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SOCIALISM, HISTORY, ECONOMIC policy, GREAT powers (International relations), CHINA, TIANANMEN Square Massacre, China, 1989, and CHINA -- Foreign relations -- 1976-

When external eyes turned to China 30 years ago (if they did at all), the focus was still on the extent to which it might be breaking away from its socialist economic past. And though we did not know it at the time, intra-elite debates over how far (and to where) reforms should go would eventually play some part in shaping what happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989; events that would place China on the verge of international isolation. This paper traces the evolution from isolation to a position where some in China now think it is now second only to the USA in the ranking of world powers. It will focus on how scholarship on China in the journal has changed over the years, but also on some of the constants and recurring questions and issues that have inspired research over the years. In addition, notwithstanding a very real and very large shift in China's global power capabilities, it will suggest that asking if China matters, or more correctly, how China matters in different issue areas, remains a very useful intellectual exercise today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, ECONOMIC reform, ECONOMIC policy, 1976-2000, CHINA -- Politics & government -- 1976-2002, and CHINESE history, 1976-2002

This paper reviews the evolution of the Chinese socialist regime since the early reforms introduced in 1978. It explores the revisionist concept and innovative practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Differently from the East Asian newly industrialized countries, the Chinese reform had to deliver from the beginning both on the economic and socio-political fronts. This explains why China has forged its own model of economic and political development through redefining the concept of Chinese socialism, learning from Western and Eastern capitalisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, ECONOMIC policy, EQUALITY, SOCIAL order, and 2000-

This article discusses the development of the Chinese ideal of a harmonious socialist society. The history of Chinese socialist descriptions of social harmony articulated by political leaders including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaopeng, and Hu Jintao is described. Issues of economic inequality and the ideals of socialism are described in terms of the need for the rule of law and the maintenance of order within China.

CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, POWER (Social sciences), ECONOMIC policy, HISTORY, CHINA, and CHINA -- Politics & government

From the capitalist Guomindang (GMD) regime to the socialist regime of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the moderate intellectuals, those governing China have been compelled-and at times perfectly willing-to entrust the important task of economic, social, and political reforms to state power and to call the results "state capitalism" or "state socialism." From this perspective, the historical fate of capitalism in modern China has been restricted by the rise of statism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POLITICAL parties -- China, CAPITALISM, ECONOMIC policy, SOCIALISM -- China, ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC models, and ECONOMIC conditions in China

In the process of 90 years, the CPC' s theoretical pattern has undergone four great transformations, namely the change from "world pattern" to "Chinese pattern", the turn from "revolutionary pattern" to "constructional pattern", the leap from "planned economy pattern" to "market economy pattern", the shift from "extensive model of economic growth and its theoretical pattern" to "intensive model of economic development and its theoretical pattern". It is the above historic transformations and leaps that make a great contribution to the founding and development of the socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CHINA -- Economic policy -- 1976-2000, ECONOMIC history, CHINA -- Historiography, CENTRAL economic planning, ECONOMIC policy, SOCIALISM -- China -- History, and HISTORY

China formally adopted the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world in 1978. Since then, both economic practice and economic theory in China have undergone profound changes, and the academic study of modern Chinese economic history has been encouraged to expand its research horizons under the rubric of “liberating the mind and seeking truth in the facts”. A number of important monographs and essays have been produced and the study of modern Chinese economic history has entered a flourishing period. Current research focuses on two major topics: China's New Democratic economy and the planned economy during the period 1949-78; and, China's socialist market economy from 1978-2006. The study of these two areas shows numerous interconnections, points of comparison and causal links. The many and important lessons to be drawn from these studies both exhibit Chinese characteristics and have universal implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FUNERAL industry, GOVERNMENT ownership, HISTORY, SOCIALISM, ECONOMIC policy, TWENTIETH century, SHANGHAI (China), and 1949-1976

The takeover of the city by the People's Liberation Army in May 1949 marked the beginning of a process of transformation of all commercial and industrial companies in Shanghai. The funeral business companies represented a small sector, yet one that had great significance in everyday life. The CCP sought to control the private funeral companies almost as soon as it took over the city. The new authorities envisioned a radical transformation of the whole funeral business. While they exhibited remarkable efficiency in conducting the process of progressive elimination of many companies and placing the whole funeral business under strict guidance, the 'socialist transformation' resulted in a system riddled with inefficiency, mismanagement and mistrust. The CCP built on the experience it had acquired previously, but with Shanghai it also needed to adapt to the challenge of managing a large and complex metropolis. I argue that the CCP successfully enlisted the trade associations to implement its policy through means of ideological dominance, persuasion techniques, threat and sheer coercion. The short but strong protest of the former managers of companies during the Hundred Flowers Movement made visible the powerful political machine that drove their companies into public-private joint management, then full socialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]