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Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Métaux dissemblables, Dissimilar metals, Metales desemejantes, Verschiedenartige Metalle, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Bonding, Cold spray, Impact, Modelling, and SPH

In this study, the critical, maximum and optimum velocity of a single cold sprayed (CS) particle is estimated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by evaluating the impact shape coefficient of restitution, as well as the rebound and deposit energy ratio. The contact surfaces of the particle and the substrate are modelled as intersurface forces using the Dugdale-Barenblatt cohesive zone model. The application of SPH allows the simulation of the CS process without the use of mesh, thereby avoiding the disadvantages of the traditional numerical method in handling large deformations and tracing moving interfaces. The impact of CS particles is simulated using various powder and substrate materials. The influence of the materials on the optimum velocity and the coating quality is discussed. The reliability of the model is verified with CS experiments.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Composite hybride, Hybrid composite, Compuesto híbrido, Copolymère greffé, Graft copolymer, Copolímero injertado, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mode rupture, Fracture mode, Modo ruptura, Moulage injection, Injection molding, Moldeo por inyección, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Tissu verre, Glass fiber fabric, Tela vidrio, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Ténacité, Fracture toughness, Tenacidad, Nanotubes carbone greffés, Ténacité interlaminaire, A. Laminates, B. Fracture toughness, D. Electron microscopy, and E. Injection moulding

A novel and simple chemical route was successfully applied to graft carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto silanized plain weave glass fabric (PWGF) mats, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The CNTs grafted PWGF mats were used to reinforce epoxy matrix for multi-scale composite production due to their potential for increasing interlaminar fracture toughness by bridging the ply interfaces. Grafting CNTs onto PWGFs improved both initial and steady-state toughness more than double as measured by Mode I interlaminar fracture testing. Failed specimens were visualized to determine the failure modes using fractography. The key findings indicated that the covalent interactions created between CNTs and fibers lead fibers bridging the interface region like barbed wires, which are mainly responsible for increased fracture toughness as a result of improved interfacial adhesion.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Caoutchouc nitrile, Nitrile rubber, Caucho nitrilo, Compatibilisant, Compatibilizer, Compatibilizante, Composé de l'ammonium quaternaire, Quaternary ammonium compound, Amonio cuaternario compuesto, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Montmorillonite, Montmorilonita, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, SBR, Température transition vitreuse, Glass transition temperature, Temperatura transición vítrosa, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Viscoélasticité, Viscoelasticity, Viscoelasticidad, Vulcanisat, Vulcanizate, and Vulcanizado

Different montmorillonites either, completely hydrophilic (Mont-0), amphiphilic (Mont-25, Mont-50, and Mont-75) or completely hydrophobic (Mont-100) were used as reinforcing fillers for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) individually to predict the influence of the different forms on the properties of the rubbers (rheometric characteristics and mechanical properties). The shifts in the glass transition temperatures after the clay insertion were determined from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to investigate the preference and action of each form. In addition, the storage moduli were used as indications to the corresponding mechanical properties of the samples. The influences could be followed after comparing the impacts of aging conditions on the properties of rubber compositions. The obtained data may provide a platform to suggest the mechanism by which these forms can in some cases act as compatibilizers in addition to their reinforcing/plasticizing effect when employed with the physically incompatible NBR/SBR (50/50) blend, which helps to optimize the properties of nanocomposites based on these blends. The proposed mechanism of action showed good correlation with the results of the mechanical properties and x-ray diffraction investigations as well. .

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Conductivité électrique, Electrical conductivity, Conductividad eléctrica, Dérivé du triazole, Triazole derivatives, Triazol derivado, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Graphène, Graphene, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Modification chimique, Chemical modification, Modificación química, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Polymère conducteur, Conducting polymers, Polymère conjugué, Conjugated polymer, Polímero conjugado, Polyélectrolyte, Polyelectrolyte, Polielectrolito, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété électrique, Electrical properties, Propiedad eléctrica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Styrènesulfonate polymère, Styrenesulfonate polymer, Estireno sulfonato polímero, Thiophène dérivé polymère, Thiophene derivative polymer, Tiofeno derivado polímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Ethylènedioxythiophène polymère, Graphène oxyde, Réaction click, A. Nano composites, A. Polymer―matrix composites (PMCs), B. Electrical properties, and D. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

