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Interaction sociale, Social interaction, Interacción social, Cognition sociale, Social cognition, Cognición social, Comportement social, Social behavior, Conducta social, Etude critique, Critical study, Estudio crítico, Homme, Human, Hombre, Inférence, Inference, Inferencia, Jugement, Judgment, Juicio, Modèle, Models, Modelo, Personnalité, Personality, Personalidad, Psychologie sociale, Social psychology, Psicología social, Raisonnement, Reasoning, Razonamiento, Rationnel irrationnel, Rational irrational, Racional irracional, Biais, Psychologie positive, Positive psychology, Psicología positiva, Bayesian inference, biases, normative models, personality, positive psychology, rationality, reasoning, social behavior, social judgment, social psychology, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Attribution, perception et cognition sociale, Social attribution, perception and cognition, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurologie, Psychophysiology, Psychophysiologie, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Mainstream social psychology focuses on how people characteristically violate norms of action through social misbehaviors such as conformity with false majority judgments, destructive obedience, and failures to help those in need. Likewise, they are seen to violate norms of reasoning through cognitive errors such as misuse of social information, self-enhancement, and an over-readiness to attribute dispositional characteristics. The causes of this negative research emphasis include the apparent informativeness of norm violation, the status of good behavior and judgment as unconfirmable null hypotheses, and the allure of counter-intuitive findings. The shortcomings of this orientation include frequently erroneous imputations of error, findings of mutually contradictory errors, incoherent interpretations of error, an inability to explain the sources of behavioral or cognitive achievement, and the inhibition of generalized theory. Possible remedies include increased attention to the complete range of behavior and judgmental accomplishment, analytic reforms emphasizing effect sizes and Bayesian inference, and a theoretical paradigm able to account for both the sources of accomplishment and of error. A more balanced social psychology would yield not only a more positive view of human nature, but also an improved understanding of the bases of good behavior and accurate judgment, coherent explanations of occasional lapses, and theoretically grounded suggestions for improvement.

Nutrition, obesity, metabolic disorders, Nutrition, obésité, maladies métaboliques, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pathologie osteoarticulaire, Diseases of the osteoarticular system, Ostéoporose. Ostéomalacie. Maladie de paget, Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease, Alimentation, Feeding, Alimentación, Elément minéral, Inorganic element, Elemento inorgánico, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Micronutriment, Micronutrient, Micronutriente, Ostéopathie, Bone disease, Osteopatía, Système ostéoarticulaire pathologie, Diseases of the osteoarticular system, Sistema osteoarticular patología, Système ostéoarticulaire, Osteoarticular system, Sistema osteoarticular, Atelier, Workshop, Taller, Calcium, Calcio, Etat nutritionnel, Nutritional status, Estado nutricional, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Homme, Human, Hombre, Mode de vie, Life style, Modo de vida, Os, Bone, Hueso, Ostéoporose, Osteoporosis, Phytoestrogène, Phytoestrogen, Fitoestrógeno, Prévention, Prevention, Prevención, Régime alimentaire, Diet, Régimen alimentario, Sel, Salt, Sal, Vitamine D, Vitamin D, Vitamina D, Vitamine K, Vitamin K, Vitamina K, and Bone: Osteoporosis: Fracture: Calcium: Vitamin D: Vitamin K: Phyto-oestrogens: Salt: Silicon: Physical activity

The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) convened a group of expert scientists to discuss and review UK FSA- and Department of Health-funded research on diet and bone health. This research focused on the lifestyle factors that are amenable to change and may significantly affect bone health and the risk of osteoporotic fracture. The potential benefits of fruits and vegetables, meat, Ca, vitamins D and K and phyto-oestrogens were presented and discussed. Other lifestyle factors were also discussed, particularly the effect of physical activity and possible gene-nutrient interactions affecting bone health.

CEREBROVASCULAR disease patients, HOME care services, MEDICAL rehabilitation, HEALTH outcome assessment, and RANDOMIZED controlled trials

Objective: To compare a specialized interprofessional team approach to community-based stroke rehabilitation with usual home care for stroke survivors using home care services. Methods: Randomized controlled trial of 101 community-living stroke survivors (<18 months post-stroke) using home care services. Subjects were randomized to intervention (n=52) or control (n=49) groups. The intervention was a 12-month specialized, evidence-based rehabilitation strategy involving an interprofessional team. The primary outcome was change in health-related quality of life and functioning (SF-36) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes were number of strokes during the 12-month follow-up, and changes in community reintegration (RNLI), perceived social support (PRQ85-Part 2), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Kessler-10), cognitive function (SPMSQ), and costs of use of health services from baseline to 12 months. Results: A total of 82 subjects completed the 12-month follow-up. Compared with the usual care group, stroke survivors in the intervention group showed clinically important (although not statistically significant) greater improvements from baseline in mean SF-36 physical functioning score (5.87, 95% CI -3.98 to 15.7; p=0.24) and social functioning score (9.03, CI-7.50 to 25.6; p=0.28). The groups did not differ for any of the secondary effectiveness outcomes. There was a higher total per-person costs of use of health services in the intervention group compared to usual home care although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.76). Conclusions: A 12-month specialized, interprofessional team is a feasible and acceptable approach to community-based stroke rehabilitation that produced greater improvements in quality of life compared to usual home care. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00463229 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOME care services, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, MEDICAL care, COMMUNITY health services, HOSPITAL costs, MEDICAL emergencies, HOSPITAL admission & discharge, PUBLIC health, and OPERATING costs

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