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nutrition, dietetics, food, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

self-confidence, dietitians performance, energy and protein intake, kepercayaan diri, kinerja ahli gizi, asupan energi dan protein, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of hospital malnutrition is still high. Prevalence of malnutrition was 56.9% at three hospital in Indonesia, such as Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Jamil Hospital Padang, and Sanglah Hospital Bali. Diet therapy might improve nutritional intake. Standardized nutrition care process (SNCP) helps dietitian to make a decision with critical thinking to improve the quality of nutritional care, i.e. safe and effective. Dietitians need self-confi dence in applying their knowledge to accomplish their works. Several studies showed that higher self-confi dence correlated with higher performance. That would have positive impact on patients outcomes.Objectives: To fi nd out the differences in patient energy and protein intake based on dietitians selfconfidence in implementing SNCP.Methods: An observational study was used in this study with cross sectional design involving dietitians and hospitalized patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using independence t test, chi-square, and Anova.Results: There was no significant difference in percentage average of patients energy intake of high self confidence compared to low self confi dence (lower 6.3%, p=0.13), as well as in protein intake (higher 1.8%, p=0.73). The percentage average of energy in nutritional intake, which energy intake was 3.0% (p=0.49) lower in good performance and protein intake was 7.1% (p=0.20) higher in good performance, had no statistical difference with dietitians performance. There was also no statistical difference between dietitians performance and dietitians self-confi dence(p=0.23). Conclusions: There were no differences between average percentage of energy and protein intake with dietitians self-confidence and dietitians performance. There was also no difference between dietitians performance and their self-confidence.KEYWORDS: self-confidence, dietitians performance, energy and protein intake ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kejadian hospital malnutrition masih tinggi. Prevalensi malnutrisi di tiga rumah sakit di Indonesia, yaitu RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, RSUP Jamil Padang, dan RSUD Sanglah Bali sebesar 56,9%. Terapi diet dapat meningkatkan asupan gizi proses asuhan gizi terstandar (PAGT) membantu ahli gizi membuat keputusan dengan berpikir kritis dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas asuhan gizi yang aman dan efektif. Ahli gizi memerlukan kepercayaan diri dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Beberapa penelitian medis menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan diri yang tinggi berhubungan dengan kinerja yang lebih baik. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak positif terhadap outcome pasien. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan energi dan protein pasien menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi dalam menerapkan PAGT.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah ahli gizi dan pasien rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, dengan masing-masing berjumlah 12 subjek dan 90 subjek, menggunakan teknik convenience sampling dan quota sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Analisis data secara bivariat dilakukan dengan uji t, chi-square, dan anova. Hasil: Asupan energi pasien pada kepercayaan diri ahli gizi baik tidak berbeda dengan kepercayaan diri ahli gizi yang tidak baik (lebih rendah 6,3%, p=0,13), demikian juga dengan asupan protein (lebih tinggi 1,8%, p=0,73). Tidak ada perbedaan rerata persentase asupan energi, yaitu selisih 3,0% (p=0,49) lebih rendah pada kinerja baik dan protein 7,1% (p=0,20) lebih tinggi pada kinerja baik. Tidak ada perbedaan kinerja ahli gizi menurut tingkat kepercayaan dirinya (p=0,23). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan asupan energi dan protein menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kinerja ahli gizi, serta kinerja menurut tingkat kepercayaan diri ahli gizi.KATA KUNCI: kepercayaan diri, kinerja ahli gizi, asupan energi dan protein

exclusive breastfeeding, infectious disease, nutritional status, ASI eksklusif, penyakit infeksi, status gizi, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition and severe undernutrition is one of the main health problems faced in developing countries. In Indonesia, health problems and the child’s growth are influenced by two main issues , namely a state of good nutrition and the prevalence of infectious diseases . Worsening child malnutrition can occur because of ignorance of the mother about the manner of breastfeeding to their children. Yogyakarta city still has the highest prevalence of malnutrition (W/A) , as compared to four other districts in the amount of 1.04 % (exceeding the target of the action plan for food and nutrition is < 1%).Objectives: To know the nutritional status of children (12-24 months) in terms of the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of infectious diseases at the Mergangsan health center in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research used quantitative descriptive method with cross sectional approach. Subjects were children aged 12-24 who months were recorded in four villages Kaparakan Integrated Health Centre (RW III , VII , IX , and XII) in Puskesmas Mergangsan, Yogyakarta. The sampling technique of this study used total sampling, the number of samples were 34 respondents. Data were collected by using a questionnaire.Results: Most children did not receive exclusive breastfeeding (55.9%). All of the children had infectious diseases (diarrhea, respiratory infection) in the last one month. Most of children had good nutrition (58.8%), and 86.7% children received exclusive breastfeeding. Meanwhile, 36.8% children did not. Most of children who had infectious diseases history were included in good nutritional status. Conclusion: Children who had a history of exclusive breastfeeding was 86.7%, while those who had not breastfeeding exclusively was 36.8%. Most of children with good nutritional status had experiences of infectious diseases (diarrhea, respiratory infection). KEYWORDS: exclusive breastfeeding, infectious disease, nutritional statusABSTRAKLatar belakang: Gizi kurang dan buruk merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, masalah kesehatan dan pertumbuhan anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh dua persoalan utama yaitu keadaan gizi yang tidak baik dan merajalelanya penyakit infeksi. Memburuknya gizi anak dapat terjadi karena ketidaktahuan ibu mengenai tata cara pemberian ASI kepada anaknya. Kota Yogyakarta masih memiliki prevalensi gizi buruk tertinggi (BB/U) dibandingkan empat kabupaten lainnya, yaitu sebesar 1,04% (melebihi target rencana aksi daerah pangan dan gizi.Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran status gizi anak (12-24 bulan) ditinjau dari riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan kejadian penyakit infeksi di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan yang tercatat di 4 Posyandu Kelurahan Kaparakan (RW III, VII, IX, dan XII) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mergangsan, Kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 34 responden. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: Sebagian besar anak tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif (55,9%). Semua anak pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA) dalam 1 bulan terakhir. Mayoritas anak memiliki gizi baik (58,8%) dengan jumlah anak yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebesar 86,7%, sedangkan yang tidak mendapat ASI ekslusif sebesar 36,8%. Mayoritas anak yang pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi berstatus gizi baik (58,8%).Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar anak memiliki riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif. Terdapat lebih dari sebagian anak dengan status gizi baik pernah mengalami penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA). KATA KUNCI: ASI eksklusif, penyakit infeksi, status gizi