The well dispersed graphene in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites was achieved by chemical modification via click chemistry under mild condition in order to improve the electrical conductivity of polymer. Graphene sheets were prepared from natural graphite flake by a modified Hummers method followed by reducing with hydrazine. Graphene and PEDOT:PSS were functionalized with alkyne and azide, respectively followed by reacting via click chemistry at room temperature for 48 h using copper sulfate as catalyst. The successful functionalization and click reaction between terminal alkyne groups (―C≡C) on graphene sheets and terminal azide groups (—N3) of PED-OT:PSS were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The preliminary test to check the dissimilar dispersibility between graphene oxide and alkyne-modified graphene oxide in mixed water/hexane solvent was performed. Thermogravimetric analysis result exhibited the composites having excellent thermal stabilities due to the incorporation of graphene in PEDOT:PSS; however, clicked composites showed slightly lower thermal stabilities than unclicked ones as a result of cleavages of amide linkages and remaining oxygen-containing functionalities. It was also found that the surface morphologies observed by scanning electron microscope of clicked composites were smoother than those of unclicked composites because of the enhancement of interfacial interaction between graphene sheets and PEDOT:PSS matrix, resulting in a decrease in graphene agglomeration and, in turn, an increase in electrical conductivity.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères d'origine naturelle, Natural polymers, Amidon et polyosides divers, Starch and polysaccharides, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Propriétés et caractérisation, Properties and characterization, Propriétés biologiques, Biological properties, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Chirurgie (generalites). Transplantations, greffes d'organes et de tissus. Pathologie des greffons, Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases, Technologie. Biomatériaux. Equipements, Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments, Bactérie, Bacteria, Micrococcaceae, Micrococcales, Oside polymère, Oside polymer, Osido polímero, Propriété biologique, Biological properties, Propiedad biológica, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonadales, Adhérence cellulaire, Cell adhesion, Adherencia celular, Antibactérien, Antibacterial agent, Antibacteriano, Bactéricidie, Bactericidal effect, Bactericidia, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Chitosane, Chitosan, Quitosano, Copolymère greffé, Graft copolymer, Copolímero injertado, Copulation chimique, Chemical coupling, Copulación química, Etheruréthanne polymère, Etherurethane polymer, Eteruretano polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Réaction surface, Surface reaction, Reacción superficie, Staphylococcus aureus, Topographie surface, Surface topography, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Uréthanne copolymère, Urethane copolymer, Uretano copolímero, Energie libre surface, Antibacterial, Bacterial adhesion, Polyurethane, and Surface modification

Surface modification and providing antibacterial properties to the materials or devices are getting great attention especially in the last decades. In this study, polyurethane (PU) films were prepared by synthesizing them in medical purity from toluene diisocyanate and polypropylene ethylene glycol without using any other ingredients and then the film surfaces were modified by covalent immobilization of chitosan (CH) which has antibacterial activity. CH immobilized PU films (PU-CH) were found to be more hydrophilic than control PU films. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses showed higher nitrogen contents and rougher surface topography for PU-CH compared to PU films. Modification with CH significantly increased antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. It was observed that the number of bacteria colonies were less about 102-105 CFU/mL and number of attached viable bacteria decreased significantly after CH modification of PU films.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acrylate copolymère, Acrylate copolymer, Acrilato copolímero, Composé allylique, Allylic compound, Compuesto alílico, Copolymère réticulé, Crosslinked copolymer, Copolímero reticulado, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Effet mémoire forme, Shape memory effect, Efecto memoria forma, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Limite élasticité, Yield strength, Límite elasticidad, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Polymérisation photochimique, Photopolymerization, Polimerización fotoquímica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Prépolymère, Prepolymer, Prepolímero, Rayonnement UV, Ultraviolet radiation, Radiación ultravioleta, Température transition vitreuse, Glass transition temperature, Temperatura transición vítrosa, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Uréthanne copolymère, Urethane copolymer, Uretano copolímero, Uréthanne polymère, Polyurethane, Uretano polímero, Graphène oxyde, UV cure, graphene oxide, hybrids, polyurethanes, and shape memory

