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Tillman P. Glynn, Cottrell Ted E., and Buntin G. David
- The Florida Entomologist. 102(1):222-226
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Michael E. Sparks, Raman Bansal, Joshua B. Benoit, Michael B. Blackburn, Hsu Chao, Mengyao Chen, Sammy Cheng, Christopher Childers, Huyen Dinh, Harsha Vardhan Doddapaneni, Shannon Dugan, Elena N. Elpidina, David W. Farrow, Markus Friedrich, Richard A. Gibbs, Brantley Hall, Yi Han, Richard W. Hardy, Christopher J. Holmes, Daniel S. T. Hughes, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Alys M. Cheatle Jarvela, J. Spencer Johnston, Jeffery W. Jones, Brent A. Kronmiller, Faith Kung, Sandra L. Lee, Alexander G. Martynov, Patrick Masterson, Florian Maumus, Monica Munoz-Torres, Shwetha C. Murali, Terence D. Murphy, Donna M. Muzny, David R. Nelson, Brenda Oppert, Kristen A. Panfilio, Débora Pires Paula, Leslie Pick, Monica F. Poelchau, Jiaxin Qu, Katie Reding, Joshua H. Rhoades, Adelaide Rhodes, Stephen Richards, Rose Richter, Hugh M. Robertson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Zhijian Jake Tu, Arun S. Velamuri, Robert M. Waterhouse, Matthew T. Weirauch, Jackson T. Wells, John H. Werren, Kim C. Worley, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, and Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal
- BMC Genomics, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-26 (2020)
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Brown marmorated stink bug genome, Pentatomid genomics, polyphagy, chemoreceptors, odorant binding proteins, opsins, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, and QH426-470
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Abstract Background Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a highly invasive insect species due in part to its exceptionally high levels of polyphagy. This species is also a nuisance due to overwintering in human-made structures. It has caused significant agricultural losses in recent years along the Atlantic seaboard of North America and in continental Europe. Genomic resources will assist with determining the molecular basis for this species’ feeding and habitat traits, defining potential targets for pest management strategies. Results Analysis of the 1.15-Gb draft genome assembly has identified a wide variety of genetic elements underpinning the biological characteristics of this formidable pest species, encompassing the roles of sensory functions, digestion, immunity, detoxification and development, all of which likely support H. halys’ capacity for invasiveness. Many of the genes identified herein have potential for biomolecular pesticide applications. Conclusions Availability of the H. halys genome sequence will be useful for the development of environmentally friendly biomolecular pesticides to be applied in concert with more traditional, synthetic chemical-based controls.
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3. Physics at the e+ e- Linear Collider [2015]
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Moortgat-Pick, G., Baer, H., Battaglia, M., Belanger, G., Fujii, K., Kalinowski, J., Heinemeyer, S., Kiyo, Y., Olive, K., Simon, F., Uwer, P., Wackeroth, D., Zerwas, P. M., Arbey, A., Asano, M., Bagger, J., Bechtle, P., Bharucha, A., Brau, J., Brummer, F., Choi, S. Y., Denner, A., Desch, K., Dittmaier, S., Ellwanger, U., Englert, C., Freitas, A., Ginzburg, I., Godfrey, S., Greiner, N., Grojean, C., Grunewald, M., Heisig, J., Hocker, A., Kanemura, S., Kawagoe, K., Kogler, R., Krawczyk, M., Kronfeld, A. S., Kroseberg, J., Liebler, S., List, J., Mahmoudi, F., Mambrini, Y., Matsumoto, S., Mnich, J., Monig, K., Muhlleitner, M. M., Poschl, R., Porod, W., Porto, S., Rolbiecki, K., Schmitt, M., Serpico, P., Stanitzki, M., Stål, O., Stefaniak, T., Stockinger, D., Weiglein, G., Wilson, G. W., Zeune, L., Moortgat, F., and Xella, S.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology and High Energy Physics - Experiment
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A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.
Comment: 179 pages, plots and references updated, version to be published at EPJC
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Broglio, Sônia M. F., Dias-Pini, Nivia da S., Costa, Luiz A. A., and Lemos, Eurico E. P.
- Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. March 2012 56(1):122-124
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ENTOMOLOGY, Custard apple tree, insect morphology, lace bug, taxonomy, Fruta-do-conde, morfologia de inseto, percevejo-de-renda, and taxonomia
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First report and morphological redescription of Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) in Brazil. This is the first report of a severe attack of Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) on Annona squamosa L. (custard apple), causing up to 80% of losses of infested trees. In order to facilitate the identification of this insect pest, the adult female of T. morio is redescribed based on specimens collected in Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brazil.
Primeiro registro e redescrição morfológica de Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) em Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) no Brazil. Este é o primeiro registro de um ataque severo de Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) em árvores de Annona squamosa L. (pinheira ou fruta-do-conde), resultando em perdas de aproximadamente 80% das plantas infestadas. Com o objetivo de facilitar a identificação deste inseto-praga, foi feita a redescrição da fêmea adulta de T. morio com base em espécimes coletados em Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brasil.
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Dinardo-Miranda, Leila L., Coelho, Álvaro L., and Ferreira, José M.G.
- Neotropical Entomology. February 2004 33(1):91-98
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ENTOMOLOGY, Root froghopper, damage, chemical control, Saccharum, Cigarrinha da raiz, danos, and controle químico
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da época de aplicação e das doses de inseticidas no controle da cigarrinha das raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål), na qualidade e na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, foram conduzidos três experimentos, em condições de campo. No primeiro ensaio, os melhores resultados de controle foram obtidos com aldicarbe 150G 10 kg/ha e carbofuram 100G 25 kg/ha, aplicados em novembro. Quando aplicados em dezembro ou janeiro, a eficiência dos inseticidas, especialmente do tiametoxam 250WG 1 kg/ha, diminuiu sensivelmente, provavelmente porque o grande volume de chuvas ocorridas após as aplicações contribuíram para a lixiviação dos produtos, diminuindo a absorção deles pelas raízes. Nos outros dois ensaios, nos quais os inseticidas aldicarbe 150G, carbofuram 100G e tiametoxam 250WG foram aplicados em dezembro, nas doses de 10, 40 e 1 kg/ha, respectivamente, ou em janeiro, em doses 40% menores, os melhores resultados de controle e de produtividade de colmos e de açúcar foram observados nas aplicações feitas em dezembro. O controle de cigarrinha realizado até dezembro resultou em incrementos significativos de produtividade. Embora alguns inseticidas tenham reduzido as populações da cigarrinha, quando aplicados em janeiro e em doses menores, não ocorreram incrementos significativos de produtividade, possivelmente porque a praga já havia danificado irreversivelmente a cultura.
The objective of this work was to study the effect of insecticides on sugarcane root froghopper mortality and on the technological quality and yield of sugarcane, when they were applied at different times and rates during the froghopper infestation period. Three experiments were carried out under field conditions. Best control was obtained with aldicarb 150G 10kg/ha and carbofuran 100G 25kg/ha, applied in November. When the insecticides were applied in December or January, the efficiency was reduced, especially that of thiamethoxam, probably because the great rain volume after applications contributed to the insecticides leaching, reducing the absorption by the roots. The insecticides aldicarb 150G, carbofuran 100G and thiamethoxam 250WG, applied in December, produced the best insect control, higher stalk production and higher sugar yields, in comparison with aplication in January at 40% lower doses. The control of the the root froghopper, made untill December, resulted in yield increase. When the insecticides were applied in January at lower doses, some of them reduced pest infestations, but did not contribute to increase yield, probably because the root froghopper had already damaged the plants irreversibly.
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Assis Jr., Sebastião L., Zanuncio, Teresinha V., Santos, Germi P., and Zanuncio, José C.
- Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. June 1998 27(2):245-253
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AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Insecta, Hemiptera, Asopinae, biological control, phytophagy, life table, controle biológico, fitofagia, and tabela de vida
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Avaliou-se o efeito da alimentação suplementar de folhas de Eucalyptus urophylla, no desenvolvimento e reprodução de Supputius cincticeps (Stal) em laboratório. S. cincticeps foi alimentado com Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ou T. molitor mais mudas de E. urophylla. A inclusão da planta na alimentação de S. cincticeps, aumentou sua taxa líquida de reprodução Ro (de 7,15 para 24,05), a razão infinitesimal rm (de 0,034 para 0,052), e a razão finita de aumento populacional 1 (de 1,035 para 1,053), em relação ao uso isolado da presa. Conseguiu-se, ainda, aumentar os índices de sobrevivência, a longevidade e a expectativa de vida média para metade da população (ex50), sendo 50,8 e 64,9 dias para os percevejos alimentados com presa e com presa e planta, respectivamente. O predador S. cincticeps apresentou hábitos alimentares que incluem fitofagia e a inclusão da planta na sua dieta, foi vantajosa para a sua criação massal.
The effect of supplementary feeding of Supputius cincticeps (Stal) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves was evaluated in the laboratory. S. cincticeps was fed with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae or T. molitor larvae plus E. urophylla. The inclusion of this plant for S. cincticeps feeding increased its net reproductive rate (Ro) from 7.15 to 24.05, its infinitesimal ratio (rm) from 0.034 to 0.052, and the finite population increase (1) from 1.035 to 1.053, compared to feeding only with the prey. S. cincticeps fed both plant and prey showed higher survival rate, longevity, and life span for half of the population (ex50), which was 50.8 and 64.9 for bugs fed the prey, and prey and plant, respectively. The inclusion of the plant also increased the reproduction rate of S. cincticeps, thus being recommended for mass rearing of this predator.
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DINARDO-MIRANDA, LEILA L., GARCIA, VALTER, and PARAZZI, VANDERLEI J.
- Neotropical Entomology. October 2002 31(4):609-614
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ENTOMOLOGY, Root froghopper, Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Saccharum, and Cigarrinha das raízes
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas no controle da cigarrinha das raízes e de nematóides fitoparasitos e seus reflexos sobre a qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, conduziram-se dois experimentos, na região canavieira de Piracicaba, SP, aplicando-se diversos inseticidas em uma ou em duas ocasiões, ao longo do período de ataque da cigarrinha. Aldicarbe 150G 12 kg/ha, tiametoxam 10GR 30 kg/ha e carbofuram 100G 40 kg/ha, aplicados no início do período de infestação da cigarrinha (outubro) e aldicarbe 150G 6+6 kg/ha e tiametoxam 10GR 15+15 kg/ha, com a primeira metade da dose aplicada no início do período de infestação (outubro) e a outra no meio do período (janeiro), foram os produtos mais eficientes no controle da cigarrinha-das-raízes, contribuindo para incrementos na pol%cana, na pureza do caldo e na produtividade de açúcar (até 6,12 t ATR/ha). No experimento 1 foram observadas populações elevadas de Pratylenchus zeae Grahan, sendo o aldicarbe 150G a 12 e 6+6 kg/ha e o carbofuram 100G a 40 kg/ha os nematicidas mais eficientes, reduzindo as populações do nematóide pelo menos até três meses após aplicação. No experimento 2 foram detectadas populações baixas de P. zeae e Meloidogyne javanica Grahan foi encontrada nas áreas do ensaio 1 e P. zeae e Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. O parcelamento da dose dos inseticidas para aplicação em duas épocas não resultou em incrementos significativos de produtividade, quando comparada com os resultados obtidos com uma só aplicação.
The objective of this work was to study the effect of insecticides on sugarcane root froghopper and fitoparasitic nematodes populations and on technological quality and sugarcane yield. Two experiments were carried out, under field conditions, and different insecticides were applied once or twice during the froghopper infestation period. The most efficient compounds on root froghopper control were aldicarb 150G 12 kg/ha, thiamethoxan 10GR 30 kg/ha, carbofuran 100G 40 kg/ha, applied only in the begining of pest infestation period (October) and aldicarb 150G 6+6 kg/ha and thiamethoxan 10GR 15+15 kg/ha, in which a half dose was applied in the begining (October) and the other half was applied in the middle of pest infestation period (January). In experiment 1, Pratylenchus zeae Grahan was detected in high populations and aldicarb 150G at 12 and at 6+6 kg/ha and carbofuran 100G at 40 kg/ha were the most efficient nematicides, decreasing nematode populations at least untill three months after application. Low populations of P. zeae and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood were detected in experiment 2. The insecticides application resulted in significative increase of sugar content in the stalks, juice purity, and stalks and sugar yields (until 6,12 ton of recoverable sugar per ha), but the split dose applied in two periods did not result in significative increase of yield when compared to only one application.
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Sônia M. F. Broglio, Nivia da S. Dias-Pini, Luiz A. A. Costa, and Eurico E. P. Lemos
- Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, Vol 56, Iss 1, Pp 122-124 (2012)
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Fruta-do-conde, morfologia de inseto, percevejo-de-renda, taxonomia, Custard apple tree, insect morphology, lace bug, taxonomy, Zoology, and QL1-991
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First report and morphological redescription of Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) in Brazil. This is the first report of a severe attack of Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) on Annona squamosa L. (custard apple), causing up to 80% of losses of infested trees. In order to facilitate the identification of this insect pest, the adult female of T. morio is redescribed based on specimens collected in Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brazil.Primeiro registro e redescrição morfológica de Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) em Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) no Brazil. Este é o primeiro registro de um ataque severo de Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) em árvores de Annona squamosa L. (pinheira ou fruta-do-conde), resultando em perdas de aproximadamente 80% das plantas infestadas. Com o objetivo de facilitar a identificação deste inseto-praga, foi feita a redescrição da fêmea adulta de T. morio com base em espécimes coletados em Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brasil.
