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Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Stabilité thermique; effets thermiques, Thermal stability; thermal effects, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Depôt par pulvérisation cathodique, Deposition by sputtering, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Electrodes: préparations et propriétés, Electrodes: preparations and properties, Activité biologique, Biological activity, Actividad biológica, Analyse diffraction RX, X-ray diffraction analysis, Angle incidence, Incidence angle, Application médicale, Medical application, Aplicación medical, Argent, Silver, Couche mince métallique, Metallic thin films, Couche mince, Thin films, Cuivre, Copper, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Dépôt pulvérisation, Sputter deposition, Escherichia coli, Etat surface, Surface states, Logiciel, Computer software, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Morphologie, Morphology, Mécanisme croissance, Growth mechanism, Mecanismo crecimiento, Pastille électronique, Wafers, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propriété électrochimique, Electrochemical properties, Propiedad electroquímica, Pulvérisation cathodique, Cathode sputtering, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Revêtement, Coatings, Rugosité, Roughness, Traitement image, Image processing, Transition vitreuse, Glass transition, Verre métallique, Metallic glasses, 6860B, 6860D, 8115C, 8245M, Substrat acier inoxydable, Substrat silicium, Amorphorization, Antimicrobe, Metallic glass, and Thin film

Metallic glass as a prominent class of structure and multifunctional materials exhibits several unique properties in mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal properties. This study aimed to realize the advantage of biomedical application and to promote the attainable size of metallic glasses by the physical vapor deposition. The Zr―Cu―Al― Ag thin film metallic glass (TFMG) was deposited on silicon wafer and SUS304 stainless steel substrates by magnetron sputtering with single target. For X-ray diffraction analysis, all TFMGs revealed typical broad peaks around the incident angle of 30 to 50°, suggesting that coatings possess amorphous structure. In addition, diffuse halo ring patterns of transmission electron microscopy indicated a fine amorphorization for TFMG via sputtering process. The variation of surface roughness showed that TFMG derived from higher power of metallic targets revealed rougher morphology. Besides, the roughness of SUS304 stainless steel substrate significantly reduced from 7 nm to about 1 nm after TFMGs were deposited. The microbes of Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used and cultivated on the TFMG coatings with medium to investigate the antimicrobial properties. In the incubation experiment, the growth of each microbe was recorded by a digital photography system and the growth area was calculated by image processing software. The growth area of the microbes on the TFMG was mostly smaller than that on SUS304 stainless steel ones within incubation time of 72 h, indicating that the TFMGs reveal better antimicrobial capability. Moreover, the coatings exhibit a particularly long-term antimicrobial effect for P. aeruginosa. In summary, the Zr―Cu―Al―Ag prepared by sputtering with a single target device presented superior glass forming ability, and coatings with copper and silver constituents revealed significantly antimicrobial properties. Besides, the surface roughness is another factor to affect the biological activities, suggesting that microbes are difficult to attach and move on an ultra-smooth surface. It is demonstrated in this study that the TFMGs extend attainable size of the metallic glass and show a potential application in medical related field.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Electrodes: préparations et propriétés, Electrodes: preparations and properties, Batterie lithium, Lithium battery, Cathode, Cátodo, Couche superficielle, Surface layer, Capa superficial, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Oxyde, Oxides, Óxido, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spinelles, Spinels, Espinelas, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Transfert charge, Charge transfer, Transferencia carga, Cathode materials, Lithium-ion battery, Spinel-like structure, and Surface modification

Li1.375Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ exhibits an obviously enhanced electrochemical performance after AlF3 surface modification, including the high initial discharge capacities of 276.8 mA h g―1 and high coulombic efficiency of 93.6%. The results from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and galvanostatical test confirm that its electrochemical improvement can be mainly attributed to the appearance of spinel-like structure on the surface of the layered material induced by AlF3-modified. Moreover, the reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct) during cycling contributes to a better cycle stability of AIF3-modified Li1.375Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Anodisation, Anodizing, Anodización, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Matériau nanoporeux, Nanoporous materials, Microstructure, Microestructura, Morphologie surface, Surface morphology, Oxyde de titane, Titanium oxide, Titanio óxido, Photocatalyse, Photocatalysis, Fotocatálisis, Rayonnement UV, Ultraviolet radiation, Radiación ultravioleta, Recuit, Annealing, Recocido, TiO2, Anodization parameters, Nanoporous TiO2, and Photocatalytic activity

