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SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, SOLIDARITY, CHINESE investments, CHINA -- Politics & government, CHINA, SOUTH America -- Foreign relations, and UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations

China's engagement with global capitalism is driven by the emergence of a statist and private transnational capitalist class. Nevertheless, aspects of China's foreign policy from the Maoist period still echo today. Consequently, elements of third world solidarity and opposition to Western domination continue to exist as China's past is redefined to further its transnational strategies in Latin America and the US. The main Chinese investments in South America have been in energy and infrastructure among the left lead countries of the Pink Tide. In the US, Chinese capital has grown despite heated political rhetoric. This paper will examine how economic ties in South and North America reflect past and present conditions, and if China has initiated a non-Western globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIGRANT labor, SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, LOSERS, CORPORATE capitalism, and CHINA

This article examines the emergence since 2011 of the ‘Diaosi’ (loser) identity among second-generation migrant workers in China. This subjective identification of a new social category with little hope can be contrasted with the hopeful policy constructions of a strong China eager to promote the civilizing ‘suzhi’ (population quality) of its population nationally and internationally. Yet, as this article shows, in four steps, these phenomena are intertwined. First, it locates the emergence of this ‘Diaosi’ subject in the global and national dialectics of hope in China since the global financial crisis. Second, drawing on neo-Foucauldian and neo-Gramscian scholarship, Diaosi marginality is related to the interactions among global capitalist production, the socialist market economy, continuous state domination via a household registration system (hukou), and the civilising discourse of ‘suzhi’. Third, it shows how the Diaosi embody their multiplex loser identity and marginality affectively and expressively in their everyday demeanour. Fourth, it examines recent efforts by state/corporate capital and the party-state to re-make and re-hegemonize Diaosi life in the name of consumption, civility, and social stability. The article ends with some neo-Gramscian remarks on the complexities and contradictory consciousness of marginal social categories, such as the Diaosi, and their openness to passive revolution and (re-) hegemonization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, SOCIALISM, SOCIALISM -- China, WESTERN countries, and POLITICAL systems

This article compares the response of the Chinese state to the COVID-19 pandemic with that of the major Western capitalist countries. It collates evidence showing that China has mobilised unprecedented governmental, economic, technological, scientific and human resources in order to get the viral outbreak under control. In countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, on the other hand, the response to COVID-19 has thus far been insufficient, and as a result these countries have not had anywhere near China's level of success in protecting their populations from infection. Analysing the reasons for this disparity, the article concludes that China's socialist economic and political system, along with the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have been indispensable factors in China's extraordinary efforts to respond to one of the greatest threats to humanity in modern history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalism, International relations, Mass media, Specialists, and Socialism -- China

Chinese scientific socialism (CSS) is analyzed as a state of purpose rather than one of ambiguity. Distinct historical contexts and associated semantic shifts are integrated to contemporarily situate CSS, particularly regarding foreign policy and practice in Latin America. Findings indicate Western media and specialists generally analyze Chinese economic dynamics along a continuum of capitalism, failing to capture relevant forms of geopolitical socialist-communist expression and their local-to-global impacts. CSS rhetoric and practice reflect principles of unity and reciprocity, are long term, and enjoy trust in Latin America. Thus, the Chinese development model derives and generates benefits comparatively greater than the traditional capitalist model and impacts US hegemony. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAPITALISM, ECONOMIC reform, ECONOMIC development, SOCIALISM -- China, and ECONOMIC globalization

Contending views about the ‘threats’ and ‘opportunities’ relating to China’s economic rise reflect the complex and, for many, confusing role of the state in China’s reform and development process. This in turn relates to a marked difference between China’s official perception of ‘Socialism with Chinese characteristics’ and alternative views regarding the nature of its emerging capitalist system. This glaring gap in perceptions is problematic in an increasingly globalised world, complicating debates about what China should and will do to rebalance its domestic economy how other nations should and will react to the recent surge in Chinese investment overseas. This paper reflects on these debates in the context of China’s multifaceted and ever-evolving economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INDUSTRIALIZATION, SOCIAL mobility, SOCIALISM -- China, SOCIAL status, and CAPITALISM

