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1. Reported foodborne outbreaks due to noroviruses in Belgium: the link between food and patient investigations in an international context [2009]

  • BAERT, L, UYTTENDAELE, M, STALS, A, VAN COILLIE, E, DIERICK, K, DEBEVERE, J, and BOTTELDOORN, N
  • Food Poisoning from Raw Fruit and VegetablesEpidemiology and infection. 137(3):316-325
Subjects
Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Microbiologie, Microbiology, Pathologie de l'appareil digestif, Digestive diseases, Aparato digestivo patología, Aliment, Food, Alimento, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Homme, Human, Hombre, Intoxication alimentaire, Food poisoning, Intoxicación alimentaria, Microbiologie, Microbiology, and Microbiología
Abstract
The Belgian data for foodborne norovirus (NoV) outbreaks became available for the first time with the introduction of an extraction and detection protocol for NoV in the National Reference Laboratory for foodborne outbreaks in September 2006. In 2007, 10 NoV foodborne outbreaks were reported affecting 392 persons in Belgium. NoV became the most detected agent in foodborne outbreaks followed by Salmonella (eight foodborne outbreaks). The major implicated foods were sandwiches (4/10), where food handlers reported a history of gastroenteritis in two outbreaks. A food handler was implicated in the limited number of Belgian NoV outbreaks which is in accord with internationally recorded data. Forty foodborne and waterborne outbreak events due to NoV, epidemiological and/or laboratory confirmed, from 2000 to 2007 revealed that in 42.5 % of the cases the food handler was responsible for the outbreak, followed by water (27·5%), bivalve shellfish (17·5%) and raspberries (10·0%).

2. Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in a cyanobacterial bloom in the Baltic Sea [2000]

  • Stal, L. J. and Walsby, A. E.
  • EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY. 35(2):97-108

3. The daily integral of nitrogen fixation by planktonic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea [1998]

  • Stal, L. J. and Walsby, A. E.
  • NEW PHYTOLOGIST. 139(4):665-672

4. The selective advantage of buoyancy provided by gas vesicles for planktonic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea [1997]

  • Walsby, A. E., Hayes, P. K., Boje, R., and Stal, L. J.
  • NEW PHYTOLOGIST. 136(3):407-418

5. Pest kill rate as aggregate evaluation criterion to rank biological control agents: a case study with Neotropical predators of Tuta absoluta on tomato. [2019]

  • van Lenteren, J.C., Bueno, V.H.P., Burgio, G., Lanzoni, A., Montes, F.C., Silva, D.B., de Jong, P.W., and Hemerik, L.
  • Bulletin of Entomological Research; Dec2019, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p812-820, 9p
Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems, BIOLOGICAL pest control, PEST control, PESTS, TOMATOES, and SPECIES pools
Abstract
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a key pest of tomato, is quickly spreading over the world and biological control is considered as one of the control options. Worldwide more than 160 species of natural enemies are associated with this pest, and an important challenge is to quickly find an effective biocontrol agent from this pool of candidate species. Evaluation criteria for control agents are presented, with the advantages they offer for separating potentially useful natural enemies from less promising ones. Next, an aggregate parameter for ranking agents is proposed: the pest kill rate k m. We explain why the predator's intrinsic rate of increase cannot be used for comparing the control potential of predators or parasitoids, while k m can be used to compare both types of natural enemies. As an example, kill rates for males, females and both sexes combined of three Neotropical mirid species (Campyloneuropsis infumatus (Carvalho), Engytatus varians (Distant) and Macrolophus basicornis (Stål)) were determined, taking all life-history data (developmental times, survival rates, total nymphal and adult predation, sex ratios and adult lifespan) into account. Based on the value for the intrinsic rate of increase (r m) for T. absoluta and for the kill rate k m of the predators, we predict that all three predators are potentially able to control the pest, because their k m values are all higher than the r m of the pest. Using only k m values, we conclude that E. varians is the best candidate for control of T. absoluta on tomato, with C. infumatus ranking second and M. basicornis last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

6. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles from Oryza sativa and their influence on chemotaxis behaviour of Tibraca limbativentris stal. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and egg parasitoids. [2014]

  • Melo Machado, R.C., Sant'Ana, J., Blassioli-Moraes, M.C., Laumann, R.A., and Borges, M.
  • Bulletin of Entomological Research. Jun2014, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p347-356. 10p.

7. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles from Oryza sativa and their influence on chemotaxis behaviour of Tibraca limbativentris stal. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and egg parasitoids [2014]

  • Bulletin of entomological research, 2014 June, v. 104, no. 3, p. 347-356.
Abstract
The rice stem bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of rice crops, especially irrigated crops. Plant defence strategies against these bugs may involve the emission of chemical compounds, which are released following herbivore attacks, directly or indirectly harming pest performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of constitutive and herbivory-induced volatiles from rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) on the behavioural responses of T. limbativentris adults and egg parasitoids Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Plant volatiles were collected from undamaged plants of the rice cultivar IRGA 424 and from plants that suffered herbivory by five males or five females of T. limbativentris. Air-entrainment extracts were analysed by GC–flame ionization detector and GC–MS, and insect responses evaluated in a ‘Y’ olfactometer. T. limbativentris feeding damaged on rice plants induced the release of 16 volatiles compounds in a higher amounts compared to undamaged plants The main compounds induced were (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, methyl salicylate and α-muurolene. Female bugs were significantly attracted to air-entrainment extracts containing volatiles from undamaged plants compared with air-entrainment extracts containing volatiles emitted from plants damaged by T. limbativentris, whereas males showed no preference. Telenomus podisi females were significantly attracted to volatiles from air-entrainment extracts of plants damaged by females, whereas T. basalis showed no preference. These results suggest that rice plants may be emitting defence compounds, which could be avoided by T. limbativentris females and also acted indirectly by attracting natural enemies.

8. Pod wall trichomes and resistance of two wild cowpea, Vigna vexillata, accessions to Maruca testualis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae). [1989]

  • Jackai, L. E. N. and Oghiakhe, S.
  • Bulletin of Entomological Research; Oct1989, Vol. 79 Issue 4, p595-605, 11p

9. Histological studies of damage by pod-sucking bugs (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea Vgna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria [2006]

  • SOYELU, O. L and AKINGBOHUNGBE, A. E
  • Bulletin of entomological research. 96(4):439-444
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Végétaux et champignons, Plants and fungi, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Spermatophyta, Coreidae, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Histopathologie, Histopathology, Histopatología, Plante hôte, Host plant, Planta huesped, Tissu végétal, Plant tissue, Tejido vegetal, and Vigna unguiculata
Abstract
Histological studies were conducted on cowpea pods fed upon by the coreoid pod-sucking bugs, Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fabricius), Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal, C. shadabi Dolling, Riptortus dentipes (Fabricius) and Mirperus jaculus (Thunberg). Various degrees of tissue and cellular disruption were apparent, especially in the brachysclereids. They were manifested in terms of plasmolysis, cell enlargement and cell wall disintegration depending on the coreoid species involved. The feeding site and its periphery had all the cells of the brachysclereids plasmolysed, with the parenchyma having broken cell walls in the case of A. curvipes. Riptortus dentipes and M. jaculus showed similar patterns of feeding activity but less extensive levels of damage. The Clavigralla spp., however, caused cell enlargement in the brachysclereids, and broken cell walls in both the brachysclereids and the parenchyma. Damage symptoms were observed in cells far away from the feeding sites of the bugs, suggesting the possibility of sucrase activity which has been reported to cause osmotic pump feeding in the Coreidae.

10. Interaction between pod age and position on damage to cowpea Vigna unguiculata by hemipteran pod-sucking bugs [2001]

  • KOONA, P, OSISANYA, E. O, JACKAI, L. E. N, TAMO, M, TONYE, J, and NGEVE, J. M
  • Bulletin of entomological research. 91(6):453-459
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Spermatophyta, Age, Edad, Comparaison interspécifique, Interspecific comparison, Comparación interespecífica, Coreidae, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Pentatomidae, Position, Posición, and Vigna unguiculata
Abstract
Laboratory and screenhouse studies were carried out to assess the relationship between pod age and pod position of cowpea and damage by different pod bug species. The coreids Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl and Riptortus dentipes Fabricius caused significant damage to young pods of cultivated genotypes, in contrast to the coreid Anoplocnemis curvipes Fabricius and the pentatomid Aspavia armigera Fabricius which exhibited minor feeding activity. Percent seed damage declined with pod age, the critical stage for pod bug infestation being when pods were about eight days old. Clavigralla tomentosicollis and R. dentipes caused significantly higher damage to pods located within the leaf canopy, thus behaving differently from Anoplocnemis curvipes which showed a distinct preference for pods growing above the leaf canopy. The feeding activity of Aspavia armigera was not affected by the position of pods on the plant. Overall, the study suggests that cowpea genotypes with a short flowering period and pods held above the leaf canopy offer the most promise in the management of pod-sucking pests.

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