Graphene oxide modified chemically with allyl isocyanate (iGO) was incorporated in various amounts into acrylate-terminated polyurethane (PU) via UV curing. The effects of this incorporation on the morphological, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of the resulting hybrids were examined. The iGO nanoparticles incorporated into the PU chains acted as both multifunctional crosslinks and reinforcing fillers, and the effects were most pronounced at low iGO contents (0.5 and 1.0 wt%). Consequently, the glassy and rubbery state moduli, yield strength, glass transition temperature, shape fixity and shape recovery ratios were increased on adding up to 1 wt% iGO. At higher iGO loadings, the values of most of these properties decreased due to aggregation and the auto-inhibition of allyl compounds.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Copolymère séquencé, Block copolymer, Copolímero secuencia, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Cristallisation isotherme, Isothermal crystallization, Cristalización isotérmica, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Interaction intermoléculaire, Intermolecular interaction, Interacción intermolecular, Lactone copolymère, Lactone copolymer, Lactona copolímero, Lactone polymère, Lactone polymer, Lactona polímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Point quantique, Quantum dot, Punto cuántico, Polymère optiquement actif, Optically active polymer, Polímero ópticamente activo, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Styrène copolymère, Styrene copolymer, Estireno copolímero, Séléniure de cadmium, Cadmium selenides, Séparation phase, Phase separation, Separación fase, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Lactide copolymère, Lactide polymère, Stéréocomplexe, block copolymer, chirality, hybrid materials, nanoparticle, and quantum dot

A new nanoparticle/block copolymer (NP/BCP) hybrid material combining the unique properties of BCP poly(styrene)-b-poly(D-lactide) (PS-b-PDLA) and inorganic NP quantum dots CdSe was developed. A systematic study on the microphase separation of a series of PS-b-PDLAs by small-angle X-ray scattering showed that the degree of order of the separated microdomains depended on the initial state of the BCP and the measurement temperature and can be improved through isothermal crystallization of PDLA, thermal annealing and shear field etc. Incorporating a small amount of NPs into the BCP matrix can improve the mobility of the polymer chains and thus promote self-assembly of the BCP, which leads to hierarchically ordered structures. Excess NPs, however, cannot be completely incorporated into the PDLA domains, resulting in the phase transformation of the BCP, destruction of the ordered structure and even macroscopic phase separation due to the aggregation of NPs. An important observation is that stereocomplexation between PDLA and poly(L-lactide) could provide a driving force to promote microphase separation of the BCP. The strategy presented in the current work has potential applications for developing highly ordered NP/BCP hybrid materials.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acrylique acide polymère, Acrylic acid polymer, Acrílico ácido polímero, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Alumine, Alumina, Alúmina, Céramique oxyde, Oxide ceramics, Cerámica óxido, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau hybride, Hybrid material, Material híbrido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Polymérisation radicalaire, Free radical polymerization, Polimerización radicalar, Polyélectrolyte, Polyelectrolyte, Polielectrolito, Procédé sol gel, Sol gel process, Procedimiento sol gel, Propriété chimique, Chemical properties, Propiedad química, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, A. Hybrid, B. Surface properties, and E. Surface treatments

Hybrid inorganic-organic materials are promising systems for a variety of applications due to their extraordinary properties from the combination of different building blocks. In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid material based on poly[acrylic acid] (PAA), 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMPM), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The synthesis was carried out using a two-step process: first, a polymerization via radical initiation, and subsequently, a sol-gel process. The hybrids were prepared by keeping constant the amount of acrylic acid and aluminum oxide precursor but changing the amount of TMPM. The physical and chemical properties of the hybrids were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 absorption (SBET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that all of the materials were simultaneous interpenetrating networks (SIPNs) and that the morphologies and the properties depend on the amount of TMPM used. All materials showed good thermal stability, and the surface area of the composite decreased as more TMPM was incorporated in the network.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Aniline copolymère, Aniline copolymer, Anilina copolímero, Corrosion électrochimique, Electrochemical corrosion, Corrosión electroquímica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Imide copolymère, Imide copolymer, Imida copolímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Perméabilité gaz, Gas permeability, Permeabilidad gas, Polycondensation, Condensation polymerization, Policondensación, Procédé sol gel, Sol gel process, Procedimiento sol gel, Propriété transport, Transport properties, Propiedad transporte, Propriété électrochimique, Electrochemical properties, Propiedad electroquímica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Revêtement anticorrosion, Corrosion protective coatings, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Silice, Silica, Sílice, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

In this study, a series of electroactive polyimide/SiO2 (EPIS) composite materials containing conjugated segments of electroactive amino-capped aniline trimer (AT) unit were successfully prepared. First of all, the amino-modified silica (AMS) particles of ~100 nm in diameter were synthesized by performing the conventional base-catalyzed sol―gel reactions. Subsequently, the AMS nanoparticles were blending into the polymerization reactions between AT and 4,4ʹ-(4,4ʹ-isopropylidenediphenoxy)-bis(phthalic anhydride), leading to the formation of EPIS composites. The as-prepared EPIS materials in the form of coating on cold-rolled steel (CRS) electrode were found to be much superior in corrosion protection over those of non-electroactive polyimide and EPI materials based on a series of electrochemical corrosion measurements in saline. The significant enhancement in corrosion protection of EPIS coatings on CRS electrodes might probably be attributed to the redox catalytic property of organic EPI inducing the formation of passive metal oxide layer and the barrier property of well-dispersed AMS nanoparticles existed in EPI matrix.

