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exclusive breastfeeding, infectious disease, nutritional status, ASI eksklusif, penyakit infeksi, status gizi, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Malnutrition, medicine.disease, medicine, Breastfeeding, Health centre, Health problems, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Gynecology, business.industry, business, Diseases history, Respiratory infection, and Nutritional status

Background: Malnutrition and severe undernutrition is one of the main health problems faced in developing countries. In Indonesia, health problems and the child’s growth are influenced by two main issues , namely a state of good nutrition and the prevalence of infectious diseases . Worsening child malnutrition can occur because of ignorance of the mother about the manner of breastfeeding to their children. Yogyakarta city still has the highest prevalence of malnutrition (W/A) , as compared to four other districts in the amount of 1.04 % (exceeding the target of the action plan for food and nutrition is < 1%).Objectives: To know the nutritional status of children (12-24 months) in terms of the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of infectious diseases at the Mergangsan health center in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research used quantitative descriptive method with cross sectional approach. Subjects were children aged 12-24 who months were recorded in four villages Kaparakan Integrated Health Centre (RW III , VII , IX , and XII) in Puskesmas Mergangsan, Yogyakarta. The sampling technique of this study used total sampling, the number of samples were 34 respondents. Data were collected by using a questionnaire.Results: Most children did not receive exclusive breastfeeding (55.9%). All of the children had infectious diseases (diarrhea, respiratory infection) in the last one month. Most of children had good nutrition (58.8%), and 86.7% children received exclusive breastfeeding. Meanwhile, 36.8% children did not. Most of children who had infectious diseases history were included in good nutritional status. Conclusion: Children who had a history of exclusive breastfeeding was 86.7%, while those who had not breastfeeding exclusively was 36.8%. Most of children with good nutritional status had experiences of infectious diseases (diarrhea, respiratory infection). KEYWORDS: exclusive breastfeeding, infectious disease, nutritional statusABSTRAKLatar belakang: Gizi kurang dan buruk merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, masalah kesehatan dan pertumbuhan anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh dua persoalan utama yaitu keadaan gizi yang tidak baik dan merajalelanya penyakit infeksi. Memburuknya gizi anak dapat terjadi karena ketidaktahuan ibu mengenai tata cara pemberian ASI kepada anaknya. Kota Yogyakarta masih memiliki prevalensi gizi buruk tertinggi (BB/U) dibandingkan empat kabupaten lainnya, yaitu sebesar 1,04% (melebihi target rencana aksi daerah pangan dan gizi.Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran status gizi anak (12-24 bulan) ditinjau dari riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan kejadian penyakit infeksi di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan yang tercatat di 4 Posyandu Kelurahan Kaparakan (RW III, VII, IX, dan XII) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mergangsan, Kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 34 responden. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: Sebagian besar anak tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif (55,9%). Semua anak pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA) dalam 1 bulan terakhir. Mayoritas anak memiliki gizi baik (58,8%) dengan jumlah anak yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebesar 86,7%, sedangkan yang tidak mendapat ASI ekslusif sebesar 36,8%. Mayoritas anak yang pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi berstatus gizi baik (58,8%).Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar anak memiliki riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif. Terdapat lebih dari sebagian anak dengan status gizi baik pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA). KATA KUNCI: ASI eksklusif, penyakit infeksi, status gizi

lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Qualitative analysis, Nutritional status, Logistic regression, Geography, Family income, Gerontology, Correlation and dependence, Environmental health, National development, and Cross-sectional study

Background: Act No. 25/2000 about National Development Program and Vision Healthy Indonesia 2010 specifi ed that 80% of Indonesian families become nutrition aware families. The result of survey on nutrition aware families in indicated that in 2006 as much as 52.7% and in 2007 as much as 27.2% of families were not yet nutrition aware. The result of nutritional status monitoring of underfi ves (Z-score) showed undernourishment increased from 5.1% in 2004 to 10.1% in 2005.Objective: To analyze association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family and nutrition status of underfi ves at District of Tanah Laut, Province of Kalimantan Selatan.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The dependentvariable was nutritional status of underfi ves (z-score for weight/length); the independent variables were nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family; and the confounding variables were characteristics of the family (parents’ education, number of the family members, knowledge of mothers about nutrition and family income). Subject consisted of underfi ves of 6–24 months with as many as 198 underfi ves. Data analysis used chi square and double logistic regression (multiple logistic regression) and qualitative analysis with indepth interview for families that were not yet nutrition aware.Result: There were 145 families (73.2%) that were nutrition aware and 53 (26.8%) that were not yet nutrition aware; based on energy consumption 51.1% of families had enough food and 48.9% were undernourished; based on protein consumption 52.5% of families had enough food and 47.5% were undernourished; and children with good nutrition status were 72.6% for boys and 72.8% or girls. There was signifi cant association between nutrition aware behavior and nutrition status of underfi ves (p=0.010). The result of logistic regression test showed that there was signifi cant association between the number of family members and food security of the family (pConclusion: There was no association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family based on level of energy and protein consumption. There was signifi cant association (pKEYWORDS: nutrition aware, family characteristics, food security, nutritional status of underfi vesABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 2000 tentang Program Pembangunan Nasional dan Visi Indonesia Sehat 2010 menetapkan 80% keluarga menjadi keluarga sadar gizi (kadarzi). Hasil data survei kadarzi pada tahun 2006 dan 2007 didapatkan keluarga yang belum kadarzi 52,7% dan 27,2%. Hasil pemantauan status gizi balita (z-ScoreBB/U) didapatkan status gizi kurang menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, yaitu tahun 2004 sebesar (5,1%), tahun 2005 (9,8%)dan tahun 2006 (10,1%) Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel terikat: status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB) dan variabel bebas: perilaku sadar gizi, ketahanan pangan keluarga serta variabel pengganggu: pendidikan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Subjek penelitian balita usia 6-24 bulan, jumlah 198 balita. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda (multiple logistic regression) dan didukung analisis kualitatitf dengan indepth interview bagi keluarga belum kadarzi.Hasil: Keluarga sudah kadarzi 145 (73,2%) dan belum kadarzi 53 (26,8%). Indikator kadarzi tentang dukungan keluarga memberikan ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan paling banyak tidak dilaksanakan. Alasannya adalah setelah melahirkan ASI tidak keluar, susu ibu bengkak dan mengeluarkan darah, hamil lagi, dan alasan pekerjaan. Semua keluarga menggunakan garam beryodium dalam memasak makanan. Keluarga tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi masing-masing sebesar 47,5% dan 52,5%, keluarga yang tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein masing-masing sebesar 52,5% dan 47,5% dan status gizi balita hasil z-score BB/TB didapatkan balita gizi baik 72,7% dan gizi kurang 27,3%. Perilaku sadar gizi berhubungan signifi kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi (p0,05).Kesimpulan: Perilaku sadar gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi, sedangan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signifi kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein. Perilaku sadar gizi keluarga dan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB).KATA KUNCI: keluarga sadar gizi, karakteritik keluarga, ketahanan pangan, status gizi balita

nutritional status, hemodialysis, eating behavior, nutritional counselling, status gizi, hemodialisa, perilaku makan, konesling gizi, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, business.industry, business, Hemoglobin, and Gastroenterology