This study examines trends in intergenerational class mobility in China by analyzing six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012. Defying a simplistic, unidirectional account, the authors report two countervailing trends in social mobility in postrevolution China. On the one hand, the authors find a decline in social fluidity following China's transition from state socialism to a market economy, as the link between origin and destination in vertical social status has significantly strengthened. On the other hand, horizontal mobility between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors has increased substantially during recent decades. To put these trends in a global context, the authors compare China's experience with those in 11 advanced industrial countries. The authors find that despite its recent decline, social fluidity in China is still high by international standards. Yet, the direction of vertical social mobility trends in China stands in contrast with that in mature capitalist countries, in which the class structure has either stayed stable or become more open over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital, Business ethics, Marxian economics, Production (Economic theory), Capitalism, Mixed economy, Surplus value, Overproduction, Decision making, Managerial economics, Socialism -- China, and Marxist philosophy

Making use of capital to develop China’s socialist market economy requires China not only to fully recognize the tendency of capital civilization but also to realize its intrinsic limitations and to seek conditions and a path for overcoming contradictions in the mode of capitalist production. Karl Marx’s theory of capital provides us with a key to understanding and dealing properly with problems of capital. At the same time we should also pay heed to Western research on, experience with, and lessons from capitalist economies developed over the past four centuries summarized in the field of “business ethics”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM -- China, CAPITALISM -- China, ECONOMIC development, and LABOR market

The article reveals the logical and historical grounds of Grzegorz W. Kolodko's approach to the interpretation of the phenomenon of China building socialism with Chinese characteristics and developing capitalist relations. Reality goes beyond the dilemma of "socialism or capitalism" and represents something third, having an independent meaning. It is shown that the starting point for the emergence of society and man is a jointly-divided labour whose two sides (jointness and separation) while historically evolving, are embodied on the side of separation in the market economy and capitalism, and on the side of jointness in the state and socialism. On this basis, there arises a confrontation between two opposing systems: capitalism and socialism. The subsequent historical progress turns capitalisation and socialisation into two complementary processes of the development of society, which are no longer adequate to describe in terms of the two systems. A certain third entity emerges. This proves that "Tertium Datur" by Grzegorz W. Kolodko has not only practical importance, but also deep logical and historical grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, GOVERNMENT business enterprises, CAPITALISM, GOVERNMENT ownership, ECONOMIC conditions in China, 2000-, and CHINA -- Politics & government -- 2002-

The recent round of debate over China’s state and private economy has fundamentally touched upon whether or not China should abandon or strengthen the socialist elements within the market economy. In this paper, we argue that the debate is, in essence, a continued class struggle in the political and ideological superstructure. Then we discuss the foreseeable future of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under current political and economic conditions. We will further propose the necessary reforms for the SOEs to move towards a truly socialist form of public ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, SOCIAL policy, LIBERALIZATION (Finance), SOCIAL security, and INDUSTRIAL relations

Abstract The transition from socialism to capitalism involves overcoming tremendous, and unavoidable, difficulties of growth and distribution, and controversial reforms. The case of China presents an important opportunity by inviting us to understand its distinctive experiences from comparative perspectives. While its market-oriented reforms have achieved remarkable growth records, the costs of privatization and liberalization have had to be absorbed by social policy, and redistributed among different social strata and specific units. This study focuses on the reconstruction of state-owned enterprises, the social security system, and industrial relations to show China's unique path toward a market economy. As a Leninist government continues to enjoy ample room for policy manoeuvres and civil organizations are absent in social policy making, the Chinese case of 'great transformation' apparently rests on an unstable ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, IMPERIALISM, CAPITALISM, and LABOR market

