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Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Animaux, Animals, Protozoa. Invertebrata, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Spermatophyta, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Développement, Development, Desarrollo, Etude en laboratoire, Laboratory study, Estudio en laboratorio, Fécondité, Fecundity, Fecundidad, Lens culinaris, Longévité, Longevity, Longevidad, Pentatomidae, Pisum sativum, Plante hôte, Host plant, Planta huesped, Plante légumière, Vegetable crop, Planta leguminosa, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Reproduction, Reproducción, and Thyanta pallidovirens

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Génétique et amélioration des plantes d'intérêt économique, Genetics and breeding of economic plants, Sélection variétale. Amélioration spéciale, objectifs d'amélioration, Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims, Résistance aux organismes nuisibles, Pest resistance, Déprédateurs, Pest animals, Africa, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Spermatophyta, Afrique, Coreidae, Criblage, Screening, Cernido, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Etude en laboratoire, Laboratory study, Estudio en laboratorio, Etude en serre, Greenhouse study, Estudio en invernadero, Etude sur terrain, Field study, Estudio en campo, Lignée sélection, Breeding line, Línea selección, Méthode, Method, Método, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Nigéria, Nigeria, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Plante légumière, Vegetable crop, Planta leguminosa, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Résistance insecte, Insect resistance, Resistencia insecto, Sensibilité résistance, Sensitivity resistance, Sensibilidad resistencia, Vigna unguiculata, Pest resistance, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, and Résistance déprédateur

Description des procédures de criblage destinées à tester la résistance de nouvelles accessions de niébé, et qui peuvent être appliquées pour le criblage rapide de germoplasmes et la séparation des lignées de sélection.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Ecotoxicologie, effets biologiques de la pollution, Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution, Action de la pollution et effets secondaires des pesticides sur les protozoaires et les invertébrés, Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Généralités, Generalities, Lutte, Control, Angiospermae, Arachnida, Arthropoda, Gramineae, Insecta, Invertebrata, Monocotyledones, Spermatophyta, Acephate, Araneida, Carbophenothion, Cypermethrine, Cyrthorhinus lividipennis, Delphacidae, Deltamethrine, Dose létale 50, Lethal dose 50, Dosis letal 50, Déprédateur, Pest, Effet secondaire, Secondary effect, Efecto secundario, Endosulfan, Entomophage, Entomophagous, Entomofago, Ethylan, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Insecticide, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Microvelia atrolineata, Nilaparvata lugens, Oryza sativa, Osbac, Plante céréalière, Cereal crop, Prédateur, Predator, Predador, Toxicité, Toxicity, and Toxicidad

Entomology, Entomologie, Tropical medicine, Médecine tropicale, Parasitology, Parasitologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Vecteurs. Hôtes intermédaires, Vectors. Intermediate hosts, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pathologie infectieuse, Infectious diseases, Parasitoses, Parasitic diseases, Protozooses, Protozoal diseases, Protozooses humaines, Human protozoal diseases, Trypanosomiase, Trypanosomiasis, Arthropoda, Infection, Infección, Invertebrata, Parasitose, Parasitosis, Protozoose, Protozoal disease, Protozoosis, Trypanosomiase, Trypanosomiasis, Tripanosomiasis, Abondance, Abundance, Abundancia, Allergie, Allergy, Alergia, Dispersion, Dispersión, Insecta, Potentiel vecteur, Vector potential, Potencial vector, Trypanosomiase américaine, Chagas disease, Tripanosomiasis americana, U.S.A, allergy, dispersal, and triatomine