Background : Patients who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy must know which foods that may be consumed including foods containing animal protein, low potassium, and low salt. The role of nutritionists is needed to provide nutritional counseling related to dietary adjustment. Studies that have been conducted by previous researchers are about diet from hemodialysis patients and the various factors that affect dietary compliance of patients, but no one has been studying the relation related to nutritional status, hemoglobin, ureum, and creatinine levels before and after doing a counseling that also has a relationship with diet and dietary compliance for hemodialysis patients.Objectives : To analyze the relationship of nutritional status, hemoglobin, ureum, and creatinine levels of hemodialysis patients before and after doing nutritional counseling in RSUD Ungaran. Methods : The study used a descriptive quantitaive method with one group pretest posttest design with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in Hemodialysis Unit of RSUD Ungaran with a total sampling of 30 hemodialysis patient. Primary data were obtained from respondent’s data entry and FFQ, observation, and interviews. Secondary data were obtained from respondent’s medical records include the level of hemoglobin, urea, and cretinine. Data were analyzed using SPSS programme with Paired t Test. Results : The results of SPSS analysis showed that probability value from urea men 0,016 < 0,05 and urea women – hemoglobin men and women – creatinin men and women overall 0,000 < 0,05, which means that the average levels of those components before and after doing a nutritional counseling is different.Conclusions : A nutritional counseling indicate any change in the nutritional status of the entire hemodialysis patients, based on hemoglobin levels increased, while urea and creatinine levels decreased; but all those components are not in the normal category. Levels of hemoglobin, urea, and creatinine is changed within a period of one month after the implementation of individual nutritional counseling. It indicates that nutritional counseling efforts were given has a positive benefit for the patients to gain knowledge about dietary adjustments and implement the recommended diet in order to optimize the work of renal function excessively.KEYWORDS : nutritional status, hemodialysis, eating behavior, nutritional counseling

Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Nutrition care, Significant difference, Gerontology, Diet therapy, In patient, business.industry, business, Nutritional care, Protein intake, Statistical difference, Hospitalized patients, self-confidence, dietitians performance, energy and protein intake, kepercayaan diri, kinerja ahli gizi, asupan energi dan protein, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: The incidence of hospital malnutrition is still high. Prevalence of malnutrition was 56.9% at three hospital in Indonesia, such as Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Jamil Hospital Padang, and Sanglah Hospital Bali. Diet therapy might improve nutritional intake. Standardized nutrition care process (SNCP) helps dietitian to make a decision with critical thinking to improve the quality of nutritional care, i.e. safe and effective. Dietitians need self-confi dence in applying their knowledge to accomplish their works. Several studies showed that higher self-confi dence correlated with higher performance. That would have positive impact on patients outcomes.Objectives: To fi nd out the differences in patient energy and protein intake based on dietitians selfconfidence in implementing SNCP.Methods: An observational study was used in this study with cross sectional design involving dietitians and hospitalized patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using independence t test, chi-square, and Anova.Results: There was no significant difference in percentage average of patients energy intake of high self confidence compared to low self confi dence (lower 6.3%, p=0.13), as well as in protein intake (higher 1.8%, p=0.73). The percentage average of energy in nutritional intake, which energy intake was 3.0% (p=0.49) lower in good performance and protein intake was 7.1% (p=0.20) higher in good performance, had no statistical difference with dietitians performance. There was also no statistical difference between dietitians performance and dietitians self-confi dence(p=0.23). Conclusions: There were no differences between average percentage of energy and protein intake with dietitians self-confidence and dietitians performance. There was also no difference between dietitians performance and their self-confidence.KEYWORDS: self-confidence, dietitians performance, energy and protein intake ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kejadian hospital malnutrition masih tinggi. Prevalensi malnutrisi di tiga rumah sakit di Indonesia, yaitu RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, RSUP Jamil Padang, dan RSUD Sanglah Bali sebesar 56,9%. Terapi diet dapat meningkatkan asupan gizi proses asuhan gizi terstandar (PAGT) membantu ahli gizi membuat keputusan dengan berpikir kritis dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas asuhan gizi yang aman dan efektif. Ahli gizi memerlukan kepercayaan diri dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Beberapa penelitian medis menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan diri yang tinggi berhubungan dengan kinerja yang lebih baik. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak positif terhadap outcome pasien. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan energi dan protein pasien menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi dalam menerapkan PAGT.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah ahli gizi dan pasien rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, dengan masing-masing berjumlah 12 subjek dan 90 subjek, menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dan quota sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Analisis data secara bivariat dilakukan dengan uji t, chi-square, dan anova. Hasil: Asupan energi pasien pada kepercayaan diri ahli gizi baik tidak berbeda dengan kepercayaan diri ahli gizi yang tidak baik (lebih rendah 6,3%, p=0,13), demikian juga dengan asupan protein (lebih tinggi 1,8%, p=0,73). Tidak ada perbedaan rerata persentase asupan energi, yaitu selisih 3,0% (p=0,49) lebih rendah pada kinerja baik dan protein 7,1% (p=0,20) lebih tinggi pada kinerja baik. Tidak ada perbedaan kinerja ahli gizi menurut tingkat kepercayaan dirinya (p=0,23). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan asupan energi dan protein menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi, serta kinerja menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri ahli gizi.KATA KUNCI: kepercayaan diri, kinerja ahli gizi, asupan energi dan protein

lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Medicine, business.industry, business, Vitamin C, Traditional medicine, Worm infection, Immunology, Nutritional status, Vitamin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hemoglobin, Statistical analysis, Anemia, and medicine.disease

Background: The prevalence of having intestinal worms among malnourished children under fi ve as the cause of anemia at the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur is still relatively high. Efforts to minimize intestinal worm infection and anemia and to increase nutrition status of malnourished children under fi ve who get recovery complementary foods are made through supply of intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup and vitamin C.Objective: To identify the effect of the supply of intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup, and vitamin C supplementation to the increase of haemoglobin (Hb) level and nutritional status of malnourished children under fi ve who got recovery complementary foods.Method: This was an experimental study with factorial design. Subject of the study were malnourished children under fi ve of 1–3 years of age at Kupang Municipality. There were as many as 128 samples divided into 4 experiment groups. The group got pyrantel pamoat intestinal worm drugs 125 mg (n=32), Fe syrup + vitamin C (n=32), and placebo (n=32). Hb level was measured using “Hemocue-B Hemoglobin photometer”, intestinal worm infection was observed through facces of the subject to identify the presence of worm eggs. Statistical analysis used t-test to identify the relationship before and after the supply and ANOVA to fi nd out the difference in the effect of the supply among the groups. Result: After 3 months, the supply of the intestinal worm drugs before intervention had signifi cant effect to intestinal worm infection status among the group with intestinal worm drugs and the group with intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup + vitamin C. The highest increase of Hb level was found in the group with intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup + Vitamin C with average increase as much as 1.2 g/dL. Average increase of weight among the groups was 0.3 kg. Increase ofZ-score signifi cantly affected index of weight/age and weight/height.Conclusion: The increase of Hb level signifi cantly affected changes of nutritional status increase among the experiment groups.KEYWORDS: intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup, vitamin C, Hb level, nutritional status, malnourishmentABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi kecacingan pada balita gizi buruk sebagai penyebab anemia di Provinsi NTT masih tinggi. Upaya menurunkan infeksi kecacingan dan anemia serta meningkatkan status gizi pada balita gizi buruk yang mendapat PMT-P antara lain dengan pemberian obat cacing dan suplementasi sirup Fe + vitamin C.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian obat cacing, suplemen sirup Fe, dan vitamin C terhadap peningkatan kadar Hb dan status gizi balita gizi buruk penerima PMT-P.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan faktorial. Sasaran penelitian adalah balita gizi buruk usia 1–3 tahun di Kota Kupang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 128 anak dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Perlakuan obat cacing pirantel pamoat 125 mg (n=32), sirup Fe + vitamin C (n=32), obat cacing, sirup Fe+ vitamin C (n=32) dan plasebo (n=32). Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dengan ”HemoCue”, infeksi cacing diperiksa melalui tinja subjek untuk melihat adanya telur cacing. Analisis menggunakan uji T-test untuk mengetahui hubungan sebelum dan sesudah suplementasi dan uji ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan efek suplementasi antar kelompok. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, pemberian obat cacing sebelum intervensi berpengaruh signifi kan terhadap status infeksi kecacingan pada kelompok obat cacing dan kelompok obat cacing, sirup Fe + vitamin C. Peningkatan kadar hemoglobin antarkelompok yang tertinggi adalah pada kelompok obat cacing, sirup Fe dan vitamin C dengan ratarata kenaikan sebesar 1,2 g/dL. Rata-rata kenaikan berat badan antar kelompok sebesar 0,3 kg. Peningkatan nilai Z-score berpengaruh signifi kan terhadap indek BB/U dan BB/TB.Kesimpulan:Peningkatkan kadar hemoglobin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan peningkatan status gizi antar kelompok suplementasi.KATA KUNCI: obat cacing, sirup Fe +vitamin C, kadar hemoglobin, Z-score, status gizi

