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Engineering and Technology, Materials Engineering, Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology, Teknik och teknologier, Materialteknik, Bearbetnings-, yt- och fogningsteknik, Electric connectors, Printed circuit boards, Cost-efficient, Customer expectation, Economic potentials, Electrical connectors, Research results, Surface technology, Technology readiness levels, Uncertainty and risks, Surface treatment, Natural Sciences, and Naturvetenskap

In the eyes of industrialists, scientists often exaggerate the economic potential of their findings. The industrialists know that developing a new technology to production is associated with uncertainty and risks. To elucidate the challenges faced by the surface treatment industry, this paper discusses aspects that should be considered when making innovation out of promising research results. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) metric for assessing maturity of a technology is discussed and exemplified. Additional risks of fluid character such as legislation, price of raw material and customer expectations are also discussed. Even though, the subject is of general relevance, the present discussion refers to surface technology and examples are given from copper plating of printed circuit boards, and durable and cost-efficient coatings on electrical connectors.

Engineering and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics, Teknik och teknologier, Maskinteknik, Produktionsteknik, arbetsvetenskap och ergonomi, Materials Engineering, Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology, Materialteknik, Bearbetnings-, yt- och fogningsteknik, finishing, Market trends, Scandinavia, supplier, surface technology, Nordic countries, Production quality, Surface finishing, Surface finishing industry, Surface treatment, Natural Sciences, and Naturvetenskap

Backshoring of production to Western Europe has become an increasingly important trend after decades of offshoring. The subject is introduced by a general discussion followed by a specific analysis of the Nordic surface finishing industry. The main finding is that production quality is the main driver for backshoring of surface finishing.

Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Sciences de la terre, Earth sciences, Minéralogie, Mineralogy, Silicates, Phyllosilicate, sheet silicates, Filosilicato, Roche métaignée, metaigneous rocks, Roca metaígnea, Roche métamorphique, metamorphic rocks, Roca metamórfica, Serpentine, serpentine, Serpentina, Silicate, silicates, Silicato, Acide carbonique, Carbonic acid, Carbónico ácido, Acide chlorhydrique, hydrochloric acid, Acide minéral, inorganic acids, Acido inorgánico, Acide organique, organic acids, Acido orgánico, Acide oxalique, Oxalic acid, Oxálico ácido, Altération matériau, Material weathering, Alteración materiales, Amiante, asbestos, Amianto, Charge superficielle, Surface charge, Carga superficial, Chimie surface, Surface chemistry, Chrysotile, chrysotile, Crisotilo, Composition surface, Surface composition, Diacide carboxylique, Dicarboxylic acid, Diácido carboxílico, Diffraction RX, X-ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Microscopie électronique balayage, scanning electron microscopy, Microscopie émission champ, Field emission microscopy, Microscopía emisión campo, Morphologie, morphology, Morfología, Propriété surface, surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Serpentinite, serpentinite, Serpentinidad, Spectrométrie SIMS, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Espectrometría SIMS, Spectrométrie masse ICP, ICP mass spectroscopy, Spectrométrie masse temps vol, Time of flight mass spectroscopy, Structure surface, Surface structure, Estructura superficie, Sédiment, sediments, Sedimento, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Imagerie spectrométrie masse, Imaging mass spectrometry, Matière en suspension, Suspended materials, Sólidos suspendidos, Serpentinitic sediments, electron microscopy, surface chemistry, surface composition, and weathering

Chrysotile asbestos is considered an environmental health hazard. It is postulated that the surface of chrysotile, with its inherent positive charge and chemical content of trace transition metals within the mineral is a causative factor of the concern. Weathering may reduce the negative health effects of chrysotile asbestos, by alteration of the outer brucite layer of the chrysotile. To assess the changes in the surface properties of chrysotile asbestos by simulated weathering, chrysotile was treated with oxalic, hydrochloric, and carbonic acids. Naturally occurring chrysotile, from a mine site and serpentinitic stream sediments from the Sumas River were analyzed and compared. Oxalic acid, a chelating acid, was the most effective at extracting the majority of the trace elements present in the chrysotile, reducing their positive surface charge and producing visible changes at the surface of the fibers as shown by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microsopy (FESEM). Carbonic acid had little effect on the surface properties. Stream environments had minor detectable effects on the surface properties on the chrysotile stream sediments.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Aluminium Hydroxyde, Aluminium Hydroxides, Aluminio Hidróxido, Caoutchouc nitrile, Nitrile rubber, Caucho nitrilo, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydroxyde double lamellaire, Layered double hydroxide, Hidróxido doble laminar, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Peroxyde organique, Organic peroxide, Peróxido orgánico, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Soufre, Sulfur, Azufre, Stéarate, Stearate, Estearato, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vulcanisat, Vulcanizate, Vulcanizado, Vulcanisation, Vulcanization, Vulcanización, Zinc Hydroxyde, Zinc Hydroxides, Zinc Hidróxido, Sulfur vulcanization, and Zinc oxide