In this work, nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers were successfully formed by electrochemical anodization method on titanium (Ti) surface in fluorine containing electrolytes with different processing parameters. The effects of anodization voltages, electrolyte temperature and anodization time on the microstructure and photocatalytic performance of nanoporous TiO2 layers were investigated and compared in details. Nanoporous structures were annealed at 480 °C for 2 h in air in order to obtain anatase transformation and increase crystallinity. The phase structure and surface morphology of the samples characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. The photocatalytic activity tests of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) solutions under UV light illumination for different periods of time. The results showed that the processing parameters on production of nanoporous TiO2 layers played important roles in the degradation of aqueous MB solutions. To sum up, the highest photocatalytical activity was obtained at the sample anodized under 30 V for 30 min at 20 °C among the samples.

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Assemblage et découpage thermique: aspects métallurgiques, Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects, Brasage, Brazing. Soldering, Alliage base étain, Tin base alloys, Brasage tendre, Soldering, Soldeo blando, Weichloeten, Conductivité thermique, Thermal conductivity, Conductividad térmica, Waermeleitfaehigkeit, Produit apport brasage tendre, Solder, Producto aportación soldadura blanda, Weichlot, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, and Temperatur

The variations of thermal conductivity with temperature in the Sn-based lead-free binary solders, Sn-10 wt pct X (X = Ag, In, Bi, Cu, Sb, Zn), were measured by using the linear heat flow apparatus. The thermal conductivities of Sn-based lead-free solders at their melting temperature were obtained from graphs of thermal conductivity variation with temperature. The variations of electrical conductivity with temperature for same solders were also determined from the Wiedemann-Franz (W-F) equation by using the measured values of thermal conductivity.

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Ferrite, Ferrita, Ferrit, Mécanisme formation, Formation mechanism, and Mecanismo formacion

Silico-ferrite of calcium (SFC) is a significant equilibrium crystalline phase in the Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 (FCS) ternary system and a key bonding phase in the sintering process of fine iron ore. In this work, the formation process of SFC from binary calcium ferrite has been determined by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were carried out under air at 1473 K (1200 °C) by adding SiO2 and Fe2O3 into CaO·Fe2O3 (CF). It was found that the formation of SFC is dominated by solid-state reactions in the FCS ternary system, in which Fe2O3 reacts with CaO·Fe2O3 to form the binary calcium ferrite phase. The chemical composition of binary calcium ferrite is Ca2.5Fe15.5O25 and approximately Ca2Fe12O20 (CaO·3Fe2O3). Then Si4+ and Ca2+ ions take the place of Fe3+ ion in preference located on the octahedral layers which belongs to (0 0 18) plane of binary calcium ferrite. The crystal structure of binary calcium ferrite gradually transforms from orthorhombic to triclinic, and the grain is refined with the addition of silica due to the smaller radius of Si4+ ion. A solid solution SFC forms completely when the content of SiO2 reaches approximately 3.37 wt pct at 1473 K (1200 °C).

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Coke, Coque, Koks, Elaboration fonte, Pig iron manufacture, Elaboración fundición, Roheisenherstellung, Haut fourneau, Blast furnace, Alto horno, and Hochofen

Investigations were carried out on cokes heat treated in the laboratory and on cokes extracted from the experimental blast furnace (EBF) raceway and hearth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to investigate changes in structural order (Lc), chemical transformations in coke ash along with comparative thermodynamic equilibrium studies and the influence of melt. Three data processing approaches were used to compute Lc values as a function of temperature and time and linear correlations were established between Lc and heat treatment temperatures during laboratory investigations. These were used to estimate temperatures experienced by coke in various regions of EBF and estimated raceway temperatures were seen to follow the profile of combustion peak. The MgAl2O4 spinel was observed in coke submerged in slag during laboratory studies and in cokes found further into the raceway. Coke in contact with hot metal showed XRD peaks corresponding to presence of Fe3Si. The intensity of SiO2 peak in coke ash was seen to decrease with increasing temperature and disappeared at around 1770 K (1500 °C) due to the formation of SiC. This study has shown that the evolution of structural order and chemical transformations in coke could be used to estimate its thermal history in blast furnaces.