Child development, Indonesian, language.human_language, language, Academic achievement, Psychosocial, Cognition, Environmental health, Anthropometry, Psychology, Chi-square test, Developmental psychology, Iodine deficiency, medicine.disease, medicine, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: More than 200 million children under 5 years old in developing countries are not fulfilled its development potential. Child potential development is influenced by several factors, such as biological factors, psychosocial, physical, social, culture, and socio-economic. People living in iodine deficiency area have intelligent quotient (IQ) up to 13.5 point lower than those living in the area with suffi cient iodine. The result of iodinized salt monitored by Sleman District Health Offi ce showed total goitre rate (TGR) of school children in Subdistrict of Cangkringan, District of Sleman was 39.5, which was categorized as severe iodine deficiency.Objective: To identify nutritional status (anthropometry), academic achievement, and learning motivation as risk factors of cognitive ability of elementary children in IDD endemic area.Method: The study used case control design. Samples consisted of 107 children with cognitive ability below average (score IQResult: The prevalence of short nutritional status was 25.9%. There was signifi cant association between nutritional status (height/age) (p=0.46), learning motivation (p=0.03), and academic achievement (Indonesian, p=0.00, mathematics, p=0.000), and cognitive ability. There was no association between nutritional status (Body Mass Index/age) and cognitive ability (p=0.109). Children with short nutrition status had risk 1.7 times greater for lower cognitive ability. Children with low learning motivation had risk 3.3 times greater for low cognitive ability.Conclusion: Children with cognitive ability above average had nutritional status (height/ age), learning motivation, and academic achievement (Indonesia and mathematics) better than those with cognitive ability below average.KEYWORDS: cognitive, nutritionl status, learning motivation, academic achievement, iodine deficiency disorderABSTRAKLatar belakang: Lebih dari 200 juta anak di bawah 5 tahun di negara berkembang tidak terpenuhi potensi perkembangannya. Potensi perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor biologis, psikososial, fisik, sosial budaya serta, sosial ekonomi. Masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah defisiensi iodium memiliki intelligent quotient (IQ) hingga 13,5 point lebih rendah dibandingkan masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah cukup yodium. Hasil pemantauan garam beryodium oleh Dinas Kesehatan Sleman menunjukkan total goitre rate (TGR) anak sekolah di Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman adalah 39,5%, yang tergolong dalam endemik berat.Tujuan: Mengetahui bahwa status gizi (antropometri), prestasi belajar, dan motivasi belajar sebagai faktor risiko terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak sekolah dasar di daerah endemik GAKY.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus kontrol. Jumlah subjek penelitian yaitu kelompok kasus 107 anak dengan kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata (skor IQ90). Pengumpulan data kemampuan kognitif dengan menggunakan culture fair intelligence test (CFIT), pengukuran antropometri untuk status gizi, nilai murni Bahasa Indonesia dan matematika untuk prestasi belajar dan kuesioner untuk motivasi belajar anak. Data diolah secara deskriptifanalitik menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji beda t-test.Hasil: Prevalensi status gizi pendek sebesar 25,9%. Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara status gizi (TB/U) (p=0,046), motivasi belajar (p=0,03), dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia, p=0,00, matematika, p=0,00) dengan kemampuan kognitif. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara status gizi (IMT/U) dengan kemampuan kognitif (p=0,109). Anak dengan status gizi pendek berisiko 1,7 kali memiliki kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata daripada anak normal. Anak dengan motivasi rendah berisiko 3,3 kali memilikikemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata.Kesimpulan: Anak dengan kemampuan kognitif di atas rata-rata memiliki status gizi, motivasi belajar, dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia maupun matematika) yang lebih baik daripada yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata.KATA KUNCI: kognitif , status gizi, motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar, endemik GAKY

Geography, Demography, Nutritional status, Under nutrition, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Optimum growth, Correlation and dependence, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: The fi rst three years is a golden period or critical period for optimum growth and development process. Mothers at work will affect their role in taking care of their children resulting in limited time to feed the children. In 2004 it was estimated that 23% of children had development disorder; abnormal growth of infants occured 80% in mothers at work. In 2007 in Indonesia the prevalence of malnourished underfi ves was 8.8% and malnourished was 19.2%. At the Province of Sulawesi Tenggara the prevalence of under nutrition is 2.7% and undernourishment is 13.6%. At Kendari Municipality the prevalence of malnutrition is 0.9% and undernourishment is 3.2%. Objective: To identify the association between occupational status of mothers and nutrition status and development of children of 1 – 3 years at Subdistrict of Kendari Municipality.Method: This observational research used a cross sectional design and was carried out at Subdistrict of Kendari Municipality. Population were all children of 1–3 years. Subjects consisted of 150 children taken with systematic random sampling technique. Research instruments were questionnaire, recall list, Denver II Scale and length measurement. Data analysis used chi square statistical test and logistic regression with confi dence interval (CI) 95%.Result: There were no signifi cant association between occupation of mothers (p=0.106; OR=1.84), education of mothers (p=0.518; OR=1.31), income percapita (p=0.934; OR=0.91) and nutritional status of children. There was signifi cant association between feeding pattern (p=0.008; OR=2.58), duration of rearing (p=0.024; OR=2.28) and nutritional status of children. There was no signifi cant association between occupation of mothers (p=0.275; OR=1.57), education of mothers (p=0.674; OR=1.23) income percapita (p=0.516; OR=0.74) and child development. There was signifi cant association between duration of rearing and child development (p=0.029; OR=2.30). There was signifi cant association between occupation of mothers and feeding pattern of children (p=0.32; OR=2.30). Factor of feeding pattern had the greatest contribution (3%) to undernourished nutrition status; and duration of rearing contributed as much as 3% to delayed child development. Conclusion: There was no association between occupational status of mothers and nutrition status and development of children of 1-3 years. There was association between occupational status of mothers and feeding pattern of children of 1 – 3 years. There was association between feeding pattern and nutrition status of children of 1- 3 years at Subdistrict of Kadia, Kendari Municipality.KEYWORDS: occupational status of mothers, nutritional status, child development ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tiga tahun pertama merupakan periode keemasan (golden period)ataumasakritis (critical period) untuk optimalisasi proses tumbuh kembang. Ibu yang bekerja akan menghambat peran ibu dalam merawat dan mengasuh anak sehingga anak tidak mendapat waktu cukup untuk urusan makan. Pada tahun 2004 diperkirakan sekitar 23% anak mengalami gangguan perkembangan dan 80% perkembangan bayi tidak normal pada ibu yang bekerja. Pada tahun 2007, di Indonesia prevalensi balita gizi buruk 8,8% dan gizi kurang 19,2 %. Untuk daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, gizi buruk dan kurang masing-masing sebesar 2,7% dan 13,6%, sedangkan di Kota Kendari 0,9% dan 3,2%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status pekerjaan ibu dengan status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia 1–3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Wilayah penelitian di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari. Populasi adalah seluruh anak balita dengan usia 1–3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia Kota Kendari. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 156 subjek. Pengambilan sampel dengan systematic random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuesioner, daftar recall, Denver II Dacin dan panjang badan. Analisis data dengan uji Chi-Square dan regresi logistik dengan confi dence interval (CI) 95%.Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara pekerjaan ibu (p=0,106; OR=1,84), pendidikan ibu (p=0,518; OR=1,31), pendapatan per kapita (p=0,934; OR=0,91) dengan status gizi anak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifi kan antara pola asuh makan (p= 0,008; OR=2,58), waktu pengasuhan (p=0,024; OR=2,28) dengan status gizi anak. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerjaan ibu (p=0,275; OR=1,57), pendidikan ibu (p=0,674; OR=1,23), pendapatan per kapita (p=0,516;OR=0,74) dengan perkembangan anak. Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara waktu pengasuhan dengan perkembangan anak (p=0,029; OR=2,30). Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan pola asuh makan anak (p=0,030; OR=2,30). Faktor yang kontribusinya paling besar terhadap status gizi kurang adalah pola asuh makan yaitu sebesar 3%, sedangkan terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan anak adalah waktu pengasuhan yaitu sebesar 3%.Kesimpulan: Status pekerjaan ibu tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun, Status pekerjaan ibu berhubungan dengan pola asuh makan anak usia 1-3 tahun, Pola asuh makan berhubungan dengan status gizi anak usia 1-3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari.KATA KUNCI: pekerjaan ibu, perkembangan anak, status gizi anak