The aim of this investigation is to highlight the potentials of layered double hydroxides (LDH) and to serve as a replacement for zinc oxide and stearic acid from the basic rubber formulation. This will eventually result in about a 10× significant reduction of Zn2+ ion concentration in the final compound. The unique advantage of stearate ion-modified LDH is the delivery of zinc ions to accelerate and stearate ions to activate the vulcanization process. Furthermore, it can also reinforce the rubber matrix by virtue of its layered structure as nanofiller.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Argile, Clay, Arcilla, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Extrusion, Extrusión, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propriété dynamomécanique, Dynamic mechanical properties, Propiedad dinamomecánica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Silice, Silica, Sílice, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Fibre curaua, Halloysite, Propène choc polymère, Heterophasic polypropylene, and High-impact polypropylene copolymer

The objective of this work was to prepare composites based on high-impact polypropylene with different functionalized fillers in a mini-extruder, promoting the reaction of the filler surface with the polymer matrix. We evaluated the effect of these fillers on the mechanical and morphological properties of the materials by dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and by measuring the amount of hexane extractable after processing. The adhesion between the fillers and hiPP was improved. Moreover, the addition of fillers increased the degradation temperature of hiPP. There was an increase of stiffness and damping factor for samples containing halloysite and curaua fibers.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Conductivité électrique, Electrical conductivity, Conductividad eléctrica, Constante diélectrique, Permittivity, Constante dieléctrica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fonctionnalisation, Functionalization, Funciónalización, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube multifeuillets, Multiwalled nanotube, Polymérisation radicalaire, Free radical polymerization, Polimerización radicalar, Polymérisation émulsion, Emulsion polymerization, Polimerización emulsión, Propriété diélectrique, Dielectric properties, Propiedad dieléctrica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété électrique, Electrical properties, Propiedad eléctrica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Solubilité, Solubility, Solubilidad, Température transition vitreuse, Glass transition temperature, Temperatura transición vítrosa, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Triazole dérivé polymère, Triazole derivative polymer, Triazol derivado polímero, Vinylique dérivé polymère, Polyvinyl derivative, Vinílico derivado polímero, 1,2,4-Triazole(1-vinyl) polymère, Nanotube carbone fonctionnalisé, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole), Polymeric nanocomposites, and Surface properties

The chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVTri) composites were prepared via in situ emulsion polymerization. The morphological and structural properties of the surface-modified MWCNT and the synthesized MWCNT/PVTri composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical properties of the composite material were analyzed by conductivity measurements. The thermal analysis and the Tg value of the polymer were determined by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The obtained novel MWCNT/PVTri composites exhibited excellent solubility and possessed a slightly higher glass transition temperature than that of the pure polymer.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acide stéarique, Stearic acid, Esteárico ácido, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Argile, Clay, Arcilla, Carbonate de calcium, Calcium carbonate, Calcio carbonato, Emballage matière plastique, Plastic bag packaging, Empaque material plástico, Ethylène basse densité polymère, Low density ethylene polymer, Etileno baja densidad polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Extrusion, Extrusión, Matériau barrière, Barrier material, Material barrera, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Perméabilité gaz, Gas permeability, Permeabilidad gas, Presse extrusion double vis, Double screw extruder, Prensa extrusión doble tornillo, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété transport, Transport properties, Propiedad transporte, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Low density polyethylene, Packaging, and X-ray

