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Electronics, Electronique, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (incluant le cvd activé par plasma, mocvd, etc.), Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced cvd, mocvd, etc.), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Dispositifs optoélectroniques, Optoelectronic devices, Energie, Energy, Energie naturelle, Natural energy, Energie solaire, Solar energy, Conversion photovoltaïque, Photovoltaic conversion, Cellules solaires. Cellules photoélectrochimiques, Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dispositif optoélectronique, Optoelectronic device, Dispositivo optoelectrónico, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Cellule solaire silicium, Silicon solar cells, Cellule solaire, Solar cell, Célula solar, Conversion énergie, Energy conversion, Conversión energética, Dépôt chimique phase vapeur, Chemical vapor deposition, Depósito químico fase vapor, Chemisches Aufdampfen, Fabrication microélectronique, Microelectronic fabrication, Fabricación microeléctrica, Facteur réflexion, Reflectance, Coeficiente reflexión, Reflexionsfaktor, Gravure, Engraving, Grabado, Indice réfraction, Refraction index, Indice refracción, Brechungsindex, Méthode PECVD, PECVD, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Nitrure de silicium, Silicon nitride, Silicio nitruro, Siliciumnitrid, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Oberflaecheneigenschaft, Revêtement antiréfléchissant, Antireflection coating, Revestimiento antirreflexión, Silicium, Silicon, Silicio, Structure surface, Surface structure, Estructura superficie, Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit, Taux conversion, Conversion rate, Factor conversión, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 4279W, 8115G, 8460J, 8540H, Black silicon, Nano, Reflectivity, and Refractive index

Anti-reflective (AR) coatings are a critical component of a commercially viable solar cell because by lowering reflection from the surface of the cell they enable more light to be absorbed and hence improve the power conversion efficiency of the cell. Silicon solar cells represent > 80% of present commercial cells and the most common AR coating is PECVD silicon nitride; however, recently, black silicon (b-Si) surfaces have been proposed as an alternative. Black silicon is a surface modification of silicon in which a nanoscale surface structure is formed through etching. Due to the continuous change of the refractive index of this structure surfaces with very low reflectivities are observed (~1%). This review summarizes the recent and substantial developments of black silicon for use in solar cells and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of fabrication.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Acier non allié, Carbon steels, Adhérence, Adhesion, Dépôt conversion, Conversion coating, Depósito conversión, Fer, Iron, Microscopie force atomique, Atomic force microscopy, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Métal transition, Transition elements, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Zirconium, Fe, Zr, AFM, Cathodic disbonding, EIS, FE-SEM, and Zirconium conversion coating

The effect of zirconium-based surface treatment on the cathodic disbonding resistance and adhesion performance of an epoxy coated mild steel substrate was investigated. The obtained data from pull-off, cathodic disbonding test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that the zirconium conversion layer significantly improved the adhesion strength and cathodic disbonding resistance of the epoxy coating. This may be attributed to formation of some polar zirconium compounds on the surface and increment of surface roughness, that were evident in the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Europium, Lanthanide, Rare earths, Luminescence, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticles, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Eu, Dibenzoylmethane, Europium fluoride, Phenanthroline, and Surface modification

Reaction between Eu(NO3)3 and NH4F in aqueous media was applied to produce EuF3 doughnut-like aggregates with a diameter of 200-500 nm and thickness of 50-150 nm composed of nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 16 nm. The impregnation, sorption and mechanochemical treatment were used for surface modification of EuF3 doughnut-like particles with 1,10-phenanthroline and sodium dibenzoylmethanate which are sensitizing ligands for Eu3+ luminescence. The data of transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy have proved that the organic ligands are coordinated to surface Eu3+ ions, forming surface complexes. The surface modification of the EuF3 nanoparticles with sodium dibenzoylmethanate and 1,10-phenanthroline leads to increase in the luminescence intensity at 612 nm (5D0 → 7F2 transition) in comparison with the luminescence intensity of the unmodified EuF3 nanoparticles. Energy transfer from the ligand to Eu3+ ion in the surface complexes makes a main contribution to this effect.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Electrodes: préparations et propriétés, Electrodes: preparations and properties, Batterie lithium, Lithium battery, Cathode, Cátodo, Couche superficielle, Surface layer, Capa superficial, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Oxyde, Oxides, Óxido, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spinelles, Spinels, Espinelas, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Transfert charge, Charge transfer, Transferencia carga, Cathode materials, Lithium-ion battery, Spinel-like structure, and Surface modification