Demography, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Reproductive age, Medicine, business.industry, business, and Baseline data

Latar Belakang: Pemenuhan gizi pada masa prakonsepsi merupakan hal yang penting untuk memastikan kehamilan yang sehat, namun banyak wanita di negara-negara berkembang yang belum menyadari pentingnya hal tersebut. Informasi tentang kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi pada wanita usia subur, khususnya di negara berkembang, masih terbatas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi pada calon pengantin wanita di IndonesiaMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari studi cluster randomized trial untuk meningkatkan status besi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta, yang melibatkan 173 calon pengantin wanita. Data antropometri, asupan makan, dan pengetahuan tentang gizi prakonsepsi dikumpulkan oleh enumerator yang terlatih, yaitu mahasiswa di Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, dengan melakukan kunjungan ke rumah responden. Data kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi diukur menggunakan 10 indikator, yang meliput: (1) Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT); (2) Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA); (3) kadar Hb; (4) asupan energi; (5) asupan protein; (6) asupan kalsium; (7) asupan zat besi; (8) asupan folat; (9) pengetahuan tentang gizi prakonsepsi; dan (10) konsumsi suplemen zat besi dan/atau asam folat. Skor kesiapan akan berkisar antara 0-10.Hasil: Tidak ada satupun responden yang dapat memenuhi seluruh indikator kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi. Sebanyak 26% responden dapat memenuhi 2 indikator, dan median skor-nya adalah 3 (2.0-4.0). Kadar Hb, IMT, dan LILA merupakan 3 indikator terbanyak yang dapat dipenuhi, sementara asupan kalsium, zat besi, dan folat merupakan 3 indikator yang paling sedikit dapat dipenuhi oleh responden.Kesimpulan: Peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya mempersiapkan gizi prakonsepsi pada calon ibu merupakan hal yang sangat diperlukan. Program intervensi gizi kedepannya sebaiknya sudah dimulai sejak masa prakonsepsi, bukan hanya fokus pada kehamilan. KATA KUNCI: Indeks Massa Tubuh; asupan makan; prakonsepsi; wanita usia subur ABSTRACTBackground: Proper nutrition during preconception is essential to ensuring a healthy pregnancy, however, women in developing countries may not be aware of its importance. Information is limited regarding nutrition readiness prior to conception among women of reproductive age in these settings.Objectives: To examine nutrition readiness prior to conception among premarital women living in Indonesia.Methods: This study was part of a cluster randomized trial which aimed to improve the iron status of pregnant women in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 173 premarital women were included in the study. Data were collected on anthropometry, dietary intake, and knowledge about preconception nutrition by trained nutrition students of the University of Alma Ata, and taking place in the participant’s home. Hemoglobin level data were obtained based on answers to a questionnaire. Preconception nutrition readiness for pregnancy was determined based on 10 indicators, including: (1) body mass index (BMI); (2) mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC); (3) hemoglobin (Hb) level; average daily intakes for (4) energy, (5) protein, (6) calcium, (7) iron, and (8) folic acid; (9) level of knowledge about preconception nutrition; and (10) folic acid and/or iron supplement consumption. Preconception nutrition readiness scores ranged from 0-10.Results: No study participants met all 10 indicators for preconception nutrition readiness. One-quarter (26.0%) of participants could only meet 2 indicators, and the median score was 3.0 (2.0-4.0). Hb level, BMI, and MUAC were the 3 indicators met most by participants, while iron, folic acid, and calcium intake were the least met indicators.Conclusion: Raising awareness about preconception nutritional preparation among women of reproductive age is urgent. Future nutrition intervention programs should target the preconception period. KEYWORDS: Body mass index; dietary intake; preconception; women of reproductive age.

anemia, compliance in consuming iron tablets, nutrient intake, kepatuhan minum tablet besi, asupan zat gizi, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, A hemoglobin, Surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, business.industry, business, Micronutrient, Maternal anemia, Obstetrics, Anemia, medicine.disease, Animal food, and Nutrient intake

Background: One of the nutritional problems that frequently occur in pregnant women is anemia, which is the biggest problem of micronutrient and the most difficult to overcome in the world. Anemia occurs at all stages of the life cycle, more commonly attacked pregnant women and children. The cause of anemiais iron deficiency which is needed to the formation of a hemoglobin (Hb). Deficiency of iron in the body is due to lack of consumption of food sources of iron and the non-compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron tablets. Supplementation of iron tablets and improvement of nutrient intake especiallygood source of iron is one of anemia prevention that has been done.Objectives: To determine the relationship between nutrient intake and the level of compliance in consuming iron tablets with incidence of anemia in pregnant women at work area of Puskesmas I Kembaran Banyumas.Methods: This was an observational study (survey) with a cross sectional design with 50 subjects of the third trimester pregnant women. The research used both quantitative and qualitative approaches.Results: The percentage of anemia in pregnant women in this study was 56.0%. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that only compliance-related iron tablets consumption significantly had relationship (p=0.001, RP=3.7, 95% CI:2.06-6.82) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The high cost of animal food sources, the limitation of animal food sources diversity, and the dislike animal food sources consumption caused pregnant women choosing plant-based foods that where cheap and easily obtainable.Conclusions: This study proved that the intake of nutrients, especially iron and compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron tablets was still be the cause of anemia in pregnant women. Therefore, it needs to reduce and prevent maternal anemia by increasing the diversity of the consumption of iron foodsources, awareness of pregnant women to consume iron tablets, and the role of husband in encouraging pregnant women to consume iron tablets.KEYWORDS: anemia, compliance in consuming iron tablets, nutrient intakeABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu masalah gizi yang banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil adalah anemia gizi, yang merupakan masalah gizi mikro terbesar dan tersulit diatasi di seluruh dunia. Hasil Riskesdas tahun 2010 menunjukkan 80,7% wanita usia subur (WUS) yang hamil mendapat/membeli tablet besi, namun sebagianbesar diketahui tidak patuh mengonsumsinya. Kekurangan besi dalam tubuh disebabkan kurangnya konsumsi makanan sumber zat besi dan ketidakpatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi. Suplementasi tablet besi dan perbaikan asupan zat gizi terutama sumber zat besi merupakan upaya penanggulangananemia yang banyak dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi dan tingkat kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet besi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Kembaran Kabupaten Banyumas.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional (survey) dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian 50 ibu hamil trimester III. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil: Persentase anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 56,0%. Hasil analisis multivariat hanya kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet besi yang berhubungan bermakna (p=0,001, RP=3,7; 95% CI:2,06-6,82) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Harga sumber makanan hewani yang mahal, keanekaragaman sumber makanan hewani yang terbatas, dan ketidaksukaan mengonsumsi sumber makanan hewani menyebabkan ibu hamil memilih sumber makanan nabati yang murah dan mudah didapat.Kesimpulan: Asupan zat gizi terutama zat besi dan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi masih menjadi penyebab anemia pada ibu hamil. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya penanggulangan dan pencegahan anemia ibu hamil dengan cara peningkatan keanekaragaman konsumsi bahan makanan sumber zat besi, kesadaran ibu hamil untuk mengonsumsi tablet besi, dan peran serta suami dalam mendorong ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi.KATA KUNCI: anemia, kepatuhan minum tablet besi, asupan zat gizi

Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Nutritional status, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Medical therapy, Psychology, Lama, biology.organism_classification, biology, Psychiatry, General hospital, Correlation and dependence, INAP, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, anxiety, heart failure patients, length of stay, nutritional status, kecemasan, pasien jantun, lama rawat, status gizi, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problem occured in hospitality patient. The prevalence of anxiety in chronic heart failure patients was 11-45%. Anxiety in heart failure patients could worsening patient’s condition that lead to increased ischemic event, morbidity, negative effects onquality of life, and mortality. Despite anxiety, nutritional status is also one of the most important thing in mantaining patient’s health. Malnutrition has association with increased morbidity, complication, length of stay (LOS), medical therapy, and hospital fees.Objectives: To know the impact of nutritional status and anxiety on LOS in chronic heart failure patients at Jenderal Ahmad Yani General Hospital, Metro, Lampung.Methods: This was an observational quantitative study with cohort prospective design. The research was conducted on July 2014. Subjects were 70 patients who full fi lled the inclusive requirement, patients with anxiety as exposed group and patients without anxiety as non-exposed group. Anxiety was assessedwith Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while nutritional status was assessed by upper-arm circumference. Data were analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression test.Results: Bivariate test showed that there was significant association between anxiety with LOS (pstatus tended to have shorter LOS than that of with undernutrition (RR=2.28). Multivariate test showed that there was an association between anxiety and LOS (pConclusions: There was an association between anxiety and LOS. Patients without anxiety had shorter LOS than that of with anxiety. There was association between nutritional status and LOS. Patients with normal nutritional status had shorter LOS than undernutrition patients.KEYWORDS: anxiety, heart failure patients, length of stay, nutritional statusABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kecemasan merupakan salah satu masalah psikologi yang banyak dialami oleh pasien di rumah sakit. Prevalensi kecemasan pada pasien gagal jantung sekitar 11-45%. Kecemasan pada penyakit jantung yang tidak teratasi dapat berakibat pada penurunan kualitas hidup pasien, peningkataniskemik, dan kejadian masuk rumah sakit berulang yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan mortalitas. Selain kecemasan, status gizi juga menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam menunjang kesehatan pasien. Malnutrisi berhubungan dengan peningkatan kesakitan, komplikasi, lama rawat inap, terapi medis, danbiaya perawatan rumah sakit. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh status kecemasan dan status gizi saat masuk terhadap lama rawat inap pada pasien jantung di RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Metro, Lampung.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional kuantitatif dengan rancangan cohort prospective. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2014. Subjek penelitian adalah 70 pasien jantung di RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani Metro yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan kelompok terpapar adalah pasien jantung dengan kecemasan dan pasien jantung tanpa kecemasan sebagai kelompok tidak terpapar. Status kecemasan diukur dengan kuesioner Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sedangkan status gizi diukur dengan lingkar lengan atas. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap (pdengan status gizi baik cenderung memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek daripada subjek dengan status gizi kurang (RR=2,28). Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap (pKesimpulan: Ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap. Pasien tanpa kecemasan memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek dari pada pasien jantung dengan kecemasan. Ada hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan lama rawat inap. Pasien jantung berstatus gizi baik memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek daripada pasien jantung berstatus gizi kurang.KATA KUNCI: kecemasan, pasien jantung, lama rawat, status gizi

Gerontology, Developmental age, Eating habits, Psychology, Snacking, Demography, Wasting, medicine.symptom, medicine, Nutritional status, snacking habit, diet, nutritional status, elementary school children, kebiasaan jajan, pola makan, status gizi, anak sekolah dasar, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: Elementary school children are in the developmental age, thus need nutritions with good and proper quality and quantity. Nutrient needs can be fulfilled through eating habits. Snacking habit can also contribute to nutritional status in children if the snack consumed has good quality in term of the typeand quantity.Objectives: To understand the relationship between snacking habit and diet with nutritional status of elementary school children in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was an observational research with cross sectional approach. This study population was all students in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta grades III, IV, V, that were 160 respondents. The sample used in this study was 65 people selected by using simple random sampling. The process ofselecting a random sample was based on the random number table. The research instruments used were questionnaires, form of 24 -hour food recall for 1 day, bathroom scales, and microtoise. The collected data was analyzed by using a statistical test chi-square.Results: Respondents who had frequent snacking habit with a normal nutritional status was 27 respondents (81%), whereas those who had less frequent snacking habit with wasting nutritional status was 7 respondents (21.9%). Respondents with a good diet (>80% RDA) with wasting nutritional status was 9 respondents (75%) and respondents who had bad diet with normal nutritional status was 34 respondents (66%). Chi-Square analysis in the relationship between snacking habit and nutritional status obtained 0.781 p value (p>0.05) which mean that there was no statistically significant of relationship between snacking habits and child’s nutritional status. Whereas Chi-Square analysis of diet and nutritional status showed a significant relationship with 0.008 p value (pConclusions: There was a relationship between diet and nutritional status of elementary school children, but there was no relationship between snacking habits and nutritional status of them.KEYWORDS: snacking habit, diet, nutritional status, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anak usia sekolah dasar termasuk usia perkembangan sehingga membutuhkan nutrisi dengan kualitas maupun kuantitas yang baik dan benar. Kebutuhan gizi tersebut di antaranya dapat dipenuhi melalui kebiasaan makan. Pola jajan juga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap status gizi anak apabila jenis jajan yang dikonsumsi berkualitas dari segi jenis dan kandungan gizinya.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan jajan dan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa dari kelas III, IV, V yang berjumlah 160 siswa di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 65 yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Proses memilih sejumlah sampel secara random berdasarkan tabel bilangan random. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner, formulir food recall 24 jam selama 1 hari, timbangan injak, dan microtois. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistic chi-square.Hasil: Responden yang memiliki kebiasaan jajan sering dengan status gizi normal yaitu sebanyak 27 responden (81%), dan yang tidak sering jajan dengan status gizi kurus berjumlah 7 responden (21,9%). Responden dengan pola makan yang baik >80% AKG dengan status gizi kurus sebesar 9 responden (75%) dan responden yang memiliki pola makan tidak baik dengan status gizi normal sebesar 34 responden (66%). Hasil analisis chi-square hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,781 (p>0,05) yang berarti bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi. Hasil analisis Chi-Square hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,008 (pKesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Ada hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan jajan, pola makan, status gizi, anak sekolah dasar

lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Discharge home, INAP, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Gynecology, Discharge status, Increased risk, Nutrition support, Elderly people, business.industry, business, High risk patients, Lama, biology.organism_classification, and biology