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

Background: Act No. 25/2000 about National Development Program and Vision Healthy Indonesia 2010 specifi ed that 80% of Indonesian families become nutrition aware families. The result of survey on nutrition aware families in indicated that in 2006 as much as 52.7% and in 2007 as much as 27.2% of families were not yet nutrition aware. The result of nutritional status monitoring of underfi ves (Z-score) showed undernourishment increased from 5.1% in 2004 to 10.1% in 2005.Objective: To analyze association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family and nutrition status of underfi ves at District of Tanah Laut, Province of Kalimantan Selatan.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The dependentvariable was nutritional status of underfi ves (z-score for weight/length); the independent variables were nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family; and the confounding variables were characteristics of the family (parents’ education, number of the family members, knowledge of mothers about nutrition and family income). Subject consisted of underfi ves of 6–24 months with as many as 198 underfi ves. Data analysis used chi square and double logistic regression (multiple logistic regression) and qualitative analysis with indepth interview for families that were not yet nutrition aware.Result: There were 145 families (73.2%) that were nutrition aware and 53 (26.8%) that were not yet nutrition aware; based on energy consumption 51.1% of families had enough food and 48.9% were undernourished; based on protein consumption 52.5% of families had enough food and 47.5% were undernourished; and children with good nutrition status were 72.6% for boys and 72.8% or girls. There was signifi cant association between nutrition aware behavior and nutrition status of underfi ves (p=0.010). The result of logistic regression test showed that there was signifi cant association between the number of family members and food security of the family (pConclusion: There was no association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family based on level of energy and protein consumption. There was signifi cant association (pKEYWORDS: nutrition aware, family characteristics, food security, nutritional status of underfi vesABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 2000 tentang Program Pembangunan Nasional dan Visi Indonesia Sehat 2010 menetapkan 80% keluarga menjadi keluarga sadar gizi (kadarzi). Hasil data survei kadarzi pada tahun 2006 dan 2007 didapatkan keluarga yang belum kadarzi 52,7% dan 27,2%. Hasil pemantauan status gizi balita (z-ScoreBB/U) didapatkan status gizi kurang menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, yaitu tahun 2004 sebesar (5,1%), tahun 2005 (9,8%)dan tahun 2006 (10,1%) Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel terikat: status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB) dan variabel bebas: perilaku sadar gizi, ketahanan pangan keluarga serta variabel pengganggu: pendidikan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Subjek penelitian balita usia 6-24 bulan, jumlah 198 balita. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda (multiple logistic regression) dan didukung analisis kualitatitf dengan indepth interview bagi keluarga belum kadarzi.Hasil: Keluarga sudah kadarzi 145 (73,2%) dan belum kadarzi 53 (26,8%). Indikator kadarzi tentang dukungan keluarga memberikan ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan paling banyak tidak dilaksanakan. Alasannya adalah setelah melahirkan ASI tidak keluar, susu ibu bengkak dan mengeluarkan darah, hamil lagi, dan alasan pekerjaan. Semua keluarga menggunakan garam beryodium dalam memasak makanan. Keluarga tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi masing-masing sebesar 47,5% dan 52,5%, keluarga yang tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein masing-masing sebesar 52,5% dan 47,5% dan status gizi balita hasil z-score BB/TB didapatkan balita gizi baik 72,7% dan gizi kurang 27,3%. Perilaku sadar gizi berhubungan signifi kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi (p0,05).Kesimpulan: Perilaku sadar gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signifikan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi, sedangan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signifi kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein. Perilaku sadar gizi keluarga dan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB).KATA KUNCI: keluarga sadar gizi, karakteritik keluarga, ketahanan pangan, status gizi balita

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: More than 200 million children under 5 years old in developing countries are not fulfilled its development potential. Child potential development is influenced by several factors, such as biological factors, psychosocial, physical, social, culture, and socio-economic. People living in iodine deficiency area have intelligent quotient (IQ) up to 13.5 point lower than those living in the area with suffi cient iodine. The result of iodinized salt monitored by Sleman District Health Offi ce showed total goitre rate (TGR) of school children in Subdistrict of Cangkringan, District of Sleman was 39.5, which was categorized as severe iodine deficiency.Objective: To identify nutritional status (anthropometry), academic achievement, and learning motivation as risk factors of cognitive ability of elementary children in IDD endemic area.Method: The study used case control design. Samples consisted of 107 children with cognitive ability below average (score IQResult: The prevalence of short nutritional status was 25.9%. There was signifi cant association between nutritional status (height/age) (p=0.46), learning motivation (p=0.03), and academic achievement (Indonesian, p=0.00, mathematics, p=0.000), and cognitive ability. There was no association between nutritional status (Body Mass Index/age) and cognitive ability (p=0.109). Children with short nutrition status had risk 1.7 times greater for lower cognitive ability. Children with low learning motivation had risk 3.3 times greater for low cognitive ability.Conclusion: Children with cognitive ability above average had nutritional status (height/ age), learning motivation, and academic achievement (Indonesia and mathematics) better than those with cognitive ability below average.KEYWORDS: cognitive, nutritionl status, learning motivation, academic achievement, iodine deficiency disorderABSTRAKLatar belakang: Lebih dari 200 juta anak di bawah 5 tahun di negara berkembang tidak terpenuhi potensi perkembangannya. Potensi perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor biologis, psikososial, fisik, sosial budaya serta, sosial ekonomi. Masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah defisiensi iodium memiliki intelligent quotient (IQ) hingga 13,5 point lebih rendah dibandingkan masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah cukup yodium. Hasil pemantauan garam beryodium oleh Dinas Kesehatan Sleman menunjukkan total goitre rate (TGR) anak sekolah di Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman adalah 39,5%, yang tergolong dalam endemik berat.Tujuan: Mengetahui bahwa status gizi (antropometri), prestasi belajar, dan motivasi belajar sebagai faktor risiko terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak sekolah dasar di daerah endemik GAKY.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus kontrol. Jumlah subjek penelitian yaitu kelompok kasus 107 anak dengan kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata (skor IQ90). Pengumpulan data kemampuan kognitif dengan menggunakan culture fair intelligence test (CFIT), pengukuran antropometri untuk status gizi, nilai murni Bahasa Indonesia dan matematika untuk prestasi belajar dan kuesioner untuk motivasi belajar anak. Data diolah secara deskriptifanalitik menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji beda t-test.Hasil: Prevalensi status gizi pendek sebesar 25,9%. Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara status gizi (TB/U) (p=0,046), motivasi belajar (p=0,03), dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia, p=0,00, matematika, p=0,00) dengan kemampuan kognitif. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara status gizi (IMT/U) dengan kemampuan kognitif (p=0,109). Anak dengan status gizi pendek berisiko 1,7 kali memiliki kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata daripada anak normal. Anak dengan motivasi rendah berisiko 3,3 kali memilikikemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata.Kesimpulan: Anak dengan kemampuan kognitif di atas rata-rata memiliki status gizi, motivasi belajar, dan prestasi belajar (Bahasa Indonesia maupun matematika) yang lebih baik daripada yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif di bawah rata-rata.KATA KUNCI: kognitif , status gizi, motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar, endemik GAKY