The extraordinary growth rates of China's 'reform socialist' economy have helped to finance not only the United States' debt but also large-scale transfers to the country's underdeveloped regions. Yet violence in Tibet in 2008 was followed in July 2009 by major rioting in Xinjiang. This article approaches the latter events through the analysis of contemporary labor markets, socialist policies toward ethnic minorities, and the history of Xinjiang's incorporation into the Manchu empire. Theoretical inspiration for this longue durée analysis is drawn from Adam Smith, via Giovanni Arrighi's recent reassessment of the Smithian market model; anthropological work points to flaws in this vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALIST societies, SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, NEOLIBERALISM, EMERGING markets, GOVERNMENT policy, DEVELOPING countries -- Economic conditions, and DEVELOPING countries

This article discusses the relationship between capitalist and socialist approaches to the globalization and emerging markets. The socialist approach, which is related to Chinese foreign economic relations, is contrasted with capitalism, which is represented by the U.S. and neoliberal institutions such as the International Monetary Fund. Neoliberal institutions are presented as an institutional cover for the exploitation of developing countries. This approach is contrasted with the Chinese economic relationship with developing countries in Africa. The distinction between the behavior of the Chinese and the U.S. government in their relations with international organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the Asia-Pacific Economic Conference is also noted.

CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, POWER (Social sciences), ECONOMIC policy, HISTORY, CHINA, and CHINA -- Politics & government

From the capitalist Guomindang (GMD) regime to the socialist regime of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the moderate intellectuals, those governing China have been compelled-and at times perfectly willing-to entrust the important task of economic, social, and political reforms to state power and to call the results "state capitalism" or "state socialism." From this perspective, the historical fate of capitalism in modern China has been restricted by the rise of statism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIAL conflict, SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, ECONOMIC development, CHINA -- Politics & government -- 20th century, CHINA, and CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1969

Over three decades after China ventured onto the market path, the Chinese state's reform programme, which was intended to invigorate socialism, has instead led the country down a capitalist path. This paper situates China's post-Mao transition in the context of the crisis of the party-state during the Cultural Revolution. Using Gramsci's idea of 'passive revolution', it examines the state's tactics of crisis management aiming to contain and neutralise emergent opposition and pressure from below. As the combined result of state repression, ideological appropriation and socioeconomic incorporation, a new reform paradigm emerged to rearticulate popular demands and initiatives to an official socialism centring on economic modernisation and market liberalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM -- China, ANTHROPOLOGY, COMMUNISM, FEUDALISM, CAPITALISM, and POLITICAL systems

The article explores the intellectual links that existed between the radical socialism and Marxism-Leninism in China during the 1920s and 1930s. It mentions that the origin of the Chinese fascination with Marxism started in 1905. However, the view of Karl Marx concerning the development of human history from a primitive communism through an era of slavery to feudalism and capitalism was not considered crucial as an analytical tool for China's polity.

POLITICAL parties -- China, CAPITALISM, ECONOMIC policy, SOCIALISM -- China, ECONOMIC development, ECONOMIC models, and ECONOMIC conditions in China

In the process of 90 years, the CPC' s theoretical pattern has undergone four great transformations, namely the change from "world pattern" to "Chinese pattern", the turn from "revolutionary pattern" to "constructional pattern", the leap from "planned economy pattern" to "market economy pattern", the shift from "extensive model of economic growth and its theoretical pattern" to "intensive model of economic development and its theoretical pattern". It is the above historic transformations and leaps that make a great contribution to the founding and development of the socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISTS, SOCIALISM -- China, and CAPITALISM

The article examines the Chinese fascination with Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek whose book "The Sublime Object of Ideology" was translated into Chinese in 1999. It also suggests that the crux of the relation between the philosopher and China lies in the socialist background. The article also comments that the philosopher's idea that Chinese socialism is an offshoot of capitalism that needs to be judged according to the logic of capitalist principles.