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Composé intermétallique, Intermetallic compound, Compuesto intermetálico, Intermetallische Verbindung, Electrode, Electrodes, Electrodo, Elektrode, Eutectique, Eutectic, Eutéctico, and Eutektikum

The work presents an electrochemical study on the formation of Ni-Tb intermetallic compounds in the LiCl-KCl-TbCl3 melts on tungsten and nickel electrodes at 773 K (500 °C) by electrochemical techniques. For a tungsten electrode, cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry showed that the electrochemical reduction of Tb(III) proceeded in a one-step process involving three electrons at —2.06 V (vs Ag/AgCl). For a nickel electrode, the reduction potential of Tb(III)/Tb was observed at more positive values than those on W electrode by cyclic voltammetry, due to the formation of Ni-Tb intermetallic compounds. Square-wave voltammetry and open-circuit chronopotentiometry put into evidence the formation of intermetallic compounds at around ―1.27, ―1.63, and ―1.88 V, respectively. Three alloy samples were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis on a Ni electrode at various potentials and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph, and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The analysis results confirmed the formation of Ni17Tb2, Ni5Tb, and Ni2Tb alloy compounds.

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Cristallisation, Crystallization, Cristalización, Kristallisation, Elaboration fonte, Pig iron manufacture, Elaboración fundición, Roheisenherstellung, Haut fourneau, Blast furnace, Alto horno, Hochofen, Laitier haut fourneau, Blast furnace slag, Escoría alto horno, Hochofenschlacke, Scorie, Slag, Escoria, and Schlacke

The present paper investigates how the P2O5 addition influences the crystallization behaviors of Ti-bearing blast furnace (Ti-BF) slags with different basicity using Single Hot Thermocouple Technique. It was found that the basicity showed a significant effect on the crystallization behaviors of the Ti-BF slags, and the trend of formation of the rod-shape crystal decreased while the trend of formation of dendrite crystal increased with increasing basicity. The addition of P2O5 was found to promote the formation of rod-shape crystal. The basicity and crystallization temperature that the rod-shape crystal could be formed increased, while the incubation time of formation of the rod-shape crystal decreased with increasing P2O5 content. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope and X-ray diffraction were employed to observe the morphology and determine the crystalline phase of the Ti-enriched crystals. The results indicated that the rod-shape crystal was rutile. The kinetics of the formation of rutile was studied, and the mechanism of crystallization and growth was further discussed. The results indicated that the crystallization of rutile was one-dimensional interface-controlled growth, and the nucleation rate varied with the holding time.

Chemistry, Chimie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Assemblage et découpage thermique: aspects métallurgiques, Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects, Soudage, Welding, Composition chimique, Chemical composition, Composición química, Chemische Zusammensetzung, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Propriété chimique, Chemical properties, Propiedad química, Chemische Eigenschaft, Soudage, Welding, Soldadura, Schweissen, Zone thermiquement affectée, Heat affected zone, Zona termoafectada, and Waermeeinflusszone