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Dinardo-Miranda, Leila L., Ferreira, José M.G., and Carvalho, Paulo A.M.
- Neotropical Entomology. March 2001 30(1):145-149
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ENTOMOLOGY, Insecta, root froghopper, Saccharum sp, and cigarrinha das raízes
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O efeito da época de colheita e dos genótipos de cana-de-açúcar sobre a infestação da cigarrinha das raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal), foi avaliado em um campo experimental, contendo 18 genótipos e no qual as colheitas foram efetuadas em três épocas: maio, agosto e outubro. As maiores infestações das cigarrinhas ocorreram no campo em que a cana-de-açúcar foi colhida em maio, provavelmente porque durante o verão, quando o ataque das cigarrinhas das raízes foi mais intenso, a cultura colhida em maio apresentou plantas maiores que aquelas colhidas em agosto ou outubro, o que contribuiu para o melhor sombreamento do terreno e, consequentemente, maior umidade no solo, favorecendo significativamente o desenvolvimento da praga. Entre os genótipos avaliados, IAC83-2396, SP80-1842 e RB825336 foram severamente atacados, sendo considerados os preferidos pela praga. As cultivares RB72454, RB835486 e IAC86-2210 apresentaram níveis populacionais de M. fimbriolata um pouco menores que aqueles encontrados nos genótipos anteriores, porém também elevados. Entre os genótipos menos infestados pela cigarrinha das raízes podem ser citados IAC82-3092, IAC87-3187 e PO86-1107.
The objective of this work was to study the effect of harvest period and sugarcane genotypes on Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal) infestation. Under field conditions, 18 genotypes were harvested in three periods: May, August and October. The highest root froghoppers populations were obtained in the field were sugarcane was harvested in may, probably because, during summer, when the root froghopper attack is more intensive, the plants were more grown. In consequence, the soil was more shaded and humid, favouring the root froghopper development. The genotypes IAC83-2396, SP80-1842 and RB825336 were severely attacked and were preferred by the pest. The cultivars RB72454, RB835486 e IAC86-2210 also presented high populational levels. IAC82-3092, IAC87-3197 and PO86-1107 presented the smallest pest infestations.
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de Florian, D., Grojean, C., Maltoni, F., Mariotti, C., Nikitenko, A., Pieri, M., Savard, P., Schumacher, M., Tanaka, R., Aggleton, R., Ahmad, M., Allanach, B., Anastasiou, C., Astill, W., Badger, S., Badziak, M., Baglio, J., Bagnaschi, E., Ballestrero, A., Banfi, A., Barducci, D., Beckingham, M., Becot, C., Bélanger, G., Bellm, J., Belyaev, N., Bernlochner, F. U., Beskidt, C., Biekötter, A., Bishara, F., Bizon, W., Bomark, N. E., Bonvini, M., Borowka, S., Bortolotto, V., Boselli, S., Botella, F. J., Boughezal, R., Branco, G. C., Brehmer, J., Brenner, L., Bressler, S., Brivio, I., Broggio, A., Brun, H., Buchalla, G., Burgard, C. D., Calandri, A., Caminada, L., Armadans, R. Caminal, Campanario, F., Campbell, J., Caola, F., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Carrazza, S., Carvalho, A., Casolino, M., Cata, O., Celis, A., Cerutti, F., Chanon, N., Chen, M., Chen, X., Nejad, B. Chokoufé, Christensen, N., Ciuchini, M., Contino, R., Corbett, T., Costa, R., Curtin, D., Dall'Osso, M., David, A., Dawson, S., de Blas, J., de Boer, W., Manzano, P. de Castro, Degrande, C., Delgado, R. L., Demartin, F., Denner, A., Di Micco, B., Di Nardo, R., Dittmaier, S., Dobado, A., Dorigo, T., Dreyer, F. A., Dührssen, M., Duhr, C., Dulat, F., Ecker, K., Ellis, K., Ellwanger, U., Englert, C., Espriu, D., Falkowski, A., Fayard, L., Feger, R., Ferrera, G., Ferroglia, A., Fidanza, N., Figy, T., Flechl, M., Fontes, D., Forte, S., Francavilla, P., Franco, E., Frederix, R., Freitas, A., Freitas, F. F., Frensch, F., Frixione, S., Fuks, B., Furlan, E., Gadatsch, S., Gao, J., Gao, Y., Garzelli, M. V., Gehrmann, T., Gerosa, R., Ghezzi, M., Ghosh, D., Gieseke, S., Gillberg, D., Giudice, G. F., Glover, E. W. N., Goertz, F., Gonçalves, D., Gonzalez-Fraile, J., Gorbahn, M., Gori, S., Gottardo, C. A., Gouzevitch, M., Govoni, P., Gray, D., Grazzini, M., Greiner, N., Greljo, A., Grigo, J., Gritsan, A. V., Gröber, R., Guindon, S., Haber, H. E., Han, C., Han, T., Harlander, R., Harrendorf, M. A., Hartanto, H. B., Hays, C., Heinemeyer, S., Heinrich, G., Herrero, M., Herzog, F., Hespel, B., Hirschi, V., Hoeche, S., Honeywell, S., Huber, S. J., Hugonie, C., Huston, J., Ilnicka, A., Isidori, G., Jäger, B., Jaquier, M., Jones, S. P., Juste, A., Kallweit, S., Kaluza, A., Kardos, A., Karlberg, A., Kassabov, Z., Kauer, N., Kazakov, D. I., Kerner, M., Kilian, W., Kling, F., Köneke, K., Kogler, R., Konoplich, R., Kortner, S., Kraml, S., Krause, C., Krauss, F., Krawczyk, M., Kulesza, A., Kuttimalai, S., Lane, R., Lazopoulos, A., Lee, G., Lenzi, P., Lewis, I. M., Li, Y., Liebler, S., Lindert, J., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Llanes-Estrada, F. J., Logan, H. E., Lopez-Val, D., Low, I., Luisoni, G., Maierhöfer, P., Maina, E., Mansoulié, B., Mantler, H., Mantoani, M., Marini, A. C., Outschoorn, V. I. Martinez, Marzani, S., Marzocca, D., Massironi, A., Mawatari, K., Mazzitelli, J., McCarn, A., Mellado, B., Melnikov, K., Menari, S. B., Merlo, L., Meyer, C., Milenovic, P., Mimasu, K., Mishima, S., Mistlberger, B., Moch, S. -O., Mohammadi, A., Monni, P. F., Montagna, G., Llácer, M. Moreno, Moretti, N., Moretti, S., Motyka, L., Mück, A., Mühlleitner, M., Munir, S., Musella, P., Nadolsky, P., Napoletano, D., Nebot, M., Neu, C., Neubert, M., Nevzorov, R., Nicrosini, O., Nielsen, J., Nikolopoulos, K., No, J. M., O'Brien, C., Ohl, T., Oleari, C., Orimoto, T., Pagani, D., Pandini, C. E., Papaefstathiou, A., Papanastasiou, A. S., Passarino, G., Pecjak, B. D., Pelliccioni, M., Perez, G., Perrozzi, L., Petriello, F., Petrucciani, G., Pianori, E., Piccinini, F., Pierini, M., Pilkington, A., Plätzer, S., Plehn, T., Podskubka, R., Potter, C. T., Pozzorini, S., Prokofiev, K., Pukhov, A., Puljak, I., Queitsch-Maitland, M., Quevillon, J., Rathlev, D., Rauch, M., Re, E., Rebelo, M. N., Rebuzzi, D., Reina, L., Reuschle, C., Reuter, J., Riembau, M., Riva, F., Rizzi, A., Robens, T., Röntsch, R., Rojo, J., Romão, J. C., Rompotis, N., Roskes, J., Roth, R., Salam, G. P., Salerno, R., Sampaio, M. O. P., Santos, R., Sanz, V., Sanz-Cillero, J. J., Sargsyan, H., Sarica, U., Schichtel, P., Schlenk, J., Schmidt, T., Schmitt, C., Schönherr, M., Schubert, U., Schulze, M., Sekula, S., Sekulla, M., Shabalina, E., Shao, H. S., Shelton, J., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H., Shim, S. Y., Siegert, F., Signer, A., Silva, J. P., Silvestrini, L., Sjodahl, M., Slavich, P., Slawinska, M., Soffi, L., Spannowsky, M., Speckner, C., Sperka, D. M., Spira, M., Stål, O., Staub, F., Stebel, T., Stefaniak, T., Steinhauser, M., Stewart, I. W., Strassler, M. J., Streicher, J., Strom, D. M., Su, S., Sun, X., Tackmann, F. J., Tackmann, K., Teixeira, A. M., de Lima, R. Teixeira, Theeuwes, V., Thorne, R., Tommasini, D., Torrielli, P., Tosi, M., Tramontano, F., Trócsányi, Z., Trott, M., Tsinikos, I., Ubiali, M., Vanlaer, P., Verkerke, W., Vicini, A., Viliani, L., Vryonidou, E., Wackeroth, D., Wagner, C. E. M., Wang, J., Wayand, S., Weiglein, G., Weiss, C., Wiesemann, M., Williams, C., Winter, J., Winterbottom, D., Wolf, R., Xiao, M., Yang, L. L., Yohay, R., Yuen, S. P. Y., Zanderighi, G., Zaro, M., Zeppenfeld, D., Ziegler, R., Zirke, T., and Zupan, J.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology and High Energy Physics - Experiment
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This Report summarizes the results of the activities of the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group in the period 2014-2016. The main goal of the working group was to present the state-of-the-art of Higgs physics at the LHC, integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. The first part compiles the most up-to-date predictions of Higgs boson production cross sections and decay branching ratios, parton distribution functions, and off-shell Higgs boson production and interference effects. The second part discusses the recent progress in Higgs effective field theory predictions, followed by the third part on pseudo-observables, simplified template cross section and fiducial cross section measurements, which give the baseline framework for Higgs boson property measurements. The fourth part deals with the beyond the Standard Model predictions of various benchmark scenarios of Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, extended scalar sector, Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and exotic Higgs boson decays. This report follows three previous working-group reports: Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 1. Inclusive Observables (CERN-2011-002), Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions (CERN-2012-002), and Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 3. Higgs properties (CERN-2013-004). The current report serves as the baseline reference for Higgs physics in LHC Run 2 and beyond.
Comment: 869 pages, 295 figures, 248 tables and 1645 citations. Working Group web page: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/LHCHXSWG
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11. Morphology of the spermatheca of Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Stal, 1859) [2018]
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M. F. Monteiro, L. C. O. Lisboa, T. M. Carvalho-Costa, J. C. Nevoa, C. J. F. Oliveira, J. E. Serrão, and E. A. Souza
- Brazilian Journal of Biology, Iss 0 (2018)
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Triatominae, morfologia, secreção, espermatozoides, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, and QK1-989
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Abstract Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Stal, 1859) is a potential vector of Chagas’s disease and the comprehension of its reproductive biology is an important tool to control this insect. In the reproductive tract of female insects, the spermatheca plays a crucial role storing male spermatozoa after mating. Whithin insects the spermatheca shows a wide morphological diversity and the analysis of this characteristic can contribute to understand the reproductive biology of the species. This study describes the histology and histochemistry of the spermatheca of T. lecticularia. Females have a pair of elongated spermathecal reservoirs without associated accessory gland. The reservoir opens into the common oviduct via a narrow muscular duct. The reservoir epithelium has single layer of columnar secretory cells. The control of the release of spermatozoa from the spermatheca occurs via the muscular duct. The anatomical features of the spermatheca of T. lecticularia resemble those described of other Reduviidae. However, the histological and histochemical features of spermatheca observed in T. lecticularia were important to explain the maintenance of the viability of the spermatozoa stored.
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Mendonça, Fernando A. C., Barreto, Marliton R., Assis Jr., Sebastião, and Marsaro Jr., Alberto L.
- Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. April 1997 26(1):209-212
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AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Insecta, Asopinae, mating, and biological control
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Canale, Lauralice de Campos Franceschini., Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli., and Totten, George E. (1945- ).
- Bibliogr. przy rozdz. Indeks.
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Stal -- pęknięcie and Stal -- obróbka cieplna
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Akeroyd, A. G., Aoki, M., Arhrib, A., Basso, L., Ginzburg, I. F., Guedes, R., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Huitu, K., Hurth, T., Kadastik, M., Kanemura, S., Kannike, mK., Khater, W., Krawczyk, M., Mahmoudi, F., Moretti, S., Najjari, S., Osland, P., Pruna, G. M., Purmohammadi, M., Racioppi, A., Raidal, M., Santos, R., Sharma, P., Sokołowska, D., Stål, O., Yagyu, K., and Yildirim, E.