Li1.375Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ exhibits an obviously enhanced electrochemical performance after AlF3 surface modification, including the high initial discharge capacities of 276.8 mA h g―1 and high coulombic efficiency of 93.6%. The results from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and galvanostatical test confirm that its electrochemical improvement can be mainly attributed to the appearance of spinel-like structure on the surface of the layered material induced by AlF3-modified. Moreover, the reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct) during cycling contributes to a better cycle stability of AIF3-modified Li1.375Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Théorie et modèles de la croissance de films, Theory and models of film growth, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Appareillage électronique et fabrication. Composants passifs, circuits imprimés, connectique, Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics, Alcool, Alcohols, Alumine, Alumina, Boehmite, Boehmita, Capacité électrique, Capacitance, Condensateur, Capacitors, Couche barrière, Barrier layer, Couche mince, Thin films, Cristallisation, Crystallization, Diffraction RX, XRD, Ethane-«1,2»-diol, Ethylene glycol, Mesure capacité électrique, Capacitance measurement, Morphologie surface, Surface morphology, Mécanisme croissance, Growth mechanism, Mecanismo crecimiento, Propriété diélectrique, Dielectric properties, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, 6855A, 6855J, 8115A, 8432T, Al2O3, Substrat Aluminium, Anodic alumina, Dielectric, and Surface treatment

Hydrous films were grown on high purity and cubicity Al foils for electrolytic capacitors in deionized water, ethylene glycol-deionized water and glycerol-deionized water at different immersion times. According to X-ray diffraction patterns the hydration treatment allowed growing a pseudo boehmite layer on Al surface whose morphology is appreciably affected by the bath composition. Capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemical findings suggest that a more compact barrier layer forms during the immersion in alcohol containing solutions. The hydration in water allowed saving energy and preparing more blocking oxide films. The beneficial effect of hydration in hot water on the specific capacitance was evidenced only for films formed at 300 V due to the crystallization of amorphous alumina in γ'-Al2O3.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Alliage base titane, Titanium base alloys, Aluminium alliage, Aluminium alloy, Aluminio aleación, Aluminiumlegierung, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Oberflaecheneigenschaft, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Vanadium alliage, Vanadium alloy, Vanadio aleación, and Vanadiumlegierung

