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Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Nettoyage. Dégraissage. Décapage, Cleaning. Degreasing. Pickling, Acier, Steel, Acero, Calamine, Oxide scale, Calamina, Zunder, Chlorique acide, Chloric acid, Clórico ácido, Corrosion acide, Acid corrosion, Corrosión ácido, Saeurekorrosion, Décapage, Pickling, Decapado, Beizen, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Inhibiteur corrosion, Corrosion inhibitor, Inhibidor corrosión, Korrosionsinhibitor, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Nettoyage surface, Surface cleaning, Limpieza superficie, Oberflaechenreinigen, Passivation, Pasivación, Passivierung, Produit corrosion, Corrosion product, Producto corrosión, Korrosionsprodukt, Prétraitement, Pretreatment, Pretratamiento, Sulfurique acide, Sulfuric acid, Sulfúrico ácido, Schwefelsaeure, Tabac, Tobacco, Tabaco, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Two tobacco extracts were tested and found to be effective inhibitors for 1008 steel (UNS G1008) in 10% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 4% hydrochloric acid (HCl), The precise inhibition mechanism is yet to be determined, but it appears to involve polarization of the cathodic reaction and passivation of the metal surface. Tobacco extracts are environmentally bening and come from a renewable source.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Aspect économique, Economic aspect, Aspecto económico, Enquête, Survey, Encuesta, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Spécification, Specification, Especificación, Spezifikation, Technologie, Technology, Tecnología, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

An assessment survey is the first step in implementing a coating maintenance program. Walk-through, mid-level, and detailed surveys may next he done depending on the desired outcome. Coating specifications then are prepared They need to delineate what the owner expects. what the contractor provides, and which materials are used the life-cycle costs of a coating program should he calculated so that comparisons can be made among various programs and time frames.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Amide polymère, Nylon, Amida polímero, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Dépôt peinture, Painting, Depósito pintura, Anstreichen, Epoxyde, Epoxide, Epóxido, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Uréthane, Urethane, and Uretano

This article covers the evolution of coatings. It shows how maanulacturers developed new formalations to meet increasing demands hrought about by new environmental conditions and regulations. Prevalent coating types are disctissed. Two subsequent parts to this article will cover surveys, specilications, economics, and future technology, The articles provide a basic understanding and tecognition of the technologies, services, and trands in the coatings field.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Bateau, Boat, Buque, Construction navale, Shipbuilding, Construcción naval, Schiffbau, Dépôt peinture, Painting, Depósito pintura, Anstreichen, Peinture aux résines, Resinous paint, Pintura resina, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Résine, Resins, Resina, Harz, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Physicochimie des processus métallurgiques, Metallurgical fundamentals, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Etat surface, Surface conditions, Estado superficie, Oberflaechenzustand, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Profil profondeur, Depth profile, Perfil profundidad, Tiefenprofil, Profilométrie, Profilometry, Perfilometría, Profilometrie, Préparation surface, Surface preparation, Preparación superficie, Oberflaechenvorbereitung, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Rugosité, Roughness, Rugosidad, Rauhigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Surface profile is the average peak-to-valley depth that is created during surface preparation. The profile is generated by abrasive blasting or by some power tool methods. Coatings may not bond to an inadequate surface profile, and excessive profile may cause peaks to protrude through the coating. Measurement of surface profile is therefore essential to ensure a good coating job. This article gives step-by-step procedures for using the three methods of measuring surface profile described in ASTM D4417.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Protection contre la corrosion, Corrosion prevention, Acier galvanisé, Galvanized steel, Acero galvanizado, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Corrosion marine, Marine corrosion, Corrosión marina, Ouvrage en mer, Offshore structure, Estructura plataforma sondeo marítimo, Meereskonstruktion, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement protecteur, Protective coatings, Revestimiento protector, Schutzueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Zinc, Zink, pH, and pH Wert