The current study investigates the effect of different levels of Ti, N, and Ti/N ratios on microstructure and properties in the intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (ICCGHAZ) of two-pass submerged arc welds in API 5L grade X70 pipe. Gleeble simulation was employed to reproduce the ICCGHAZ of actual welds. Hardness and Charpy V-notch (CVN) tests were performed on the simulated samples. The microstructure of simulated ICCGHAZ was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LePera color etching technique was employed to identify and quantify the martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. Results show that the simulated ICCGHAZ exhibited extremely low toughness, but in the studied range of Ti and N, there was no correlation with Ti/N ratio. The beneficial effect of near-stoichiometric Ti/N ratio observed in coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) did not translate to ICCGHAZ. This was because of the negative effect of the blocky M-A constituent formed on prior austenite grain boundaries.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Nanomatériaux et nanostructures : fabrication et caractèrisation, Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization, Nanopoudres, Nanopowders, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Catalyseurs: préparations et propriétés, Catalysts: preparations and properties, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Chlorure de potassium, Potassium chloride, Potasio cloruro, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Décomposition thermique, Thermal decomposition, Descomposición térmica, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Microscopie électronique émission champ, Field electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica emisión campo, Microstructure, Microestructura, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Oxyde de magnésium, Magnesium oxide, Magnesio óxido, Perchlorate, Perchlorates, Perclorato, Réseau cubique, Cubic lattices, Spectrométrie FTIR, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría FTIR, Synthèse hydrothermale, Hydrothermal synthesis, MgO, Catalytic properties, Hexagonal, Hydrothermal process, Magnesium oxide nanoflakes, and Quasi-circular

The nanostructures of quasi-circular and hexagonal magnesium oxide (MgO) flakes were successfully prepared by a simple low-temperature hydrothermal reaction. The morphologies were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the nanostructures consisted of cubic-phase MgO. When ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and potassium chloride were added to the reaction system, the shapes of the synthesized products were found to transform from hexagonal to quasi-circular nanoflakes for different time scales. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated numerous hydroxyl radicals on the surface. Quasi-circular magnesia nanoflakes exhibited relatively high catalyst activity for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. The mechanism of enhanced catalyst activity was also discussed.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Argent Carbonate, Silver Carbonates, Plata Carbonato, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Paire électron trou, Electron hole pair, Par electrón hueco, Photocatalyse, Photocatalysis, Fotocatálisis, Recombinaison porteur charge, Charge carrier recombination, Recombinación portador carga, Réflexion diffuse, Diffuse reflection, Reflexión difusa, Spectre Raman, Raman spectrum, Espectro Raman, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie FTIR, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría FTIR, Spectrométrie dispersive, Dispersive spectrometry, Espectrometría dispersiva, Oxyde de graphène, Graphene oxide, Composite, GO/Ag2CO3, and Photocatalytic

Ag2CO3 coupled with graphene-oxide composites were prepared by a facile one-step synthesis. The samples were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectra. The as-prepared graphene-oxide/Ag2CO3 (GO/Ag2CO3) exhibited universally high photocatalytic activity toward typical methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was investigated by a series of radical trapping experiment. The kinetics of the GO/Ag2CO3 composites were also proposed. The result showed that GO might serve as an electron collector and a transporter to promote the separation of photoexcited electron―hole pairs and to decrease the possibility of electron and hole recombination efficiently. This work has set up a simple method for exploring the excellent GO-based photocatalysts.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Catalyseurs: préparations et propriétés, Catalysts: preparations and properties, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Aimantation, Magnetization, Imanación, Catalyse hétérogène, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catálisis heterogénea, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Cobalt Fer Oxyde Mixte, Cobalt Iron Oxides Mixed, Cobalto Hierro Óxido Mixto, Composé organique, Organic compounds, Compuesto orgánico, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Hydrogénation, Hydrogenation, Hidrogenación, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Spectre IR, Infrared spectrum, Espectro IR, Spectre UV visible, Ultraviolet visible spectrum, Espectro UV visible, Spectre absorption, Absorption spectrum, Espectro de absorción, CoFe2O4, Ferrite de cobalt, Catalytic activity, Heterogeneous catalyst, Hydrogenation reaction, and Magnetic nanomaterials