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: The fi rst three years is a golden period or critical period for optimum growth and development process. Mothers at work will affect their role in taking care of their children resulting in limited time to feed the children. In 2004 it was estimated that 23% of children had development disorder; abnormal growth of infants occured 80% in mothers at work. In 2007 in Indonesia the prevalence of malnourished underfi ves was 8.8% and malnourished was 19.2%. At the Province of Sulawesi Tenggara the prevalence of under nutrition is 2.7% and undernourishment is 13.6%. At Kendari Municipality the prevalence of malnutrition is 0.9% and undernourishment is 3.2%. Objective: To identify the association between occupational status of mothers and nutrition status and development of children of 1 – 3 years at Subdistrict of Kendari Municipality.Method: This observational research used a cross sectional design and was carried out at Subdistrict of Kendari Municipality. Population were all children of 1–3 years. Subjects consisted of 150 children taken with systematic random sampling technique. Research instruments were questionnaire, recall list, Denver II Scale and length measurement. Data analysis used chi square statistical test and logistic regression with confi dence interval (CI) 95%.Result: There were no signifi cant association between occupation of mothers (p=0.106; OR=1.84), education of mothers (p=0.518; OR=1.31), income percapita (p=0.934; OR=0.91) and nutritional status of children. There was signifi cant association between feeding pattern (p=0.008; OR=2.58), duration of rearing (p=0.024; OR=2.28) and nutritional status of children. There was no signifi cant association between occupation of mothers (p=0.275; OR=1.57), education of mothers (p=0.674; OR=1.23) income percapita (p=0.516; OR=0.74) and child development. There was signifi cant association between duration of rearing and child development (p=0.029; OR=2.30). There was signifi cant association between occupation of mothers and feeding pattern of children (p=0.32; OR=2.30). Factor of feeding pattern had the greatest contribution (3%) to undernourished nutrition status; and duration of rearing contributed as much as 3% to delayed child development. Conclusion: There was no association between occupational status of mothers and nutrition status and development of children of 1-3 years. There was association between occupational status of mothers and feeding pattern of children of 1 – 3 years. There was association between feeding pattern and nutrition status of children of 1- 3 years at Subdistrict of Kadia, Kendari Municipality.KEYWORDS: occupational status of mothers, nutritional status, child development ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tiga tahun pertama merupakan periode keemasan (golden period)ataumasakritis (critical period) untuk optimalisasi proses tumbuh kembang. Ibu yang bekerja akan menghambat peran ibu dalam merawat dan mengasuh anak sehingga anak tidak mendapat waktu cukup untuk urusan makan. Pada tahun 2004 diperkirakan sekitar 23% anak mengalami gangguan perkembangan dan 80% perkembangan bayi tidak normal pada ibu yang bekerja. Pada tahun 2007, di Indonesia prevalensi balita gizi buruk 8,8% dan gizi kurang 19,2 %. Untuk daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, gizi buruk dan kurang masing-masing sebesar 2,7% dan 13,6%, sedangkan di Kota Kendari 0,9% dan 3,2%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status pekerjaan ibu dengan status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia 1–3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Wilayah penelitian di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari. Populasi adalah seluruh anak balita dengan usia 1–3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia Kota Kendari. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 156 subjek. Pengambilan sampel dengan systematic random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuesioner, daftar recall, Denver II Dacin dan panjang badan. Analisis data dengan uji Chi-Square dan regresi logistik dengan confi dence interval (CI) 95%.Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara pekerjaan ibu (p=0,106; OR=1,84), pendidikan ibu (p=0,518; OR=1,31), pendapatan per kapita (p=0,934; OR=0,91) dengan status gizi anak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifi kan antara pola asuh makan (p= 0,008; OR=2,58), waktu pengasuhan (p=0,024; OR=2,28) dengan status gizi anak. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerjaan ibu (p=0,275; OR=1,57), pendidikan ibu (p=0,674; OR=1,23), pendapatan per kapita (p=0,516;OR=0,74) dengan perkembangan anak. Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara waktu pengasuhan dengan perkembangan anak (p=0,029; OR=2,30). Terdapat hubungan signifi kan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan pola asuh makan anak (p=0,030; OR=2,30). Faktor yang kontribusinya paling besar terhadap status gizi kurang adalah pola asuh makan yaitu sebesar 3%, sedangkan terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan anak adalah waktu pengasuhan yaitu sebesar 3%.Kesimpulan: Status pekerjaan ibu tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia 1-3 tahun, Status pekerjaan ibu berhubungan dengan pola asuh makan anak usia 1-3 tahun, Pola asuh makan berhubungan dengan status gizi anak usia 1-3 tahun di Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari.KATA KUNCI: pekerjaan ibu, perkembangan anak, status gizi anak

nutritional status, hemodialysis, eating behavior, nutritional counselling, status gizi, hemodialisa, perilaku makan, konesling gizi, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground : Patients who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy must know which foods that may be consumed including foods containing animal protein, low potassium, and low salt. The role of nutritionists is needed to provide nutritional counseling related to dietary adjustment. Studies that have been conducted by previous researchers are about diet from hemodialysis patients and the various factors that affect dietary compliance of patients, but no one has been studying the relation related to nutritional status, hemoglobin, ureum, and creatinine levels before and after doing a counseling that also has a relationship with diet and dietary compliance for hemodialysis patients.Objectives : To analyze the relationship of nutritional status, hemoglobin, ureum, and creatinine levels of hemodialysis patients before and after doing nutritional counseling in RSUD Ungaran. Methods : The study used a descriptive quantitaive method with one group pretest posttest design with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in Hemodialysis Unit of RSUD Ungaran with a total sampling of 30 hemodialysis patient. Primary data were obtained from respondent’s data entry and FFQ, observation, and interviews. Secondary data were obtained from respondent’s medical records include the level of hemoglobin, urea, and cretinine. Data were analyzed using SPSS programme with Paired t Test. Results : The results of SPSS analysis showed that probability value from urea men 0,016 < 0,05 and urea women – hemoglobin men and women – creatinin men and women overall 0,000 < 0,05, which means that the average levels of those components before and after doing a nutritional counseling is different.Conclusions : A nutritional counseling indicate any change in the nutritional status of the entire hemodialysis patients, based on hemoglobin levels increased, while urea and creatinine levels decreased; but all those components are not in the normal category. Levels of hemoglobin, urea, and creatinine is changed within a period of one month after the implementation of individual nutritional counseling. It indicates that nutritional counseling efforts were given has a positive benefit for the patients to gain knowledge about dietary adjustments and implement the recommended diet in order to optimize the work of renal function excessively.KEYWORDS : nutritional status, hemodialysis, eating behavior, nutritional counseling

snacking habit, diet, nutritional status, elementary school children, kebiasaan jajan, pola makan, status gizi, anak sekolah dasar, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Elementary school children are in the developmental age, thus need nutritions with good and proper quality and quantity. Nutrient needs can be fulfilled through eating habits. Snacking habit can also contribute to nutritional status in children if the snack consumed has good quality in term of the typeand quantity.Objectives: To understand the relationship between snacking habit and diet with nutritional status of elementary school children in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was an observational research with cross sectional approach. This study population was all students in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta grades III, IV, V, that were 160 respondents. The sample used in this study was 65 people selected by using simple random sampling. The process ofselecting a random sample was based on the random number table. The research instruments used were questionnaires, form of 24 -hour food recall for 1 day, bathroom scales, and microtoise. The collected data was analyzed by using a statistical test chi-square.Results: Respondents who had frequent snacking habit with a normal nutritional status was 27 respondents (81%), whereas those who had less frequent snacking habit with wasting nutritional status was 7 respondents (21.9%). Respondents with a good diet (>80% RDA) with wasting nutritional status was 9 respondents (75%) and respondents who had bad diet with normal nutritional status was 34 respondents (66%). Chi-Square analysis in the relationship between snacking habit and nutritional status obtained 0.781 p value (p>0.05) which mean that there was no statistically significant of relationship between snacking habits and child’s nutritional status. Whereas Chi-Square analysis of diet and nutritional status showed a significant relationship with 0.008 p value (pConclusions: There was a relationship between diet and nutritional status of elementary school children, but there was no relationship between snacking habits and nutritional status of them.KEYWORDS: snacking habit, diet, nutritional status, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anak usia sekolah dasar termasuk usia perkembangan sehingga membutuhkan nutrisi dengan kualitas maupun kuantitas yang baik dan benar. Kebutuhan gizi tersebut di antaranya dapat dipenuhi melalui kebiasaan makan. Pola jajan juga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap status gizi anak apabila jenis jajan yang dikonsumsi berkualitas dari segi jenis dan kandungan gizinya.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan jajan dan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa dari kelas III, IV, V yang berjumlah 160 siswa di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 65 yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Proses memilih sejumlah sampel secara random berdasarkan tabel bilangan random. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner, formulir food recall 24 jam selama 1 hari, timbangan injak, dan microtois. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistic chi-square.Hasil: Responden yang memiliki kebiasaan jajan sering dengan status gizi normal yaitu sebanyak 27 responden (81%), dan yang tidak sering jajan dengan status gizi kurus berjumlah 7 responden (21,9%). Responden dengan pola makan yang baik >80% AKG dengan status gizi kurus sebesar 9 responden (75%) dan responden yang memiliki pola makan tidak baik dengan status gizi normal sebesar 34 responden (66%). Hasil analisis chi-square hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,781 (p>0,05) yang berarti bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi. Hasil analisis Chi-Square hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,008 (pKesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Ada hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan jajan, pola makan, status gizi, anak sekolah dasar