Biomedical engineering, Génie biomédical, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Santé. Industrie pharmaceutique, Health. Pharmaceutical industry, Divers, Miscellaneous, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Chirurgie (generalites). Transplantations, greffes d'organes et de tissus. Pathologie des greffons, Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases, Technologie. Biomatériaux. Equipements, Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments, Système ostéoarticulaire, Osteoarticular system, Sistema osteoarticular, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Caprolactone polymère, Polycaprolactone, Caprolactona polímero, Cellule géante, Giant cell, Célula gigante, Corps étranger, Foreign body, Cuerpo extraño, Dégradation biologique, Biodegradation, Degradación biológica, Echafaudage, Scaffold, Andamiaje, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Génie biomédical, Biomedical engineering, Ingeniería biomédica, Génie tissulaire, Tissue engineering, Ingeniería de tejidos, In vitro, In vivo, Lactone polymère, Lactone polymer, Lactona polímero, Os, Bone, Hueso, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Réparation, Repair, Reparación, Tissu osseux, Osseous tissue, Tejido óseo, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, biodegradation, bone tissue engineering, foreign body giant cell, poly-ε-caprolactone, and scaffold

A porcine calvaria defect study was carried out to investigate the bone repair potential of three-dimensional (3D)-printed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds embedded with nanoporous PCL. A microscopic grid network was created by rapid prototyping making a 3D-fused deposition model (FDM-PCL). Afterward, the FDM-PCL scaffolds were infused with a mixture of PCL, water, and 1,4-dioxane and underwent a thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) followed by lyophilization. The TIPS process lead to a nanoporous structure shielded by the printed microstructure (NSP-PCL). Sixteen Landrace pigs were divided into two groups with 8 and 12 weeks follow-up, respectively. A total of six nonpenetrating holes were drilled in the calvaria of each animal. The size of the cylindrical defects was h 10 mm and Ø 10 mm. The defects were distributed randomly using following groups: (a) NSP-PCL scaffold, (b) FDM-PCL scaffold, (c) autograft, (d) empty defect, (a1) NSP-PCL scaffold + autologous mononuclear cells, and (a2) NSP-PCL scaffold + bone morphogenetic protein 2. Bone volume to total volume was analyzed using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry. The μCT and histological data showed significantly less bone formation in the NSP-PCL scaffolds in all three variations after both 8 and 12 weeks compared to all other groups. The positive autograft control had significantly higher new bone formation compared to all other groups except the FDM-PCL when analyzed using histomorphometry. The NSP-PCL scaffolds were heavily infiltrated with foreign body giant cells suggesting an inflammatory response and perhaps active resorption of the scaffold material. The unmodified FDM-PCL scaffold showed good osteoconductivity and osseointegration after both 8 and 12 weeks.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Aluminium alliage, Aluminium alloy, Aluminio aleación, Aluminiumlegierung, Composite matrice métallique, Metal matrix composite, Compuesto matriz metalico, Céramique sans oxyde, Non oxide ceramics, Cerámica sin óxido, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Laser, Láser, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Verbundwerkstoff, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Dispersionsgehaerteter Werkstoff, Matériau revêtement, Coating material, Material revestimiento, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nickel alliage, Nickel alloy, Níquel aleación, Nickellegierung, Nitrure de silicium, Silicon nitride, Silicio nitruro, Siliciumnitrid, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Vorbereitung, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Titane alliage, Titanium alloy, Titanio aleación, Titanlegierung, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, A. Intermetallics, A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs), B. Wear, and D. Surface analysis