- Eur.Phys.J. C77 (2017) no.5, 276
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
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The goal of this report is to summarize the current situation and discuss possible search strategies for charged scalars, in non-supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model at the LHC. Such scalars appear in Multi-Higgs-Doublet models (MHDM), in particular in the popular Two-Higgs-Doublet model (2HDM), allowing for charged and additional neutral Higgs bosons. These models have the attractive property that electroweak precision observables are automatically in agreement with the Standard Model at the tree level. For the most popular version of this framework, Model~II, a discovery of a charged Higgs boson remains challenging, since the parameter space is becoming very constrained, and the QCD background is very high. We also briefly comment on models with dark matter which constrain the corresponding charged scalars that occur in these models. The stakes of a possible discovery of an extended scalar sector are very high, and these searches should be pursued in all conceivable channels, at the LHC and at future colliders.
Comment: 65 pages, revised version to appear in EPJ C
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15. Morphology of the spermatheca of Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Stal, 1859). [2019]
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Monteiro, M. F., Lisboa, L. C. O., Carvalho-Costa, T. M., Nevoa, J. C., Oliveira, C. J. F., Serrão, J. E., and Souza, E. A.
- Brazilian Journal of Biology; Jan-Mar2019, Vol. 79 Issue 1, p144-148, 5p
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MORPHOLOGY, SPERMATHECA, TRIATOMA, SPERMATOZOA, and EPITHELIUM
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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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POCCO, M. A. R. T. I. N. A. E., GUZMÁN, N. O. E. L. I. A., PLISCHUK, S. A. N. T. I. A. G. O., CONFALONIERI, V. I. V. I. A. N. A., LANGE, C. A. R. L. O. S. E., and CIGLIANO, MARÍA M. A. R. T. A.
Systematic Entomology . Apr2018, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p290-307. 18p.
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BIODIVERSITY, GRASSHOPPER behavior, BIOMES, PHYLOGENY, and SPECIES distribution
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Abstract: The open vegetation biomes, within the limits of the Chacoan subregion, occur along a diagonal in eastern South America covering a large range of environmental conditions. In order to contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of these open biomes, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the grasshopper genus Zoniopoda to the remaining South American Romaleinae, and examined the biogeographical patterns of diversification of the genus. The study is based on morphological and molecular (COI and H3) evidence, including 12 species of Zoniopoda and 17 species of four tribes of South American Romaleinae. We describe a new species of Zoniopoda, and test its taxonomic placement within the group. Results of our phylogenetic analyses recovered Zoniopoda as a monophyletic group with high support values. According to the dispersion–vicariance analysis, the ancestor of Zoniopoda may have been distributed in an area corresponding to the Chacoan and Cerrado provinces. A vicariant event, that could be explained by the uplift of the Brazilian Plateau and the subsidence of the Chaco, is hypothesized to have occurred splitting the ancestral distribution of Zoniopoda, resulting in the independent evolution of the Tarsata group within the Cerrado and the Iheringi group in the Chacoan subregion. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FCFB4C5D-1741-46F1-8E25-B37ED2B9D872. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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17. Molecular Mechanism of Flocculation Self-Recognition in Yeast and Its Role in Mating and Survival [2015]
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Goossens, K. V. Y., Ielasi, F. S., Nookaew, Intawat, Stals, I., Alonso-Sarduy, L., Daenen, L., Van Mulders, S. E., Stassen, C., van Eijsden, R. G. E., Siewers, Verena, Delvaux, F. R., Kasas, S., Nielsen, Jens B, Devreese, B., and Willaert, R. G.
- mBio. 6(2)
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Mikrobiologi and Microbiology
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We studied the flocculation mechanism at the molecular level by determining the atomic structures of N-Flo1p and N-Lg-Flo1p in complex with their ligands. We show that they have similar ligand binding mechanisms but distinct carbohydrate specificities and affinities, which are determined by the compactness of the binding site. We characterized the glycans of Flo1p and their role in this binding process and demonstrate that glycan-glycan interactions significantly contribute to the cell-cell adhesion mechanism. Therefore, the extended flocculation mechanism is based on the self-interaction of Flo proteins and this interaction is established in two stages, involving both glycan-glycan and protein-glycan interactions. The crucial role of calcium in both types of interaction was demonstrated: Ca-2(+) takes part in the binding of the carbohydrate to the protein, and the glycans aggregate only in the presence of Ca-2(+). These results unify the generally accepted lectin hypothesis with the historically first-proposed "Ca-2(+)-bridge" hypothesis. Additionally, a new role of cell flocculation is demonstrated; i.e., flocculation is linked to cell conjugation and mating, and survival chances consequently increase significantly by spore formation and by introduction of genetic variability. The role of Flo1p in mating was demonstrated by showing that mating efficiency is increased when cells flocculate and by differential transcriptome analysis of flocculating versus nonflocculating cells in a low-shear environment (microgravity). The results show that a multicellular clump (floc) provides a uniquely organized multicellular ultrastructure that provides a suitable microenvironment to induce and perform cell conjugation and mating. IMPORTANCE Yeast cells can form multicellular clumps under adverse growth conditions that protect cells from harsh environmental stresses. The floc formation is based on the self-interaction of Flo proteins via an N-terminal PA14 lectin domain. We have focused on the flocculation mechanism and its role. We found that carbohydrate specificity and affinity are determined by the accessibility of the binding site of the Flo proteins where the external loops in the ligand-binding domains are involved in glycan recognition specificity. We demonstrated that, in addition to the Flo lectin-glycan interaction, glycan-glycan interactions also contribute significantly to cell-cell recognition and interaction. Additionally, we show that flocculation provides a uniquely organized multicellular ultrastructure that is suitable to induce and accomplish cell mating. Therefore, flocculation is an important mechanism to enhance long-term yeast survival.
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Zhi-Hui ZHAN, Akane MATSUO, and Chul-Sa KIM
- Journal of Pesticide Science. 2016 41(3/4):163-166
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The LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group, Heinemeyer, S., Mariotti, C., Passarino, G., Tanaka, R., Andersen, J. R., Artoisenet, P., Bagnaschi, E. A., Banfi, A., Becher, T., Bernlochner, F. U., Bolognesi, S., Bolzoni, P., Boughezal, R., Buarque, D., Campbell, J., Caola, F., Carena, M., Cascioli, F., Chanon, N., Cheng, T., Choi, S. Y., David, A., de Aquino, P., Degrassi, G., Del Re, D., Denner, A., van Deurzen, H., Diglio, S., Di Micco, B., Di Nardo, R., Dittmaier, S., Duhrssen, M., Ellis, R. K., Ferrera, G., Fidanza, N., Flechl, M., de Florian, D., Forte, S., Frederix, R., Frixione, S., Gangal, S., Gao, Y., Garzelli, M. V., Gillberg, D., Govoni, P., Grazzini, M., Greiner, N., Griffiths, J., Gritsan, A . V., Grojean, C., Hall, D. C., Hays, C., Harlander, R., Hernandez-Pinto, R., Hoche, S., Huston, J., Jubb, T., Kadastik, M., Kallweit, S., Kardos, A., Kashif, L., Kauer, N., Kim, H., Klees, R., Kramer, M., Krauss, F., Laureys, A., Laurila, S., Lehti, S., Li, Q., Liebler, S., Liu, X., Logan, H. E., Luisoni, G., Malberti, M., Maltoni, F., Mawatari, K., Maierhofer, F., Mantler, H., Martin, S., Mastrolia, P., Mattelaer, O., Mazzitelli, J., Mellado, B., Melnikov, K., Meridiani, P., Miller, D. J., Mirabella, E., Moch, S. O., Monni, P., Moretti, N., Muck, A., Muhlleitner, M., Musella, P., Nason, P., Neu, C., Neubert, M., Oleari, C., Olsen, J., Ossola, G., Peraro, T., Peters, K., Petriello, F., Piacquadio, G., Potter, C. T., Pozzorini, S., Prokofiev, K., Puljak, I., Rauch, M., Rebuzzi, D., Reina, L., Rietkerk, R., Rizzi, A., Rotstein-Habarnau, Y., Salam, G. P., Sborlini, G., Schissler, F., Schonherr, M., Schulze, M., Schumacher, M., Siegert, F., Slavich, P., Smillie, J. M., Stal, O., von Soden-Fraunhofen, J. F., Spira, M., Stewart, I. W., Tackmann, F. J., Taylor, P. T. E., Tommasini, D., Thompson, J., Thorne, R. S., Torrielli, P., Tramontano, F., Tran, N. V., Trocsanyi, Z., Ubiali, M., Vanlaer, P., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vickey, T., Vicini, A., Waalewijn, W. J., Wackeroth, D., Wagner, C., Walsh, J. R., Wang, J., Weiglein, G., Whitbeck, A., Williams, C., Yu, J., Zanderighi, G., Zanetti, M., Zaro, M., Zerwas, P. M., Zhang, C., Zirke, T. J . E., and Zuberi, S.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology and High Energy Physics - Experiment
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This Report summarizes the results of the activities in 2012 and the first half of 2013 of the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the state of the art of Higgs Physics at the LHC, integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. This report follows the first working group report Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 1. Inclusive Observables (CERN-2011-002) and the second working group report Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions (CERN-2012-002). After the discovery of a Higgs boson at the LHC in mid-2012 this report focuses on refined prediction of Standard Model (SM) Higgs phenomenology around the experimentally observed value of 125-126 GeV, refined predictions for heavy SM-like Higgs bosons as well as predictions in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and first steps to go beyond these models. The other main focus is on the extraction of the characteristics and properties of the newly discovered particle such as couplings to SM particles, spin and CP-quantum numbers etc.
Comment: 404 pages, 139 figures, 162 tables. Updated for author names and minor corrections in the figures and tables. Working Group web page: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/CrossSections
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Korch, P P, Keffer, S L, Winter, E, and BioStor
- 101:372-378
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Madaleno, Leonardo L., Ravaneli, Gisele C., Presotti, Leandro E., Mutton, Miguel A., Fernandes, Odair A., and Mutton, Márcia J.R.
- Neotropical Entomology. February 2008 37(1):68-73
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ENTOMOLOGY, Spittlebug, insect-day, chemical control, Cigarrinha-das-raízes, inseto-dia, and controle químico
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Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) is an important pest in Latin America and causes significant reduction in sugarcane productivity. There is no information regarding the effect of this pest on the quality of cane juice used for sugar and alcohol production. This work aimed at evaluating the quality of sugarcane juice from plants attacked by spittlebugs. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 replications, and comprised two treatments: control and chemical treatment with thiamethoxam. An average of 9.2 ± 4.44 spittlebug nymphs m-1 were found in the plots prior to insecticide application. Nymphs were counted 18, 35, 55, and 82 days after the initial sampling (december/2003). During the mid growing season (July 2004), the juice was extracted from stalks and analyzed for Brix, Pol, RS, pH, fiber, purity, TRS, dextran, starch, and total phenolic compounds. Stalk yield was also measured. Chemical treatment was efficient in reducing spittlebug population, and elevated both stalk yield and juice pH. The accumulated infestation expressed as insect-days was significantly and negatively correlated to yield, Pol, pH, and purity. The concentration of phenolic compounds increased with pest infestation, while dextran and starch levels were not affected. The infestation of 2.4 and 7.3 nymphs m-1 day-1 caused reductions of 8.3% and 29.8% in yield; 1.9% and 5.8% in Pol; 0.4% and 1.1% in pH and 0.4% and 1.2% in purity, respectively, in comparison to areas where the pest population was extremely low (< 0.1 nymphs m-1).
Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) é considerada praga importante na América Latina por reduzir a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar. Há pouca informação sobre o efeito do inseto na qualidade da cana que será utilizada para produção de açúcar e álcool. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do caldo da cana de plantas atacadas pela cigarrinha-das-raízes. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 15 repetições e dois tratamentos: testemunha e controle químico com tiametoxam. Nas parcelas experimentais foram encontradas em média 9,2 ± 4,44 ninfas m-1 em monitoramento inicial (dezembro/2003). As ninfas foram contadas aos 18, 35, 55, e 82 dias após a primeira contagem, sendo a infestação expressa em insetos-dia acumulados. Em julho de 2004, procedeu-se à colheita de colmos e extração do caldo, analisando-se o Brix, Pol, açúcares redutores, pH, fibra, pureza, açúcares redutores totais, dextrana, amido, compostos fenólicos totais e produtividade. O controle químico reduziu a população do inseto e elevou a produtividade de colmos e do pH do caldo. A infestação acumulada foi correlacionada significativa e negativamente com a produtividade, Pol, pH, e pureza. O teor de compostos fenólicos aumentou com a elevação da infestação, enquanto que os valores de dextrana e amido não foram alterados. Infestações de 2,4 e 7,3 ninfas m-1 dia-1 causaram reduções da ordem de 8,3% e 29,8% na produtividade; 1,9 e 5,8% na Pol; 0,4% e 1,1% no pH e 0,4% e 1,2% na pureza, respectivamente, em comparação com áreas de população baixa (< 0,1 ninfa m-1).