anxiety, heart failure patients, length of stay, nutritional status, kecemasan, pasien jantun, lama rawat, status gizi, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problem occured in hospitality patient. The prevalence of anxiety in chronic heart failure patients was 11-45%. Anxiety in heart failure patients could worsening patient’s condition that lead to increased ischemic event, morbidity, negative effects onquality of life, and mortality. Despite anxiety, nutritional status is also one of the most important thing in mantaining patient’s health. Malnutrition has association with increased morbidity, complication, length of stay (LOS), medical therapy, and hospital fees.Objectives: To know the impact of nutritional status and anxiety on LOS in chronic heart failure patients at Jenderal Ahmad Yani General Hospital, Metro, Lampung.Methods: This was an observational quantitative study with cohort prospective design. The research was conducted on July 2014. Subjects were 70 patients who full fi lled the inclusive requirement, patients with anxiety as exposed group and patients without anxiety as non-exposed group. Anxiety was assessedwith Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while nutritional status was assessed by upper-arm circumference. Data were analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression test.Results: Bivariate test showed that there was significant association between anxiety with LOS (pstatus tended to have shorter LOS than that of with undernutrition (RR=2.28). Multivariate test showed that there was an association between anxiety and LOS (pConclusions: There was an association between anxiety and LOS. Patients without anxiety had shorter LOS than that of with anxiety. There was association between nutritional status and LOS. Patients with normal nutritional status had shorter LOS than undernutrition patients.KEYWORDS: anxiety, heart failure patients, length of stay, nutritional statusABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kecemasan merupakan salah satu masalah psikologi yang banyak dialami oleh pasien di rumah sakit. Prevalensi kecemasan pada pasien gagal jantung sekitar 11-45%. Kecemasan pada penyakit jantung yang tidak teratasi dapat berakibat pada penurunan kualitas hidup pasien, peningkataniskemik, dan kejadian masuk rumah sakit berulang yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan mortalitas. Selain kecemasan, status gizi juga menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam menunjang kesehatan pasien. Malnutrisi berhubungan dengan peningkatan kesakitan, komplikasi, lama rawat inap, terapi medis, danbiaya perawatan rumah sakit. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh status kecemasan dan status gizi saat masuk terhadap lama rawat inap pada pasien jantung di RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Metro, Lampung.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional kuantitatif dengan rancangan cohort prospective. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2014. Subjek penelitian adalah 70 pasien jantung di RSUD Jenderal Ahmad Yani Metro yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan kelompok terpapar adalah pasien jantung dengan kecemasan dan pasien jantung tanpa kecemasan sebagai kelompok tidak terpapar. Status kecemasan diukur dengan kuesioner Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sedangkan status gizi diukur dengan lingkar lengan atas. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap (pdengan status gizi baik cenderung memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek daripada subjek dengan status gizi kurang (RR=2,28). Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap (pKesimpulan: Ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat kecemasan dengan lama rawat inap. Pasien tanpa kecemasan memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek dari pada pasien jantung dengan kecemasan. Ada hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan lama rawat inap. Pasien jantung berstatus gizi baik memiliki lama rawat yang lebih pendek daripada pasien jantung berstatus gizi kurang.KATA KUNCI: kecemasan, pasien jantung, lama rawat, status gizi

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of having intestinal worms among malnourished children under fi ve as the cause of anemia at the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur is still relatively high. Efforts to minimize intestinal worm infection and anemia and to increase nutrition status of malnourished children under fi ve who get recovery complementary foods are made through supply of intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup and vitamin C.Objective: To identify the effect of the supply of intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup, and vitamin C supplementation to the increase of haemoglobin (Hb) level and nutritional status of malnourished children under fi ve who got recovery complementary foods.Method: This was an experimental study with factorial design. Subject of the study were malnourished children under fi ve of 1–3 years of age at Kupang Municipality. There were as many as 128 samples divided into 4 experiment groups. The group got pyrantel pamoat intestinal worm drugs 125 mg (n=32), Fe syrup + vitamin C (n=32), and placebo (n=32). Hb level was measured using “Hemocue-B Hemoglobin photometer”, intestinal worm infection was observed through facces of the subject to identify the presence of worm eggs. Statistical analysis used t-test to identify the relationship before and after the supply and ANOVA to fi nd out the difference in the effect of the supply among the groups. Result: After 3 months, the supply of the intestinal worm drugs before intervention had signifi cant effect to intestinal worm infection status among the group with intestinal worm drugs and the group with intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup + vitamin C. The highest increase of Hb level was found in the group with intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup + Vitamin C with average increase as much as 1.2 g/dL. Average increase of weight among the groups was 0.3 kg. Increase ofZ-score signifi cantly affected index of weight/age and weight/height.Conclusion: The increase of Hb level signifi cantly affected changes of nutritional status increase among the experiment groups.KEYWORDS: intestinal worm drugs, Fe syrup, vitamin C, Hb level, nutritional status, malnourishmentABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi kecacingan pada balita gizi buruk sebagai penyebab anemia di Provinsi NTT masih tinggi. Upaya menurunkan infeksi kecacingan dan anemia serta meningkatkan status gizi pada balita gizi buruk yang mendapat PMT-P antara lain dengan pemberian obat cacing dan suplementasi sirup Fe + vitamin C.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian obat cacing, suplemen sirup Fe, dan vitamin C terhadap peningkatan kadar Hb dan status gizi balita gizi buruk penerima PMT-P.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan faktorial. Sasaran penelitian adalah balita gizi buruk usia 1–3 tahun di Kota Kupang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 128 anak dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Perlakuan obat cacing pirantel pamoat 125 mg (n=32), sirup Fe + vitamin C (n=32), obat cacing, sirup Fe+ vitamin C (n=32) dan plasebo (n=32). Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dengan ”HemoCue”, infeksi cacing diperiksa melalui tinja subjek untuk melihat adanya telur cacing. Analisis menggunakan uji T-test untuk mengetahui hubungan sebelum dan sesudah suplementasi dan uji ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan efek suplementasi antar kelompok. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, pemberian obat cacing sebelum intervensi berpengaruh signifi kan terhadap status infeksi kecacingan pada kelompok obat cacing dan kelompok obat cacing, sirup Fe + vitamin C. Peningkatan kadar hemoglobin antarkelompok yang tertinggi adalah pada kelompok obat cacing, sirup Fe dan vitamin C dengan ratarata kenaikan sebesar 1,2 g/dL. Rata-rata kenaikan berat badan antar kelompok sebesar 0,3 kg. Peningkatan nilai Z-score berpengaruh signifi kan terhadap indek BB/U dan BB/TB.Kesimpulan:Peningkatkan kadar hemoglobin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan peningkatan status gizi antar kelompok suplementasi.KATA KUNCI: obat cacing, sirup Fe +vitamin C, kadar hemoglobin, Z-score, status gizi

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition has an important role in human life cycle. Undernourishment in infants and underfives can cause growth and development disorder. Development of Papua community begins from village empowerment, such as nutrition improvement, health service, and people’s economy. There are544 fisherman families at District of Jayapura Utara. Main stipend of Papua community consists of rice, sago, hipere, taro and banana. Sago is consumed by the majority of people residing at coastal areas. Nutrition Status Monitoring of Jayapura Municipal Health Office in 2008 indicated that 3.4% of underfiveswere malnourished, 17.8% undernourished, 76% well nourished and 2.8% overnourished.Objectives: To identify correlation between level of income and diet pattern with nutritional status of underfive in fi sherman area of Jayapura District Jayapura Municipality.Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The independent variables were level of income and eating pattern; the dependent variable was nutritional status. The study was undertaken in October-December 2010 at District of North Jayapura, Jayapura Municipality involving 162 underfives (of 12-59 moths), and mothers of underfives as respondents. Data were obtained through questionnaire of income, eating pattern using food frequency questionnaire, nutritional status measured from anthropometrybased on weight/age standard of WHO 2005. Data analysis used bivariate with chi square, multivariate with multiple logistic regression.Results: There was signifi cant correlation between income level with nutritional status with (p=0.000) and between diet pattern with nutritional status (p=0.000).Conclusions: Underfives having parents with sufficient income had better nutritional status than those having parent with insufficient income. Underfives with good diet pattern had better nutritional status than those with poor diet pattern.KEYWORDS: income, diet pattern, nutrition status of underfives, fisherman areaABSTRAKLatar belakang: Secara nasional, prevalensi balita gizi buruk dan kurang menurun sebanyak 0,5% menjadi 17,9%. Prevalensi gizi buruk dan kurang Provinsi Papua menurut Riskesdas tahun 2010 sebanyak 16,3%. Data neraca bahan makanan (NBM) Provinsi Papua secara kuantitas menunjukkan rata-rata peningkatan produksi bahan makanan di antaranya beras, jagung, umbi-umbian. Secara kualitas, energi dan protein melebihi angka kecukupan gizi (AKG), tetapi status gizi buruk dan kurang di Kota Jayapura mencapai 21,2% yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, yaitu tingkat pendapatan, pola makan, pengetahuan ibu, jumlah anggota dalam keluarga.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendapatan dan pola makan dengan status gizi balita di daerah nelayan Distrik Jayapura Utara, Kota Jayapura.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 162 balita (usia 12-59 bulan) dan ibu balita sebagai responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tingkat pendapatan, pola makan anak dalam keluarga menggunakan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), status gizi diukur menggunakan antropometri berdasarkan BB/U standar baku WHO 2005. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi-square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan multiple logistic regression.Hasil: Tingkat pendapatan dengan status gizi menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai (p=0,000). Pola makan dengan status gizi menunjukkan hubungan yang bemakna yaitu (p= 0,010). Variabel luar pengetahuan ibu dengan status gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna, yaitu p>0,05.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendapatan dengan status gizi, pola makan dengan status gizi.Tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu dengan status gizi, dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi.KATA KUNCI: tingkat pendapatan, pola makan, status gizi balita, daerah nelayan

