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Geology, Géologie, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Fabrication microélectronique (technologie des matériaux et des surfaces), Microelectronic fabrication (materials and surfaces technology), Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Assemblage et découpage thermique: aspects métallurgiques, Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects, Brasage, Brazing. Soldering, Aimantation, Magnetization, Imanación, Magnetisieren, Argent alliage, Silver alloy, Plata aleación, Silberlegierung, Brasage avec refusion, Reflow soldering, Soldeo con refusión, Aufschmelzloeten, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Differentialrasterkalorimetrie, Cobalt alliage, Cobalt alloy, Cobalto aleación, Cobaltlegierung, Cuivre alliage, Copper alloy, Cobre aleación, Kupferlegierung, Effet champ magnétique, Magnetic field effect, Efecto campo magnético, Magnetischer Feldeffekt, Etain alliage, Tin alloy, Estaño aleación, Zinnlegierung, Fabrication microélectronique, Microelectronic fabrication, Fabricación microeléctrica, Fer alliage, Iron alloy, Hierro aleación, Eisenlegierung, Fiabilité, Reliability, Fiabilidad, Zuverlaessigkeit, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Verbundwerkstoff, Métal transition alliage, Transition metal alloy, Metal transición aleación, Uebergangsmetallegierung, Nanomatériau magnétique, Magnetic nanomaterial, Nanomaterial magnético, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Packaging électronique, Electronic packaging, Packaging electrónico, Particule magnétique, Magnetic particles, Perte magnétique, Iron loss, Pérdida magnética, Magnetischer Verlust, Propriété thermomécanique, Thermomechanical properties, Propriedad termomecánica, Brasure sans plomb, and Lead free solder

Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys are regarded as the most promising alternative for traditional Pb-Sn solders used in electronic packaging applications. However, the higher reflow temperature requirement, possible intermetallic formation, and reliability issues of SAC alloys generate several key challenges for successful adoption of Pb-free solder for next generation electronic packaging needs. Localized heating in interconnects can alleviate thermal stresses by preventing subjection of entire package to the higher reflow temperatures associated with the SAC solders. It had been demonstrated that SAC solder-FeCo magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) composite paste can be reflowed locally with AC magnetic fields, enabling interconnect formation in area array packages while minimizing eddy current heating in the printed circuit board. Solder/magnetic nanocomposite pastes with varying MNP concentration were reflowed using AC magnetic fields. Differential scanning calorimetry results show a reduced undercooling of the composite pastes with the addition of MNPs. TEM results show that the FeCo MNPs are distributed in Sn matrix of the reflowed solder composites. Optical and SEM micrographs show a decrease in Sn dendrite regions as well as smaller and more homogeneous dispersed Ag3Sn with the addition of MNPs. The MNPs promote Sn solidification by providing more heterogeneous nucleation sites at relatively low undercoolings. The mechanical properties were measured by nanoindentation. The modulus, hardness, and creep resistance, increase with the MNP concentration. The enhanced mechanical properties are attributed to grain boundary and dispersion strengthening. The reflow of solder composites have been modeled based on eddy current power loss in the substrate and magnetic power losses in the solder bumps. Induction reflow of pure solder bumps (<300 μm) in an area array package using 500 Oe magnetic field at 300 kHz requires excessive eddy current power loss in the substrate, resulting in extreme temperatures that lead to blistering and delamination of the substrate. Solder-MNP composites with modest MNP loading showed temperature increases sufficient to achieve solder reflow when subjected to the same AC magnetic fields. Thermomechanical behavior of a solder joint was also modeled under cyclic temperature variations. The stress and strain are highly localized at the interface between solder and substrate. Plastic work accumulated per cycle can be used for lifetime prediction. In this article we review lead-containing and lead-free solder systems, and the electronic packaging technologies pertinent to soldering process. Recent research on the effects of MNPs on localized heating, microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and thermomechanical reliability are summarized.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Approximation liaison forte, Tight binding approximation, Electronique spin, Spintronics, Electrónica de espin, Elément matriciel, Matrix elements, Modèle 1 dimension, One dimensional model, Modelo 1 dimensión, Modèle microscopique, Microscopic model, Modelo microscópico, Quantification, Quantization, Transport polarisé en spin, Spin polarized transport, Piezospintronics, and Spin dependent transport