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Jirström, Karin, Rydén, Lisa, Anagnostaki, L, Nordenskjold, B, Stal, O, Thorstenson, S, Chebil, G, Jonsson, P-E, Fernö, Mårten, and Landberg, Göran
- Journal of Clinical Pathology. 58(11):1135-1142
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Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Klinisk medicin, Cancer och onkologi, Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Medicine, and Cancer and Oncology
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Khan, Muhammad Musa, Huang, Qing, Wagan, Tufail Ahmed, Hua, Hongxia, Cai, Wanlun, and Zhao, Jing
- Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology; Jun2020, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p269-276, 8p
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• Trans-2-dodecenol had no effect on behavior of Paederus fuscipes. • Trans-2-dodecenol showed high repellence against Nilaparvata lugens. • Trans-2-dodecenol had high attraction for Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Plant essential oils (EOs) and a wide range of chemicals affect insect pests in many ways, such as via stimulatory, deterrent, toxic and hormonal effects. Three different compounds ((E)-β-caryophyllene (E-β-C), D-limonene (D-lime) and trans-2-dodecenol (T-2-D)) were tested against Nilaparvata lugens , Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Paederus fuscipes , and their behavioral response was assessed. The results showed that on average, more N. lugens nymphs were repelled by E-β-C and T-2-D than by D-lime. More C. lividipennis nymphs were attracted to T-2-D and D-lime than to E-β-C. However, P. fuscipes displayed no significant response to the three chemical compounds. The results also demonstrated that T-2-D has exerted significant repellency against N. lugens and a significant attraction for C. lividipennis , while E-β-C and D-lime have no significant effect on any tested insect. T-2-D was selected and tested in a greenhouse under semi-field conditions, where the observations confirmed the results of the laboratory experiments. From the results, it can be concluded that T-2-D at a concentration of 0.06 g/L is an effective synthetic volatile chemical compound and is the strongest repellent of N. lugens and the strongest attractant for C. lividipennis. This synthetic chemical compound can be used as a pest management tool in rice agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Mathijs, E, Stals, A, Denayer, S, Baert, L, Bottledoorn, N, Vancoillie, E, Daube, Georges, Dierick, K, Herman, Lieve, Thiry, Etienne, Uyttendaele, Mieke, and BELSPO, sponsor
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Norovirus, Food, Transmission, molecular detection, multiplex real-time RT-PCR, murine norovirus 1, in vitro recombination, virus extraction, soft red fruits, ready-to-eat foods, Life sciences :: Microbiology, and Sciences du vivant :: Microbiologie
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A.ContextNoroviruses are pathogens causing gastroenteritis and infections result in typical symptoms such as abdominal cramps, fever, watery diarrhea and other symptoms such as headaches, chills and general myalgias, which usually last for 2 to 3 days. The illness is self-limiting in most cases. The NV genus contains 5 genogroups whereby genogroup I and II (GI and GII) comprise most of the human infective NV genotypes. Bovine and murine NV are classified respectively in genogroup III (GIII) and V (GV), while porcine NV are also classified in GII. Human infective (mainly GI and GII) noroviruses (NV) have increasingly been recognized as a global major cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, but sensitive detection is only possible by molecular methods, due to the unavailability of a cultivation system. Development of these molecular methods showed that NV could be responsible for 60 % and 77 % of all gastroenteritis cases with known etiology in the USA and in Europe, respectively. The fraction of NV outbreaks caused by consumption of contaminated foods is estimated to be 10 to 20 %. Food products can be contaminated through 2 main transmission routes: either pre-harvest contamination, whereby mostly fresh produce and bivalve shellfish are involved. Shellfish are contaminated by cultivation in contaminated water, while fresh produce can by contaminated by use of contaminated irrigation water or (post-) harvest contamination often involving an infected food handler or food picker. A broad range of food products are related to the latter transmission route. Detection of NV in foods is more difficult because detection of NV present at very low levels on the foods should be possible due to the low infectious dose. Therefore, (genomic material of) NV has to be extracted from the foods and has to be detected subsequently by a molecular detection method. Furthermore, NVs are present in several animal species, raising important questions about zoonotic transmission and potential animal reservoir.B.Objectives1.The NV RNA detection methodology: elaboration, optimization and evaluation of a real-time PCR format and determination of specificity, sensitivity and robustness. Two protocols will be developed. A real-time RT-PCR protocol directed to detection of the acknowledged GGI and GGII strains involved in outbreaks to be used in the frame of control and surveillance by food authorities and food business operators to verify their products and production process. Another real-time RT PCR protocol directed towards a wide diversity of NV genogroups (including newly reported animal associated NV) to be used for research purposes to establish transmission routes and document circulating strains in the environment.2.The sample preparation method: to evaluate the effectiveness of several virus concentration / viral RNA extraction and purification protocols from a variety of food matrices in particular seafoods and with emphasis on elaboration of an appropriate extraction producedure in fresh produce/ready-to-eat foods.3.The routine detection of NVs in food stuffs (seafoods and fresh products): to develop and implement a standard protocol with establishment of appropriate controls for rapid screening of foods for the presence of NVs in accordance with the guidelines for officially approved analysis and harmonization and to generate information on the prevalence of NV strains in foods at retail, products and production processes under the control of food business operators and the primary production. 4.Elucidation of transmission routes (zoonosis hypothesis) through molecular tracing, with a global view on NV strains circulating among human, animal and also in food.5.The tracing of outbreaks: scenario for coupling clinical data from NV outbreaks to their foodborne cause and risk evaluation.6.The development of a risk profile on NV present in the food chain and animal species (strain types circulating, potential animal reservoir, zoonose, definition and incidence in at risk foods, link to epidemiological information).7.Tracing of the genetic evolution of NVs: genetic profiles and emerging of recombinantsC.ConclusionsObjective 1: A multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of human GI and GII NV in clinical samples was designed, with the successful inclusion of MNV-1 as real-time PCR IAC. Evaluation of this multiplex assay showed a high concordance between the multiplex assay and the corresponding singleplex PCR assays. Specificity analysis of the multiplex assay by testing a NV RNA reference panel and clinical GI and GII NV samples showed that specific amplification of NV GI and GII was possible. In addition, no cross-amplification was observed when subjecting a collection of bovine NV and other (non-NV) enteric viruses to the multiplex assay. Finally, MNV-1 was successfully integrated as IAC, although a sufficiently low concentration was needed to avoid interference with the possibility of the developed multiplex assay to quantitatively and simultaneously detect the presence of GI and GII NV within one sample. Persistent contamination problems leading to false-positive results were encountered, but an investigation was performed towards the source of the contamination. The problem could be controlled and only occasional contamination has been observed.Objective 2:Two protocols for extraction of NV from soft red fruits (selected as fresh produce product) and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods were evaluated towards robustness and sensitivity. For the RTE foods, the protocol for RTE foods made use of a guanidine isothiocyanate containing reagent to extract viral RNA from the food sample (basic protocol called TriShort) with an eventual concentration/purification step (extended protocol called TriConc). The protocol for extraction of NV from soft red fruits consisted of alkaline elution of NV particles from the food, followed by polyethylene glycol precipitation and organic solvent purification. After purification, the RNA was detected by the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay optimized in objective 1. The influence of (1) the NV inoculum level and (2) different food types on the recovery of NV from these foods was investigated for both protocols.Overall, the elution –precipitation protocol was able to recover NV from soft red fruits with efficiencies of 10 % to 20 % in most cases while the protocol for RTE foods yielded recovery efficiencies of >1% (TriShort protocol) and 0.1 to 10 % (TriConc protocol). For both NV extraction methods, taking into account all dilution factors resulted in a detection limit of approximately 104 genomic copies/10g. Simultaneous recovery of GI and GII NV in similar or 100-fold different concentrations was possible in both food categories.A significant influence of the NV inoculum level on its recovery was noticeable in both protocols as high inoculum levels were recovered more successfully and with a higher efficiency compared to low level inocula in both protocols. This phenomenon, together with the influence of the food type on the recovery was more explicit on the protocol for RTE foods compared to the protocol for soft red fruits.Objective 3:The multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay described in objective 1 and the virus extraction protocols described in objective 2 were combined to two NV detection methods. The murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a cultivable genogroups V NV, was in these detection methods used and evaluated as control reagent. MNV-1 was used to control the entire virus detection protocol (process control; PC), the reverse transcription reaction (reverse transcription control; RTC) and the real-time PCR reaction (internal amplification control; IAC) when detecting NV in foods. Evaluation showed that MNV-1 PC and RTC could be used for detection of inefficient extraction and inhibition of the RT-PCR, respectively. On the other hand, the MNV-1 IAC provided only little added value and it was suggested to leave this control out. Objective 4:Screening of 75 fruit samples for NV presence was performed using the protocol for soft red fruits (objective 2) and the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay (objective 1). MNV-1 was used as PC, RTC and IAC. A total of 18 samples tested positive for GI and/or GII NV despite good bacteriological quality. Results obtained showed the difficulty of expressing positive (real-time) PCR results towards terms of public health threat if no associated diseases or outbreaks are reported. Although these low NV levels might indicate virus contamination at some point during the fresh produce chain, care should be taken to translate these results as a significant risk to the public health. Nevertheless, a possible risk for food borne transmission of NV from these food products cannot be excluded either.Genotyping results from 115 clinical samples originating from gastro-enteritis epidemics reported to the Scientific Institute of Public Health allowed us to characterise the NV strains implicated in these outbreaks between 2007 and 2010. Similarly, the creation of a stool bank with domestic animal clinical samples and NV screening in these samples in the first part of the NORISK project have allowed the characterisation of animal NVs especially in the bovine and porcine species. These results confirm that bovine and porcine NVs may be endemic in our counties but besides these animal NVs, no other animal NV was detected in the other animal species selected for the stool bank. Objective 5:After the introduction of Norovirus specific analysis method in the surveillance of foodborne outbreaks, it became clear, that Norovirus is an important agent causing foodborne outbreaks in Belgium. During the last three years it was even the leading reported agent. It became also clear that it is not so easy to define the transmission routes of Norovirus. By the introduction of a scenario for gastro-enteritis a classification based on the possible transmission route was possible. In all the reported outbreaks no primary contaminated food like bivalve shellfish or red fruits was involved. Secondary contaminated food plays an imported role in the transmission of Norovirus with an infected food handler as a crucial vector. Besides the food related outbreaks it became clear that person-to person transmission and a high environmental contamination are risk factors in the further transmission of Norovirus in the population The fact that many people are living close together in for example youth camps or elderly homes, the common use of sanitary facilities and the common preparation of meals, combined with the high infectivity of Norovirus and the existence of asymptomatic carriers, results in highly vulnerable populations in these conditions. Although Norovirus infections often end up in a positive way, they may have a high impact on the health (eg elderly homes) and may cause a lot of costs (less personnel at work) and sorrow (eg closure of a youth camp). Although both the prevention and decrease of the risk of a Norovirus infection are not evident, some measures have to be taken. A good hand-, toilet- and kitchen hygiene, a good infrastructure and the rapid signaling of gastro-enteritis outbreaks can decrease the risk of Norovirus infection and might restrict further spread of the virus. The knowledge rising from the Norovirus outbreaks reported at the NRL FBO allowed use to formulate and publish specific measures and recommendations for Norovirus outbreaks, which help the inspectors and physicians in the rapid diagnosis and prevention of the further transmission of Norovirus outbreaks.Objective 6:Throughout the NORISK project, NVs were detected in different food matrices available for human consumption, in humans and in animals like cattle and pigs. For a better comprehension of NV transmission routes, sequences of the detected NVs were determined and submitted for further analysis. Genotyping of NVs in food matrices came out to be a real challenge and consisted into a bottleneck as the amount of genetic material on food was insufficient for PCR amplification and sequencing. This obstacle was not overcome during our project and NV sequences were only obtained from clinical samples in humans and animals. Interesting was that no animal NVs were detected in samples originating from humans and no human sequences were amplified from animal clinical samples. Thus, there is no evidence of a potential interspecies NV transmission and zoonotic transmissions seem unlikely to occur. However NV, being an RNA virus, exhibit great genomic plasticity and changes in its genome could lead to the emergence of new NV variant with different biological proprieties that should not be left out (objective 7).Objective 7:Sequences obtained in the human and bovine clinical samples show different NV strains that exhibit incoherent clustering for the partial sequences of the polymerase and the capsid region indicating that they might be recombinant. For the human NV strains, although the majority of the gastroenteritis outbreaks were involved with GII.4 NVs in 2007 and 2008, other GII NVs were detected from the end of 2008 to 2010 along GII.4 NVs. Among these NVs, a variety of new recombinants were detected in different samples from different outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. New « super » polymerase sequences (GII.e and GII.g) related to the previously described GII.b polymerase were detected in the same period. The exact significance of the emergence of these polymerases or their origin has yet to be elucidated but their involvement with different outbreaks might indicate that they have a selective advantage upon the capsid parental strains.Based on sequencing data, norovirus (NV) recombinants have been described, but noexperimental evidence of recombination in NVs has been documented. Using the murine norovirus (MNV) model, we investigated the occurrence of genetic recombination between two co-infecting wild-type MNV isolates in RAW cells. The design of a PCR-based genotyping tool allowed accurate discrimination between the parental genomes and the detection of a viable recombinant MNV (Rec MNV) in the progeny viruses. Genetic analysis of Rec MNV identified a homologous-recombination event located at the ORF1–ORF2 overlap. Rec MNV exhibited distinct growth curves and produced smaller plaques than the wild-type MNV in RAW cells. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that MNV undergoes homologous recombination at the previously described recombination hot spot for NVs, suggesting that the MNV model might be suitable for in vitro studies of NV recombination. Moreover, the results show that exchange of genetic material between NVs can generate viruses with distinct biological properties from the parental viruses.