Background: The number of elderly people (over 60 years old) is growing rapidly in this 21th century, reaching as many as 425 millions (+ 6.8%) worldwide in 2000. This figure is estimated almost twice in 2025. In Indonesia, percentage the elderly people in 1995 was as much as 7.5%. In line with the increasing of live expectancy of the number of the elderly will grow bigger. This is related to greater need of health service for the eldery. In older people, nutrition problem is closely associated with disease. One factor that causes nutrition problem in the elderly is the increase of morbidity. Increased risk for disease and nutrition problem in the elderly require early identification of risk for malnutrition in the elderly. Routine assessment of preliminary nutritional status of patients being hospitalized is essential in order to get an overview of nutritional status patients at a time, detect high risk patients and help to identify nutrition treatment specifically for each patient so that appropriate nutrition support can be given to improve nutrition status of patient.Objectives: To identify the impact of early screening nutrition result based on MNA method to the length of stay and discharge status of elderly patients at inpatient ward of internal medicine and neurology of Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.Methods: The study was observational that used prospective cohort design and was undertaken at inpatient ward of internal in medicine and neurologyod Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta on August-November 2009. Data were collected by the researcher with the help of an enumerator, i.e. nutritionsist at inpatient ward.Results: The result of study showed that impact of screening result during initial hospitalization to length of stay of eldery patients based on MNA method was RR 1.63. This indicated that malnourished patients were at risk for being hospitalized > 7 days 1.63 times longer than those not malnourished. Impact of result screening during initial hospitalization to discharge status of eldery patients based on MNA method was RR 1.29. This indicated that malnourished patient were at risk for uncovered discharged as much as 1.29 greater than those not malnourhized.Conclusions: There was no impact of screening result in admission to length of stay. There was impact of nutritional status to length of discharged status.KEYWORDS: discharge home, length of stay, nutritional status in initial admission.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pertumbuhan penduduk lanjut usia (umur ≥60 tahun) meningkat secara cepat pada abad 21 ini, yang pada 2000 di seluruh dunia telah mencapai 425 juta jiwa (± 6,8%). Jumlah ini diperkirakan akan mengalami peningkatan hampir dua kali lipat pada 2025. Di Indonesia, persentase lanjut usia pada 1995 mencapai 7,5%. Dengan meningkatnya angka harapan hidup, jumlah lanjut usia pun akan bertambah banyak. Hal ini terkait dengan perlunya peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan lanjut usia. Pada lanjut usia, masalah gizi erat kaitannya dengan penyakit. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan lanjut usia menjadi rawan gizi yaitu peningkatan morbiditas penyakit. Dengan meningkatnya risiko penyakit dan disertai gangguan nutrisi pada lanjut usia, perlu dilakukan identifikasi risiko malnutrisi pada lanjut usia sedini mungkin. Penilaian status gizi awal pasien masuk rumah sakit sangat penting dilakukan secara rutin karena dapat menggambarkan status gizi pasien saat itu, mendeteksi pasien-pasien yang berisiko tinggi, dan membantu mengidentifikasi perawatan gizi secara spesifik pada masing-masing pasien sehingga dukungan nutrisi yang tepat dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatan status gizi pasien.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh hasil skrining awal berdasarkan metode MNA (mini nutritional assessment) terhadap lama rawat inap dan status pulang pasien lanjut pada ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam dan saraf di RSUP Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan kohort prospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam dan saraf pada pasien lanjut usia di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-November 2009. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan bantuan enumerator yaitu ahli gizi yang bertugas di ruang rawat inap.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil skrining dengan metode MNA pada pasien lanjut usia terhadap lama rawat inap, maka diketahui bahwa nilai RR=1,63. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang terpapar (malnutrisi) berisiko dirawat selama ≥7 hari adalah 1,63 kali lebih besar daripada pasien yang tidak terpapar (tidakmalnutrisi). Berdasarkan hasil regresi logistik tidak ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh secara statistik antara usia, jenis penyakit dan kelas perawatan terhadap lama rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil regresi logistik, jenis penyakit memiliki pengaruh yang paling dominan dengan nilai RR 3,88 terhadap lama rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil skrining awal masuk rumah sakit terhadap status pulang pasien lanjut usia berdasarkan metode MNA, maka diketahui nilai RR=1,29. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang terpapar (malnutrisi) berisiko keluar dalam keadaan tidak sembuh sebesar 1,29 kalilebih besar daripada pasien yang tidak terpapar (tidak malnutrisi). Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi logistik ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan status pulang dengan nilai OR 9,21. Demikian pula ada pengaruh antara usia dan jenis kelamin dengan status pulang (pKesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh antara usia, jenis penyakit dan kelas perawatan terhadap lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan status pulang.KATA KUNCI: skrining, lama rawat inap, status pulang pasien

dietary pattern, food taboos, pregnant women, chronic energy deficiencies, pola makan, pantangan makan, ibu hamil, KEK, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Medicine, business.industry, business, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Dietary pattern, Correlation and dependence, Energy deficiency, Gerontology, and Chronic malnutrition

Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a chronic malnutrition in calorie and protein that become a nutritional problem in pregnant women. Prevalence of CED in Indonesia in 2013 is 23.4% and Sedayu Subdistrict is 11.4%. Impact of CED in pregnant women is the risk of low birth weight and its relationship with increase chronic desease in the future. Dietary pattern and food taboo are factor risks of nutritional problem of pregnant women.Objectives: To analyze association between dietary pattern and food taboo with chronic energy deficiencies in pregnant women in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul,Yogyakarta.Methods: This was an observational study with cross sectional design with approachment in quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative method used focus group disscussion (FGD) with 14 CED and non CED in pregnant women. Samples were 201 pregnant women in Sedayu Subdisctrict that were collected by total sampling methods. This research was held in April until June 2014. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (descriptive), bivariate (chi-square and Mann Whitney), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). Intake of energy and carbohydrate was analyzed by using Nutrisurvey software.Results: Chi-square showed that there was no significant association between dietary pattern and food taboo with CED in pregnant women (p>0.05). A number of 17.91% pregnant women had the risk of CED, 20.99 % had less of source prime energy, and 20.22% had food taboo. Food taboo is food that rich in protein, vitamin and mineral (fruit and vegetable) and energy.Conclusions: There was no significant association between dietary pattern and food taboo with CED in pregnant women.KEYWORDS: dietary pattern, food taboos, pregnant women, chronic energy deficienciesABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) merupakan keadaan kekurangan zat gizi terutama energi dan protein yang masih menjadi masalah gizi pada ibu hamil. Prevalensi KEK di Indonesia tahun 2013 sebesar 23,4 % dan Kecamatan Sedayu sebesar 11,4% masih merupakan masalah kesehatan. Ibuhamil yang KEK berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan rendah dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis di masa depan. Pola makan dan pantangan makan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari masalah gizi ibu hamil.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dan pantangan makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang berada di Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul. Metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan focus group disscussion (FGD) kepada kelompok ibu hamil yang KEK dan tidak KEK yang berjumlah 14 orang. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel total sampling, yang berjumlah 201 orang ibu hamil. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2014. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat (deskriptif), bivariat (chi-square dan Mann Whitney) dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Data asupan energi dan protein dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Nutrisurvey.Hasil: Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pola makan dan pantangan makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil (p>0,05). Sebanyak 17,91% ibu hamil berisiko KEK, 20,99% diantaranya mempunyai pola makan pokok (nasi) yang kurang dan 20,22% masih mempunyai pantangan makan. Makanan yang dipantang yaitu makanan sumber protein, sumber vitamin dan mineral (buah dan sayur), dan bahan makanan sumber energi.Kesimpulan: Pola makan dan pantangan makan pada ibu hamil tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian KEK.KATA KUNCI: pola makan, pantangan makan, ibu hamil, KEK

asupan gizi, HIV anak , jumlah CD4 +, stunting, HIV-infected children, stunting, CD4+ count, nutrient intake, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Medicine, business.industry, business, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medicine.disease_cause, Correlation, and Physiology