A new magnetically recyclable catalyst, CoFe2O4-APTES-Pd(0) nanocomposite, as highly effective catalysts for reduction reactions in liquid phase was fabricated and characterized. The reduction of Pd2+ was accomplished with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The chemical characterization of the product was done with X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma. It was found that the combination of CoFe2O4 and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) could give rise to structurally stable catalytic sites. Furthermore, the high magnetization CoFe2O4-APTES-Pd(0) catalyst can be recovered by magnet and reused for ten runs for hydrogenation reaction of 4-nitro aniline, 1,3 dinitro and cyclohexanone. The catalyst was easily isolated from the reaction mixture by a magnetic bar and reused at least 10 times without significant degradation in the activity which shows the indicative of a potential applications of these catalysts in industry.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Physicochimie de surface, Surface physical chemistry, Adsorption, Adsorción, Aimantation, Magnetization, Imanación, Epaisseur, Thickness, Espesor, Matériau poreux, Porous material, Material poroso, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mésoporosité, Mesoporosity, Mesoporosidad, Silicate de magnésium, Magnesium silicate, Magnesio silicato, Traitement eau, Water treatment, Tratamiento agua, and Yolk-shell

Yolk-shell structures have attracted intensive interest owing to their unique structure and promising applications in various fields. In this study, we report a facile, effective route to prepare tubular/spindle mesoporous yolk-shell magnetic magnesium silicate. The yolk morphology and shell thickness can be readily tunable by varying the experimental conditions. The as-synthesized products have large specific surface and unique mesoporous structure. The adsorption capacities of tubular and spindle mesoporous yolk-shell magnetic magnesium silicate for methylene blue are 188 and 141 mg/g, respectively.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Photocatalyse, Photocatalysis, Fotocatálisis, Réflexion diffuse, Diffuse reflection, Reflexión difusa, Spectre UV visible, Ultraviolet visible spectrum, Espectro UV visible, Spectrométrie dispersive, Dispersive spectrometry, Espectrometría dispersiva, Methylene blue, Nanostructured Cd4GeS6, Photocatalysts, Photocatalytic degradation, and Visible-light-driven

This study reports a simple thiourea reduction method to prepare nanostructured Cd4GeS6 with direct band gap. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV―Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV―Vis). The photocatalytic activity of the Cd4GeS6 was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous under visible light irradiation. The enhanced activities of Cd4GeS6 can be attributed to the direct band gap and large surface area, which is favorable for degradation of reactants, enhancement of photo-adsorption and transfer of photogenerated carriers.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Physicochimie de surface, Surface physical chemistry, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Colorant organique, Organic dye, Colorante orgánico, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Hydroxyde de zinc, Zinc hydroxide, Zinc hidróxido, Hyperfréquence, Microwave, Hiperfrecuencia, Isotherme adsorption, Adsorption isotherm, Isotermo adsorción, Matériau poreux, Porous material, Material poroso, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Spectrométrie FTIR, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría FTIR, Synthèse chimique, Chemical synthesis, Síntesis química, Synthèse combustion, Combustion synthesis, Nanostructured materials, Scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction

Zinc aluminum hydroxide (ZAH) as a porous adsorbent was synthesized using microwave assisted combustion method and its dye removal ability from single and binary systems was studied. The ZAH characteristics were investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Acid Blue 92(AB92), Acid Red 14 (AR14), and Direct Red 23 (DR23) were used. The effect of ZAH dosage and initial dye concentration on dye removal was investigated. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic was evaluated. The capacity of ZAH to remove AB92, AR14, and DR23 was 95 mg/g, 84 mg/g and 75 mg/g, respectively. Dye removal fitted with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order kinetics.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Electrodépôt, Electrodeposition, electroplating, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Electrodes: préparations et propriétés, Electrodes: preparations and properties, Anode, Anodes, Batterie lithium, Lithium battery, Dépôt électrolytique, Electrodeposition, Matériau poreux, Porous materials, Microscopie électronique balayage transmission, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie dispersive, Dispersive spectrometry, Espectrometría dispersiva, Sulfure de nickel, Nickel sulfide, Níquel sulfuro, NiS, Electrochemical performances, Lithium-ion batteries, and NiS/Ni thin films

Electrodeposition, a convenient approach, has been used for fabricating porous NiS thin films on Ni foam substrate. The obtained NiS/Ni thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Furthermore, the electrodeposited NiS/Ni thin films were first used as the anode for lithium-ion intercalation and exhibited large capacities and good cycling stability.