persepsi, berat badan, tinggi badan, balita, status gizi, perception, body weight, body height, children under-five, nutritional status, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Proporsi balita gizi lebih dan gizi kurang masih cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Penanggulangan masalah gizi sangat penting dilakukan karena memiliki dampak kesehatan jangka panjang. Penyelesaian masalah gizi buruk dan gizi lebih di Indonesia terkendala dengan kurangnya efektivitas program intervensi dan pola asuh yang diberikan orang tua kepada anak. Salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan penanggulangan masalah gizi adalah persepsi orang tua terhadap status gizi balita.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai persepsi orang tua terhadap status gizi balita yang dikelompokkan antara berat badan atau tinggi badan menurut umur.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potonglintang dengan memberikan kuesioner penilaian persepsi kepada orangtua yang memiliki anak balita dan datang ke posyandu di 11 Padukuhan di Kecamatan Seyegan, DI Yogyakarta. Penelitian berfokus pada penilaian persepsi orang tua terhadap berat badan dan tinggi badan anak menurut umur dan apakah orang tua mengalami underestimasi atau overestimasi terhadap status gizi anak-anaknya.Hasil: Terdapat 89 responden yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Dari jumlah tersebut, 27 orang tua (30%) memiliki overestimasi bahwa anaknya gemuk atau normal, padahal apabila menurut kurva z-skor, anak tergolong kurus. Terdapat 10 orang tua (11,2%) underestimasi terhadap tinggi badan anak yang sebenarnya normal atau tinggi namun dianggap pendek. Sebaliknya, 5 orang tua (5,6%) mengalami overestimasi dengan menganggap tinggi badan anaknya normal atau tinggi padahal sebenarnya tergolong pendek menurut kurva z-skor.Kesimpulan: Masih terdapat kesalahan persepsi orang tua terhadap status gizi anaknya. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mendalami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi dan bagaimana cara mengubahnya sehingga pola asuh orang tua dan penerimaan terhadap program perbaikan gizi menjadi lebih baik.KATA KUNCI: persepsi; berat badan; tinggi badan; balita; status giziABSTRACT Background: The proportion of over- and under-nutrition is still high in Indonesia. Overcoming the nutritional problems is important since it can lead to long term health impacts. However, there are some problems that inhibit the intervention program such as low effectiveness and inappropriate parenting. One thing that affects the success of the program is about parents’ perception of the nutritional status of their children.Objectives: The study aimed to identify the perception of the parents towards the nutritional status of their children, which is categorized as body weight and height to age.Methods: The research use cross-sectional design by giving the questionnaire to the parents who have children under-five and go to Posyandu in 11 villages in Seyegan, DI Yogyakarta. The study focused on the judgment of the parents towards the height and weight to the age of their children and whether the parents under- or overestimate the nutritional status of their children. Results: There were 89 respondents following the study. From the number, there were 27 parents (30%) who overestimate their children by assuming the children to be overweight while according to z-score they was categorized as wasted. There were 10 parents (11.2%) who underestimate the height of their children by assuming that their children was stunted while they was not. On the other hand, 5 parents (5.6%) overestimate the height of their children by saying they had normal height while the fact they were stunted.Conclusion: There is still misperception among the parents about the nutritional status of their children. Further study is needed to identify what factors affecting the perception and how to change it so that the nutritional intervention program and parenting can be better.KEYWORDS: perception; body weight; body height; children under-five; nutritional status

anemia, compliance in consuming iron tablets, nutrient intake, kepatuhan minum tablet besi, asupan zat gizi, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: One of the nutritional problems that frequently occur in pregnant women is anemia, which is the biggest problem of micronutrient and the most difficult to overcome in the world. Anemia occurs at all stages of the life cycle, more commonly attacked pregnant women and children. The cause of anemiais iron deficiency which is needed to the formation of a hemoglobin (Hb). Deficiency of iron in the body is due to lack of consumption of food sources of iron and the non-compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron tablets. Supplementation of iron tablets and improvement of nutrient intake especiallygood source of iron is one of anemia prevention that has been done.Objectives: To determine the relationship between nutrient intake and the level of compliance in consuming iron tablets with incidence of anemia in pregnant women at work area of Puskesmas I Kembaran Banyumas.Methods: This was an observational study (survey) with a cross sectional design with 50 subjects of the third trimester pregnant women. The research used both quantitative and qualitative approaches.Results: The percentage of anemia in pregnant women in this study was 56.0%. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that only compliance-related iron tablets consumption significantly had relationship (p=0.001, RP=3.7, 95% CI:2.06-6.82) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The high cost of animal food sources, the limitation of animal food sources diversity, and the dislike animal food sources consumption caused pregnant women choosing plant-based foods that where cheap and easily obtainable.Conclusions: This study proved that the intake of nutrients, especially iron and compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron tablets was still be the cause of anemia in pregnant women. Therefore, it needs to reduce and prevent maternal anemia by increasing the diversity of the consumption of iron foodsources, awareness of pregnant women to consume iron tablets, and the role of husband in encouraging pregnant women to consume iron tablets.KEYWORDS: anemia, compliance in consuming iron tablets, nutrient intakeABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu masalah gizi yang banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil adalah anemia gizi, yang merupakan masalah gizi mikro terbesar dan tersulit diatasi di seluruh dunia. Hasil Riskesdas tahun 2010 menunjukkan 80,7% wanita usia subur (WUS) yang hamil mendapat/membeli tablet besi, namun sebagianbesar diketahui tidak patuh mengonsumsinya. Kekurangan besi dalam tubuh disebabkan kurangnya konsumsi makanan sumber zat besi dan ketidakpatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi. Suplementasi tablet besi dan perbaikan asupan zat gizi terutama sumber zat besi merupakan upaya penanggulangananemia yang banyak dilakukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi dan tingkat kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet besi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Kembaran Kabupaten Banyumas.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional (survey) dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian 50 ibu hamil trimester III. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil: Persentase anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 56,0%. Hasil analisis multivariat hanya kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet besi yang berhubungan bermakna (p=0,001, RP=3,7; 95% CI:2,06-6,82) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Harga sumber makanan hewani yang mahal, keanekaragaman sumber makanan hewani yang terbatas, dan ketidaksukaan mengonsumsi sumber makanan hewani menyebabkan ibu hamil memilih sumber makanan nabati yang murah dan mudah didapat.Kesimpulan: Asupan zat gizi terutama zat besi dan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi masih menjadi penyebab anemia pada ibu hamil. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya penanggulangan dan pencegahan anemia ibu hamil dengan cara peningkatan keanekaragaman konsumsi bahan makanan sumber zat besi, kesadaran ibu hamil untuk mengonsumsi tablet besi, dan peran serta suami dalam mendorong ibu hamil mengonsumsi tablet besi.KATA KUNCI: anemia, kepatuhan minum tablet besi, asupan zat gizi