Hot-dip galvanizing is a common and cost-effective way to protect steel in marine environments. This article explains the protective mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel and presents several examples of its use in marine facilities. Among these are a bridge, an oil terminal, and dam and marina facilities. It also discusses limitations of galvanized structures and the factors that affect performance.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Durabilité, Durability, Durabilidad, Dépôt peinture, Painting, Depósito pintura, Anstreichen, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Revêtement brillant, Bright coatings, Revestimiento brillante, Glanzueberzug, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Siloxane polymère, Siloxane polymer, Siloxano polímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Bactérie, Bacteria, Barge, Embarcación, Corrosion biochimique, Bacterial corrosion, Corrosión bioquímica, Biologische Korrosion, Métabolisme, Metabolism, Metabolismo, Piqûre corrosion, Pinhole, Picadura corrosión, Randblase, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

The owner of a fleet of double-hulled barges recently reported finding corrosion in the void spaces of the vessele hulls, possibly signifying microbiologically inllueneed corrosion. Of primary interest to the investigators was to identify any microorganisms present, determine if the microbes could metabolize the was coating used for corrosion protection, and find the source of the microbes. Using standard microbiology and analytical chemistry methods, they recovered organisms that were environmental in origin and did not metabolize the wax paint coating as a nutrient source.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Epoxyde, Epoxide, Epóxido, Essai immersion, Immersion test, Ensayo inmersión, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Méthode électrochimique, Electrochemical method, Método electroquímico, Revêtement protecteur, Protective coatings, Revestimiento protector, Schutzueberzug, Spectrométrie, Spectrometry, Espectrometría, Spektrometrie, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

This articvles describes an innovative test program using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate two high-hild epoxy linings for rapid water immersion. The performarice of a two-coat application of a low-temparature-cure 80% volume solids modified phenalkamine epoxy was compared with a one-coat application of a 100% volume solids polyamide epoxy. Each system was immersed in distilled and deîonized Water after only a 24- to 48- h curing time.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Protection contre la corrosion, Corrosion prevention, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Atmosphère marine, Marine atmosphere, Atmósfera marina, Meeresatmosphaere, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Pont acier, Steel bridge, Puente metálico, Stahlbruecke, Protection cathodique, Cathodic protection, Protección catódica, Kathodischer Schutz, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

For the past 20 years, ensuring that structures can survive natural phenoma as well as everyday wear and tear has received greater emphasis. The estimated cost of achieving this two-tiered goal is nearing $200 billion a year in the U.S. alone. New materials and technology have caused the cost of construction and manufacturing to increase steadily. This article covers a seismic retrofit project that includes various corrosion control measures, including a special coating for steel exposed to sea air, the preservation of concrete in a saltwater environment, and the protection of concrete and steel exposed to subsea sediment.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Epoxyde, Epoxide, Epóxido, Perspective, Perspectiva, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Technologie, Technology, Tecnología, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Uréthane, Urethane, and Uretano

This article covers new and emerging coating technologies. It discusses powder coatings, waterborne technology, phenalkamine epoxy, mannich-base epoxy, 100% volume epoxy, and 100% spray polyurethanes and polyureas. Proper selection and application of these coatings also are discussed. The first two installments of this three-article series covered coatings in terms of their evolution, formulation, types, economics, surveys, and specifications.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Certification, Certificación, Zertifikat, Dépôt peinture, Painting, Depósito pintura, Anstreichen, Formation professionnelle, Occupational training, Formación profesional, Berufsausbildung, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

This article discusses some initiatives that have led to the development of training and certification programs in the protective coatings industry. This article suggests that such development is highly desirable, arguing that a more coordinated response is beneficial. It outlines a suggested coordinated certification program.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Physicochimie des processus métallurgiques, Metallurgical fundamentals, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Eau, Water, Agua, Wasser, Méthode essai, Test method, Método ensayo, Normalisation, Standardization, Normalización, Normung, Qualité eau, Water quality, Calidad agua, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Anything that comes into contact with a surface to be coated must be scrutinized. Abrasives, detergents, and solvents have a major impact on surface residue deposition. This article provides information on wash water quality, establishes levels of wash water quality, provides methods for testing and the interpretation of results, and discusses the inclusion of wash water quality in specifications.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Protection contre la corrosion, Corrosion prevention, Chauffe eau, Water heater, Calentador agua, Warmwasserbereiter, Corrosion eau, Water corrosion, Corrosión agua, Wasserkorrosion, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Protection cathodique, Cathodic protection, Protección catódica, Kathodischer Schutz, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement céramique, Ceramic coating, Revestimiento cerámico, Keramikbeschichten, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