In this research, the effect of various surface treatments including laser processing, grit blasting and anodizing on chemical structure, surface topography, and bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. Six groups of samples were prepared by a combination of two alternative laser processes, grit blasting and anodizing. Selected samples were first evaluated using microanalysis techniques and contact roughness testing and were then exposed to in vitro environment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the corresponding final surface morphologies. Weight measurement and atomic absorption tests were employed for determination of bioactivity limits of different surface conditions. Based on the data obtained in this study, low-energy laser processing generally yields a better biological response. The maximum bioactivity was attained in those samples exposed to a three step treatment including low-energy laser treatment followed by grit blasting and anodizing.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Acier haute résistance, High strength steel, Acero alta resistencia, Hochfester Stahl, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Festigkeit, Spectrométrie photoélectron, Photoelectron spectrometry, Espectrometría fotoelectrón, ESCA Spektrometrie, Structure cristalline, Crystalline structure, Estructura cristalina, Kristallstruktur, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Zingage immersion, Hot dip galvanizing, Galvanización con cinc sumergido, Feuerverzinken, Amorphous oxides, Crystalline oxides, Steel, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Annealing of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) grades often results in surfaces being fully covered by oxides due to alloying elements which diffuse to the steel surface during annealing and which are oxidized there by residual oxygen from the furnace atmosphere. However, these surface oxides tend to significantly hamper the hot-dip galvanizability and are therefore repeatedly under investigation with respect to their morphology and chemical composition for an optimization of the overall galvanizing performance. In the present work two different kinds of AHSS grades are analysed in detail by scanning electron microscopy as well as by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the formed surface oxides, clearly revealing that it is not only the chemical composition of the oxides influencing their morphology and structure: the oxidation potential of the annealing atmosphere is found to have a significant impact on the surface oxide characteristics, namely the degree of crystallinity, as well. Consequently, these findings can be used to improve the galvanizability of a steel grade by changing the surface oxide morphology.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Radiotherapie. Traitement instrumental. Physiotherapie. Reeducation. Readaptation, orthophonie, crenotherapie. Traitement dietetique et traitements divers (generalites), Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects), Technologie. Biomatériaux. Equipements. Matériel. Appareillage, Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments. Material. Instrumentation, Apatite hydroxylée, Hydroxyapatite, Hidroxiapatito, Biocompatibilité, Biocompatibility, Biocompatibilidad, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Essai rayage, Scratching test, Ensayo al rayado, Frittage, Sintering, Sinterización, Haute température, High temperature, Alta temperatura, Implant, Implante, Magnésium alliage, Magnesium alloy, Magnesio aleación, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Propriété électrochimique, Electrochemical properties, Propiedad electroquímica, Revêtement composite, Composite coating, Revestimiento compuesto, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vitesse corrosion, Corrosion rate, Velocidad corrosión, Anodisation par plasma, Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Bio-composite coating, Biodegradability, Bonding strength, and Micro-arc oxidation

Magnesium alloys have been used as biodegradable implants in load bearing applications due to their biodegradability and excellent mechanical properties. However, the rapid corrosion rate still needs to be improved by surface modification, and so does the biocompatibility according to clinical demands for bone implants. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of applying a bio-composite coating on magnesium alloy by adding HA particles in electrolyte during MAO process (MAO-HA). The results suggested that HA particles took part in MAO process, getting decomposed into Ca3(PO4)2 under a high temperature caused by the intense micro-arc discharge generated at high applied voltage. In the meantime, synthesis of Mg3(PO4)2 was promoted under the high temperature. The sintering-caused phases Ca3(PO4)2 and Mg3(PO4)2 combined with HA composed the bioactive coating. Testified by scratch test, electrochemical test and short-term immersion test, the composite coating showed high bonding strength and improved corrosion resistance owning to the sintering-caused products sealed partial pores of the MAO coating. Therefore, this study indicated that the bio-composite coating obtained by MAO-HA process may be suitable for synthesizing promising bone implant materials in clinical application.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Traitements de surface, Surface treatments, Abrasion, Agent surface non ionique, Nonionic surfactants, Complexe de cuivre, Copper complexes, Composé du cuivre, Copper compounds, Couche barrière, Barrier layer, Couche mince, Thin films, Cuivre, Copper, Dissolution, Effet concentration, Quantity ratio, Matériau poreux, Porous materials, Polissage chimique, Chemical polishing, Polissage mécanochimique, Chemical mechanical polishing, Ruthénium, Ruthenium, Synergie, Synergism, Sélectivité, Selectivity, Selectividad, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Vitesse gravure, Etching rate, Velocidad grabado, Substrat cuivre, Benzotriazole, Copper chemical mechanical polishing, Non-ionic surfactant, and Potassium periodate