The theoretical prediction that some materials might develop pure spin currents in response to strain is presented. Such piezo-spintronic effect is studied and shown to be allowed by symmetry in several systems. This mechanism opens up a way to obtain and measure pure spin currents. From a close analogy with the theory of electric polarization and the piezoelectric effect, we show that such piezo-spintronics response can be represented in a geometrical form in terms of spin Berry phases. Additionally, we illustrate the ideas by the use of two toy models that displays a non-trivial piezo-spintronic response and discuss on possible experimental realizations on antiferromagnetic insulators.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Aimantation, Magnetization, Effet Seebeck, Seebeck effect, Effet magnétocalorique, Magnetocaloric effects, Entraînement par phonon, Phonon drag, Injection spin, Spin injection, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Onde acoustique, Acoustic waves, Pouvoir thermoélectrique, Thermoelectric power, Résonance ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic resonance, Théorie réponse linéaire, Linear response theory, Teoría repuesta lineal, Pompage de spin, Spin pumping, A. Magnetically ordered materials, C. Thermoelectricity, and D. Magnetocalorics

Spin pumping refers to the spin current injection driven by magnetization dynamics from a ferromagnet into adjacent nonmagnetic conductors. Conventionally, ferromagnetic resonance is used to drive the magnetization dynamics and the spin pumping. Recently a new type of spin pumping driven by acoustic waves, i.e., the acoustic spin pumping, has been reported. We present a linear-response theory of the acoustic spin pumping.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Aimantation, Magnetization, Diffusion spin, Spin diffusion, Difusión spin, Déformation élastique, Elastic deformation, Electronique spin, Spintronics, Electrónica de espin, Interaction spin orbite, Spin-orbit interactions, Moment cinétique, Angular momentum, Onde acoustique surface, Acoustic surface waves, Résonance ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic resonance, A. Nonmagnetic conductors, D. Spin current, D. Spin-rotation coupling, and D. Surface acoustic waves

The spin-rotation coupling (SRC) is responsible for angular momentum conversion between the electron spin and rotational deformations of elastic media, whereby spin current generation from mechanical motions is theoretically predicted. Here a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is considered as an example of such elastic deformations. We formulate the spin diffusion equation that is extended to include the influence of the SRC, and from the solution we find that larger spin currents can be obtained in materials with longer spin lifetimes. This distinct feature arises from the fact that the present method is of purely mechanical origin, i.e., it relies on neither equilibrium magnetization nor spin-orbit coupling, offering a new route to building the so-called rare-metal-free spintronics devices.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Effet Hall de spin, Spin Hall effect, Equation Dirac, Dirac equation, Interaction spin orbite, Spin-orbit interactions, Rotation, Transition interbande, Interband transitions, Transport polarisé en spin, Spin polarized transport, A. Nonmagnetic conductors, D. Spin current, and D. Spin-orbit coupling

We theoretically investigate mechanical spin current generation via spin-orbit coupling on the basis of the generally covariant Dirac equation. In accelerating systems, the spin-orbit coupling is modified by inertial effects. Due to the augmented coupling, spin current is generated from rigid rotation and vibration. Renormalization of the inertial effects due to the interband mixing is also discussed by using the k p perturbation.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Generalites, General, Instruments, appareillage, composants et techniques communs à plusieurs branches de la physique et de l'astronomie, Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy, Techniques et équipements généraux, General equipment and techniques, Transducteurs, Transducers, Actionneur, Actuators, Aimantation rémanente, Remanent magnetization, Imanación remanente, Aimantation, Magnetization, Commutation, Switching, Couche mince magnétique, Magnetic thin films, Déformation élastique, Elastic deformation, Effet magnétoélastique, Magnetoelastic effects, Magnétostriction, Magnetostriction, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Matériau multiferroïque, Ferroic material, Material ferroico, Monocristal, Monocrystals, Oxyde de fer, Iron oxide, Hierro óxido, Résonance ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic resonance, A. Multiferroic hybrids, D. Magnetostriction, E. Ferromagnetic resonance, and E. SQUID magnetometry