balita, determinan, indonesia, perkotaan, stunting, children, determinant, indonesian, urban, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting adalah malnutrisi kronis yang dapat terjadi pada semua balita termasuk balita di daerah perkotaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko stunting pada anak-anak 0-59 bulan di perkotaan di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2013. Sampel berjumlah 13.248 anak usia 0-59 bulan dari 33 provinsi, yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan, lahir tunggal (37 minggu), usia ≥37 minggu kehamilan, skor TB/U -5,99 hingga TB/U 5,99 SD, dan data yang diobservasi lengkap. Variabel bebas adalah karakteristik anak (usia, jenis kelamin, berat dan panjang lahir); dan karakteristik rumah tangga (usia orang tua, tinggi badan orang tua, pendidikan, pekerjaan, tingkat ekonomi), sedangkan variabel terikat adalah stunting. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik multivariat menggunakan Stata13.Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya stunting balita di perkotaan adalah BBLR (AOR 1,2 CI 95% 1,09-1,32); dan bayi lahir pendek (AOR 1,16 CI95%: 1,99-1,23) dan karakteristik rumah tangga seperti ayah pendek (AOR 1,24, CI95% 1,18-1,31); ibu pendek (AOR 1,23, CI95% 1,17-1,29); ibu berpendidikan rendah (AOR 1,14, CI 95% 1,02-1,23); ayah berpendidikan rendah (AOR 1,13, CI95% 1,02-1,23), dan tingkat ekonomi menengah dan rendah (AOR 1,12, CI 95% 1,06-1,19; AOR 1,24, CI95% 1,15-1,33). Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting balita di perkotaan adalah BBLR dan tinggi badan orang tua.KATA KUNCI: balita; determinan; Indonesia; perkotaan; stuntingABSTRACTBackground:Childhood stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition, including among children in the urban area.Objectives: This research was to determine the risk factors of 0-59 months stunting children in urban Indonesia.Methods: This was a cross sectional study using secondary data based Indonesia’s Basic Health Research 2013. Samples were a total of 13,248 children aged 0-59 months from 33 provinces, urban residency, singleton, ≥37 weeks gestation, and HAZ score -5.99 to 5.99 SD. Independent variables were children characteristics (age, sex, size of birth); and household characteristics (parental age, high, education, employment, economic level), while the dependent variable was stunting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata 13.Results: Children characteristics such as low birth weight (AOR 1.2 CI 95% 1.09-1.32); and short newborn length (AOR 1.16 CI95%:1.99-1.23) and stature father (AOR 1.24, CI95% 1.18-1.31) and mother (AOR 1.23, CI95% 1.17-1.29); maternal low education (AOR 1.14, CI 95% 1.02-1.23); paternal low education(AOR 1.13, CI95% 1.02-1.23), low middle economic level (AOR 1.12, CI 95% 1.06-1.19; AOR 1.24, CI95% 1.15-1.33) were factors associated with urban stunting children.Conclusion: Low birth weight and short stature were dominant factors associated with stunting children in Indonesian urban areas.KEYWORDS: children, determinant, Indonesian, urban, stunting

perception, guidelines for balanced nutrition 2014, nutrition pyramid, persepsi, pesan gizi seimbang (PGS) 2014, tumpeng gizi seimbang (TGS) 2014, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Based on the Basic Health Research on 2013, Indonesia is currently experiencing the global burden diseases. The prevalence of nutritional problems is higher than the limit of nutritional problems in the community, e.g. stunting 37.2 %, underweight 19.6%, and overweight 11.9%. This situation is quite alarming for the quality of Indonesian human resources. Therefore, guidelines for balanced nutrition that consists of 10 nutrition messages become important to solve. To know the readability of the guidelines in community, the perception of health center officers, cadres of posyandu, and academics to guidelines are needed.Objectives: To explore the perception of health center officers, cadres of posyandu, and academics to guidelines for balanced nutrition 2014.Methods: This research was a qualitative-based research with focus group discussions (FGD) methods. There were three different groups conducted in this research, e.g. health center officers, cadres of posyandu, and academics.Results: There were some unclear messages to all groups, such as the words “many” and “enough” in the second message, “high protein” in the 3rd message, “safe” and “enough” in the 7th message, and “physical activity” in the 10th message. From the picture of nutrition guidelines (nutrition pyramid), there was incompatibility between the nutrition pyramid and the guidelines for balanced nutrition 2014, especially in portions and the size of picture.Conclusions: Guidelines for balanced nutrition 2014 had of been different percepted especially nutrition messages and the pyramid.KEYWORDS: perception, guidelines for balanced nutrition 2014, nutrition pyramidABSTRAKLatar belakang: Berdasarkan riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, Indonesia saat ini mengalami beban ganda masalah gizi. Prevalensi masalah gizi yang ada masih melebihi batas masalah gizi masyarakat: gizi kurang dan pendek 37,2%, gizi kurang 19,6%, dan gizi lebih 11,9%. Keadaan ini cukup mengkhawatirkan bagi kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya upaya untuk memperbaiki keadaan ini dengan wujud mengeluarkan pedoman gizi seimbang (PGS) yang terdiri dari 10 pesan gizi yang telah disesuaikan oleh perkembangan permasalahan gizi di masyarakat. Untuk melihat keterbacaan pedoman gizi seimbang ini di masyarakat, perlu dilihat persepsi petugas puskesmas, kader posyandu, serta akademisi terhadap PGS 2014.Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi persepsi petugas puskesmas, kader posyandu, serta akademisi terhadap PGS 2014.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) terhadap tiga kelompok berbeda, yaitu petugas puskesmas, kader posyandu, juga akademisi.Hasil: Secara keseluruhan ada beberapa poin pesan yang dirasa kurang jelas untuk semua kelompok, seperti kata-kata “banyak” dan “cukup” pada pesan 2, “protein tinggi” pada pesan 3, “aman” dan “cukup” pada pesan 7, dan “aktivitas fisik” pada pesan 10. Untuk gambar pada tumpeng gizi seimbang (TGS), adaketidaksesuaian antara tumpeng dengan PGS 2014, khususnya pada porsi dan ukuran gambarnya.Kesimpulan: Sejauh ini, PGS 2014 masih memunculkan beragam persepsi terkait poin-poin pesan dan juga gambarnya.KATA KUNCI: persepsi, pesan gizi seimbang (PGS) 2014, tumpeng gizi seimbang (TGS) 2014