Inorganic chemistry, Chimie minérale, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Catalyseurs: préparations et propriétés, Catalysts: preparations and properties, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Katalysator, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Verbundwerkstoff, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Oxyde de titane, Titanium oxide, Titanio óxido, Titanoxid, Oxyde de tungstène, Tungsten oxide, Wolframio óxido, Wolframoxid, Photocatalyse, Photocatalysis, Fotocatálisis, Rayonnement visible, Visible radiation, Radiación visible, Lichtstrahlung, Structure bande, Band structure, Estructura banda, Bandstruktur, Synthèse nanomatériau, Nanomaterial synthesis, Síntesis nanomaterial, Pyrolyse par projection, Spray pyrolysis, TiO2, WO3, Band gap, Flame assisted spray pyrolysis, Light absorbance, Nanocomposite, Photocatalytic, and Recombination

Combining of tungsten trioxide (WO3) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been an interesting research subject because different from conventional TiO2 material, this composite can be used and activated under visible-light irradiation and has better photocatalytic efficiency. The purpose of this study was to synthesize composite WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles and to investigate the detail effect of composition of ammonium metatungstate (AMT, as a WO3 source) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP, as a TiO2 source) in the wide range composition ratio on particle morphology (i.e.,outer size (from 20 to 90 nm), shape, and structure), crystallinity, and photocatalytic performance. To synthesize composite WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles, a flame-assisted spray-pyrolysis method was used. Experimental results showed that the amount of AMT (from 0 to 25 wt%) had shown a significant impact on the photocatalytic performance, however deviation of this amount had improve catalyst performance slightly. The change of photocatalytic activity is mainly influenced by band gap energy and surface area. To confirm the fundamental reason for this catalytic improvement, the effect of WO3 and TiO2 amounts on surface area, light absorbance, and charge separation analysis was investigated. The experimental results were also completed along with the proposal photocatalytic mechanism of particles containing WO3 and TiO2. In addition, although our present photocatalytic activity still needs to be improved, the present results open new information for creating more varied properties for application explorations.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (incluant le cvd activé par plasma, mocvd, etc.), Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced cvd, mocvd, etc.), Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Electrodes: préparations et propriétés, Electrodes: preparations and properties, Capacité électrique, Capacitance, Couche mince métallique, Metallic thin films, Couche mince, Thin films, Electrolyte, Electrolytes, Méthode PECVD, PECVD, Oxyde de manganèse, Manganese oxides, Manganeso óxido, Propriété électrochimique, Electrochemical properties, Propiedad electroquímica, Précurseur, Precursor, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie transformée Fourier, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Valence, 8115G, 8245F, 8245M, MnOx, Substrat fibre carbone, Manganese oxide, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Supercapacitor, Thin film, and Ultracapacitor

The good stability, cyclability and high specific capacitance of manganese oxide (MnOx) has recently promoted a growing interest in utilizing MnOx in asymmetric supercapacitor electrodes. Several literature reports have indicated that thin film geometries of MnOx provide specific capacitances that are much higher than bulk MnOx powders. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a versatile technique for the production of metal oxide thin films with high purity and controllable thickness. In this work, MnOx thin films deposited by PECVD from a methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl precursor are presented and the effect of processing conditions on the quality of MnOx films is described. The film purity and oxidation state of the MnOx films were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Preliminary electrochemical testing of MnOx films deposited on carbon fiber electrodes in aqueous electrolytes indicates that the PECVD synthesized films are electrochemically active.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Matériaux particuliers, Specific materials, Autres semiconducteurs, Other semiconductors, Nanomatériaux et nanostructures : fabrication et caractèrisation, Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization, Nanotubes, Méthodes de croissance cristalline; physique de la croissance cristalline, Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, Croissance en solution, Growth from solutions, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Catalyseurs: préparations et propriétés, Catalysts: preparations and properties, Addition phosphore, Phosphorus addition, Adición fósforo, Addition silicium, Silicon addition, Adición silicio, Agrégation, Aggregation, Agregación, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Composé III-V, III-V compound, Compuesto III-V, Couche mince, Thin film, Capa fina, Couche tampon, Buffer layer, Capa tampón, Cristal hexagonal, Hexagonal crystals, Croissance cristalline en solution, Crystal growth from solutions, Densité dislocation, Dislocation density, Densidad dislocación, Densité élevée, High density, Densidad elevada, Dislocation, Dislocación, Dispositif optoélectronique, Optoelectronic device, Dispositivo optoelectrónico, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mécanisme croissance, Growth mechanism, Mecanismo crecimiento, Nanobâtonnet, Nanorod, Nanopalito, Nanomatériau, Nanostructured materials, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Réaction dirigée, Template reaction, Reacción dirigida, Réseau (arrangement), Array, Red, Semiconducteur III-V, III-V semiconductors, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Structure wurtzite, Wurtzite structure, Estructura wurtzita, Synthèse hydrothermale, Hydrothermal synthesis, 8105E, 8107D, 8110D, GaN, Substrat GaN, Substrat ZnO, Substrat silicium, ZnO, Aqueous solutions, GaN template, and ZnO nanostructures