A.ContexteLes norovirus (NV) sont des pathogènes responsables de gastro-entérites et d’infections dont les symptômes sont typiquement des crampes abdominales, fièvre, diarrhée aqueuse et d’autres symptômes tels que maux de tête, frissons et myalgies généralisées se manifestant généralement pendant 2 à 3 jours. La maladie est auto-limitante dans la plupart des cas. Le genre NV contient 5 génogroupes où le génogroupe I et II (GI et GII) comprennent la plupart des génotypes de NV humains. Les NV bovins et murins sont classés respectivement dans le génogroupe III (GIII) et V (GV), alors que les NV porcins se groupent aussi dans le GII. Les NV humains (majoritairement GI et GII) ont de plus en plus été globalement reconnus comme cause majeure de gastro-entérite aiguë non bactérienne, cependant la détection n’est possible que par des méthodes moléculaires en l’absence de système de culture. Le développement de ces méthodes moléculaires a montré que les NV seraient responsable de 60 % et 77 % des cas de gastro-entérite à étiologie connue aux Etats-Unis et en Europe, respectivement. La proportion d’épidémies à NV causée par la consommation d’aliments contaminés est estimée à 10-20 %. Les produits alimentaires peuvent être contaminés par deux voies principales : soit par contamination avant la récolte, impliquant surtout les produits frais et les mollusques bivalves, ou par contamination pendant ou après la récolte impliquant une personne infectée qui manipule les aliments. Un large éventail de produits alimentaires est concerné par cette dernière voie de transmission. La détection des NV dans les aliments est plus fastidieuse car les NV sont présents en très faible quantité cependant ils devraient pouvoir être détectés due à leur faible dose infectieuse. Ainsi le matériel génomique des NV devrait pouvoir être extrait des matrices alimentaires et successivement détecté par des méthodes de détection moléculaire. De plus, les NVs des espèces bovine et porcine soulèvent des questions sur l’éventuelle transmission zoonotique ou la présence d’un réservoir animal potentiel.B.Objectifs1.Méthodologie de la détection des NV : élaboration, optimisation et évaluation d’une méthode de RT-PCR en temps réel (RT-qPCR) et détermination de la spécificité, sensibilité et robustesse. Deux protocoles seront développés. Un protocole de RT-qPCR destiné à l a détection des souches de NV GI et GII impliquées dans les épidémies à être utilisé dans le cadre du contrôle et de la surveillance des autorités de la chaîne alimentaire et les opérateurs de l’industrie de l’agro-alimentaire. Un autre protocole de RT-qPCR dirigé envers un grand éventail de génogroupes de NV (tenant compte des NV animaux récemment décrits) sera développé à des fins de recherche pour l’étude des voies de transmission et rapporter les souches de NV circulantes.2.Méthode de préparation de l’échantillon : évaluer l’efficacité de plusieurs protocoles de concentration virale, d’extraction d’ARN et de purification d’ARN à partir d’une variété de matrices alimentaires notamment les mollusques bivalves et l’élaboration d’une procédure d’extraction appropriée dans les produits frais/aliments prêts à la consommation.3.Détection en routine des NV dans les matrices alimentaires (mollusques bivalves et produits frais) : développer et implémenter un protocole standard avec la mise en place de contrôles appropriés pour le criblage rapide des aliments pour la présence de NV en accord avec les recommandations, analyses et harmonisations officiellement approuvées et générer des informations sur la prévalence sur la prévalence des souches de NV dans les aliments vendus au détail, des produits et des procédés de production sous le contrôle des opérateurs de l’industrie agro-alimentaire et la production primaire.4.Elucider les voies de transmission (hypothèse zoonotique) par traçage moléculaire avec une vue globale sur les souches de NV qui circulent dans les humains, les animaux et les aliments.5.Traçage des épidémies : scenario pour coupler les données cliniques des épidémies à NV à la cause alimentaire et évaluation du risque.6.Le développement d’un profile de risque sur les NV présents dans la chaîne alimentaire et les espèces animales (souches circulantes, animal comme réservoir potentiel, zoonose, définition et prévalence dans les aliments à risque et le lien avec les informations épidémiologique).7.Traçage de l’évolution génétique des NVs : profiles génétiques et observation de souches recombinantes.C.ConclusionsObjectif 1: Une RT-qPCR en multiplex pour la détection simultanée des NV humains GI et GII dans les échantillons cliniques a été conçue avec l’insertion fructueuse du MNV-1 comme contrôle interne d’amplification (CIA). L’évaluation de la méthode a montré une grande concordance entre la réaction en multiplex et les réactions en simplex correspondantes. L’évaluation de la spécificité en testant un éventail d’ARN de NV de référence et des échantillons cliniques positifs pour GI et GII a montré que l’amplification spécifique des NV GI et GII est possible. De plus, aucune amplification croisée n’a été observée lorsqu’une collection de NV bovins et d’autres virus entériques (non NV) ont été soumis au test en multiplex. Finalement, le MNV-1 a été intégré avec succès comme CIA, malgré qu’une concentration suffisamment faible étaient nécessaire afin d’éviter l’interférence avec la réaction multiplex développée pour détecter de façon quantitative et simultanée la présence de GI et GII dans un échantillon donné.Des problèmes persistants de contamination menant à des résultats faussement positifs ont été rencontrés et une investigation a été menée afin d’identifier la source de contamination. Le problème a pu être résolu et seuls des contaminations occasionnelles ont été observées par la suite. Objectif 2:Deux protocoles d’extraction pour les NV dans les fruits rouges (produits frais) et les aliments prêts à la consommation (APC) ont été évalués pour leur robustesse et la sensibilité. Pour les APC, le protocole était basé sur l’utilisation de guanidine isothiocyanate contenant un réactif pour l’extraction de l’ARN viral des échantillons de matrice alimentaire (protocole basique appelé TriShort) avec une éventuelle étape de concentration/purification (protocole étendu appelé TriConc). Pour l’extraction des NV dans les fruits rouges, le protocole consistait d’une élution alcaline des particules virales de la matrice alimentaire suivie d’une précipitation au polyéthylène glycol et d’une purification à l’aide d’un solvant organique. Après purification, l’ARN fut détecté par la RT-qPCR en multiplex optimisée lors de l’objectif 1. L’influence de i) la concentration en NV de l’inoculum et ii) les différents types de matrice alimentaire sur la récupération des NV à partir de ces matrices a été investiguée pour chaque protocole.Globalement, le protocole d’élution-précipitation a pu récupérer les NV des fruits rouges avec des efficiences de 10 à 20 % alors que le protocole pour les APC avaient des efficiences de récupération de >1 % (TriShort) et 0,1 % à 10 % (TriConc). Pour les deux protocoles d’extraction, tenant compte des facteurs de dilution la limite de détection était approximativement de 104 copies génomiques/10g. La récupération simultanée de NV GI et GII en quantité similaire jusqu’à 100 fois plus de l’un des deux était possible pour les deux catégories d’aliments.Objectif 3:La réaction de RT-qPCR en multiplex décrite dans l’objectif 1 et les protocoles d’extraction décrits dans l’objectif 2 ont été combinés dans deux méthodes de détecion. Le NV murin MNV-1, un NV cultivable du génogroupe V, a été utilisé et évalué comme réactif de contrôle dans la réaction de détection. Le MNV-1 a été utilisé afin de contrôler le protocole de détection virale en entier (contrôle de procédé, PC), la réaction de transcription réverse (contrôle de RT, RTC) et la réaction de qPCR (contrôle d’amplification interne, IAC) lors de la détection des NV dans les matrices alimentaires. L’évaluation a pu montrer que le MNV-1 comme PC et RTC permet la détection respectivement d’une extraction inefficiente et de l’inhibition de la RT-PCR. D’autre part, le MNV-1 IAC n’a montré qu’un faible intérêt alors il a été suggéré de l’exclure de la réaction. Objectif 4:Le criblage de 75 échantillons de fruits pour la présence a été réalisé avec le protocole d’extraction pour les fruits rouges (objectif 2) et la réaction de RT-qPCR en multiplex (objectif 1). Le MNV-1 a été utilisé comme PC, RTC et IAC. Un total de 18 échantillons a été testé positif pour NV GI et/ou GII malgré la bonne qualité bactériologique des aliments. Les résultats obtenus illustraient bien la difficulté à interpréter les résultats positifs des (q)PCR en terme de danger pour la santé publique lorsqu’aucune maladie ou épidémie associée a été rapportée. Malgré le faite que même une faible quantité de NV détectée peut indiquer une contamination virale à un moment donné dans la chaîne alimentaire et les résultats obtenus doivent donc être interprétés avec attention en terme de danger pour la santé publique. Néanmoins, un risque potentiel de transmission alimentaire de NV à partir de ces matrices alimentaires ne peut être exclu.Le génotypage de 115 échantillons cliniques provenant d’épidémies de gastro-entérite rapportées à l’Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique ont permis de caractériser les souches NV impliquées dans ces épisodes en Belgique pour la période 2007-2010. Parallèlement, le criblage d’échantillons cliniques d’animaux domestiques, après création d’une banque de matières fécales pour différentes espèces animales, a permis la caractérisation de NV animaux au cours de la première partie du projet notamment dans l’espèce bovine et porcine. Les résultats obtenus confortent le fait que les NV bovins et porcins sont endémiques dans nos régions. Cependant des NV n’ont pas pu être mis en évidence pour d’autres animaux domestiques dans cette étude. Objectif 5 :Après l’introduction d’une méthode d’analyse spécifique aux norovirus pour la surveillance des épidémies d’origine alimentaire, il est devenu clair, que NV est un agent important responsable d’épidémies de gastro-entérite en Belgique. Pendant ces trois dernières années, les NV étaient les agents les plus rapportés. De plus, la détermination des voies de transmission des NV s’est avérée être difficile. Par la présentation d’un scénario pour les gastro-entérites, une classification basée sur la transmission potentielle a été possible. Pour toutes les épidémies rapportées aucune matrice alimentaire contaminée de façon primaire comme les mollusques bivalves ou les fruits rouges n’a pu être incriminée. Deuxièmement, les aliments contaminés jouent un rôle important dans la transmission des NV avec les personnes impliquées dans la préparation des aliments (food handler) comme vecteur crucial. Mis à part les épidémies d’origine alimentaire, les transmissions de personne à personne et une contamination importante de l’environnement représentaient des facteurs de risque pour la transmission des NV dans la population. La promiscuité comme dans les colonies de vacances ou les maisons de repos, le partage des installations sanitaires et la préparation commune des repas, en concomitance avec la grande infectiosité des NV et l’existence de porteurs asymptomatiques rendent les populations dans les collectivités très vulnérables. Bien que les infections à NV sont pour la plupart bénignes, elles ont un impact majeur sur la santé publique (particulièrement dans les maisons de repos) et peuvent engendrer des frais importants (moins de personnel à disposition) ainsi que d’autres embarras tels que la fermeture d’un camp de jeunesse. Malgré la difficulté pour prévenir et limiter les risques d’infection à NV, certaines mesures doivent toute fois être prises. Une bonne hygiène des mains, des toilettes et de la cuisine, une infrastructure adéquate ainsi qu’un rapportage rapide des épidémies à NV peuvent réduire les risques d’infection et limiter la progression des infections. Les connaissances acquises pour les épidémies rapportées à la plateforme au cours du projet nous ont permis de formuler et de publier des mesures et des recommandations spécifiques pour les épidémies à NV afin d’aider les inspecteurs et les médecins à réaliser un diagnostic rapide et à contenir les épidémies.Objectifs 6 :Tout au long du projet NORISK des NVs ont pu être détectés dans différentes matrices alimentaires destinées à la consommation humaine, dans des échantillons cliniques humains et animaux notamment dans l’espèce bovine et porcine. Pour une meilleure compréhension des voies de transmisssion, les séquences des NVs détectés ont été déterminées et ont été analysées. Le génotypage des NVs détectés dans les aliments s’est avéré constituer un véritable défi et a constité un facteur limitant car la contamination virale dans ces matrices était trop faible pour permettre une amplification par PCR suivi du séquençage. Cet obstacle n’a pu être surmonté et seules les séquences des NVs détectés dans les échantillons cliniques humains et animaux ont pu être déterminées. Aucun NV animal n’a pu être détecté dans les échantillons cliniques humains. Inversement, aucun NV humain n’a pu être détecté dans les échantillons cliniques animaux. Rien n’indique donc une éventuelle transmission inter-espèce pour les NV et la possibilité d’éventuelles transmissions zoonotiques parait peu probable. Toutefois, les NV sont des virus à ARN avec une grande plasticité génomique et ces changements pourraient conduire à des modifications d’hôtes qui ne sont pas à exclure (objectif 7).Objectif 7 :L’analyse des séquences obtenues dans les échantillons cliniques humains et bovins montrent plusieurs souches dont la classification dans la région de la capside diffère de celle de la région de la polymérase indiquant qu’il s’agit là probablement de souches recombinantes. Pour les NV humains, alors que la majorité des NV détectés au cours des épisodes de gastro-entérite en 2007 et 2008 appartenaient au GII.4, d’autres NV du GII ont été détecté à partir de fin 2008 aux côtés des GII.4. Parmi elles, différentes souches de NV recombinantes détectées dans des échantillons provenant de différentes épidémies entre 2008 et 2010. De nouvelles séquences de « super » polymérases (GII.e et GII.g) telles que la polymérase GIIb ont été détectées pendant ces années. La signification exacte de l’apparition de ces polymérases et leur origine n’a pas encore été élucidée mais leur implication dans plusieurs épisodes de gastro-entérite indiquent qu’elles pourraient avoir un avantage par rapport aux souches parentales de capside.De nombreux NV recombinants ont été décrits sur base des données de séquences nucléotidiques cependant aucune donnée expérimentale sur la recombinaison chez les NV n’était disponible. A l’aide du modèle cultivable du MNV, nous avons investigué la fréquence de recombinaison entre deux souches sauvages co-infectantes de MNV dans les cellules RAW. La mise au point d’un outil de génotypage par qPCR a permis de discriminer de façon précise entre les deux souches parentales et la détection d’un MNV recombinant viable (Rec MNV) parmi les virus filles. L’analyse génétique du recombinant a permis de mettre en évidence un évènement de recombinaison homologue localisé au niveau de la jonction ORF1-ORF2. Rec MNV possédaient des courbes de croissance distinctes par rapport aux souches parentales et produisaient des plages de lyse plus petites que les souches sauvages dans les cellules RAW. Nous avons donc montré expérimentalement que les MNV subissent la recombinaison homologue à l’endroit reconnu comme point préférentiel de recombinaison pour les NV suggérant que le modèle MNV pourrait être utilisé pour les études in vitro de recombinaison chez les NV. De plus, les résultats montrent que l’échange de matériel génétique entre NV peut générer des virus avec des propriétés biologiques distinctes de celles des virsu parentaux.