We investigate different approaches towards a nonvolatile switching of the remanent magnetization in single-crystalline ferromagnets at room temperature via elastic strain using ferromagnetic thin film/piezoelectric actuator hybrids. The piezoelectric actuator induces a voltage-controllable strain along different crystalline directions of the ferromagnetic thin film, resulting in modifications of its magnetization by converse magnetoelastic effects. We quantify the magnetization changes in the hybrids via ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. These measurements demonstrate a significant strain-induced change of the magnetization, limited by an inefficient strain transfer and domain formation in the particular system studied. To overcome these obstacles, we address practicable engineering concepts and use a model to demonstrate that a strain-controlled, nonvolatile magnetization switching should be possible in appropriately engineered ferromagnetic/piezoelectric actuator hybrids.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Propriétés et matériaux magnétiques, Magnetic properties and materials, Autres propriétés intrinsèques des matériaux magnétiquement ordonnés, Magnetically ordered materials: other intrinsic properties, Ondes de spin, Spin waves, Effets magnétomécaniques et magnétoélectriques, magnétostriction, Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction, Propriétés et matériaux diélectriques, piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques, Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties, Ferroélectricité et antiferroélectricité, Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity, Structure des domaines; hystérésis, Domain structure; hysteresis, Bore alliage, Boron alloys, Cobalt alliage, Cobalt alloys, Domaine ferroélectrique, Ferroelectric domain, Dominio ferroeléctrico, Dynamique spin, Spin dynamics, Déformation élastique, Elastic deformation, Effet champ électrique, Electric field effects, Effet magnétoélastique, Magnetoelastic effects, Fer alliage, Iron alloys, Ferroélasticité, Ferroelasticity, Fréquence propre, Eigenfrequency, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Modulation, Métal transition alliage, Transition element alloys, Onde spin, Spin waves, Structure domaine, Domain structure, Vitesse groupe, Group velocity, Cristal magnonique, Magnonic crystal, A. Ferroelectric, A. Ferromagnetic, D. Magnetoelectric coupling, and D. Magnonics

Spin dynamics controlled by magnetoelastic coupling and applied electric fields might play a vital role in future developments of magnonics, i.e., the exploitation of spin waves for the transmission and processing of information. We have performed broadband spin-wave spectroscopy on a magnetostrictive CoFeB alloy grown on a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate causing elastic strain with a quasi-periodic modulation. We find characteristic eigenfrequencies and spin-wave modes with large group velocities and small damping. These results suggest bright perspectives for electric-field control of reprogrammable magnonics.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Cobalt alliage, Cobalt alloys, Effet Nernst, Nernst effect, Effet Seebeck, Seebeck effect, Effet champ magnétique, Magnetic field effects, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Métal transition alliage, Transition element alloys, Orientation champ, Field orientation, Orientacíon campo, Pouvoir thermoélectrique, Thermoelectric power, Transport polarisé en spin, Spin polarized transport, Variation angulaire, Angular variation, Variación angular, Verre métallique, Metallic glasses, A. Amorphous metallic glass, D. Spin Seebeck effect, D. Thermoelectricity, and D. Thermomagnetism

The anomalous, ordinary, and planar Nernst effects of the ferromagnetic bulk metallic glass Co85Si5 Fe3B3Mo2Ni2 are reported. The contribution of the anomalous Nernst signal when the magnetic field is oriented in the plane of the specimen is shown to be zero; yet there is an odd component to the measured signal that varies along the sample length. Even though all measurements here are made using point contacts, and no spin-sensitive Pt strips are present, the signal has similarities to the spin-Seebeck signal.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Generalites, General, Instruments, appareillage, composants et techniques communs à plusieurs branches de la physique et de l'astronomie, Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy, Techniques et équipements généraux, General equipment and techniques, Transducteurs, Transducers, Techniques, équipements et instruments mécaniques, Mechanical instruments, equipment and techniques, Systèmes et dispositifs micromécaniques, Micromechanical devices and systems, Condensation Bose Einstein, Bose-Einstein condensation, Couplage fort, Strong coupling, Acoplamiento fuerte, Dissipation, Hyperfréquence, Microwave radiation, Intrication quantique, Quantum entanglement, Nitrure de calcium, Calcium nitride, Calcio nitruro, Résonateur nanomécanique, Nanomechanical resonator, Resonador nanomecánico, Tellurure de gallium, Gallium tellurides, Théorie quantique, Quantum theory, Tomographie, Tomography, Transducteur, Transducers, C. Mechanical resonators, C. Microwave cavity, C. Spin, and D. Entanglement