asupan gizi, HIV anak , jumlah CD4 +, stunting, HIV-infected children, stunting, CD4+ count, nutrient intake, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peningkatan infeksi HIV anak di Indonesia searah dengan peningkatan presentase penularan AIDS dari ibu ke anaknya dari 3% (2013) menjadi 4,6% (2015). HIV anak menjalani terapi antiretroviral (ARV) untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel T-CD4+. Stadium klinis berat pada HIV anak menurunkan jumlah CD4+. Pemberian suplementasi zat gizi makro dan mikro dapat meningkatkan status gizi HIV anak yang menjalani ARV.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan energi, protein, dan lemak terhadap status gizi berdasarkan berat badan dan jumlah CD4+ pada HIV anak di Kota dan Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Subjek yaitu anak usia 1-14 tahun sebanyak 31 subjek. Data dikumpulkan meliputi tinggi badan (TB), berat badan (BB), asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan metode food recall 2x24 jam. Jumlah CD4+ melalui pemeriksaan darah subjek. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Regresi Logistik untuk menghitung Prevalence Rasio (PR). Hasil: Asupan protein memberikan risiko bermakna terhadap rendahnya jumlah CD4+ (PR=2,8; p=0,018; CI=1,331-5,891). Kesimpulan: Asupan gizi (energi, protein, lemak) tidak terkait dengan berat badan rendah (BB/U) dan stunting (TB/U). Asupan zat gizi yang berhubungan bermakna dengan jumlah CD4+ yang rendah (3) hanya asupan protein. Asupan protein yang kurang pada HIV anak berisiko mengalami suppresi berat (jumlah CD4+ 3) sebesar 3,036 kali KATA KUNCI: asupan gizi, HIV anak , jumlah CD4 +, stunting ABSTRACTBackground: The increase in HIV-infected children in Indonesia in line with the increase percentage of HIV positive children from mother to child transmission from 3% (2013) to 4.6% (2015). HIV-infected children using antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to increase the T-cells CD4+ count in HIV-infected children patients. Clinical stage heavily on lowering the CD4+ count for HIV-infected children. Supplementation of macro and micronutrients can improve the nutritional status of children using antiretroviral HIV. Objectives. The study aimed to analyze the relationship of intake of energy, protein, fat and clinical stage of nutritional status and CD4 counts for HIV-infected children in the regional district and the city of Semarang.Methods: A cross-sectional study in The Regional District and the City of Semarang. The subject of 31 HIV-infected children aged 1-14 years. Data collected included height, body weight, nutrient intake obtained by the method of Food Recall 2x24 hours. The number of CD4+ through blood test subjects. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The intake of protein significantly increase the of low CD4+ count (PR = 3.036; p = 0.021; CI = 1.211 to 7.608 and PR = 2.8; p = 0.018; CI = 1.331 to 5.891). Conclusions: Nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low body weight (WAZ), stunting (HAZ) and nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low CD4 + incidence ( KEYWORDS: CD4+ count, HIV-infected children, nutrient intake, stunting

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Curently, Indonesia has double burden problems nutrition, such as malnutrition and over nutrition. Overnutrition or obesity are not just happening in adults only, but also can occur in childhood. If the problem of obesity in children and adolescents cannot be resolved, it can be infl uenced obese in adulthood then potentially to have noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of obesity inchildren at Yogyakarta Province increases year by year (1;2). Obesity was caused by an imbalance in energy intake andenergy expenditure. Children tend to consume high energy-dense, sweet taste meal, high fat foods and less dietary fiber from fruits and vegetables. Several studies showed that there was increasing in risk of obesity from someone who have less consumption of fruits and vegetables.Objective:To determine differences in frequency and amount of fruit and vegetable consumption in elementary school children obese and non-obese at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul and to find out the risk of obesity in children who have less consumption of fruits and vegetables. Methods:The study design was a case-control, 244 samples as cases (obese children) and 244 controls (non-obesechildren). The subject of this study was children aged 6-12 years who were seated in class 1 to class 5 elementary schools at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. Identity data obtained from a structured questionnaire respondent, frequency and amount of fruit and vegetable consumption were taken from Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questioner(SQFFQ).Then the results analyzed using statistical test.Results: Statistical test showed that there were significant differences (pConclusion:Obese children had rarely and less consume of fruits and vegetables than that did in non-obese children at Yogyakarta Municipality and District of Bantul. The children rarely and less consuming fruits and vegetables increased the risk of obesity.KEYWORDS: children obesity, vegetable, fruitABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini mengalami masalah gizi ganda, yaitu masalah gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Kelebihan gizi atau obesitas pada anak dan remaja apabila tidak diatasi maka berdampak menjadi obesitas pada masa dewasa yang berpotensi mengalami penyakit tidak menular, seperti jantung, hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus. Prevalensi obesitas pada anak di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun (1; 2). Obesitas disebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara masukan dengan keluaran energi. Anak cenderung mengkonsumsi padat energi yang berasa manis dan berlemak tinggi serta makanan kurang serat dari buah dan sayur. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan risiko obesitas pada orang yang kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak SD obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul serta peran konsumsi buah dan sayur terhadap kejadian obesitas. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah case-control, 244 kasus (anak obes) dan 244 kontrol (anak tidak obes). Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 6-12 tahun yang duduk di kelas 1 hingga kelas 5 sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta dan di Kabupaten Bantul. Data identitas diperoleh dari kuesioner terstruktur, sedangkan data frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi buah dan sayur diperoleh dari semikuantitatif FFQ. Hasilnya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik.Hasil: Pada anak SD obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan(pKesimpulan: Anak SD yang obes lebih jarang dan lebih sedikit mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur dibandingkan dengan anak SD yang tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Anak yang jarang dan sedikit mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas.KATA KUNCI: obesitas anak, sayur, buah

yogurt bekatul, sifat organoleptik, nilai gizi, nutritional value, organoleptic properties, rice bran, yoghurt, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRAKLatar Bekalang: Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris, beras merupakan makanan pokok warganya, dengan setiap tahun mampu memproduksi beras yakni 32 juta ton. Bekatul beras merupakan limbah hasil penggilingan padi yang biasanya digunakan sebagai pakan hewan, sebagai pangan fungsional mengandung banyak zat gizi yaitu protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat kasar dan vitamin B1, namun konsumsinya masih rendah karena kandungan lemak yang tinggi menyebabkan mudah rusak, kurang tahan lama dan berbau tengik, sehingga perlu dilakukan versivikasi pangan guna meningkatkan konsumsi bekatul salah satunya dengan ditambahkan ke yogurt. Yogurt merupakan produk fermentasi susu dengan bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophiles berikut manfaatnya yaitu sebagai sumber kalsium, anti bakteri, untuk mengurangi kolesterol, dan penderita obesitas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung bekatul terhadap sifat organoleptik dan nilai zat gizi pada produk yogurt bekatul. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan RAL (Racangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah yogurt bekatul dengan formula yaitu P0 (175 g susu UHT: 0% bekatul), P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% bekatul), P2 (155 g susu UHT: 10% bekatul), P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul). Pada sifat organoleptik (uji kesukaan) yaitu dari rasa, aroma, tekstur, warna dan keseluruhan. Pada analisis nilai gizi yang diukur meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, gula reduksi, dan gula total.Hasil: Berdasarkan pengujian sifat organoleptik atau uji kesukaan yogurt substitusi tepung bekatul pada atribut warna, rasa, aroma dan keseluruhan, yogurt bekatul P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% tepung bekatul) paling disukai panelis. Dari hasil pengujian nilai gizi yogurt bekatul P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul) memiliki kadar abu, protein, lemak dan serat, gula total paling tinggi. Namun kadar air, karbohidrat, dan gula reduksi paling rendah. Kesimpulan: Makin banyak substitusi tepung bekatul, maka makin tinggi nilai gizi yogurt bekatul. Namun kesukaan panelis terhadap yogurt bekatul makin rendah.KATA KUNCI: yogurt bekatul, sifat organoleptik, nilai giziABSTRACTBackground: Indonesia is known as an agricultural country, rice is the staple food of citizens, each year capable of producing 32 million tons of rice. Rice bran was a waste of rice mill which is usually used as animal feed, as functional food contains many nutrients such as protein; fat; carbohydrate; crude fiber; and vitamin B1, but the consumption is still low because the high fat content causes easily damaged, less durable, and rancid smell. So, it is necessary to do food diversification to increase bran consumption, such as by addition to yogurt. Yogurt is a fermented milk product from Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria and Streptococcus thermophilus along with its benefits as a source of calcium, anti-bacterial, reducing cholesterol, and lowering of body weight.Objectives: To know the effect of rice bran substitution on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of rice bran yoghurt products.Methods: The study was experimental used complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The sample of this research was rice bran yoghurt with formula that were P0 (175 g of milk UHT: 0% bran), P1 (165 g of UHT milk: 5% bran), P2 (155 g of UHT milk: 10% bran), P3 (145 g UHT milk: 15% bran). Organoleptic properties (hedonic test) were analyzed from the taste, aroma, texture, color, and overall; whereas nutritional values measured were moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, reducing sugar, and total sugar contents.Results: Based on organoleptic properties test in all parameters, P1 formula was most preferred by panelists. However, the highest of protein, fat, fiber content, and total sugar was obtained from formula of P3.Conclusions: The more substitution of rice bran into the yogurt, the higher nutritional value, although the panelist’s preference was getting lower.KEYWORDS: nutritional value, organoleptic properties, rice bran, yoghurt