Triatomine insects are a problem for human health in southwestern United States because of the moderate-to-severe allergic reactions their bites can cause and because they are potential vectors of Chagas Disease. Although both infected insects and wild mammalian reservoirs are plentiful in southern U.S., only seven cases of autochthonous transmission (plus 16 new presumed cases) of this disease have been reported to date. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate triatomine distribution and abundance in a metropolitan area in southern Arizona. Species, life-stage, locality, and date of collection were recorded for 1,878 triatomine insects collected during 4 yr inside and around houses. For both sexes of the most abundant species, Triatoma rubida (Uhler) (>95% of triatomines collected), dispersal followed a typical year-to-year pattern: dispersal started at the beginning of May and peaked during the first-second week of June. T. rubida was found widely distributed in suburban areas. Triatomines of the two less abundant species, T recurva (Stal) and T. protracta (Uhler), were collected in all suburban areas throughout the 4-yr survey. All of these population characteristics were observed both at a large (i.e., all collection sites pooled) and a small (i.e., single collection sites) scale. In total, ≈55―60% of the triatomines were collected inside houses, and 30-35% of those were found in or near beds; thus, it is likely that they fed on humans. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive multi-year analysis of triatomine distribution and abundance in the U.S., providing data that allow inferences about risks to human health.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte biologique, Biological control, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Entomophage, Entomophagous, Entomófago, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Relation hôte parasite, Host parasite relation, Relación huesped parásito, Spermatophyta, Animal auxiliaire, Beneficial animal, Animal benéfico, Coreidae, Densité population, Population density, Densidad población, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Efficacité parasitaire, Parasitic efficiency, Eficacia parasitaria, Hôte, Host, Huesped, Lutte biologique, Biological control, Lucha biológica, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Oophage, Oophagous, Oófago, Parasitoïde, Parasitoid, Parasitoide, Scelionidae, Taux parasitisme, Parasitism rate, Tasa parasitismo, Variation saisonnière, Seasonal variation, Variación estacional, Vigna unguiculata, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Gryon fulviventris, and Nigeria du Nord

Field surveys were conducted on cowpea and pigeon pea in 1995 and 1996 to assess the effect of indigenous egg parasitoids on populations of Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål in northern Nigeria. From the egg masses of C. tomentosicollis, three species of Hymenoptera belonging to three families, namel Anastatus sp. (Eupelmidae), Ooencyrtus utetheisae (Risbec) (Encyrtidae), and Gryon fulviventris (Crawford) (Scelionidae), were recorded. Among them, G. fulviventris was found to be the most abundant parasitoid. Of a total of 3,502 egg masses collected on cowpea from four geographical locations, 2,587 (73.9%) were found to contain at least one egg parasitized by G fulviventris. From 56,072 eggs discovered, it parasitized 38,935 (69.4%). Overall, 74,724 eggs were collected from the four different locations and of these 52% were parasitized by G. fulviventris. However, parasitism rates varied with time and location. At one of the study sites (Minjibir, Kano) where weekly samples were collected throughout the growing season, the discovery efficiency, exploitation efficiency, and overall percentage parasitism increased significantly from July to November. Also, the proportion of eggs parasitized was found to be inversely related to the size of the egg mass. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential contribution of biological control in the integrated pest management of this economically important pest.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Solanaceae, Spermatophyta, Densité population, Population density, Densidad población, Durée, Duration, Duración, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Fruit, Fruto, Infestation, Infestación, Lycopersicon esculentum, Maturité, Maturity, Madurez, Pentatomidae, Plante légumière, Vegetable crop, Planta leguminosa, Chlorochroa uhleri, and Euschistus conspersus

Adult stink bugs were introduced onto caged, bush-type tomatoes to establish the amount of fruit damage resulting from different durations of infestation (up to 20 d), densities (1, 3, 5, and 10 bugs per 2 m of row), species (Euschistus conspersus Uhler and Chlorochroa uhleri (stal)) and reduced fruit abundance (75, 50, and 0% reduction). Factors that significantly influenced the percentage of tomato fruit damaged were stink bug density and reduced fruit density at constant stink bug densities. Stink bug density affected the number of damaged areas per fruit in 1 of the 2 years of the study. Stink bug species and the number of days of stink bug infestation did not affect the percentage of damaged fruit or the number of damaged areas per fruit. Implications for stink bug management in tomatoes grown in California are discussed.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Arthropoda, Composé sémiochimique, Semiochemicals, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Pentatomidae, Phéromone agrégation, Aggregation pheromone, Feromona agregación, aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate, methyl (E)-5-2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienoate, methyl (E)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate, and methyl geranate

