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Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Céréale, Cereal, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Gramineae, Hormone juvénile analogue, Juvenile hormone analogue, Hormona juvenil análogo, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Monocotyledones, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Plante céréalière, Cereal crop, Planta cerealista, Spermatophyta, Tenebrionidae, Blé, Wheat, Trigo, Bois, Wood, Madera, Béton, Concrete, Hormigón, Larve, Larva, Méthoprène, Methoprene, Metopreno, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, Triticum aestivum, concrete, methoprene, residual efficacy, surface treatment, and varnished wood

The residual efficacy of the juvenile hormone analog methoprene (Diacon II) was evaluated in bioassays using larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exposed on unsealed concrete or varnished wood treated with a liquid formulation and held at different temperatures. When these two types of surfaces were stored at 20, 30 or 35°C for 0-24 wk, the percentage of adult emergence on concrete increased with time. In contrast, there was no adult emergence from larvae exposed to varnished wood at 24 wk after treatment at any of these temperatures. The presence of flour reduced residual efficacy of methoprene on concrete, but not on varnished wood, with no differences between cleaning frequencies. Methoprene was also stable for 48 h on concrete held at 65°C and wheat, Tritium aestivum L., held at 46°C. Results show that methoprene is stable at a range of temperatures commonly encountered in indoor food storage facilities and at high temperatures attained during insecticidal heat treatments of structures. The residual persistence of methoprene applied to different surface substrates may be affected more by the substrate than by temperature.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Arthropoda, Dérivé de la pyridine, Pyridine derivatives, Piridina derivado, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Béton, Concrete, Hormigón, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Psocoptera, Régulateur croissance insecte, Insect growth regulator, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Phényle éther dérivé, Pyriproxyfen, Liposcelis, insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, and surface treatment

The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was evaluated as a surface treatment for control of three stored-product psocid pests Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), and Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Nymphs were exposed for 35 d on a concrete surface treated with 2.3 mg of active ingredient/m2 pyriproxyfen. Exposure to pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the numbers of both adults and nymphs in comparison with untreated controls. In adults, the greatest reduction (>90%) was for L. decolor and L. bostrychophila, whereas for L. paeta it was 49%. Few adults of any species were found in the pyriproxyfen treatments. The greatest numbers of nymphs were recorded for L. bostrychophila for both pyriproxyfen treatments and controls. Few adults of any species were found in the pyriproxyfen treatments. The results indicate that pyriproxyfen is effective for control of L. bostrychophila, L. decolor, and L. paeta on concrete, and although complete control was not achieved, the results warrant further long-term study to determine whether pyriproxyfen can completely eliminate psocid populations over time.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Arthropoda, Hormone juvénile analogue, Juvenile hormone analogue, Hormona juvenil análogo, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Lepidoptera, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Pyralidae, Dynamique population, Population dynamics, Dinámica población, Mortalité, Mortality, Mortalidad, Oeuf, Egg, Huevo, Plodia interpunctella, Régulateur croissance insecte, Insect growth regulator, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Hydroprene, insect growth regulator, population dynamics, and surface treatment

Eggs of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were exposed to the labeled rate of hydroprene (1.9 X 10-3 mg [AI] /cm2) sprayed on concreted petri dishes. These eggs were exposed for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h and until hatching (continuous exposure) at temperatures of 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C and 57% RH until the emergence of first instars. The developmental time and egg mortality were significantly influenced by temperature and exposure periods. At 16°C, hydroprene did not cause differences in developmental time when eggs were exposed for different periods. At temperatures >16°C, both exposure period and temperature influenced developmental time. The maximum developmental time (15.0 ± 0.2 d) occurred at 16°C, and the minimum developmental time (3.2 ± 0.3 d) occurred at 32°C. Mortality increased when eggs were exposed to hydroprene for longer periods at all of the five tested temperatures. The greatest mortality (81.6 ± 2.1%) occurred when eggs were continuously exposed on treated surfaces at 32°C. We used developmental time instead of rate (I/developmental time) to fit simple linear or polynomial regression models to the development data. Appropriate models for developmental time and mortality were chosen based upon lack-of-fit tests. The regression models can be used in predictive simulation models for the population dynamics of Indianmeal moth to aid in optimizing use of hydroprene for insect management.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Insecta, Invertebrata, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Tenebrionidae, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Farine, Flour, Harina, Humidité relative, Relative humidity, Humedad relativa, Insecticide, Insecticida, Lutte physique, Physical control, Lucha física, Poudre, Powder, Polvo, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, and Terre diatomées

Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum (DuVal), were exposed for 8-72 h to diatomaceous earth (Protect-It) at 22, 27, and 32°C and 40, 57, and 75% RH (9 combinations). Insects were exposed to the diatomaceous earth at 0.5 mg/cm2 on filter paper inside plastic petri dishes. After exposure, beetles were held for 1 wk without food at the same conditions at which they were exposed. Mortality of both species after initial exposure was lowest at 22°C but increased as temperature and exposure interval increased, and within each temperature decreased as humidity increased. With 2 exceptions, all confused flour beetles were still alive after they were exposed at 22°C, 57 and 75% RH. Mortality of both species after they were held for 1 wk was greater than initial mortality for nearly all exposure intervals at each temperature-humidity combination, indicating delayed toxic effects from exposure to diatomaceous earth. For both species, the relationship between mortality and exposure interval for initial and 1-wk mortality was described by linear, nonlinear, quadratic, and sigmoidal regression. Mortality of confused flour beetles was lower than mortality of red flour beetles exposed for the same time intervals for 46.7% of the total comparisons at the various temperature-relative humidity combinations.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Insecta, Invertebrata, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Pyréthrinoïde, Pyrethroids, Piretrinoide, Tenebrionidae, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Insecticide, Insecticida, Lutte chimique, Chemical control, Lucha química, Poudre, Powder, Polvo, Résidu, Residue, Resíduo, Survie, Survival, Sobrevivencia, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, and Cyfluthrin

Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were exposed for 0.5, 1, and 2 h at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C on concrete treated with 100 mg/m2 20% (AI) cyfluthrin wettable powder (WP) at biweekly intervals for 8 wk. Knockdown typically averaged 80-100% at all exposure intervals and temperatures until week 8, with no significant differences among temperatures. Although the overall F-test indicated a significant difference in survival among the 3 exposure intervals, the only significant difference detected was at week 4. After week 0, beetles exposed at 25. 30, and 35°C began to recover from knockdown, and by week 6 survival was at least 90%, with 1 exception. Survival of beetles exposed at 20°C was 0.0 and 7.5% for weeks 0 and 2, and <30% for weeks 4, 6, and 8. Beetles were able to tolerate exposure to cyfluthrin WP at successively lower temperatures as residues aged on the concrete.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Productions animales, Animal productions, Productions animales terrestres, Terrestrial animal productions, Généralités, General aspects, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Tenebrionidae, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Farine, Flour, Harina, Insecticide, Insecticida, Lutte chimique, Chemical control, Lucha química, Pyréthrinoïde, Pyrethroids, Piretrinoide, Résidu, Residue, Resíduo, Survie, Survival, Sobrevivencia, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, and Cyfluthrin

Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were exposed for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h on concrete treated with 20% cyfluthrin wettable powder at rates of 100, 150, and 200 mg (20, 30, and 40 mg [AI]/m2). Beetle recovery was assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 168 h postexposure, and residual bioassays were conducted at 3-wk intervals for 24 wk after treatment. At the low application rate of 100 mg/m2, initial knockdown after exposure increased as the exposure interval increased, but by week 18, 60-80% of the beetles had recovered and were mobile after 168 h postexposure. As the application rate increased to 150 and 200 mg/m2, initial knockdown increased as the exposure interval increased, and survival decreased after 168 h postexposure. The percentage of beetles that remained mobile after they were exposed on the treated concrete was usually correlated with the percentage that were active at 168 h postexposure. Of the 48 possible concentration-exposure-recovery combinations, 4 were described by nonlinear regression, 33 were described by linear regression, and regressions on week were not significant for the remaining 11 combinations (P ≥ 0.05). The period during which survival was <10% was 3.7-10.5 times longer for beetles exposed to the maximum label rate of 200 mg/m2 compared with the minimum label rate of 100 mg/m2.