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Scott A Thomson, Richard L Pyle, Shane T Ahyong, Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga, Joe Ammirati, Juan Francisco Araya, John S Ascher, Tracy Lynn Audisio, Valter M Azevedo-Santos, Nicolas Bailly, William J Baker, Michael Balke, Maxwell V L Barclay, Russell L Barrett, Ricardo C Benine, James R M Bickerstaff, Patrice Bouchard, Roger Bour, Thierry Bourgoin, Christopher B Boyko, Abraham S H Breure, Denis J Brothers, James W Byng, David Campbell, Luis M P Ceríaco, István Cernák, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Chih-Han Chang, Soowon Cho, Joshua M Copus, Mark J Costello, Andras Cseh, Csaba Csuzdi, Alastair Culham, Guillermo D'Elía, Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz, Mikhail E Daneliya, René Dekker, Edward C Dickinson, Timothy A Dickinson, Peter Paul van Dijk, Klaas-Douwe B Dijkstra, Bálint Dima, Dmitry A Dmitriev, Leni Duistermaat, John P Dumbacher, Wolf L Eiserhardt, Torbjørn Ekrem, Neal L Evenhuis, Arnaud Faille, José L Fernández-Triana, Emile Fiesler, Mark Fishbein, Barry G Fordham, André V L Freitas, Natália R Friol, Uwe Fritz, Tobias Frøslev, Vicki A Funk, Stephen D Gaimari, Guilherme S T Garbino, André R S Garraffoni, József Geml, Anthony C Gill, Alan Gray, Felipe G Grazziotin, Penelope Greenslade, Eliécer E Gutiérrez, Mark S Harvey, Cornelis J Hazevoet, Kai He, Xiaolan He, Stephan Helfer, Kristofer M Helgen, Anneke H van Heteren, Francisco Hita Garcia, Norbert Holstein, Margit K Horváth, Peter H Hovenkamp, Wei Song Hwang, Jaakko Hyvönen, Melissa B Islam, John B Iverson, Michael A Ivie, Zeehan Jaafar, Morgan D Jackson, J Pablo Jayat, Norman F Johnson, Hinrich Kaiser, Bente B Klitgård, Dániel G Knapp, Jun-Ichi Kojima, Urmas Kõljalg, Jenő Kontschán, Frank-Thorsten Krell, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Sven Kullander, Leonardo Latella, John E Lattke, Valeria Lencioni, Gwilym P Lewis, Marcos G Lhano, Nathan K Lujan, Jolanda A Luksenburg, Jean Mariaux, Jader Marinho-Filho, Christopher J Marshall, Jason F Mate, Molly M McDonough, Ellinor Michel, Vitor F O Miranda, Mircea-Dan Mitroiu, Jesús Molinari, Scott Monks, Abigail J Moore, Ricardo Moratelli, Dávid Murányi, Takafumi Nakano, Svetlana Nikolaeva, John Noyes, Michael Ohl, Nora H Oleas, Thomas Orrell, Barna Páll-Gergely, Thomas Pape, Viktor Papp, Lynne R Parenti, David Patterson, Igor Ya Pavlinov, Ronald H Pine, Péter Poczai, Jefferson Prado, Divakaran Prathapan, Richard K Rabeler, John E Randall, Frank E Rheindt, Anders G J Rhodin, Sara M Rodríguez, D Christopher Rogers, Fabio de O Roque, Kevin C Rowe, Luis A Ruedas, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Rodrigo B Salvador, George Sangster, Carlos E Sarmiento, Dmitry S Schigel, Stefan Schmidt, Frederick W Schueler, Hendrik Segers, Neil Snow, Pedro G B Souza-Dias, Riaan Stals, Soili Stenroos, R Douglas Stone, Charles F Sturm, Pavel Štys, Pablo Teta, Daniel C Thomas, Robert M Timm, Brian J Tindall, Jonathan A Todd, Dagmar Triebel, Antonio G Valdecasas, Alfredo Vizzini, Maria S Vorontsova, Jurriaan M de Vos, Philipp Wagner, Les Watling, Alan Weakley, Francisco Welter-Schultes, Daniel Whitmore, Nicholas Wilding, Kipling Will, Jason Williams, Karen Wilson, Judith E Winston, Wolfgang Wüster, Douglas Yanega, David K Yeates, Hussam Zaher, Guanyang Zhang, Zhi-Qiang Zhang, and Hong-Zhang Zhou
- PLoS Biology , Vol 16, Iss 3, p e2005075 (2018)
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Biology (General) and QH301-705.5
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A. G. Akeroyd, M. Aoki, A. Arhrib, L. Basso, I. F. Ginzburg, R. Guedes, J. Hernandez-Sanchez, K. Huitu, T. Hurth, M. Kadastik, S. Kanemura, K. Kannike, W. Khater, M. Krawczyk, F. Mahmoudi, S. Moretti, S. Najjari, P. Osland, G. M. Pruna, M. Purmohammadi, A. Racioppi, M. Raidal, R. Santos, P. Sharma, D. Sokołowska, O. Stål, K. Yagyu, and E. Yildirim
- European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, Vol 77, Iss 5, Pp 1-33 (2017)
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Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, and QC770-798
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Abstract The goal of this report is to summarize the current situation and discuss possible search strategies for charged scalars, in non-supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model at the LHC. Such scalars appear in Multi-Higgs-Doublet models, in particular in the popular Two-Higgs-Doublet model, allowing for charged and additional neutral Higgs bosons. These models have the attractive property that electroweak precision observables are automatically in agreement with the Standard Model at the tree level. For the most popular version of this framework, Model II, a discovery of a charged Higgs boson remains challenging, since the parameter space is becoming very constrained, and the QCD background is very high. We also briefly comment on models with dark matter which constrain the corresponding charged scalars that occur in these models. The stakes of a possible discovery of an extended scalar sector are very high, and these searches should be pursued in all conceivable channels, at the LHC and at future colliders.
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Casper D. J. den Heijer, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe, Geneviève A. F. S. van Liere, Jan E. A. M. van Bergen, Jochen W. L. Cals, Frans S. Stals, and Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers
- BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
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Sexually Transmitted Infection, Chlamydia Trachomatis, Patient Visit, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Social Economic Status, Infectious and parasitic diseases, and RC109-216
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Abstract Background Gonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), can cause reproductive morbidity, is increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics and is frequently asymptomatic, which shows the essential role of NG test practice. In this study we wanted to compare NG diagnostic testing procedures between different STI care providers serving a defined geographic Dutch region (280,000 inhabitants). Methods Data on laboratory testing and diagnosis of urogenital and extragenital (i.e. anorectal and oropharyngeal) NG were retrieved from general practitioners (GPs), an STI clinic, and gynaecologists (2006–2010). Per provider, we assessed their contribution regarding the total number of tests performed and type of populations tested, the proportion of NG positives re-tested (3–12 months after treatment) and test-of-cure (TOC, within 3 months post treatment). Results Overall, 17,702 NG tests (48.7% STI clinic, 38.2% GPs, 13.1% gynaecologists) were performed during 15,458 patient visits. From this total number of tests, 2257 (12.7%) were extragenital, of which 99.4% were performed by the STI clinic. Men were mostly tested at the STI clinic (71%) and women by their GP (43%). NG positivity per visit was 1.6%; GP 1.9% (n = 111), STI clinic 1.7% (n = 131) and gynaecology 0.2% (n = 5). NG positivity was associated with Chlamydia trachomatis positivity (OR: 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.46–2.92). Per anatomical location, the proportion of NG positives re-tested were: urogenital 20.3% (n = 36), anorectal 43.6% (n = 17) and oropharyngeal 57.1% (n = 20). NG positivity among re-tests was 16.9%. Proportions of NG positives with TOC by anatomical location were: urogenital 10.2% (n = 18), anorectal 17.9% (n = 7) and oropharyngeal 17.1% (n = 6). Conclusions To achieve best practice in relation to NG testing, we recommend that: 1) GPs test at extragenital sites, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), 2) all care providers consider re-testing 3 to 12 months after NG diagnosis and 3) TOC is performed following oropharyngeal NG diagnosis in settings which provide services to higher-risk men and women (such as STI clinics).
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Bergman, J. E. S., Åhlén, L., Stål, O., Thidé, B., Ananthakrishnan, S., Wahlund, J. -E., Karlsson, R. L., Puccio, W., Carozzi, T. D., and Kale, P.
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Astrophysics
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The ELVIS instrument was recently proposed by the authors for the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon and is presently under consideration by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The scientific objective of ELVIS is to explore the electromagnetic environment of the moon. ELVIS samples the full three-dimensional (3D) electric field vector, E(x,t), up to 18 MHz, with selective Nyqvist frequency bandwidths down to 5 kHz, and one component of the magnetic field vector, B(x,t), from a few Hz up to 100 kHz.As a transient detector, ELVIS is capable of detecting pulses with a minimum pulse width of 5 ns. The instrument comprises three orthogonal electric dipole antennas, one magnetic search coil antenna and a four-channel digital sampling system, utilising flexible digital down conversion and filtering together with state-of-the-art onboard digital signal processing.
Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the DGLR Int. Symposium "To Moon and Beyond", Bremen, Germany, 2005. Companion paper to arXiv:astro-ph/0509210
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Mourão, Sheila A., Zanuncio, José C., Molina-Rugama, Adrián J., Vilela, Evaldo F., and Lacerda, Mábio C.
- Neotropical Entomology. September 2003 32(3):469-473
- Subjects
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ENTOMOLOGY, Biological control, predacious stinkbug, reproductive strategy, prey scarcity, Controle biológico, percevejo, estratégia reprodutiva, and escassez de alimento
- Abstract
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O efeito da escassez de presas no desempenho de fêmeas de Supputius cincticeps (Stål) foi estudado a 24,6 ± 0,7ºC, umidade relativa de 80 ± 4% e fotoperíodo de 12h. Larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. foram fornecidas às fêmeas durante 24h, a cada um, dois, quatro, seis ou oito dias; pedaços de vagem de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foram fornecidos em todos os tratamentos de forma contínua. A porcentagem de fêmeas com posturas, o período de oviposição e o número de posturas, de ovos e de ninfas diminuíram com o aumento do intervalo sem presa. Entretanto, os períodos de pré-oviposição e de pós-oviposição aumentaram à medida que o alimento tornou-se menos freqüente, enquanto a longevidade e o número de ovos por postura não foram afetados pelo regime de presas. Os resultados sugerem uma compensação entre a longevidade e a fecundidade (redução da segunda para manter a primeira), o que pode contribuir para o estabelecimento e a sobrevivência de S. cincticeps em condições de escassez de presa.