This study considers a porcelain-enameled water heater tank. Protective current was calculated from coating efficiency and circuit resistances. The current required for cathodic protection (CP) of an actual tank was determined in various waters. The potential distribution was measured. Good correlation occurred between tests on small specimens and actual tanks. There was good agreement between open-top and closed-top tanks. Anode resistance was lower than the structure resistance and was comparable to electrolyte resistance. Water heater CP is complex and needs careful design to achieve optimum results.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Essais de corrosion, Corrosion tests, Alliage base aluminium, Aluminium base alloys, Aluminium, Aluminio, Anodisation, Anodizing, Anodización, Elektrolytisches Oxidieren, Essai corrosion, Corrosion test, Ensayo corrosión, Korrosionsversuch, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

This article discusses a corrosion testing program that evaluated the corrosion resistance of anodized/oxygen-stabilized films on aluminum substrates. In certain acids, an integral-color type oxide layer forms, which has superior corrosion resistance. This evaluation used the Kape test and the potential decay test in natural immersion. Electron microscopy identified the attack pattern and a corrosion-resistance ranking was assigned to various surfaces. The study also established a cross-reference to correlate the rankings with various atmospheric environments.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Peinture plomb, Lead paint, Pintura plomo, Peinture, Paint, Pintura, Anstrich, Pont acier, Steel bridge, Puente metálico, Stahlbruecke, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

This article outlines some of the more popular types of coatings employed in overcoating bridges having existing lead-based paints. It highlights the pertermance of faur different coating types. The importance of coating adhesion, barrier properties, wetting, and penetration is surveyed as well as coating stresses in light of film thickness, chemistry, and weather-related phenomena.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Autres traitements de surface, Other surface treatments, Essai au feu, Fire test, Prueba al fuego, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Méthode essai, Test method, Método ensayo, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Optimierung, Revêtement protecteur, Protective coatings, Revestimiento protector, Schutzueberzug, Résistance thermique, Thermal resistance, Resistencia térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Couche protectrice, and Protection corrosion

This article proposes a method to optimize fire tests of protective coatings. This method is based on two principal concepts: 1) fire in coating tests is replaced with corresponding damaging factors, and 2) actual coated structures and elements are replaced with coated samples. Examples of fire tests of silica-based coatings applied to wood, steel, and concrete are given. The proposed method reportedly reduces expenses and allows application of experimental results to similar situations.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Dépôt métal, Metal deposition, Deposición metal, Metallbeschichten, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Inspection, Inspección, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Zingage immersion, Hot dip galvanizing, Galvanización con cinc sumergido, and Feuerverzinken

As a final step in hot-dip galvanizing, the galvanized coating must be inspected for compliance with specifications. Interpreting inspection results requires a clear understanding of the various conditions that may be encountered during galvanizing and their effects on coating quality. ASTM International and ISO have specifications that contain the minimum requirements for hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel articles. Coating inspections usually involve two elements - thickness measurements and visual surface inspection. Correct measurement techniques and accurate interpretation are necessary to provide an acceptable HDG coating.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Acier, Steel, Acero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement intérieur, Lining, Revestimiento interior, Auskleidung, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Verre, Glass, Vidrio, and Glas

Glass-lined steel (GLS) combines the corrosion resistance of glass with the strength of steel to serve a wide variety of applications. The glass lining is brittle, thereby making it subject to premature failure and damage. This article focuses on procurement specilications and inspection during manufacturing and discusses the glass-manufacturing process. In addition, it provides guidance on using this knowledge to ensure the quality and extend the life of GLS.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Protection contre la corrosion, Corrosion prevention, Corrosion marine, Marine corrosion, Corrosión marina, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Essai corrosion, Corrosion test, Ensayo corrosión, Korrosionsversuch, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Vitesse corrosion, Corrosion rate, Velocidad corrosión, and Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit

The corrosion rate in the splash zone of marine piles is severe. Coatings for application in situ must provide protection even when applied to contaminated or immersed surfaces. Petrolatum tapes have been successfully used for this application for 30 years. Developments of this type of coating have been evaluated by laboratory tests and case histories. They confirm that petrolatum tape systems with suitable outer coverings maintain long-term corrosion protection of splash zones and are unaffected by sulfate-reducing bacteria.