Ruthenium will be integrated into copper interconnects as a barrier layer in the near future. During the chemical mechanical polishing process of the ruthenium barrier layer, copper polishing performance with barrier slurries is crucial to microchips' final performance. This paper mainly studies the synergetic effect of benzotriazole (BTA) and non-ionic surfactant on copper polishing performance using KIO4-based barrier slurries. The results show that, the copper removal rate (RR) and static etching rate increase with increasing concentration of KIO4 due to the increasing proportion of the Cu-periodate and Cu-iodate compounds like Cu(IO4)2 and Cu(IO3)2 of the passivating film on the copper surface; the added BTA can further enhance the copper RR instead of suppressing it probably due to the formation of incomplete Cu-BTA thin film. It is demonstrated that the combination of BTA and non-ionic surfactant exhibits excellent performance in suppressing the copper RR to about 200 Å/min, realizing satisfactory copper surface quality and achieving desirable material removal rate selectivity among copper, ruthenium and low-κ dielectrics. The synergetic passivation mechanism of BTA and non-ionic surfactant on the copper surface was investigated. It is proposed that in the presence of KIO4 as an oxidizer, the added BTA and non-ionic surfactant can form a porous passivating film on the copper surface which is mainly composed of the Cu―BTA complex, the adsorbed non-ionic surfactant and the leftover insoluble copper compounds like Cu(IO4)2 and Cu(IO3)2, and then the hydrophobic polypropylene oxide segments of non-ionic surfactant can be effectively absorbed on the hydrophobic Cu-BTA complex as a supplement. The above two parts are integrated into a complete passivating film to protect the copper surface from chemical dissolution and excessive mechanical abrasion.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Condensateur, Capacitors, Etat liquide, Liquid state, Estado líquido, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Capacitor, Electrochemical analysis, Ionic liquids, Reduced graphene oxide, and Surface modification

In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/ionic liquids (IL) composites with different weight ratios of IL to rGO were synthesized by a simple method. In these composites, IL contributed to the exfoliation of rGO sheets and to the improvement of the electrochemical properties of the resulting composites by enhancing the ion diffusion and charge transport. The structure of the composites was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The TEM images showed that IL was coated on the surface of rGO in a translucent manner. The electrochemical analysis of the prepared composites was carried out by performing cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge―discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among the prepared composites, the one with a weight ratio of rGO to IL of 1:7 showed the highest specific capacitance of 147.5 F g―1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s―1. In addition, the rate capability and cycle performance of the composites were enhanced compared to pristine rGO. These enhanced properties make the composites suitable as electrode materials for the better performance supercapacitors.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Adhérence, Adhesion, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Structure polymère, Polymer structure, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Bio-inspired adhesives, Gecko, Hydrophilic, Microfibrillar structures, and Surface treatment

The effects of altering the polymer surface characteristics on adhesion qualities of bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives were found to be significant. Treatment of fibril tip surfaces in polymer fibrillar adhesives improved their wettability and adhesion capacity. Surface modifications of fibril tips involved UV/Ozone and oxygen plasma treatments for making the fibril tips more hydrophilic. These surface treatment effects, however, tend to degrade over time (rendering hydrophobic recovery). The stability of treated (hydrophilic) surfaces was improved, while retaining their wettability, through coating with a polyelectrolyte such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) via self-assembly.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Précipitation, Precipitation, Precipitación, Ausscheidung, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Alloys, and Aluminum