In order to examine the effect of the modified nanofiller on polyethylene matrix, Cloisite 20A is treated with various types of additives as calcium carbonate, silane, stearic acid and dibenzoyl peroxide. Polyethylene nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion on twin-screw extruder using differently modified nanofiller. The results of FTIR analysis show that disorder of nanofiller structure is obtained, i.e., the chemical bonding between the components is occurred. XRD analysis shows the shift of characteristic peaks of modified filler, which indicates the formation of delaminated and/or intercalated structures. The results of thermogravimetric analysis point to different mechanisms of degradation of polyethylene nanocomposites.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Ammonium Polyphosphate, Ammonium Polyphosphates, Amonio Polifosfato, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Ether cyclique polymère, Cyclic ether polymer, Eter cíclico polímero, Ethylène oxyde polymère, Ethylene oxide polymer, Etileno óxido polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Extrusion, Extrusión, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Lactique acide polymère, Lactic acid polymer, Láctico ácido polímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Mercerisation, Mercerization, Mercerización, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Moulage compression, Compression molding, Moldeo por compresión, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Perte mécanique, Mechanical loss, Pérdida mecánica, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Presse extrusion double vis, Double screw extruder, Prensa extrusión doble tornillo, Propriété dynamomécanique, Dynamic mechanical properties, Propiedad dinamomecánica, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Relation formulation propriété, Property formulation relationship, Relación formulación propiedad, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Viscoélasticité, Viscoelasticity, Viscoelasticidad, Biocomposite, Fibre kénaf, DMA, Kenaf fiber, PLA, and SEM

Kenaf-filled polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were prepared using dry blending, twin screw extrusion and compression molding. PLA was blended with raw and alkali treated kenaf, polyethylene glycol and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Dynamic mechanical properties of biocomposites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Storage modulus of composites decreased, while magnitude of damping peaks increased with increase in APP content. The Tg of composites shifted to lower values with APP addition. Alkali treatment improved interfacial adhesion between PLA and kenaf. SEM analysis indicates good dispersion of APP in PLA matrix, however interfacial adhesion between PLA and matrix decreased with increasing APP content.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Alumine, Alumina, Alúmina, Bismaléimide résine, Bismaleimide resin, Bismaleimida resina, Céramique oxyde, Oxide ceramics, Cerámica óxido, Dureté, Hardness, Dureza, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Effet structure, Structure effect, Efecto estructura, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Module élasticité, Elastic modulus, Módulo elasticidad, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanodureté, Nanohardness, Nanodureza, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Bismaleimides, Dynamic mechanical analysis, Interpenetrating network, and Toughened epoxy

The scope of the present work is to toughen the commercial epoxy resin using ether linked bismaleimide (e-BMI) with varying chain lengths C4 and C8. The C4 e-BMI toughened system proves to exhibit synergistic effect on both tensile and impact strengths. Hence the secondary objective of the work is to study the effect of nano alumina on C4 e-BMI toughened epoxy. To overcome the disadvantages generated by the loose nanoparticle agglomerates dispersed in polymer composite, the nanoparticles were functionalized using 3- Glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane (GPS). The nanoindentation behavior of the C4 e-BMI epoxy matrix filled with GPS alumina was studies using Nanoindentation. The strengthening of the matrix interaction by the means of covalent bonding and better dispersion of nanoparticles resulted in enhanced nanohardness and elastic modulus. The addition of GPS Al2O3 nanoparticles to 15wt.% C4 e-BMI/epoxy matrix increases the nanohardness and elastic modulus up to 5 wt.% of filler loading beyond which the hardness and elastic modulus decrease.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Cellulose éther, Cellulose ether, Celulosa éter, Cellulose(hydroxyéthyl), Cellulose(hydroxyethyl), Celulosa(hidroxietil), Chanvre, Hemp, Cáñamo, Dérivé de la cellulose, Cellulose derivatives, Celulosa derivado, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre lin, Flax fiber, Fibra lino, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Jute, Yute, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau fibre unidirectionnelle, Unidirectional fiber material, Material fibra unidireccional, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Module élasticité, Elastic modulus, Módulo elasticidad, Moulage injection, Injection molding, Moldeo por inyección, Moulage sous vide, Vacuum molding, Moldeo en vacío, Polymère insaturé, Unsaturated polymer, Polímero insaturado, Procédé fabrication, Manufacturing process, Procedimiento fabricación, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Infusion sous vide, Longueur fibre, Résistance cisaillement interlaminaire, Natural fibers, Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), Porosity, Thermosetting resin, and Yarns

