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poder judicial, reforma judicial, despachos, justicia, jueces, Political science (General), and JA1-92

The judiciary in Latin Arnerica is viewed critically by its users. It is an institution that does not respond to contemporary popular dernands. Thee judicial is necessary to improve the levels of efficiency in the administration of justice. This article aims ro review the problems in the administration of justice and assess the reforms, specially in information technology, carried out in Latin America, with particularly attention to the case of Costa Rica.

Labor process, Justice administration, Tort reform, Civil procedure, and Comparative studies

Focusing on the Italian judicial system as our case study, we use Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores and reference values for policy makers. In detail, this work presents a comparative analysis of different model definitions to identify the most appropriate one, emphasizing the key role of case matters in this production process. According to our results, the North of Italy emerges as more efficient than the other Italian macro areas, although the gap significantly decreases when case matters are considered in the output estimation. Concerning the collected reference values, which might be adopted by policy makers to reform the judicial system, we can observe significant differences able to affect the reorganization of courts. Taking the proposed case study into account, it seems that improvements in court performance could be achieved by reforming civil procedures, which are the technologies applied by judges in their production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice administration -- United States, Nexus rules, and United States appellate courts

This Note analyzes conflicting trends in caselaw interpreting the nexus requirement for obstruction-of-justice offenses under United States v. Aguilar, 515 U.S. 593 (1995), and it argues that knowledge that one's actions are likely to affect an official proceeding remains an essential element of the nexus requirement. This Note is important because mainstream attention on obstruction of justice has put the offense in clear public view. But more importantly, diverging courts of appeals opinions have created confusion as to what obstruction of justice requires. The lingering circuit split on the role of knowledge in the nexus requirement creates inconsistent standards throughout the country. This result is particularly troubling because of the breadth of obstruction-of-justice offenses generally and 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) in particular. This Note works toward resolving conflicts in obstruction-of-justice law by carefully analyzing the Supreme Court's statements on obstruction of justice, tracing the application of those cases across the circuits, and arguing for a best interpretation of the nexus requirement that includes knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]