It is well known that solid-state precipitation forms an important microstructural component of many engineering alloys and is used to help control the bulk mechanical properties. In this contribution, a thermal treatment process is introduced that can induce solid-state precipitation also on the surfaces of engineering alloys, resulting in patterned surfaces. The process requires only thermal treatments and could be integrated into existing thermal or thermomechanical processing schedules for engineering alloys—as a consequence, one of the advantages over existing surface treatment processes is that it is comparatively cheap. Three Al―Si-based alloys are used to demonstrate the key features of the surface precipitation process. Surface area coverage of 30% of Si particles, Si(Ge) core―shell particles, and Mg2Si particles on Al-Si, Al―Si―Ge and AA6061 alloys, respectively, are demonstrated. The kinetics of surface precipitation are studied using in situ hot-stage optical microscopy. The surface precipitation process brings together aspects of surface science and physical metallurgy and represents a fertile field for collaboration between these disciplines and for the investigation of surface precipitation, as a potential future surface treatment. The ability to cheaply pattern the surfaces of engineering alloys with compounds that may themselves exhibit interesting functional properties highlights an opportunity for alloy designers and functional materials researchers to collaborate for the long-term goal of functionalizing structural engineering alloys.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Matériaux particuliers, Specific materials, Verres (incluant les verres métalliques), Glasses (including metallic glasses), Méthodes de croissance cristalline; physique de la croissance cristalline, Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, Croissance en solution, Growth from solutions, Traitements de surface, Surface treatments, Acide benzoïque, Benzoic acid, Angle contact, Contact angle, Anticorps, Antibodies, Composé benzylique, Benzylic compound, Compuesto benzílico, Couche multimoléculaire, Multilayer, Capa multimolecular, Croissance cristalline en solution, Crystal growth from solutions, Degré recouvrement, Coverage rate, Grado recubrimiento, Effet rayonnement, Radiation effects, Ester, Esters, Fonctionnalisation, Functionalization, Funciónalización, Immobilisation, Immobilization, Modification chimique, Chemical modification, Modificación química, Multicouche, Multilayers, Photochimie, Photochemistry, Rayonnement UV, Ultraviolet radiation, Réflexion totale atténuée, Attenuated total reflection, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solutions, Spectre SIMS, Secondary ion mass spectra, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie FTIR, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría FTIR, Spectrométrie SIMS, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Espectrometría SIMS, Spectrométrie masse temps vol, Time of flight mass spectroscopy, Spectrométrie transformée Fourier, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Transformation Fourier, Fourier transformation, Verre, Glass, 8105K, 8110D, Benzylamine, Substrat verre, Azide photochemistry, Chalcogenide glass, FTIR-ATR detection, and Surface modification

Arylazide derivatives have been used for the surface functionalization of chalcogenide glasses. These compounds are photografted by a deposition step followed by an irradiation step under UV light. Two photosensitive molecules were studied: the so-called molecular clip which is a phenylazide moiety linked via a propylene chain to a succinimidyl ester (4), and the perfluoro-4-azido-1-benzoic acid coupled to a hexaethyleneglycol chain (3). Two approaches have been considered: the indirect approach that consists in the binding of the azido compound onto a primary organic layer (made of the PEGylated molecules 1 and 2) previously deposited on the glass surface, and the direct approach that is the reaction of the azido compound directly with the native glass surface. After photografting, the samples were analyzed by water contact angle measurement (θw) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The molecular clip 4 binds strongly to the surface and also forms multilayers by intermolecular linkages, either in the direct or the indirect approach. According to the θw values, the perfluorophenylazide 3 reacts weakly with the surface; however, the ToF-SIMS spectra confirm the presence of photografted molecules. In this case, intermolecular reactions are highly favored and therefore responsible of the poor surface coverage. The binding of 4 leads to a reactive surface, functionalized by succinimidyl ester groups, the surface reactivity of which has been assayed by coupling 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine, followed by XPS analysis. An ATR (attenuated total reflection) prism has been functionalized as above and used for the immobilization of an insulin specific antibody. This device allowed the detection of insulin in an aqueous solution by FTIR (Fourier transform infra-red) spectroscopy.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Effet physique rayonnement, Physical radiation effects, Faisceau électron, Electron beams, Microstructure, Rugosité, Roughness, Surface contact, Contact surface, Superficie contacto, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Continuous electron beam process, Irradiation, Surface contact angle, and Surface roughness