This article evaluates the mechanical properties of vacuum-infused unidirectional plant fiber composites (PFRPs), composing of bast fiber yarns and thermoset matrices. PFRPs are found to have lower fiber volume fractions than E-glass composites (GFRPs). Apart from the expected (30-40%) lower density of PFRPs, they have 60-80% lower tensile strength, 30-60% lower tensile stiffness, 5-10 times lower impact strength, and 20-30% lower interlaminar shear strength than GFRPs. Importantly, critical fiber lengths are of the same order (0.2-0.5 mm). Composites reinforced with flax rovings exhibit exceptional fiber tensile modulus of 65-75 GPa and fiber tensile strength of about 800 MPa.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Aluminium Hydroxyde, Aluminium Hydroxides, Aluminio Hidróxido, Carboxylate, Carboxilato, Composé chiral, Chiral compound, Compuesto quiral, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydroxyde double lamellaire, Layered double hydroxide, Hidróxido doble laminar, Imide, Imida, Magnésium Hydroxyde, Magnesium Hydroxides, Magnesio Hidróxido, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Module élasticité, Elastic modulus, Módulo elasticidad, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vinylique alcool polymère, Polyvinylalcohol, Vinílico alcohol polímero, Isoleucine dérivé, Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Nanocomposites, Poly(vinyl alcohol), and Ultrasonic irradiation

Bionanocomposite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with Mg-AI LDHs were prepared with different compositions by solution-intercalation method. N,N' -(Pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-isoleucine diacid was synthesized and it was used for organo-modification of chiral MgAI-LDH in distilled water. Hybrid films of PVA and modified chiral LDH were prepared under ultrasonic irradiation technique. The effect of LDH contents on thermal, physicomechanical, and morphological properties of PVA films were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Mechanical data indicated improvement in the tensile strength and modulus with increasing of the LDH loading until 4%.

Energy, Énergie, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Chauffage laser, Laser heating, Calentamiento láser, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Matériau revêtu, Coated material, Material revestido, Beschichteter Werkstoff, Outil carbure, Carbide tool, Instrumento carburo, Karbidwerkzeug, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, and Waermeuebertragung

Laser repetitive pulse heating of tungsten carbide coating formed at a steel sheet surface is examined. Temperature field and melt pool formed in the coating and steel sheet are simulated for different coating thicknesses The influence of laser power intensity distribution on the melt pool formation is incorporated in the analysis through introducing the laser pulse parameter The control volume method is used to predict temperature field while the enthalpy―porosity method is incorporated to account for the phase change during the heating process. It is found that temperature predictions at the coating surface agree with the thermocouple data. The melt pool width formed in the coating is smaller than that corresponding to the steel sheet. Increasing coating thickness reduces the peak temperature at the surface. The Marangoni flow results in a toroid shape of rotating cells in the melt pool of the coating.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Constituants de formulation, Compounding ingredients, Ignifugeants, retardateurs de flamme et réducteurs de fumée, Fireproof agents, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Ethylène(tétrafluoro) polymère, Tetrafluoroethylene polymer, Etileno(tetrafluoro) polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fumée silice, Silica fume, Humo sílice, Indice fluidité, Melt index, Indice fluidez, Inflammabilité, Flammability, Inflamabilidad, Lactone polymère, Lactone polymer, Lactona polímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Montmorillonite, Montmorilonita, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Relation formulation propriété, Property formulation relationship, Relación formulación propiedad, Retardateur flamme, Flame retardant, Retardador llama, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Synergie, Synergism, Sinergia, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Zinc Borate, Zinc Borates, Zinc Borato, Additif antigoutte, Intumescence, Lactide polymère, Anti-dripping property, Intumescent flame retardant, Polylactide, and Synergist