Si3N4-Ni60 is firstly used to improve the wear resistance of a TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn) titanium alloy surface by mean of a laser alloying (LA) technique. The synthesis of the hard composite coating on a TA7 titanium alloy by LA of Ni60-Si3N4 pre-placed powders was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Experimental results indicated that a number of the interdendritic lamellar eutectics, nanoscale ceramics (NC) and the amorphous phases were produced in such LA coating. The production of NC led the free energy to enhance, which increased the density of point defect, leading to the formation of hypersaturated state of point defect, causing lattice distortions. Compared with a TA7 alloy substrate, an improvement of the wear resistance was obtained for such LA composite coating.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Appareillage et mise en oeuvre, Machinery and processing, Matières plastiques, Plastics, Revêtement, métallisation, coloration, Coating, metallization, dyeing, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Energie surface, Surface energy, Energía superficie, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Lactique acide polymère, Lactic acid polymer, Láctico ácido polímero, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Topographie surface, Surface topography, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Nanorugosité, Atmospheric plasma, and Polylactic acid

The main objective of this experimental study is the validation of the technique of atmospheric plasma with the aim of improving the surface energy of the polylactic acid (PLA) for further adhesion uses. The wettability of PLA has been improved with the application of an atmospheric plasma surface treatment. This method provides good adhesion properties with the optimizing the process parameters in terms of the nozzle-substrate distance and sample advance rate. In order to achieve that goal, a new and environmentally friendly technology has been used which is based on the use of air atmospheric plasma. The effects of the surface treatment on this type of substrates have been analyzed. The macroscopic effects of the process parameters have been determined using contact angle measurements and subsequent surface free energy (SFE) calculation. In addition, the chemical changes at the topmost layers have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface topography changes due to the plasma-acting mechanisms have been evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained results show a remarkable increase in surface free energy from 37.1 mJ m-2 up to values of 60 mJ m-2 thus indicating the effectiveness of the air plasma treatment. The main advantage of this technology is that the industrial process is continuous, it is easy to establish in current production systems and it does not generate wastes.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Fabrication microélectronique (technologie des matériaux et des surfaces), Microelectronic fabrication (materials and surfaces technology), Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Domaines d'application, Application fields, Adhésif, Adhesive, Adhesivo, Argent, Silver, Plata, Conductivité thermique, Thermal conductivity, Conductividad térmica, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fabrication microélectronique, Microelectronic fabrication, Fabricación microeléctrica, Iode, Iodine, Iodo, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Microparticule, Microparticle, Micropartícula, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Particule métallique, Metal particle, Partícula metálica, Particule sphérique, Spherical particle, Partícula esférica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Adhésif conducteur, A. Polymer―matrix composites (PMCs), B. Thermal properties, and D. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Heat dissipation is a critical issue in many areas such as the high-performance electronic devices. The present work gives a detailed investigation regarding a simple and efficient surface modification method, which can remarkably improve the thermal conductivity of the isotropically thermally conductive adhesives (TCAs). Herein we demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of TCAs based on micron-sized silver fillers can be improved to near eightfold merely through simple surface chemistry treatment of the fillers, without changing the conventional epoxy resin (adhesive) processing conditions. Experimental results show that the thermal conductivity of a TCA sample with iodine modified silver fillers (85 wt%, size 1-2 μm. near-spherical particles) achieved 13.5 Wm-1 K-1 when cured at 150 °C. Compared to the unmodified silver-based TCAs, only 1.7 Wm-1 K-1 was achieved when cured in the same condition. This work suggests that through modulating the filler interface of a TCA, the thermal conductivity of a TCA can be drastically improved. These TCAs with superior isotropic thermal conductivity may find many heat dissipation applications e.g. surface mounted devices (SMDs) and high power (printed circuit) motherboards.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Amination, Aminación, Composition chimique, Chemical composition, Composición química, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre revêtue, Coated fiber, Fibra revestida, Interface fibre matrice, Matrix fiber interface, Interfase fibra matriz, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Propriété interface, Interface properties, Propiedad interfase, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Résistance cisaillement interfacial, Résistance cisaillement interlaminaire, A. Carbon fibers, A. Polymer―matrix composites, B. Surface properties, E. Surface treatments, and Supercritical fluids