Mechanical resonators are macroscopic quantum objects with great potential. They couple to many different quantum systems such as spins, optical photons, and Bose Einstein condensates. It is difficult to measure and manipulate a phonon state due to the tiny motion in the quantum regime. On the other hand, microwave resonators are powerful quantum devices since arbitrary photon states can be synthesized and measured with the quantum tomography. We show that linear coupling, strong and controlled with gate voltage, between mechanical and microwave resonators enables creation of quantum phonon states, manipulation of hybrid entanglement between phonons and photons, and generation of entanglement between two mechanical oscillators. In circuit quantum optomechanics, the mechanical resonator acts as a quantum transducer between an auxiliary quantum system and the microwave resonator, which is used as a quantum bus. As an example, we demonstrate how two mechanical resonators coupled to one microwave resonator and two spins can facilitate entanglement generation between the spins.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Dynamique spin, Spin dynamics, Effet Nernst Ettingshausen, Nernst Ettingshausen effect, Efecto Nernst Ettingshausen, Effet Seebeck, Seebeck effect, Fer Yttrium Oxyde Mixte, Iron Yttrium Oxides Mixed, Mixto, Fer, Iron, Grenat fer yttrium, YIG, Injection spin, Spin injection, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Multicouche, Multilayers, Métal transition, Transition elements, Onde spin, Spin waves, PZT, Phonon acoustique, Acoustical phonons, Traitement thermique, Heat treatments, A. Insulators, A. Magnetically ordered materials, D. Phonons, and D. Spin dynamics

The acoustic spin pumping (ASP) stands for the generation of a spin voltage from sound waves in a ferromagnet/paramagnet junction. In this letter, we propose and demonstrate a method for pure detection of the ASP, which enables the separation of sound-wave-driven spin currents from the spin Seebeck effect due to the heating of a sample caused by a sound-wave injection. Our demonstration using a Pt/YIG/PZT sample shows that the ASP signal in this structure measured by a conventional method is considerably offset by the heating signal and that the pure ASP signal is one order of magnitude greater than that reported in the previous study.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Geology, Géologie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Structure des liquides et des solides; cristallographie, Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography, Structure de solides cristallins particuliers, Structure of specific crystalline solids, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de croissance cristalline; physique de la croissance cristalline, Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Dispositifs optoélectroniques, Optoelectronic devices, Croissance cristalline, Crystal growth, Diagramme poudre, Powder pattern, Diagrama polvo, Diode électroluminescente, Light emitting diodes, Groupe espace, Space groups, Haute pression, High pressure, Haute température, High temperature, Alta temperatura, Monocristal, Monocrystals, Paramètre cristallin, Lattice parameters, Perfection cristalline, Crystal perfection, Perfección cristalina, Spectre IR, Infrared spectra, Spectrométrie Raman, Raman spectroscopy, Structure cristalline, Crystal structure, 8560D, 8560J, crystal structure, hexafluorosilicate, and high-pressure

High-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 5.5 GPa and 750 °C applied to a powder of Li2SiF6 led to a pressure-supported crystal growth of Li2SiF6 maintaining single crystals of sufficient quality for a single-crystal structure determination. The compound crystallizes in the space group P321 (No. 150) with 3 formula units and the lattice parameters a = 8.219(2), c = 4.5580(9) Å, V = 266.65(8) Å3, R1 = 0.0178, and wR2 = 0.0391 (all data). This work verified the published powder diffraction data of Li2SiF6 and the predicted space group. Additionally, powder-FT-IR and Raman-spectroscopic investigations on single-crystals of Li2SiF6 were performed for the first time.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Capteur, Sensors, Conductivité thermique, Thermal conductivity, Dissipation thermique, Thermal dissipation, Disipación térmica, Effet Seebeck, Seebeck effect, Effet redresseur, Rectification, Electronique spin, Spintronics, Electrónica de espin, Hyperfréquence, Microwave radiation, Jonction tunnel, Tunnel junction, Unión túnel, Nanostructure, Nanostructures, Onde spin, Spin waves, Jonction tunnel magnétique, Magnetic tunnel junction, A. Magnetic tunnel junctions, C. Microwave imaging, D. Seebeck effects, and D. Spin caloritronics