The flame-retardant and anti-dripping properties of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) materials during the combustion process were improved using intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) and different synergists. Organophilic montmorillonite (OMT), zinc borate (ZB), fumed silica (FS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were chosen as the anti-dripping synergists for IFR in flame-retardant PLA. The flammability properties and thermal stability of PLA composites were investigated with UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow index (MFI), etc. It is found that OMT and ZB are the best anti-dripping synergists for IFR PLA. The anti-dripping mechanisms of all the additives are discussed.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Constituants de formulation, Compounding ingredients, Ignifugeants, retardateurs de flamme et réducteurs de fumée, Fireproof agents, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Ammonium Polyphosphate, Ammonium Polyphosphates, Amonio Polifosfato, Dimension particule, Particle size, Dimensión partícula, Ether polymère, Ether polymer, Eter polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Inflammabilité, Flammability, Inflamabilidad, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Mélamine, Melamine, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Pentaérythritol, Pentaerythritol, Pentaeritritol, Phénylène oxyde polymère, Phenylene oxide polymer, Fenileno óxido polímero, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Retardateur flamme, Flame retardant, Retardador llama, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Styrène polymère, Styrene polymer, Estireno polímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Intumescence, Char formation, Flame retardancy, Polystyrene, and Wet ball milling

Polyphenylene oxide and the intumescent flame retardant were used in combination to achieve the fire-retardancy of polystyrene. The IFR system is mainly composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine. To solve the problems existed in the ternary IFR system, such as hydrophilicity and heterogeneity in particle size and mixing, IFR powders were surface modified by silane coupling agent KH-550 via wet ball milling. The results showed that the combination of PPO and IFR could effectively enhance the thermal stability and improve the flame-retardant performance of composites, with the synergistic effect between them.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Amidoimide copolymère, Amidoimide copolymer, Amidoimida copolímero, Dérivé de l'aniline, Aniline derivatives, Anilina derivado, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Liquide ionique, Ionic liquid, Líquido iónico, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oxyde de zinc, Zinc oxide, Zinc óxido, Polycondensation solution, Solution polycondensation, Policondensación solución, Polymère optiquement actif, Optically active polymer, Polímero ópticamente activo, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Réaction sonochimique, Sonochemical reaction, Reacción sonoquímica, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Sulfone copolymère, Sulfone copolymer, Sulfona copolímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Leucine dérivé, Bionanocomposite, KH550, and ZnO nanoparticle

In this article, the surface of ZnO nanoparticles was modified with KH550 silane coupling agent (y-aminopropyltriethoxy silane). An optically active poly(amide-imide) (PAI) containing natural amino acid |(+) L-teucine| was synthesized by using ionic liquids in polycondensation of diacid (2-(1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid) and 4,4' -sulfonyldianiline. PAI was used as polymer matrix and then modified ZnO nanofillers were embedded into polymer matrix. PAI/ZnO bionanocamposites were prepared in different ratio (4, 8 and 12% W/W) via ultrasonic irradiation technique. The bionanocamposites were analyzed by various characterization methods. As all the results show, ZnO nanoparticles are successfully modified and are homogenously dispersed in the polymer matrix.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acrylamide dérivé copolymère, Acrylamide derivative copolymer, Acrilamida derivado copolímero, Agent surface cationique, Cationic surfactant, Agente superficie catiónico, Alcool copolymère, Alcohol copolymer, Alcohol copolímero, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Coefficient Poisson, Poisson ratio, Coeficiente Poisson, Composé de l'ammonium quaternaire, Quaternary ammonium compound, Amonio cuaternario compuesto, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Montmorillonite, Montmorilonita, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stabilité stockage, Storage stability, Estabilidad al almacenamiento, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vinylique acétate copolymère, Vinyl acetate copolymer, Vinílico acetato copolímero, Vinylique ester copolymère, Vinyl ester copolymer, Vinílico ester copolímero, Vinylique ester polymère, Vinyl ester polymer, Vinílico ester polímero, Viscosité apparente, Apparent viscosity, Viscosidad aparente, Acrylamide(N-hydroxyméthyl) copolymère, Nanocomposites, Particle, Rheology, and Structure

In this study, we introduced N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and an organic montmorillonite intercalated by an octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant together into the in situ polymerization of polyvinyl acetate to form exfoliated nanocomposites. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, power-law function equation, Newtonian fluid flow equation, Cross-Williamson model viscous equation, Hooke's law, and Poisson's ratio equation revealed the structures, dispersion, rheology, and static tensile properties. The exfoliated nanocomposites were pseudo-plastic non-Newtonian fluids, presented a good dispersion in water, a great storage stability, and a high static tensile strength at 6.78-8.06 MPa.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Méthacrylate de méthyle polymère, Methyl methacrylate polymer, Metacrilato de metilo polímero, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube multifeuillets, Multiwalled nanotube, Percolation, Percolación, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Propriété électrique, Electrical properties, Propiedad eléctrica, Résistivité électrique, Electric resistivity, Resistividad eléctrica, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Viscosité cisaillement, Shear viscosity, Viscosidad cizalla, Viscoélasticité, Viscoelasticity, Viscoelasticidad, Nanotube carbone fonctionnalisé, Viscosité complexe, Nanocomposites, PMMA, Percolation threshold, and Plasma functionalization