To improve the interfacial properties between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix, the fibers were treated by an ammoniac medium, which consisted of supercritical water, ethanol and triethylene tetramine. The images of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope indicate that coating layers are formed on the surfaces of treated fibers. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that N content on the surfaces of carbon fibers increases and the main ammoniac groups of the coating layers are amino and imino groups. The mechanical measurements indicate that both interlaminar and interface shear strength of carbon fibers are significantly increased after amination.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acide sulfonique, Sulfonic acid, Acido sulfónico, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Benzooxazole dérivé polymère, Benzoxazole derivative polymer, Benzooxazol derivado polímero, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Interface fibre matrice, Matrix fiber interface, Interfase fibra matriz, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Molécule polyédrique, Polyhedral molecule, Molécula poliédrica, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Oligomère, Oligomer, Oligómero, Polymère aromatique, Aromatic polymer, Polímero aromático, Propriété interface, Interface properties, Propiedad interfase, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Rugosité, Roughness, Rugosidad, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Silsesquioxane polymère, Silsesquioxane polymer, Silsesquioxano polímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Benzobisoxazole(p-phénylène) polymère

A novel three-step approach of methanesulfonic acid/γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane/GlycidylEthyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MSA/KH550/POSS) was proposed to functionalize the surface of high modulus poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers. Results indicated that GlycidylEthyl POSS was successfully grafted on the surface of HMPBO fibers and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was increased obviously. The single fiber pull-out strength of POSS-g-HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite was improved to 1.19 MPa, better than that of native HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Caoutchouc liquide, Liquid rubber, Caucho líquido, Caoutchouc naturel époxydé, Epoxidized natural rubber, Caucho natural epóxido, Caoutchouc naturel, Natural rubber, Caucho natural, Cendre, Ash, Ceniza, Déchet industriel, Industrial waste, Desperdicio industrial, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Huile palme, Palm oil, Aceite palma, Huile végétale, Vegetable oil, Aceite vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Particule enrobée, Coated particle, Partícula envuelta, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Résistance allongement, Elongation strength, Resistencia alargamiento, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vieillissement thermique, Thermal ageing, Envejecimiento térmico, Ageing, Liquid epoxidized natural rubber, Oil palm ash, and Thermogravimetric analysis

Oil Palm Ash (OPA), coated with a Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber (LENR), was prepared prior to compounding with natural rubber and other curing ingredients, using a laboratory two-roll mill. Owing to better interfacial adhesion between the LENR coating layer and the OPA particles, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the LENR-coated OPA showed higher retention than non-coated OPA filled natural rubber composites after being subjected to thermal ageing at 100 °C for two days. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated that the thermal stability of LENR-coated OPA filled natural rubber composites was higher than that of non-coated OPA filled natural rubber composites. However, this phenomenon only occurred from ambient temperature up to the temperature at which the LENR coating phase started to decompose.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Argile, Clay, Arcilla, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Cristallisation état fondu, Melt crystallization, Cristalización estado fundido, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Ethylène polymère, Polyethylene, Etileno polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Laponite, Laponita, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Molécule polyédrique, Polyhedral molecule, Molécula poliédrica, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nickel Complexe, Nickel Complexes, Niquel Complejo, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Point fusion, Melting point, Punto fusión, Polymère ramifié, Branched polymer, Polímero ramificado, Polymérisation catalyseur complexe, Complex catalyst polymerization, Polimerización catalizador complejo, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Silsesquioxane polymère, Silsesquioxane polymer, Silsesquioxano polímero, Structure moléculaire, Molecular structure, Estructura molecular, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Degré ramification, Branched polyethylene, Branching structure, Melting and crystallization behavior, OapPOSS-modified clay, and Supported nickel α-diimine catalyst

Ethylene polymerization was catalyzed by using nickel α-diimine covalently supported inside the octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligometric silsesquioxane (OapPOSS)-modified Laponite clay layers. The branching structure, melting, and crystallization of the polyethylene (PE) matrix of PE/OapPOSS-clay nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the PE matrix of PE/OapPOSS-clay nanocomposites has lower branching density and higher melting point and degree of crystallinity when compared with those of PE prepared by unsupported catalyst. It is proposed that the chain walking rate of the ethylene polymerization was reduced greatly, resulting in a lower degree of branching because the catalyst has been intercalated into the clay galleries. In order to further investigate the chain branching distribution of the PE matrix of PE/OapPOSS-clay nanocomposites, a DSC technique termed successive self-nucleation and annealing was applied. It was found that the PE matrix of PE/OapPOSS-clay nanocomposites has a larger high melting point fraction, thicker lamella and longer Ln and Lw than PE obtained with unsupported catalyst.