In field trials, adult Chlorochroa uhleri (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of both sexes were caught in significant numbers in cylindrical screen traps baited with gray rubber septum lures loaded with the main component of the male-produced pheromone, methyl (E)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate. Addition of the two possible minor components of the pheromone, methyl (E)-5-2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienoate and methyl (2E,6E) -farnesoate, did not affect attraction. Combining the pheromone with different concentrations of volatiles mimicking the odors of a known host plant, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), had no significant effect on attraction of adult bugs, whereas combining the pheromone with the pheromones of two sympatric stink bug species, Chlorochroa sayi (Stål) and Euschistus conspersus Uhler, decreased trap captures, suggesting interference between the pheromones. Small numbers of Chlorochroa ligata (Say) adults also were attracted, but numbers caught were too low to allow statistical comparisons between lure blends. In field trials with C. sayi, all three of the male-specific pheromone compounds [methyl geranate, methyl citronellate, and methyl (E) -6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate] were required for optimal attraction. As with C. uhleri, adults of both sexes were attracted to pheromone lures in approximately equal numbers. Because of the decreased volatility (=release rate) of methyl (E)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate in comparison with the other two, lower molecular weight pheromone components, lures needed to be loaded with a disproportionately high amount of methyl (E)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate to obtain the best trap catch. There was no indication that the pheromone components of C. uhleri or E. conspersus interfered with the attractiveness of the C. sayi pheromone in lures containing a blend of all three pheromones.

Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Systématique. Répartition géographique, Systematics. Geographical distribution, Arthropoda, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Insecta, Invertebrata, Coreidae, Cycle évolutif, Life history, Ciclo evolutivo, Description, Descripción, Elevage, Rearing, Cría, Etude en laboratoire, Laboratory study, Estudio en laboratorio, Heteroptera, Laboratoire, Laboratory, Laboratorio, Narnia femorata, description, and life history

Narnia femorata Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) is a leaffooted bug commonly found on Opuntia and Ferocactus cacti (Cactaceae) in southern New Mexico. Although general information has been published on the biology of this species, detailed studies are limited, particularly in America north of Mexico. Therefore, we conducted a study of this bug's life history in southern New Mexico from August 2010 to May 2012, reared the bug in the laboratory, and described the immature stages. Six prickly pear cactus plants, Opuntia phaeacantha Engelmann, and four barrel cactus plants, Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, were examined weekly to record numbers of the various life stages, adult sex ratios, and behavioral activities. Adults of this apparently bivoltine species overwintered in plant debris at the bases of their host plants. They emerged in late February to deposit eggs in rows along the underside of cactus spines. Nymphs were found from late February through late December. Nymphs of the first generation were most abundant April through June on and around developing flowers of O. phaeacantha. Those of the second generation were most abundant during August and September on maturing fruit of O. phaeacantha and developing flowers and maturing fruit of F. wislizeni. The bug also was reared from egg to adult under controlled laboratory conditions on fruit and pads of O. phaeacantha at 25 ± 0.01°C under a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. The incubation period averaged 12.70 d. The five stadia averaged 3.84, 11.00, 12.12, 17.06, and 22.94 d, respectively. Instars can be distinguished readily by differences in several morphological features in addition to body size and coloration.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Vecteurs. Hôtes intermédaires, Vectors. Intermediate hosts, Arthropoda, Bactérie, Bacteria, Cicadomorpha, Homoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollicutes, Mycoplasmatales, Spiroplasmataceae, Cicadellidae, Dalbulus maidis, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Maïs, Corn, Maiz, Spiroplasma kunkelii, Vecteur, Vector, corn leafhopper, corn stunt, and spiroplasmas