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan infeksi HIV anak di Indonesia searah dengan peningkatan presentase penularan AIDS dari ibu ke anaknya dari 3% (2013) menjadi 4,6% (2015). HIV anak menjalani terapi antiretroviral (ARV) untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel T-CD4+. Stadium klinis berat pada HIV anak menurunkan jumlah CD4+. Pemberian suplementasi zat gizi makro dan mikro dapat meningkatkan status gizi HIV anak yang menjalani ARV.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan energi, protein, dan lemak terhadap status gizi berdasarkan berat badan dan jumlah CD4+ pada HIV anak di Kota dan Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Subjek yaitu anak usia 1-14 tahun sebanyak 31 subjek. Data dikumpulkan meliputi tinggi badan (TB), berat badan (BB), asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan metode food recall 2x24 jam. Jumlah CD4+ melalui pemeriksaan darah subjek. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Regresi Logistik untuk menghitung Prevalence Rasio (PR). Hasil: Asupan protein memberikan risiko bermakna terhadap rendahnya jumlah CD4+ (PR=2,8; p=0,018; CI=1,331-5,891). Kesimpulan: Asupan gizi (energi, protein, lemak) tidak terkait dengan berat badan rendah (BB/U) dan stunting (TB/U). Asupan zat gizi yang berhubungan bermakna dengan jumlah CD4+ yang rendah (3) hanya asupan protein. Asupan protein yang kurang pada HIV anak berisiko mengalami suppresi berat (jumlah CD4+ 3) sebesar 3,036 kali KATA KUNCI: asupan gizi, HIV anak , jumlah CD4 +, stunting ABSTRACTBackground: The increase in HIV-infected children in Indonesia in line with the increase percentage of HIV positive children from mother to child transmission from 3% (2013) to 4.6% (2015). HIV-infected children using antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to increase the T-cells CD4+ count in HIV-infected children patients. Clinical stage heavily on lowering the CD4+ count for HIV-infected children. Supplementation of macro and micronutrients can improve the nutritional status of children using antiretroviral HIV. Objectives. The study aimed to analyze the relationship of intake of energy, protein, fat and clinical stage of nutritional status and CD4 counts for HIV-infected children in the regional district and the city of Semarang.Methods: A cross-sectional study in The Regional District and the City of Semarang. The subject of 31 HIV-infected children aged 1-14 years. Data collected included height, body weight, nutrient intake obtained by the method of Food Recall 2x24 hours. The number of CD4+ through blood test subjects. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The intake of protein significantly increase the of low CD4+ count (PR = 3.036; p = 0.021; CI = 1.211 to 7.608 and PR = 2.8; p = 0.018; CI = 1.331 to 5.891). Conclusions: Nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low body weight (WAZ), stunting (HAZ) and nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low CD4 + incidence ( KEYWORDS: CD4+ count, HIV-infected children, nutrient intake, stunting

Income level, Health services, Demography, Geography, Nutritional status, Human life, Well nourished, Food frequency questionnaire, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and lcsh:TX341-641

Background: Nutrition has an important role in human life cycle. Undernourishment in infants and underfives can cause growth and development disorder. Development of Papua community begins from village empowerment, such as nutrition improvement, health service, and people’s economy. There are544 fisherman families at District of Jayapura Utara. Main stipend of Papua community consists of rice, sago, hipere, taro and banana. Sago is consumed by the majority of people residing at coastal areas. Nutrition Status Monitoring of Jayapura Municipal Health Office in 2008 indicated that 3.4% of underfiveswere malnourished, 17.8% undernourished, 76% well nourished and 2.8% overnourished.Objectives: To identify correlation between level of income and diet pattern with nutritional status of underfive in fi sherman area of Jayapura District Jayapura Municipality.Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The independent variables were level of income and eating pattern; the dependent variable was nutritional status. The study was undertaken in October-December 2010 at District of North Jayapura, Jayapura Municipality involving 162 underfives (of 12-59 moths), and mothers of underfives as respondents. Data were obtained through questionnaire of income, eating pattern using food frequency questionnaire, nutritional status measured from anthropometrybased on weight/age standard of WHO 2005. Data analysis used bivariate with chi square, multivariate with multiple logistic regression.Results: There was signifi cant correlation between income level with nutritional status with (p=0.000) and between diet pattern with nutritional status (p=0.000).Conclusions: Underfives having parents with sufficient income had better nutritional status than those having parent with insufficient income. Underfives with good diet pattern had better nutritional status than those with poor diet pattern.KEYWORDS: income, diet pattern, nutrition status of underfives, fisherman areaABSTRAKLatar belakang: Secara nasional, prevalensi balita gizi buruk dan kurang menurun sebanyak 0,5% menjadi 17,9%. Prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang Provinsi Papua menurut Riskesdas tahun 2010 sebanyak 16,3%. Data neraca bahan makanan (NBM) Provinsi Papua secara kuantitas menunjukkan rata-rata peningkatan produksi bahan makanan di antaranya beras, jagung, umbi-umbian. Secara kualitas, energi dan protein melebihi angka kecukupan gizi (AKG), tetapi status gizi buruk dan kurang di Kota Jayapura mencapai 21,2% yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, yaitu tingkat pendapatan, pola makan, pengetahuan ibu, jumlah anggota dalam keluarga.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendapatan dan pola makan dengan status gizi balita di daerah nelayan Distrik Jayapura Utara, Kota Jayapura.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 162 balita (usia 12-59 bulan) dan ibu balita sebagai responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tingkat pendapatan, pola makan anak dalam keluarga menggunakan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), status gizi diukur menggunakan antropometri berdasarkan BB/U standar baku WHO 2005. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi-square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan multiple logistic regression.Hasil: Tingkat pendapatan dengan status gizi menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai (p=0,000). Pola makan dengan status gizi menunjukkan hubungan yang bemakna yaitu (p= 0,010). Variabel luar pengetahuan ibu dengan status gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna, yaitu p>0,05.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendapatan dengan status gizi, pola makan dengan status gizi.Tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu dengan status gizi, dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi.KATA KUNCI: tingkat pendapatan, pola makan, status gizi balita, daerah nelayan

Latar belakang: Anemia kehamilan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang yang berkontribusi terhadap risiko tinggi komplikasi kehamilan. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang memiliki risiko anemia yang lebih tinggi yang bisa disebabkan oleh kekurangan asupan zat gizi mikro, infeksi, atau faktor sosial-demografis lainnya.Tujuan: Identifikasi prevalensi dan faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil yang tinggal di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analisis data sekunder dari studi kohort prospektif yaitu "“Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) di Sumatera Barat". Subyek ibu hamil trimester diperoleh dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada Januari-Maret 2017. Data demografi, sosial ekonomi, antropometri, dan Riwayat kesehatan ibu diteliti. Regresi logistik biner multivariatdigunakan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor terkait anemia. Dalam semua kasus, nilai p kurang dari 0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik.Hasil: 176 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diambil dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi anemia ditemukan sebesar 61,90%. Rerata konsentrasi hemoglobin adalah 10,56 ± 1,41 g / dL. Prevalensi anemia sedang dan ringan masing-masing adalah 34% dan 27%. Status anemia ibu hamil trimester ketiga berhubungan dengan wanita yang memiliki Kesimpulan: Terdapat masih tingginya prevalensi anemia pada wanita hamil di Sumatera Barat. Oleh karena itu, meningkatkan kesadaran akan suplementasi zat besi dan kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan nutrisi selama kehamilan perlu dipertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan ibu untuk mengurangi anemia. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan dengan ukuran sampel yang besar untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan ini.KATA KUNCI: anemia; faktor risiko; kehamilan; trimester ketiga; Sumatra Barat ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia during pregnancy remain to be a public health problem in developing countries which contributes to the high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Indonesia as developing country has a higher risk of anemia that could be due to high of deficiencies of micronutrients intake, infection, or other socio-demographic factors.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors anemia among pregnant women living in West Sumatra, Indonesia.Methods: The study is a secondary data analysis of prospective cohort study named “Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) study in West Sumatra”. The third trimester pregnant women were enrolled from the public health centers in West Sumatra Province from January to March 2017. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data of demographic, socio-economic, anthropometry, and maternal health from all the study subjects. A multivariate binary logistic regression had been used to determine the associated factors of anemia. In all cases, P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 176 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled this study. The prevalence of anemia was 61.90%. The mean of hemoglobin concentration was 10.56±1.41 g/dL. Moderate and mild anemia prevalence were 34% and 27%, respectively. The third trimester of pregnant women anemia status were associated with women who had Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of anemia status in the third pregnant women in West Sumatra. Therefore, raise awareness of iron supplementation and health related to nutrition during pregnancy need to be considered to improve maternal health status to reduce anemia. However, further studies required with large sample size to confirm this finding.KEYWORDS: anemia; risk factors; third trimester; pregnancy; West Sumatra

lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Self report, Medicine, business.industry, business, Food frequency, Quality of sleep, Short sleep, Gerontology, Poor sleep, Sedentary lifestyle, Physical activity, Obesity, medicine.disease, and Environmental health