Materials, Matériaux, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Produits de revêtement. Peintures, vernis et encres, Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks, Formation et durcissement des feuils, propriétés, essais, Film formation and curing, properties, testing, Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Adhésivité, Adhesivity, Adhesividad, Benzimidazole polymère, Polybenzimidazole, Benzimidazol polímero, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Emission fumée, Smoke emission, Emisión humo, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Matériau revêtement, Coating material, Material revestimiento, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Résistance feu, Fire resistance, Resistencia fuego, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Nanofibre carbone, carbon nanofibers, fire resistant coating, and structural composite

With increasing interest in epoxy-based carbon fiber composites for structural applications, it is important to improve the fire resistant properties of these materials. The fire resistant performance of these materials can be improved either by using high performance epoxy resin for manufacturing carbon fiber composite or by protecting the previously used epoxy-based composite with some fire resistant coating. In this context, work is carried out to evaluate the fire resistance performance of recently emerged high performance polybenzimidazole (PBI) when used as a coating material. Furthermore, the effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on fire resistant properties of inherently flame retardant PBI coating was studied. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbon/epoxy composite, unfilled PBI and nano-filled PBI shows that the carbon/epoxy composite maintained its thermal stability up to a temperature of 400°C and afterwards showed a large decrease in mass, while both unfilled PBI and nano-filled PBI have shown thermal stability up to a temperature of 575°C corresponding to only 11% weight loss. Cone calorimeter test results show that unfilled PBI coating did not improve the fire retardant performance of carbon/epoxy composite. Conversely, nano-filled PBI coating has shown a significant improvement in fire retardant performance of the carbon/epoxy composite in terms of increased ignition time, reduced average and peak heat release rate and reduced smoke and carbon monoxide emission. These results indicate that addition of carbon nanofibers to inherently flame retardant coating can significantly be helpful for improving the fire resistance performance of composite materials even with low coating thickness.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Constituants de formulation, Compounding ingredients, Ignifugeants, retardateurs de flamme et réducteurs de fumée, Fireproof agents, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Dimension particule, Particle size, Dimensión partícula, Ethylène haute densité polymère, High density ethylene polymer, Etileno alta densidad polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydroxyde de magnésium, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesio hidróxido, Inflammabilité, Flammability, Inflamabilidad, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Retardateur flamme, Flame retardant, Retardador llama, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

The modification of magnesium hydroxide (MH) with triethoxy vinyl silane (TVS) was carried out via three different methods and the results are discussed with respect to their effect on the flame retardant and the tensile properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites. Via a xylene suspension of MH and TVS, via a water suspension of MH and TVS, and via powder mixing of MH and TVS. It was found that in all three cases, Si—O—Mg bonds formed on the MH particles surface. Also, this silane modification induced a certain level of particle agglomeration, but without modifying their morphology or particle size. It was also found that the flame retardant properties of the HDPE nanocomposites did not improve because of the use of silane modified MH. During the flame retardant tests, all nanocomposites passed the UL-94-HB, but it was observed that the flame permanence time was longer when using modified MH. The tensile properties were negatively affected by the addition of unmodified MH; the nanocomposites became hard and brittle, with reduced flexibility. This negative effect was diminished when using silane modified MH.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Généralités, General aspects, Manutention, stockage, conditionnement, transport, Handling, storage, packaging, transport, Amidon, Starch, Almidón, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Biodégradabilité, Biodegradability, Biodegradabilidad, Composé de l'ammonium quaternaire, Quaternary ammonium compound, Amonio cuaternario compuesto, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Emballage, Packaging, Empaque, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Indice oxygène, Oxygen index, Indice oxígeno, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oside polymère, Oside polymer, Osido polímero, Perméabilité gaz, Gas permeability, Permeabilidad gas, Produit alimentaire, Foodstuff, Producto alimenticio, Propriété biologique, Biological properties, Propiedad biológica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété transport, Transport properties, Propiedad transporte, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Starch/clay bionanocomposites were prepared by incorporation of varying concentrations of nanoclay (Cloisite® 30B) through solution blending. The chemical interaction of starch with clay was evidenced from ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The material was also characterized through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy study. The bionanocomposites were found to be more thermally stable as revealed from thermogravimetric analysis. The fire retardancy of the bionanocomposites was investigated from limiting oxygen index measurement. The result showed improvement of this property with increase in clay loading. From the measurement of oxygen permeabilities, it was found that the oxygen barrier property of starch/clay (10%) was improved by more than three times compared to virgin starch. The biodegradability of the material combined with the above mentioned properties could make it applicable as food packaging material.