Recently, the combination of spintronics and thermo-electricity has emerged as the new field of spin caloritronics. It focuses on the coupling of spin transport with heat dissipation and mechanical excitations in magnetic structures. The search to find applications for this new discipline is underway. Motivated by recently discovered Seebeck rectification (Zhang et al., 2012) in nano-structured magnetic tunnel junctions, we explore the possibility of utilizing spin caloritronics in microwave applications. New horizons emerge by using spin caloritronic microwave sensors made of magnetic tunneling junctions, which may be adapted to existing radar and tomographic microwave imaging approaches as well as the standard antenna design procedure.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Generalites, General, Instruments, appareillage, composants et techniques communs à plusieurs branches de la physique et de l'astronomie, Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy, Techniques, équipements et instruments mécaniques, Mechanical instruments, equipment and techniques, Systèmes et dispositifs micromécaniques, Micromechanical devices and systems, Aimantation, Magnetization, Dispositif nanoélectromécanique, Nanoelectromechanical device, Dispositivo nanoelectromecánico, Dynamique spin, Spin dynamics, Dépendance temps, Time dependence, Ferrites grenats, Ferrite garnets, Hystérésis magnétique, Magnetic hysteresis, Matériau ferrimagnétique, Ferrimagnetic materials, Nanotechnologie, Nanotechnology, Susceptibilité magnétique, Magnetic susceptibility, Système mésoscopique, Mesoscopic systems, A. Magnetically ordered materials, A. Nanostructures, B. Nanofabrications, and D. Spin dynamics

A novel method for simultaneous detection of both DC and time-dependent magnetic signatures in individual mesoscopic structures has emerged from early studies in spin mechanics. Multifrequency nanomechanical detection of AC susceptibility and its harmonics highlights reversible nonlinearities in the magnetization response of a single yttrium iron garnet (YIG) element, separating them from hysteretic jumps in the DC magnetization.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Electronique, Electronics, Electrónica, Elektronik, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Applications, Cold spray, Medical, and Plastics

Modern cold spray, first implemented 30 years ago, has since expanded rapidly in system designs and applications. While initially considered to be a method to deposit a ductile metal coating onto another metal, subsequent innovations in design and use have allowed new applications to areas as diverse as medical and electronics. This paper describes some new methods and applications that are currently being developed. Twenty-four new applications are presented, chosen to represent the diversity of actual and potential uses of cold spray technology.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Rupture, Fractures, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Electronique, Electronics, Electrónica, Elektronik, Facteur intensité contrainte, Stress intensity factor, Factor intensidad tensión, Spannungsintensitaetsfaktor, Interférométrie speckle électronique, Electronic speckle interferometry, Interferometría speckle electrónica, Longueur fissure, Crack length, Largo fisura, Risslaenge, Mécanique rupture, Fracture mechanics, Mecánica ruptura, Bruchmechanik, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Rupture, Ruptura, Bruch, T-stress, crack compliance method, electronic speckle-pattern interferometry, local displacement measurements, and stress intensity factor