Nutrition. Foods and food supply and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: The number of elderly people (over 60 years old) is growing rapidly in this 21th century, reaching as many as 425 millions (+ 6.8%) worldwide in 2000. This figure is estimated almost twice in 2025. In Indonesia, percentage the elderly people in 1995 was as much as 7.5%. In line with the increasing of live expectancy of the number of the elderly will grow bigger. This is related to greater need of health service for the eldery. In older people, nutrition problem is closely associated with disease. One factor that causes nutrition problem in the elderly is the increase of morbidity. Increased risk for disease and nutrition problem in the elderly require early identification of risk for malnutrition in the elderly. Routine assessment of preliminary nutritional status of patients being hospitalized is essential in order to get an overview of nutritional status patients at a time, detect high risk patients and help to identify nutrition treatment specifically for each patient so that appropriate nutrition support can be given to improve nutrition status of patient.Objectives: To identify the impact of early screening nutrition result based on MNA method to the length of stay and discharge status of elderly patients at inpatient ward of internal medicine and neurology of Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.Methods: The study was observational that used prospective cohort design and was undertaken at inpatient ward of internal in medicine and neurologyod Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta on August-November 2009. Data were collected by the researcher with the help of an enumerator, i.e. nutritionsist at inpatient ward.Results: The result of study showed that impact of screening result during initial hospitalization to length of stay of eldery patients based on MNA method was RR 1.63. This indicated that malnourished patients were at risk for being hospitalized > 7 days 1.63 times longer than those not malnourished. Impact of result screening during initial hospitalization to discharge status of eldery patients based on MNA method was RR 1.29. This indicated that malnourished patient were at risk for uncovered discharged as much as 1.29 greater than those not malnourhized.Conclusions: There was no impact of screening result in admission to length of stay. There was impact of nutritional status to length of discharged status.KEYWORDS: discharge home, length of stay, nutritional status in initial admission.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pertumbuhan penduduk lanjut usia (umur ≥60 tahun) meningkat secara cepat pada abad 21 ini, yang pada 2000 di seluruh dunia telah mencapai 425 juta jiwa (± 6,8%). Jumlah ini diperkirakan akan mengalami peningkatan hampir dua kali lipat pada 2025. Di Indonesia, persentase lanjut usia pada 1995 mencapai 7,5%. Dengan meningkatnya angka harapan hidup, jumlah lanjut usia pun akan bertambah banyak. Hal ini terkait dengan perlunya peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan lanjut usia. Pada lanjut usia, masalah gizi erat kaitannya dengan penyakit. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan lanjut usia menjadi rawan gizi yaitu peningkatan morbiditas penyakit. Dengan meningkatnya risiko penyakit dan disertai gangguan nutrisi pada lanjut usia, perlu dilakukan identifikasi risiko malnutrisi pada lanjut usia sedini mungkin. Penilaian status gizi awal pasien masuk rumah sakit sangat penting dilakukan secara rutin karena dapat menggambarkan status gizi pasien saat itu, mendeteksi pasien-pasien yang berisiko tinggi, dan membantu mengidentifikasi perawatan gizi secara spesifik pada masing-masing pasien sehingga dukungan nutrisi yang tepat dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatan status gizi pasien.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh hasil skrining awal berdasarkan metode MNA (mini nutritional assessment) terhadap lama rawat inap dan status pulang pasien lanjut pada ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam dan saraf di RSUP Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan kohort prospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam dan saraf pada pasien lanjut usia di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-November 2009. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan bantuan enumerator yaitu ahli gizi yang bertugas di ruang rawat inap.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil skrining dengan metode MNA pada pasien lanjut usia terhadap lama rawat inap, maka diketahui bahwa nilai RR=1,63. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang terpapar (malnutrisi) berisiko dirawat selama ≥7 hari adalah 1,63 kali lebih besar daripada pasien yang tidak terpapar (tidakmalnutrisi). Berdasarkan hasil regresi logistik tidak ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh secara statistik antara usia, jenis penyakit dan kelas perawatan terhadap lama rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil regresi logistik, jenis penyakit memiliki pengaruh yang paling dominan dengan nilai RR 3,88 terhadap lama rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil skrining awal masuk rumah sakit terhadap status pulang pasien lanjut usia berdasarkan metode MNA, maka diketahui nilai RR=1,29. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang terpapar (malnutrisi) berisiko keluar dalam keadaan tidak sembuh sebesar 1,29 kalilebih besar daripada pasien yang tidak terpapar (tidak malnutrisi). Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi logistik ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan status pulang dengan nilai OR 9,21. Demikian pula ada pengaruh antara usia dan jenis kelamin dengan status pulang (pKesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh antara usia, jenis penyakit dan kelas perawatan terhadap lama rawat inap. Ada pengaruh antara hasil skrining dengan status pulang.KATA KUNCI: skrining, lama rawat inap, status pulang pasien

dietary pattern, food taboos, pregnant women, chronic energy deficiencies, pola makan, pantangan makan, ibu hamil, KEK, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, and TX341-641

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a chronic malnutrition in calorie and protein that become a nutritional problem in pregnant women. Prevalence of CED in Indonesia in 2013 is 23.4% and Sedayu Subdistrict is 11.4%. Impact of CED in pregnant women is the risk of low birth weight and its relationship with increase chronic desease in the future. Dietary pattern and food taboo are factor risks of nutritional problem of pregnant women.Objectives: To analyze association between dietary pattern and food taboo with chronic energy deficiencies in pregnant women in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul,Yogyakarta.Methods: This was an observational study with cross sectional design with approachment in quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative method used focus group disscussion (FGD) with 14 CED and non CED in pregnant women. Samples were 201 pregnant women in Sedayu Subdisctrict that were collected by total sampling methods. This research was held in April until June 2014. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (descriptive), bivariate (chi-square and Mann Whitney), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). Intake of energy and carbohydrate was analyzed by using Nutrisurvey software.Results: Chi-square showed that there was no significant association between dietary pattern and food taboo with CED in pregnant women (p>0.05). A number of 17.91% pregnant women had the risk of CED, 20.99 % had less of source prime energy, and 20.22% had food taboo. Food taboo is food that rich in protein, vitamin and mineral (fruit and vegetable) and energy.Conclusions: There was no significant association between dietary pattern and food taboo with CED in pregnant women.KEYWORDS: dietary pattern, food taboos, pregnant women, chronic energy deficienciesABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) merupakan keadaan kekurangan zat gizi terutama energi dan protein yang masih menjadi masalah gizi pada ibu hamil. Prevalensi KEK di Indonesia tahun 2013 sebesar 23,4 % dan Kecamatan Sedayu sebesar 11,4% masih merupakan masalah kesehatan. Ibuhamil yang KEK berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan rendah dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis di masa depan. Pola makan dan pantangan makan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari masalah gizi ibu hamil.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dan pantangan makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang berada di Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul. Metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan focus group disscussion (FGD) kepada kelompok ibu hamil yang KEK dan tidak KEK yang berjumlah 14 orang. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel total sampling, yang berjumlah 201 orang ibu hamil. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2014. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat (deskriptif), bivariat (chi-square dan Mann Whitney) dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Data asupan energi dan protein dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Nutrisurvey.Hasil: Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pola makan dan pantangan makan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil (p>0,05). Sebanyak 17,91% ibu hamil berisiko KEK, 20,99% diantaranya mempunyai pola makan pokok (nasi) yang kurang dan 20,22% masih mempunyai pantangan makan. Makanan yang dipantang yaitu makanan sumber protein, sumber vitamin dan mineral (buah dan sayur), dan bahan makanan sumber energi.Kesimpulan: Pola makan dan pantangan makan pada ibu hamil tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian KEK.KATA KUNCI: pola makan, pantangan makan, ibu hamil, KEK