Plasma-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) are used to fabricate poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based nanocomposites with different p-MWCNTs loadings. First, MWCNTs are functionalized by He-dielectric barrier discharge plasma followed by an exposure to NH3 and then the PMMA/p-MWCNTs nanocomposites are prepared by a phase inversion-based solution method. The rheological and electrical properties of the PMMA/p-MWCNTs nanocomposites are measured. The results showed that the electrical and rheological percolation thresholds appear at a very low value of 0.5wt.% p-MWCNTs loading. This value is one of the lowest reported percolation thresholds for PMMA/MWCNTs nanocomposites, indicating excellent dispersion state of the p-MWCNTs in PMMA.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, ABS, Acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno copolímero, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Aptitude écoulement, Flowability, Fluidez, Argile, Clay, Arcilla, Carbonate polymère, Polycarbonate, Carbonato polímero, Compatibilisant, Compatibilizer, Compatibilizante, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Maléique anhydride copolymère, Maleic anhydride copolymer, Maleico anhídrido copolímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanofibre, Nanofiber, Nanofibra, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété technologique, Technological properties, Propiedad tecnológica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Styrène copolymère, Styrene copolymer, Estireno copolímero, Sépiolite, Sepiolite, Sepiolita, Température transition vitreuse, Glass transition temperature, Temperatura transición vítrosa, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Compatibilization, Morphologies, Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), and Sepiolite nanofibers

We prepare polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) composites which are reinforced with sepiolite nanofibers and use a polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymer for improving polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) compatibility. By measuring glass transition temperatures and morphologies, we conclude that the copolymer effectively improves the compatibility. Further, polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) composites containing various amounts of sepiolite are prepared. It is found that the surface-modified sepiolite nanofibers are well-dispersed in the polymer matrix, and the mechanical properties and heat resistance are increased with the sepiolite contents increasing. The influences of sepiolite nanofibers on the melt flowability are also investigated. With these results, the composite with the optimum properties is provided.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Monomère, Monomer, Monómero, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Bio-based epoxies, Epoxy polymers, Nanofillers, and Natural fibers

This article is designed to review the developments in synthesis, modifications, and properties of epoxy monomers derived from both petroleum and renewable resources. It begins with the enhancement in epoxy monomer properties such as mechanical, thermal, adhesive, barrier, etc. by addition of flexible polymer and elastomers. It also explains the role of organic/inorganic fillers on epoxy monomers to achieve the desired properties for outdoor applications. The effects of chemical/physical treatments on fiber are reviewed and their improvements with epoxy monomers are also observed. The authors also suggest for further improvement of epoxy monomers to obtain various eco-friendly high-performance applications.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Absorption eau, Water absorption, Absorción agua, Biodégradabilité, Biodegradability, Biodegradabilidad, Chitosane, Chitosan, Quitosano, Dégradation biologique, Biodegradation, Degradación biológica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau recyclé, Recycled material, Material reciclado, Module Young, Young modulus, Módulo Young, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube multifeuillets, Multiwalled nanotube, Oside polymère, Oside polymer, Osido polímero, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Propriété biologique, Biological properties, Propiedad biológica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Nanotube carbone fonctionnalisé, Nanotube carbone recyclé, Biodegradable, and Nanocomposites

The mechanical properties, water absorption, biodegradation, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) recovery and reusability of chitosan/oxidized MWCNTs nanocomposites were investigated. The highest Young's modulus (E) was obtained by the nanocomposites with 0.1 wt.% MWCNTs, while further increase of MWCNTs loading decreases the tensile strength (TS) and E. The water absorption and degradation rate of the nanocomposites were decreased by the loading of MWCNTs; 89.7% of MWCNTs were recovered by physical base separation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile test results showed that the recovered MWCNTs displayed properties similar to the oxidized MWCNTs, suggesting the possibility of reuse and recycle.