The finishing process is an important component of the quality-control procedure for final products in manufacturing applications. In this study, we evaluated the performance of continuous electron-beam process as the final process for finishing SM20C (steel alloy), SUS303 (stainless steel alloy), and A16061 (aluminum alloy) surfaces both on the initially smooth and rough surfaces. Surface modification of the metals was carried out by varying the feed and frequency of the continuous electron-beam irradiation procedure. The resulting surface roughness was examined with respect to the initial surface roughness of the metals. SM20C and SUS303 experienced an improvement in surface roughness, particularly for initially rough surfaces. Continuous electron-beam process produced craters during the process and the effect of this phenomenon on the resulting surface roughness was relatively large with the initially smooth SM20C and SUS303 alloy surfaces. For A16061, the continuous electron-beam process was effective at improving its surface roughness even with the initially smooth surface under the optimized conditions of process; this was attributed to its low melting point. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify metallurgical variation within the thin melted and re-solidification layers of the tested alloys. Changes in the surface contact angle and hardness before and after electron-beam irradiation were also examined.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Diagrammes de phases et microstructures développées par solidification et par transformations de phases solide-solide, Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations, Solidification, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dopage, Doping, Dopen, Microscopie tunnel balayage, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticles, Oxyde de titane, Titanium oxide, Titanio óxido, Titanoxid, Procédé sol gel, Sol-gel process, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, La-doping, Optical spectroscopy, Photocatalysis, STM/STS, and TiO2 nanopowder

The influence of La-doping in the range of 0.5-6.0 mol% on structural and morphological properties of TiO2 nanopowders synthesized by sol-gel routine has been investigated by XRPD, AFM, EDS and BET measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy. The XRPD and Raman measurements have revealed the anatase phase as dominant in all nanopowders, with crystallite size decreasing from ~15 nm in pure TiO2 to ~12 nm in La-doped samples. The BET data suggest that all samples are fully mesoporous, with mean pore diameters in the range of ~6-8 nm. The specific surface area and the complexity of pore structure are greater in doped samples than in pure TiO2 sample. The spectroscopic ellipsometry has apparently shown that the band gap has been gradually increased with the increase of La content. The STM and STS techniques have been used successfully to evaluate the surface morphology and electronic properties of La-doped nanopowders. All investigated properties have been related to photocatalytic activity, tested in degradation of a metoprolol tartrate salt (0.05 mM), and induced by UV-radiation. All doped samples showed increased photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO2, among which the 0.65 mol% La-doped sample appeared to be the most efficient.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Aluminium, Laser pulsé, Pulsed lasers, Microdureté, Microhardness, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Al, Laser texturing, SEM, Surface modifications, Thermal spraying, and XPS

Laser cleaning technology provides a safe, environmentally friendly and very cost effective way to improve cleaning and surface preparation of metallic materials. Compared with efficient cleaning processes, it can avoid the disadvantages of ductile materials prepared by conventional technologies (cracks induced by sand-blasting for example) and treat only some selected areas (due to the optical fibers). By this way, laser technology could have several advantages and expand the range of thermal spraying. Moreover, new generations of lasers (fiber laser, disc laser) allow the development of new methods. Besides a significant bulk reduction, no maintenance, low operating cost, laser fibers can introduce alternative treatments. Combining a short-pulse laser with a scanner allows new applications in terms of surface preparation. By multiplying impacts using scanning laser, it is possible to shape the substrate surface to improve the coating adhesion as well as the mechanical behaviour. In addition, during the interactions of the laser beam with metallic surfaces, several modifications can be induced and particularly thermal effects. Indeed, under ambient conditions, a limited oxidation of the clean surface can occur. This phenomenon has been investigated in detail for silicon but few works have been reported concerning metallic materials. This paper aims at studying the surface modifications induced on aluminium alloy substrates after laser texturing. After morphological observations (SEM), a deeper surface analysis will be performed using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measures and microhardness testing.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Composé de lanthanide, Rare earth compounds, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Lithium, Oxyde de cérium, Cerium oxide, Cerio óxido, Spinelles, Spinels, Synthèse hydrothermale, Hydrothermal synthesis, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Ce O, CeO2, Li, CeO2-coated, Lithium adsorption, Ultrasonic treatment, and λ-MnO2 ion-sieve