Corn stunt caused by the mollicute Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb) is potentially one of the most severe diseases affecting the corn (Zea mays L.) crop in the Americas, and the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is considered its most important vector. However, other insects seen quite frequently in corn crops might well be its vectors in Argentina. To identify any leafhoppers species other than D. maidis that can transmit S. kunkelii, transmission assays were conducted, using individuals of Exitianus obscurinervis (Stål) collected in field and reared under controlled conditions. S. kunkelii was transmitted to corn plants by E. obscurinervis. The pathogen was transmitted to seven of the 11 plants, which showed characteristic corn stunt symptoms, and the presence of the pathogen was confirmed by DAS-ELISA. The presence of S. kunkelii in the E. obscurinervis individuals used in transmission experiments was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy. The current study shows the existence of a new experimental vector of S. kunkelii, the leafhopper E. obscurineruis, which acquired spiroplasmas from infected plants and inoculated it to healthy plants.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte intégrée, Integrated pest control, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Reduviidae, Spermatophyta, Callosobruchus maculatus, Canavalia ensiformis, Croissance, Growth, Crecimiento, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Emergence, Emergencia, Insecticide, Insecticida, Larve, Larva, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Mortalité, Mortality, Mortalidad, Mue, Molt, Muda, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Rhodnius prolixus, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Toxine, Toxin, and Toxina

Canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from the jackbean, Cananvalia ensiformis. The toxin injected intraperitoneally is lethal for mice and rats; however, it is inactive if given orally. In this study, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Orthoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (L.) (Diptera), Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera), Rhodnius prolixus (Stal) (Hemiptera), and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera) were fed on can-atoxin-containing diets. No effects were seen in M. sexta, S. americana, D. melanogaster, or A. aegypti. No traces of canatoxin were found in their feces, suggesting that the protein was digested completely by these insects, which characteristically have a trypsin-based digestion. In contrast, canatoxin was lethal for insects displaying cathepsin-based digestion. Thus, for C. maculatus, a diet containing 0.25% wt:wt canatoxin caused complete inhibition of larval growth. When R. prolixus were fed on canatoxin, 2 effects were seen: impairment of water excretion and increased lethality 48-96 h after feeding. The lethal effect of canatoxin in R. prolixus was blocked partially or completely when the digestion of the toxin by R. prolixus midgut enzymes was impaired. The data showed that canatoxin is highly toxic when ingested by some species of insects but not affecting others, probably in correlation with the characteristics of the digestive process of the insect.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Spermatophyta, Coreidae, Défoliation, Defoliation, Defoliación, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Feuille végétal, Plant leaf, Hoja vegetal, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Infestation, Infestación, Structure, Estructura, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Vigna unguiculata, Anoplocnemis curvipes, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, canopy temperature, defoliation, and pod position

Potted cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., plants were used to determine the effects of defoliation and pod position relative to the leaf canopy on infestation and damage by the coreid pod-bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Anoplocnemis curvipes (F.). Temperature measurements were taken within and outside the canopy to determine whether there was a correlation to seed damage. Seed damage decreased significantly with increasing defoliation in plants infested with C. tomentosicollis; an inverse trend was observed with A. curvipes. Temperatures within the canopy increased as the number of leaves decreased. As observed in the defoliation experiment, C. tomentosicollis and A. curvipes reacted differently in a free-choice situation between pods located outside or within the canopy. Significantly higher numbers of C. tomentosicollis concealed themselves within the canopy, where they caused more severe damage to seeds, in comparison with numbers and damage outside the canopy. These trends were reversed for A. curvipes. There was a significant negative correlation between percentage of seed damage and temperature with C. tomentosicollis, and a significant positive correlation with A. curvipes, both in defoliated plants and those with pods distributed outside and within the canopy. Overall, plants with less dense canopy, and long peduncles holding pods outside the canopy showed some resistance to C. tomentosicollis, which is the most damaging pod bug on cowpea. Because such cowpea plants harbor fewer C. tomentosicollis, they are likely to suffer less overall damage from infestation by the complex of pod bugs that occur concurrently in cowpea fields.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Démécologie, Demecology, Animaux, Animals, Protozoa. Invertebrata, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Dynamique population, Population dynamics, Dinámica población, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Pentatomidae, Spermatophyta, Abondance écologique, Ecological abundance, Abundancia ecológica, Communauté animale, Animal community, Comunidad animal, Culture mixte, Mixed cropping, Cultivo mixto, Densité population, Population density, Densidad población, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Euschistus servus, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Nezara viridula, Plante piège, Trap plant, Planta trampa, Plante à fibres, Fiber crop, Planta de fibras, Variation saisonnière, Seasonal variation, Variación estacional, and Acrosternum hilare