New experimental technique for a determination of the stress intensity factor and the non-singular T-stress is developed, verified and implemented. The approach is based on combining the crack compliance method and optical interferometric measurements of local deformation response on small crack length increment. Initial experimental information has a form of in-plane displacement component values, which are measured by electronic speckle-pattern interferometry at some specific points located near a crack tip. The first four coefficients of Williams' series are derived. A determination of initial experimental data at the nearest vicinity of crack/notch tip is the main feature of the developed approach. In this case, it is not necessary to use complex numerical models, which are connected with geometrical parameters and loading conditions of the object under study in a stage of experimental data interpretation. Moreover, an availability of high-quality interference fringe patterns, which are free from rigid body motions, serves as a reliable indicator of real stress state in the vicinity of the crack tip. Experimental verification of the proposed method is performed for specially designed specimen of double cantilever beam type. Distributions of the stress intensity factor and the T-stress for two cracks in different residual stress fields in the vicinity of friction stir welding joints are presented as an example.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Effet Josephson, Josephson effect, Effet bord, Edge effect, Efecto borde, Effet champ magnétique, Magnetic field effects, Effet dimensionnel, Size effect, Facteur forme, Form factors, Facteur g, g-factor, Hybridation, Hybridization, Hétérostructure, Heterostructures, Moment cinétique, Angular momentum, Méthode analytique, Analytical method, Método analítico, Nanofil, Nanowires, Orientation champ, Field orientation, Orientacíon campo, Puits quantique, Quantum wells, Semiconducteur, Semiconductor materials, Théorie Majorana, Majorana theory, Transfert quantité mouvement, Momentum transfer, Transport polarisé en spin, Spin polarized transport, Transfert de spin, Spin transfer, Transistor à spin, Spin transistor, A. Semiconductors, C. Nanowire quantum well, D. Majorana modes, and D. Spin transistor

We propose the manipulation of Majorana edge states via hybridization and spin currents in a nanowire spin transistor. The spin transistor is based on a heterostructure nanowire comprising of semiconductors with large and small g-factors that form the topological and non-topological regions respectively. The hybridization of bound edge states results in spin currents and 4π-periodic torques, as a function of the relative magnetic field angle - an effect which is dual to the fractional Josephson effect. We establish relation between torques and spin-currents in the non-topological region where the magnetic field is almost zero and spin is conserved along the spin-orbit field direction. The angular momentum transfer could be detected by sensitive magnetic resonance force microscopy techniques.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Propriétés et matériaux magnétiques, Magnetic properties and materials, Effets magnétomécaniques et magnétoélectriques, magnétostriction, Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction, Actionneur, Actuators, Aimantation, Magnetization, Condition aux limites, Boundary conditions, Energie déformation, Strain energy, Energía deformación, Injection spin, Spin injection, Matériau ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic materials, Onde magnétoélastique, Magnetoelastic waves, Onde transversale, Transverse wave, Onda transversal, Propagation onde, Wave propagation, Relation dispersion, Dispersion relations, Résonance ferromagnétique, Ferromagnetic resonance, Ultrason, Ultrasonic waves, A. Ferromagnets, D. Magnetoelastic coupling, D. Spin pumping, and D. Ultrasound

We study propagation of ultrasonic waves through a ferromagnetic medium with special attention to the boundary conditions at the interface with an ultrasonic actuator. In analogy to charge and spin transport in conductors, we formulate the energy transport through the system as a scattering problem. We find that the magneto-elastic coupling leads to a non-vanishing magnetic (elastic) energy accompanying the acoustic (spin) waves with a resonantly enhanced effect around the anti-crossing in the dispersion relations. We demonstrate the physics of excitating magnetization dynamics via acoustic waves injected around the ferromagnetic resonance frequency.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomène de transport dû au spin polarisé, Spin polarized transport, Aimantation, Magnetization, Effet Hall de spin, Spin Hall effect, Effet magnétoélastique, Magnetoelastic effects, Excitation paramétrique, Parametric excitation, Excitación paramétrica, Instabilité, Instability, Méthode paramétrique, Parametric method, Método paramétrico, Nitrure de calcium, Calcium nitride, Calcio nitruro, Onde spin, Spin waves, Onde élastique, Elastic waves, Ultrason, Ultrasonic waves, D. Instability threshold, D. Magnetoelastic effects, D. Parametric excitation, and D. Spin pumping

Recent experiments demonstrated generation of spin currents by ultrasound. We can understand this acoustically induced spin pumping in terms of the coupling between magnetization and lattice waves. Here we study the parametric excitation of magnetization by longitudinal acoustic waves and calculate the acoustic threshold power. The induced magnetization dynamics can be detected by the spin pumping into an adjacent normal metal that displays the inverse spin Hall effect.