Spinel X-MnO2 ion-sieves are promising materials because of their high selectivity toward lithium ions, and this can be applied to the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries. However, manganese dissolution loss during the delithiation of LiMn2O4 causes a decrease in adsorption capacity and poor cycling stability for these ion-sieves. To improve the lithium adsorption properties of λ-MnO2 ion-sieves, surface modification with a CeO2 coating was studied using hydrothermal-heterogeneous nucleation. The structure, morphology and composition of the synthesized materials were determined by XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS. The effect of hydrothermal synthesis conditions and the amount of CeO2 coating on the adsorption performance of λ-MnO2 were also investigated. A 0.5 wt.%CeO2-coated ion-sieve was synthesized by heating at 120 °C for 3 h and it had better adsorption properties than the bare samples. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the lithium extraction ratio from LiMn2O4 upon acid treatment at various temperatures was studied and the results were compared with conventional mechanical stirring. We found that ultrasonic treatment at lower temperature gave almost the same maximum lithium extraction ratio and was more efficient and economic.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Energie surface, Surface energy, Facteur réflexion, Reflectivity, Mouillage, Wetting, Ozone, Spectre IR, Infrared spectra, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectre transformée Fourier, Fourier transform spectra, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Transformation Fourier, Fourier transformation, Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (AT-FTIR), Dielectric barrier discharge, Surface modification, UV-ozone, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and μPlasma printing

In this study, we investigated the effect of UV-ozone and μPlasma printing on surface modification of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The effects on the wetting behaviour was studied, in terms of surface energy and chemical modification of the treated substrate, by analysis of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both UV-ozone and μPlasma printing are effective ways to modify the wettability of both polymer substrates, substantially increasing the wetting envelope after a short treatment period. This increase is primarily due to an increase of the polar part of the surface energy. This is confirmed by ATR-FTIR and XPS, which show the formation of oxygen containing groups as well as a decrease in the aromatic C—C bonds on the surface of the substrate due to the treatment. For both types of surface treatment, prolonged exposure showed no further increase in wettability, although continuous change in chemical composition of the surface was measured. This effect is more evident for UV-ozone treatment, as a larger increase in O/C ratio of the surface was measured as compared to μPlasma printing. It can be concluded that μPlasma printing results in a more chemically selective modification as compared to UV-ozone. In the case that chemical selectivity and treatment time are considered important, μPlasma printing is favourable over UV-ozone.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Hyperfréquence, Microwave radiation, Métal transition, Transition elements, Titane, Titanium, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, Ti, Epoxy resin, Microwave-assisted ball milling, Surface modification, and Titanium hydride

Surface modification of titanium hydride with epoxy resin was carried out via microwave-assisted ball milling and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo-gravimetry (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). A sedimentation test was performed to investigate the compatibility of the modified nano titanium hydride with the epoxy resin. The results show that the epoxy resin molecules were grafted on the surface of nano titanium hydride particles during the microwave-assisted ball milling process, which led to the improvement of compatibility between the nanoparticles and epoxy resin. According to the FT-IR, the grafting site was likely to be located around the epoxy group due to the fact that the epoxy ring was opened. However, compared with microwave-assisted ball milling, the conventional ball milling could not realize the surface modification, indicating that the coupling effect of mechanical force and microwave played a key role during the process.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Hélium, Helium, Métal transition, Transition elements, Nanostructure, Nanostructures, Titane, Titanium, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, He, Ti, Helium plasma, and Plasma surface modification

Helium plasma irradiation to metals could be a potential novel surface modification method in nanoscale. In this study, systematic helium plasma irradiations to titanium were conducted in low ion energy (<100 eV) and high fluence (>1025 m-2) regime. From the surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, various types of morphology changes, i.e. nanocone, pinhole, porous structure, and rough surfaces, were identified. The experimental conditions that control the various morphology changes are revealed from the aspect of the incident ion energy and the surface temperature. Based on the observations, it is thought that helium bubble growth, surface diffusion, and physical sputtering played important roles for the morphology change.