The effect of prey shortage on the performance of Supputius cincticeps (Stål) females was evaluated at 24.6 ± 0.7ºC, 80 ± 4% RH and 12h photophase. Larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. were offered to the females during 24h every one, two, four, six or eight days; pieces of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were offered continuously. The percentage of females with egg masses, oviposition period, and the number of egg masses, eggs and nymphs decreased with the increase in the interval without prey, whereas the periods of pre- and pos-oviposition increased. On the other hand, longevity and number of eggs per egg mass were not affected by the prey regimen. The results suggest a trade-off between longevity and fecundity (reduction of fecundity to maintain longevity), which could contribute to the establishment and survival of S. cincticeps during periods of prey scarcity.
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Jahnke, Simone M., Redaelli, Luiza R., Diefenbach, Lúcia M.G., and Efrom, Caio F.S.
- Neotropical Entomology. January 2003 32(1):123-126
- Subjects
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ENTOMOLOGY, Harpactorinae, oviposition, tobacco, predator, oviposição, fumo, and predador
- Abstract
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A seleção de locais adequados à oviposição, garantindo boas condições de desenvolvimento da prole, ocorre em muitas espécies de insetos. Para predadores a estratégia de realizar posturas em vários locais da cultura é esperada, pois possibilita a colonização mais abrangente da área, diminuindo também a competição intra-específica. O conhecimento dessa estratégia é importante para a determinação do papel do predador como agente de controle de populações fitófagas. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar posturas de Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål no campo e identificar seus padrões de distribuição espacial. De agosto de 1999 a abril de 2000, em um cultivo experimental de fumo (Nicotiana tabacum), em Porto Alegre, RS, foram monitoradas 270 plantas de fumo do tipo Virgínia, variedade K326, identificadas por coordenadas alfa-numéricas. A posição das posturas era registrada na cultura e na planta em relação ao estrato (inferior, mediano e apical) e à estrutura (haste e folha). Após a eclosão das ninfas recolhiam-se os córions para contagem do número de ovos. Encontraram-se 176 posturas no campo, em 34 ocasiões de amostragem. O padrão de distribuição das posturas na quase totalidade das amostras ajustou-se à distribuição aleatória, tanto pelo índice de dispersão I (97,1%) como pela Lei da Potência de Taylor (b = 0,9633). A maioria das posturas foi encontrada no terço apical (68,4%) e na face adaxial das folhas. Constatou-se o número médio de 13,1 ± 4,98 ovos/postura. A disposição das posturas no cultivo experimental aponta para um bom aproveitamento de recursos existentes.
The search for oviposition sites with good conditions for offspring development is common in many insect species. Predators usually lay eggs in various places in a culture to allow a more complete colonization and to reduce intraspecific competition. This knowledge is important to determine the role of predators in the control of phytophagous populations. The present work aimed at characterizing Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål egg masses in tobacco field, and at identifying their spatial distribution pattern. A field with 270 tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum, Virginia type, var. k326), was surveyed from August 1999 to April 2000. The experimental field was located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Each egg mass found had its position recorded in relation to the culture (coordinates), the plant vertical stratum (inferior, middle and apical) and plant structure (steam and leaf). After nymphal emergence, the corions were collected and brought to the laboratory to record the egg number/mass. A total of 176 egg masses were found in 34 sampling occasions. The egg masses dispersion pattern followed a random distribution in almost all occasions, considering both the Dispersion Index I (97%) and the Taylor Power Law Index (b = 0.9633). Most of the eggs (68.4%) were found on the plant apical third. The adaxial leaf side was also preferred for oviposition. The mean number of eggs/mass was 13.1 ± 4.98, ranging from two to 22. The egg masses distribution pattern in the experimental plot suggests an adequate usage of the available resources.
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32. Physics at the e(+) e(-) linear collider [2015]
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Moortgat-Pick, G., Baer, H., Battaglia, M., Belanger, G., Fujii, K., Kalinowski, J., Heinemeyer, S., Kiyo, Y., Olive, K., Simon, F., Uwer, P., Wackeroth, D., Zerwas, P. M., Arbey, A., Asano, M., Bagger, J., Bechtle, P., Bharucha, A., Brau, J., Bruemmer, F., Choi, S. Y., Denner, A., Desch, K., Dittmaier, S., Ellwanger, U., Englert, C., Freitas, A., Ginzburg, I., Godfrey, S., Greiner, N., Grojean, C., Gruenewald, M., Heisig, J., Hoecker, A., Kanemura, S., Kawagoe, K., Kogler, R., Krawczyk, M., Kronfeld, A. S., Kroseberg, J., Liebler, S., List, J., Mahmoudi, F., Mambrini, Y., Matsumoto, S., Mnich, J., Moenig, K., Muehlleitner, M. M., Poschl, R., Porod, W., Porto, S., Rolbiecki, K., Schmitt, M., Serpico, P., Stanitzki, M., Stål, Oscar, Stoecfaniak, T., Stockinger, D., Weiglein, G., Wilson, G. W., Zeune, L., Moortgat, F., Xella, S., Ellis, J. d, Komamiya, S., Peskin, M., Schlatter, D., Wagner, A., Yamamoto, H., Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum, and Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC)
- European Physical Journal C. 75(8)
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Natural Sciences, Physical Sciences, Naturvetenskap, and Fysik
- Abstract
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A comprehensive review of physics at an e(+) e(-) linear collider in the energy range of root s = 92 GeV-3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low-energy as well as astroparticle physics. The report focusses in particular on Higgs-boson, top-quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the standard model physics such as super-symmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analysed as well.
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Sakakibara, Albino M. and Creão-Duarte, Antonio J.
- Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. June 2004 48(2):193-197
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ENTOMOLOGY, Aetalionidae, Biturritiinae, Hemiptera, Lophyraspis, taxonomy, and taxonomia
- Abstract
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O gênero Lophyraspis e as seguintes espécies, juntamente com algumas mudanças nomenclaturais, são tratados: Lophyraspis Stål, 1869 = Gerridius Fowler, 1896 syn. rest.; Lophyraspis muscaria (Fabricius, 1803) = Gerridius scutellatus Fowler, 1896 syn. nov. = Gerridius abbreviatus Baker, 1907 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis pygmaea (Fabricius, 1803); Lophyraspis scutellata (Fabricius, 1803) = L. cristata Stål, 1869 syn. nov. = L. armata Haviland, 1925 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis spinosa (Funkhouser, 1930) comb. nov. (anteriormente em Mina Walker, 1858); Lophyraspis fenestrata sp. nov. (Brasil, Amazonas); Lophyraspis diminuta sp. nov. (Brasil, Mato Grosso).
On the genus Lophyraspis Stål and description of new species (Hemiptera, Aetalionidae, Biturritiinae). The genus Lophyraspis and the following species are treated, along with some nomenclatural changes: Lophyraspis Stål, 1869 = Gerridius Fowler, 1896 syn. rest.; Lophyraspis muscaria (Fabricius, 1803) = Gerridius scutellatus Fowler, 1896 syn. nov. = Gerridius abbreviatus Baker, 1907 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis pygmaea (Fabricius, 1803); Lophyraspis scutellata (Fabricius, 1803) = L. cristata Stål, 1869 syn. nov. = L. armata Haviland, 1925 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis spinosa (Funkhouser, 1930) comb. nov. (formerly in Mina Walker, 1858); Lophyraspis fenestrata sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas); Lophyraspis diminuta sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso).
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Torres, Jorge B., Zanuncio, José C., Saavedra, Jorge L.D., and Aldrich, Jeffrey R.
- Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. December 1997 26(3):463-469
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AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Insecta, predatory bugs, mass rearing, percevejos predadores, and criação massal
- Abstract
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Estudou-se o efeito do extrato de glândulas dorso-abdominais, produtoras de feromônio sexual de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) e de Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), adicionadas em dieta artificial, como atrativo e estimulante alimentar para ninfas desses predadores, comparado com ninfas criadas somente em dieta artificial ou com presas alternativas. O extrato de glândulas pincelado sobre a dieta artificial, apresentou atratividade em 88% de ninfas de P. nigrispinus alimentando-se desta dieta, semelhante àquelas sobre dieta pincelada e contendo o extrato em mistura (10% v/p) (84%) e aquelas alimentadas com a presa alternativa Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (100%). S. cincticeps, apresentou 60 e 56% de ninfas alimentando-se sobre as mesmas dietas, o que foi menor que a percentagem de ninfas alimentando-se na presa alternativa Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (92%). Ninfas de P. nigrispinus e de S. cincticeps, apresentaram pesos semelhantes, com a dieta artificial sem mistura (2,7 e 1,3 mg), com extrato de glândula (2,8 e 1,6 mg), pincelada com o extrato (2,1 e 1,0 mg) e com a dieta artificial com extrato de glândula e pincelada com o mesmo (2,4 e 1,2 mg), respectivamente. No entanto, esses pesos, foram inferiores àqueles obtidos com a presa alternativa (3,1 e 3,0 mg).
The attractant and feeding stimulant effects of extracts of dorsal abdominal glands of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) added to nymphs' diet were evaluated and compared with stimulant and feeding effects on factitious prey. The extract spread over the diet attracted 88% of nymphs of P. nigrispinus. Similar results were achieved for nymphs feeding on diet with extract (spread over and added - 84%), and using the factitious prey Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (100%). Nymphs of S. cincticeps feeding on the same diet, showed maximum value of 60 and 56% but lower than that achieved on the factitious prey, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (92%). Nymphs of P. nigrispinus and S. cincticeps showed similar lower weights when reared on the artificial diet (2.7 and 1.2 mg), respectively, or when reared with extract added to the diet (2.8 and 1.6 mg), extract spread over the diet (2.1 and 1.0 mg), or with extract spread over and added to the diet (2.4 and 1.3 mg) than that on the factitious prey (3.1 and 3.0 mg).
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Wanderley, Maria J. A. and Ramalho, Francisco de S.
- Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. March 1999 28(1):121-129
- Subjects
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AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Insecta, predator, thermal requirements, predador, and exigências térmicas
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O desenvolvimento, a sobrevivência e as exigências térmicas do pentatomídeo predador Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) foram estudados às temperaturas de 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30 e 33°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. O período de ovo a adulto variou de 27,7 (30°C) a 121,0 dias (15°C) para indivíduos que originaram machos, e de 30,3 (28°C) a 114,0 dias (15°C) para os que originaram fêmeas. A 33°C não ocorreu eclosão de ninfas de S. cincticeps. A sobrevivência de S. cincticeps na fase de ovo variou de 23,5 (30°C) a 74,6% (25°C). A sobrevivência ninfal de S. cincticeps foi maior a temperaturas moderadas, variando de 3 (15°C) a 56% (20°C). A sobrevivência da forma imatura foi maior a 20°C. As temperaturas bases para ovo, desenvolvimento ninfal e forma imatura foram de 10,7, 11,0 e 12,0°C para indivíduos que originaram machos, e de 10,0, 12,0 e 8,9°C para os que originaram fêmeas. As constantes térmicas para essas fases foram de 84,6, 410,7 e 440,1 graus-dias, e 88,2, 440,1 e 643,1 graus-dias, respectivamente, para indivíduos que deram origem a machos e fêmeas.
Development time, survival and thermal requirements of the pentatomid predator Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) were studied at constant temperatures of 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, and 33°C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a 14L:10D photoperiod. Time required for development from egg to adult ranged from 27.7 (30°C) to 121 days (15°C) for individuals that originated males, and from 30.3 (28°C) to 114.0 days (15°C) to those that originated females. At 33°C the nymphs did not hatch. Egg survival ranged from 23.5 (30°C) to 74.6% (25°C). Nymphal survival was highest at moderate temperatures, ranging from 3% (15°C) to 56% (20°C). Immature had highest survival at 20°C. Lower developmental threshold temperatures for egg, nymphal development and immature phases were 10.7, 11.0, and 12.0°C for individuals that originated males, and 10.0, 12.0 and 8.9°C for those that originated females. Thermal constants for egg, nymphal development and immature phases were 84.6, 410.7 and 440.1 degree-days, and 88.2, 440.1 and 643.1 degree-days, respectively, for individuals that originated males and females.
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Azevedo, Francisco R. de and Ramalho, Francisco S.
- Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. March 1999 28(1):111-119
- Subjects
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AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Insecta, asopinae, biological control, nutrition, behavior, controle biológico, nutrição, and comportamento
- Abstract
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Estudaram-se os efeitos da temperatura e da defesa da presa na utilização de larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. pelas ninfas do predador Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). Constatou-se que o crescimento de S. cincticeps ocorreu em função da defesa da presa e/ou da temperatura. A taxa de consumo relativo de larvas de T. molitor pelo S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador e da temperatura ambiente e também do comportamento de defesa da presa. A eficiência de conversão das larvas de T. molitor ingeridas por ninfas de S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador, da temperatura e da defesa apresentada pela presa. A taxa de crescimento relativo de S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador e da temperatura do ambiente, e do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa.