Two soybean varieties (early-maturing group V and late-maturing group VII) and two cotton varieties (conventional and transgenic (Bt) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots (0.1 ha each) at two locations for 3 yr. The dynamics and relative abundance of phytophagous stink bugs within these two crops were observed. The most abundant pentatomid species in both crops for all 3 yr were Nezara viridula (L.), Acrosternum hilare (Say), and Euschistus servus (Say). Several other species also were commonly collected. This is the first record of Mormidea lugens (F.) on soybean and E. quadrator Rolston, E. obscurus (Palisot), Holcostethus limbolarius (Stål), and Oebalus pugnax (F.) on cotton. Stink bugs began arriving in soybean when plant growth stages ranged from pod formation to full seed development. Peak numbers of these insects were found in soybean from the time of full-size seeds in the pods until early maturity. The bugs were first attracted to the earlier maturing cultivar (group V), where they remained until plants began to mature (R7). The pentatomids then moved to the later-maturing cultivar (group VII) as it reached full pod to full seed. Stink bugs began arriving in cotton from the time of the earliest flowers until after the first bolls formed. Peak numbers in cotton occurred during the time when all stages of developing bolls were present. Stink bug numbers were much greater in soybean than in cotton over all three seasons. This preference for soybean over cotton indicates the potential use of soybean as a trap crop for attracting stink bugs away from cotton. Additionally, the coordinated use of early- and late-maturing soybean cultivars as a trap crop could minimize the area requiring insecticides, as well as the number of insecticide applications to cotton.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Agrume, Citrus fruit, Agrios, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Bactérie, Bacteria, Cicadomorpha, Dicotyledones, Homoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollicutes, Rutaceae, Spermatophyta, Bocage, Grove, Boscaje, Cicadellidae, Citrus, Hôte, Host, Huesped, Maladie, Disease, Enfermedad, Mauvaise herbe, Weed, Malezas, Phloème, Phloem, Liber, Phytoplasme, Phytoplasma, Fitoplasma, Prévalence, Prevalence, Prevalencia, Sève, Sap, Savia, Vecteur, Vector, phloem-limited bacteria, plant disease, sap-sucking insect, and weed

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe citrus (Citrus spp.) disease associated with the bacteria genus Candidatus Liberibacter, detected in Brazil in 2004. Another bacterium was found in association with HLB symptoms and characterized as a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrIX group. The objectives of this study were to identify potential leafhopper vectors of the HLB-associated phytoplasma and their host plants. Leafhoppers were sampled every other week for 12 mo with sticky yellow cards placed at two heights (0.3 and 1.5 m) in the citrus tree canopy and by using a sweep net in the ground vegetation of two sweet orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, groves infected by the HLB-phytoplasma in Sao Paulo state. Faunistic analyses indicated one Agalliinae (Agallia albidula Uhler) and three Deltocephalinae [Balclutha hebe (Kirkaldy), Planicephalus flavicosta (Stål), and Scaphytopius (Convelinus) marginelineatus (Stål)] species, as the most abundant and frequent leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Visual observations indicated an association of leafhopper species with some weeds and the influence of weed species composition on leafhopper abundance in low-lying vegetation. S. marginelineatus and P. flavicosta were more frequent on Sida rhombifolia L. and Althernantera tenella Colla, respectively, whereas A. albidula was observed more often on Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. and B. hebe only occurred on grasses. DNA samples of field-collected S. marginelineatus were positive by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing tests for the presence of the HLB-phytoplasma group, indicating it as a potential vector. The association of leafhoppers with their hosts may be used in deciding which management strategies to adopt against weeds and diseases in citrus orchards.