ZnO film was grown on GaN/Si by one-step hydrothermal technique at low temperature in this paper. It was found that the GaN buffer layer played an important role in depositing ZnO films. ZnO nanorod arrays with a hexagonal wurtzite structure were grown on undoped GaN/Si substrate, whereas film structure was achieved on p-doped GaN/Si. The mechanism could be attributed to the defect-rich p-GaN/Si that propagates dislocation-driven growth. The high density of dislocations provided more nucleation sites than undoped GaN/ Si; thus ZnO film could be formed by aggregation of nanorods. The results will provide opportunities for the fabrication of ZnO/GaN optoelectronic devices by simple catalyst-free dislocation-driven growth.

Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Electronics, Electronique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Transport électronique, Electronic transport in condensed matter, Phénomènes de conductivité dans les semiconducteurs et les isolants, Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators, Effets thermoélectriques et thermomagnétiques, Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de nanofabrication, Methods of nanofabrication, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Physicochimie de surface, Surface physical chemistry, Généralités, appareillage, General, apparatus, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Dispositifs thermoélectriques, pyroélectriques, etc, Thermoelectric, pyroelectric devices, etc, Acide sulfonique, Sulfonic acid, Acido sulfónico, Agent surface, Surfactant, Agente superficie, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Conductivité électrique, Electrical conductivity, Conductividad eléctrica, Diffusion lumière, Light scattering, Difusión luz, Dispositif thermoélectrique, Thermoelectric device, Dispositivo termoeléctrico, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Formation image, Imaging, Formación imagen, Haute performance, High performance, Alto rendimiento, Matériau thermoélectrique, Thermoelectric materials, Microscopie électronique, Electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanomatériau, Nanostructured materials, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Polymérisation oxydante, Oxidative polymerization, Polimerizacion oxidante, Propriété thermoélectrique, Thermoelectric properties, Propiedad termoeléctrica, Synthèse nanomatériau, Nanomaterial synthesis, Síntesis nanomaterial, Thiophène dérivé polymère, Thiophene derivative polymer, Tiofeno derivado polímero, Thiophène polymère, Thiophene polymer, Tiofeno polímero, 7220P, 8580F, Nanocomposites, electrical conductivity, nanoparticle, oxidative polymerization, and thermoelectric

Polythiophene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PTh/PEDOT) nanocomposites with luminescent characteristics and high thermoelectric (TE) performance were successfully synthesized by two-step oxidative polymerization in aqueous medium. First, PTh nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by use of FeCl3/H2O2 as catalyst/oxidant system with poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) as surfactant. PTh/PEDOT nanocomposites were then synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on the surface of PTh NPs. The composition of the nanocomposites was controlled by varying the concentration of EDOT. Electron microscopy imaging and dynamic light scattering experiments confirmed the nanocomposites had a PTh core and a PEDOT shell/matrix. Finally, the TE performance of the PTh/ PEDOT nanocomposites was investigated. The electrical conductivity and power factor of the nanocomposites were found to increase from 0.0001 S/cm to 475 S/cm and from 0.001 μW/mK2 to 22.9 μW/mK2, respectively, at the optimum PEDOT concentration.