The effects of the temperature and of the prey defense on the utilization of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae by the nymphs of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) were studied. Growth of S. cincticeps was function of the prey defense and/or temperature. The relative consumption rate of T. molitor larvae by S. cincticeps depended on the instar of the predator and on the temperature, and also on the defense behavior of the prey. The efficiency of conversion of T. molitor larvae ingested by nymphs of S. cincticeps depended upon the predator instar, temperature and defense of the prey. The relative growth rate of S. cincticeps was related to predator instar and temperature, and predator instar and defense of the prey.
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Azevedo, Francisco Roberto de and Ramalho, Francisco de Sousa
- Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. February 1999 34(2):165-171
- Subjects
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AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, biological control, nutrition, food intake, food utilization, controle biológico, nutrição, consumo de alimento, and utilização de alimento
- Abstract
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A pesquisa objetivou determinar se a temperatura e a defesa da presa afetam o consumo e a utilização de larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. por ninfas de Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). Quantificaram-se em cada um dos ínstares do predador Supputius cincticeps os consumos bruto e diário das larvas de T. molitor com e sem defesa, ganho de peso total e ganho de peso diário pelo predador. Foram determinados os efeitos da defesa da presa e da temperatura ambiente no consumo de alimento pelas ninfas de 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º ínstares de S. cincticeps. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Unidade de Controle Biológico da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, em Campina Grande, PB, a 20, 25, e 30ºC, 60±10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo bruto de larvas de T. molitor pelo S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e da temperatura e defesa da presa; o consumo diário de S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, e do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e o ganho de peso de S. cincticeps depende do seu ínstar, da temperatura e da defesa apresentada pelas larvas de T. molitor. O tamanho das larvas de T. molitor funciona como defesa ao ataque de S. cincticeps.
The objective of the research was to determine if the temperature and pray defense affect the consumption and utilization of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae by nymphs of Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). The gross and daily consumptions of T. molitor larvae with and without defense by the predator Supputius cincticeps, and the gross and daily weight gains of the predator were quantified. Effects of the prey defense and temperature on the food consumption by the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar nimphs of S. cincticeps were determined. The research was carried out in the Biological Control Unit of the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, at Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, at 20, 25, and 30°C, 60±10% RH and 14L:10D photoperiod. The results showed that the gross consumption of T. molitor larvae by S. cincticeps depends on the predator instar and on temperature, on the predator instar and on the prey defense, and on temperature and on the prey defense; the daily consumption of S. cincticeps depends on its instar and on temperature, and on its instar and on the prey defense; and S. cincticeps weight gain depends on its instar, on temperature and on the prey defense. The size of T. molitor larvae works as a defense to attack of S. cincticeps.
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40. Fluoxetine Administered to Juvenile Monkeys: Effects on the Serotonin Transporter and Behavior [2014]
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Stal Saurav Shrestha, B.A., Eric E. Nelson, Ph.D., Jeih-San Liow, Ph.D., Robert Gladding, B.S., Chul Hyoung Lyoo, M.D., Ph.D., Pam L. Noble, M.S., Cheryl Morse, M.S., Ioline D. Henter, M.A., Jeremy Kruger, B.S., Bo Zhang, Ph.D., Stephen J. Suomi, Ph.D., Per Svenningsson, M.D., Ph.D., Victor W. Pike, Ph.D., James T. Winslow, Ph.D., Ellen Leibenluft, M.D., Daniel S. Pine, M.D., and Robert B. Innis, M.D., Ph.D.
- American Journal of Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Psychiatric Association. 171(3):323-331
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Stål, O., Bergman, J. E. S., Thidé, B., Daldorff, L. K. S., and Ingelman, G.
- Phys.Rev.Lett.98:071103,2007
- Subjects
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Astrophysics
- Abstract
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The Moon provides a huge effective detector volume for ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos, which generate coherent radio pulses in the lunar surface layer due to the Askaryan effect. In light of presently considered lunar missions, we propose radio measurements from a Moon-orbiting satellite. First systematic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the detectability of Askaryan pulses from neutrinos with energies above 10^{20} eV, i.e. near and above the interesting GZK limit, at the very low fluxes predicted in different scenarios.
Comment: RevTeX (4 pages, 2 figures). v2 includes updated results and extended discussion
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Vivas C, Luis E. and Astudillo, Dilcia
- Agronomía Tropical. October 2010 60(4):370-374
- Subjects
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AGRONOMY, Oryza sativa L., cereals, rice, pest, insect, alternate hostplants, Oebalus insularis Stal, Oryza sativa L, cereales, arroz, plaga, and planta hospedera
- Abstract
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Se realizaron estudios en campos de arroz, Oryza sativa L., con riego en parcelas del sistema de riego río Guárico y en la Estación Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas del estado Guárico (INIA-Guárico) entre los años 2003 y 2006. El objetivo fue determinar las plantas hospederas en el cultivo de arroz para la chinche vaneadora del arroz, Oebalus insularis Stal. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) en Calabozo estado Guárico. Once gramíneas fueron identificadas como hospederos alternos.
Studies, between 2003 - 2006 years, were conducted at irrigated growing areas of rice located Oryza sativa L. at river Guárico irrigation system and Guárico Experimental Station, of the National Agricultural Research Institute of Guárico State (INIA-Guárico) between 2003 and 2006. The objective was: Determine host plant in the cultivation of rice for the rice bug vaneadora, Oebalus insularis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Eleven Gramineae plants were identifed as alternate hosts.
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44. Influencia de la fecha de siembra en el cultivo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) en La Pampa [2020]
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Fernando Ramonda
- Semiárida, Vol 30, Iss 2 (2020)
- Subjects
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Agriculture (General), S1-972, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Cattle, and SF191-275
- Abstract
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En la región semiárida pampeana, son escasos los estudios con respecto a insectos que se encuentran en cártamo y muy pocos sobre la influencia de la fecha de siembra en los componentes de rendimiento de dicho cultivo. El objetivo fundamental del trabajo es identificar tanto las especies de insectos perjudiciales como así también las benéficas y tratar de establecer una época de siembra óptima donde lo que se busca es disminuir los días transcurridos entre la siembra, la germinación y emergencia, disminuyendo así las pérdidas de plantas por mayor exposición a enfermedades, insectos y animales herbívoros, sin comprometer los componentes del rendimiento por una época de siembra inadecuada. El estudio se realizó sobre 12 parcelas (cuatro por cada fecha de siembra). El relevamiento de insectos se realizó muestreando 25 plantas por parcela tomadas al azar con una periodicidad aproximada de una semana. De acuerdo al estudio realizado en la Región Semiárida Pampeana se encontraron 16 especies de insectos perjudiciales entre las cuales se encuentran 2 especies de áfidos, una de trips, 7 de hemípteros, 3 de lepidópteros y 3 de coleópteros. Por otro lado, se identificaron 8 especies benéficas entre las cuales 3 corresponden a Coccinélidos, 1 a Hemíptera, 2 a Hymeoptera y 1 a Araneae. Se identificaron las especies de áfidos Uroleucon jaceae (L.) y Capitophorus eleagni (del Guercio). Los hemípteros presentes fueron Athaumasthus haematicus (Stål), Dichelops furcatus (F.), Nezara viridula (L.), Nysius simulans Stål, Edessa meditabunda (F.), Piezodorus guildinii (W.) e individuos de la familia Cicadellidae. También se encontraron Frankliniella occidentalis P.; Helicoverpa zea B., Rachiplusia nu (G.); Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); Chauliognathus scriptus (Germ.); Pantomorus auripes H. y Epicauta adspersa K. Las especies de coccinélidos fueron las más abundantes entre las benéficas. Se observó Hippodamia convergens G., Harmonia axiridis (P.), Eriopis connexa G y Cycloneda sanguinea (L.). Estas especies se encontraron predando tanto adultos como ninfas de áfidos. Otros insectos benéficos identificados fueron Nabis sp, Ophion sp., Apis mellifera y especies del orden araneae. Con respecto a las posibles fechas de siembra en la región semiárida pampeana la fecha de mediados de agosto (15/08/2014) y mediados de septiembre (18/09/2014) son las de mayores rendimientos. Recomendándose la fecha de mediados de agosto debido a que fechas tardías hace más difícil un control adecuado de malezas debido a las condiciones de mayor temperatura y frecuentemente mayor nivel de precipitaciones. Director: Ferrero, Carlos José Co Director: Baudino, Estela Maris
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Akane Matsuo, Chul-Sa Kim, and Zhi-Hui Zhan
- Journal of Pesticide Science. 2016, 41(4):163
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Stickel, F, Buch, S, Zoller, H, Hultcrantz, R, Gallati, S, Osterreicher, C, Finkenstedt, A, Stadlmayr, A, Aigner, E, Sahinbegovic, E, Sarrazin, C, Schafmayer, C, Braun, F, Erhart, W, Nothnagel, M, Lerch, MM, Mayerle, J, Volzke, H, Schaller, A, Kratzer, W, Boehm, BO, Sipos, B, D'Amato, M, Torkvist, L, Stal, P, Arlt, A, Franke, A, Becker, T, Krawczak, M, Zwerina, J, Berg, T, Hinrichsen, H, Krones, E, Dejaco, C, Strasser, M, Datz, C, and Hampe, J
- Human molecular genetics. 23(14):3883-3890
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47. Fluoxetine administered to juvenile monkeys: effects on the serotonin transporter and behavior [2014]
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Shrestha, Stal Saurav, Nelson, Eric E., Liow, Jeih-San, Gladding, Robert, Lyoo, Chul Hyoung, Noble, Pam L., Morse, Cheryl, Henter, Ioline D., Kruger, Jeremy, Zhang, Bo, Suomi, Stephen J., Svenningsson, Per, Pike, Victor W., Winslow, James T., Leibenluft, Ellen, Pine, Daniel S., and Innis, Robert B.
- American Journal of Psychiatry. March, 2014, Vol. 171 Issue 3, p323, 9 p.
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EDGHILL, E. L, STALS, K, ORAM, R. A, SHEPHERD, M. H, HATTERSLEY, A. T, and ELLARD, S
- Diabetic medicine. 30(1):114-117
- Subjects
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Endocrinology, Endocrinologie, Nutrition, obesity, metabolic disorders, Nutrition, obésité, maladies métaboliques, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vertebres: anatomie et physiologie, organisme dans son ensemble ou etude de plusieurs organes ou systemes, Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems, Alimentation. Comportement alimentaire, Feeding. Feeding behavior, Vertebres: endocrinologie, Vertebrates: endocrinology, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Endocrinopathies, Pancréas endocrine. Cellules apud (pathologie), Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases), Diabète. Anomalie tolérance glucose, Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance, Etiopathogénie. Dépistage. Explorations. Résistance tissu cible, Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance, Endocrinopathie, Endocrinopathy, Endocrinopatía, Maladie héréditaire, Genetic disease, Enfermedad hereditaria, Pathologie de l'appareil urinaire, Urinary system disease, Aparato urinario patología, Trouble de la nutrition, Nutrition disorder, Trastorno nutricíon, Diabète MODY, Maturity onset diabetes young, Diabetes MODY, Délétion, Deletion, Deleción, Endocrinologie, Endocrinology, Endocrinología, Etat nutritionnel, Nutritional status, Estado nutricional, Homme, Human, Hombre, Malade, Patient, Enfermo, Maladie métabolique, Metabolic diseases, Metabolismo patología, Nutrition, Nutrición, Néphropathie, Nephropathy, Nefropatía, Obésité, Obesity, Obesidad, Pathologie du rein, Kidney disease, and Riñón patología
- Abstract
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Aims Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B) mutations cause a syndrome of renal cysts and diabetes, with whole gene deletions accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The severity of the renal phenotype is variable, from enlarged cystic kidneys incompatible with life to normal renal development and function. We investigated the prevalence of HNF1B deletions in patients with diabetes but no known renal disease. Methods We tested 461 patients with familial diabetes diagnosed before 45 years, including 258 probands who met clinical criteria for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (two generations affected and at least one family member diagnosed under 25 years). A fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyse two intragenic polymorphic HNF1B markers and identify heterozygous patients who therefore did not have whole gene deletions. Those patients homozygous for both markers were then tested for an HNF1B deletion using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results Heterozygous HNF1B intragenic polymorphisms were identified in 337/461 subjects. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis showed an HNF1B gene deletion in three of the remaining 124 probands, all of whom met the criteria for maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Testing of their relatives identified three additional deletion carriers and ultrasound scanning showed renal developmental abnormalities in three of these six patients. Conclusions We estimate that HNF1B mutations account for < 1% of cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Although HNF1B mutations are a rare cause of diabetes in the absence of known renal disease, a genetic diagnosis of renal cysts and diabetes syndrome is important as it raises the possibility of subclinical renal disease and the 50% risk of renal cysts and diabetes syndrome in the patient's offspring.
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49. Sorption of EPS to Sediment Particles and the Effect on the Rheology of Sediment Slurries [2002]
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J. F. C. De Brouwer, G. K. Ruddy, T. E. R. Jones, and L. J. Stal
- Biogeochemistry. 61(1):57-71
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50. Dinitrogen Fixation in the World's Oceans [2002]
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Karl D., Michaels A., Bergman B., Capone D., Carpenter E., Letelier R., Lipschultz F., Paerl H., Sigman D., and Stal L.
- Biogeochemistry. 57/58:47-98
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