Background: The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is expected to continue to increase each year. Many factors contribute to obesity, one of which is the duration and quality of sleep. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality lead to increase energy intake and increase sedentary lifestyle that will have an impact on obesity in children.Objective: To examine the difference in duration and quality of sleep between obese and non-obese children, and to examine whether short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were risk factors of obesity in elementary school children in City of Yogyakarta and Bantul Regency.Methods: This was a case control study. A random sample of 244 obese and 244 grade-matched non-obese elementary school students were selected form a cross-sectional survey previously done in the City of Yogyakarta and Bantul Regency. Information of sleep quality was collected using sleep self report questionnaires, sleep duration using recall of physical activity during the last week, nutrient intakes using a food frequency questionnaires and socio-economicusing structured questionnaires. Results: There was a signifi cant relationship between sleep duration and obesity. The odds of being obese was 1.7 (OR=1,74, 95%CI: 1.06-2.84) times higher in children who slept Conclusion: Short sleep duration was associatied with increased odds of being obese in elementary school children. KEYWORDS: sleep duration, sleep quality, obesity, elementary school children.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Banyak faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap obesitas, salah satunya adalah durasi dan kualitas tidur. Durasi tidur yang pendek dan kualitas tidur yang buruk menyebabkan peningkatan asupan energi dan peningkatan gaya hidup yang akan berdampak pada obesitas pada anak-anak.Tujuan: Menguji perbedaan durasi dan kualitas tidur antara anak obesitas dan non obesitas, dan apakah durasi tidur yang pendek dan kualitas tidur yang buruk merupakan faktor risiko obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar di Yogyakarta.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kasus kontrol. Sampel diambil secara acak sebanyak 244 anak SD obes dan 244 anak SD non-obes yang sebelumnya telah dipilih menggunakan metode cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Data kualitas tidur diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner catatan tidur, sedangkan durasi tidur dengan recall aktivitas fi sik selama satu minggu, asupan gizi dengan food frequency questionnaire, dan sosial ekonomi dengan kuesioner terstruktur.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifi kan antara durasi tidur dengan obesitas. Anak yang tidur 10 jam/hari. Anak dengan kualitas tidur yang buruk kemungkinan mengalami obesitas 1.9 (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 0.95-3.71) kali dibandingkan dengan yang kualitas tidurnya baik, namun secara statistik tidak signifi kan.Kesimpulan: Durasi tidur yang pendek berhubungan dengan peningkatan kemungkinan untuk mengalami obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar.KATA KUNCI: durasi tidur, kualitas tidur, obesitas, anak SD

energy intake, protein intake, stunting, child, asupan energi, asupan protein, anak, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Food frequency questionnaire, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Protein intake, Geography, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Birth weight, Logistic regression, and Environmental health

Background: Stunting was a chronic nutrition problem that still be a concern in the developing nations include Indonesia. The direct cause of stunting was infectious disease and inadequate food intake such as energy and protein deficiency. In Indonesia in 2010, the prevalence of stunting was 35.7%, inYogyakarta as much as 22.5%, in Bantul District in 2012 was 18.08% and in Sedayu Subdistrict was 30.51%.Objectives: To know the history of energy and protein intake as the risk factors of stunting in children of 6-23 months.Methods: This was an observational study with case-control design. The population were children aged 6-23 months who lived in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul. The measurement energy and protein intake used a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and determination of stunting used the WHO standard anthro 2005. Samples were selected by total sampling approachment. Data was analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression test.Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that birth weight and maternal height had significant association with stunting (pConclusions: Low energy and protein intakes were not risk factors of stunting in children 6-23 months. Maternal height was dominant variable that influenced the stunting incidence.KEYWORDS: energy intake, protein intake, stunting, childABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi perhatian di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab langsung stunting adalah penyakit infeksi dan asupan makanan yang tidak memadai seperti kurang energi dan protein. Di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 prevalensi stunting sebanyak 35,7%, di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebanyak 22,5%, di Kabupaten Bantul tahun 2012 sebesar 18,08% dan Kecamatan Sedayu 30,51%.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui riwayat asupan energi dan protein sebagai faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan case-control. Populasinya seluruh anak usia 6-23 bulan yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul. Pengukuran asupan energi dan protein dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire dan penentuan stunting dengan menggunakan baku standar WHO anthro 2005. Cara pengambilan sampel adalah dengan total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Berat bayi lahir dan tinggi badan ibu menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting (p0,05). Secara multivariat, tinggi badan ibu merupakan variabel yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap stunting(OR=2,06).Kesimpulan: Asupan energi dan protein yang kurang bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Tinggi badan ibu merupakan variabel yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting.KATA KUNCI: asupan energi, asupan protein, stunting, anak

stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practice, growth, ASI eksklusif, praktik makan, pertumbuhan, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, lcsh:TX341-641, Correlation and dependence, Geography, Public health, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Demography, Multistage sampling, Pediatrics, Breastfeeding, and Logistic regression

Background: Stunting in children is one of public health problem in Indonesia. Stunting is a serious problem because it is linked with the quality of human capital in future. Objectives: To determine the association between exclusive breastfeeding practice and stunting in young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data was obtained from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Riskesdas 2013 used multistage cluster sampling. Subject in this study was 6.956 young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia which was selected purposively. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression by adjusting the sampling weight for survey analysis.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against stunting, but the result was not significant both for exclusive breastfeeding >6 months (OR=0,99, 95% CI: 0,63–1,59) and exclusive breastfeeding 4-Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding is not the only factor contributing to stunting in children. Optimal complementary feeding practice should also be the focus of intervention. Improvement in nutritional status since the preconception and during the pregnancy, and household economy status may reduce stunting problem in children.KEYWORDS: stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practice, growth ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting pada anak-anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Stunting menjadi masalah yang serius karena dikaitkan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia di kemudian hari.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif dan stunting pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Data didapatkan dari hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada Riskesdas 2013 adalah multistage cluster sampling. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 6.956 anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan mempertimbangkan sampling weight untuk analisis survei.Hasil: ASI eksklusif bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak, namun hasilnya tidak signifikan, baik untuk ASI eksklusif >6 bulan (OR=0,99, 95% CI 0,63–1,59) maupun ASI eksklusif 4-menengah (OR=1,32, 95% CI: 1,06–1,64) masing-masing berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko stunting pada anak.Kesimpulan: ASI eksklusif bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak. Pemberian MPASI yang optimal juga harus diperhatikan. Perbaikan status gizi sejak masa prekonsepsi dan selama kehamilan, serta status ekonomi rumah tangga diharapkan mampu menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak.KATA KUNCI: stunting, ASI eksklusif, praktik makan, pertumbuhan