articles+ search results

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Contrôle, Analysing. Testing. Standards, Contrôle non destructif, Nondestructive testing, Mesure des propriétés. Etude des structures, Measurement of properties and materials state, Acier non allié, Carbon steel, Acero no aliado, Unlegierter Stahl, Cisaillographie, Shearography, Cizallografiá, Corrosion chimique, Chemical corrosion, Corrosión química, Chemische Korrosion, Couche mince, Thin film, Capa fina, Duennschicht, Durée vie, Lifetime, Tiempo vida, Lebensdauer, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Temperatureinfluss, Email, Enamel, Esmalte, Essai non destructif, Non destructive test, Ensayo no destructivo, Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung, Humidité, Humidity, Humedad, Feuchtigkeit, Impédance électrique, Electrical impedance, Impedancia eléctrica, Laque, Lacquer, Laca, Rayonnement UV, Ultraviolet radiation, Radiación ultravioleta, Ultraviolettstrahlen, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Speckle, Diagrama mancha, Digital shearography, EIS, and Organic coatings

A critical (steady state) value of the conductivity of different organic coatings was determined by a combination of digital shearography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The behavior of organic coatings, i.e., ACE premium-gray enamel, white enamel, beige enamel (spray coatings), a yellow acrylic lacquer, and a gold nail polish on a metallic alloy, i.e., a carbon steel, was investigated over a temperature range of 20―60 °C. The value of the conductivity of coatings was determined by correlating the in-plan displacement of the coating (by shearography over a temperature range 20―60 °C) and the value of the alternating current impedance of the coating by EIS in 3% NaCl solution. The integrity of the coatings with respect to time was assessed by comparing the measured value of conductivity to the critical (steady state) or asymptotic value of conductivity. In other words, by shearography, measurement of coating properties could be performed independent of parameters such as UV exposure, humidity, presence of chemical species, and other parameters which may normally interfere with conventional methods of the assessing of the integrity of coatings. Therefore, one may measure the conductivity of coatings, regardless of the history of the coating, in order to assess the integrity of coatings. Also, the obtained shearography data were found to be in a reasonable trend with the data of EIS in 3% NaCl solution.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Formage, Forming, Autres procédés de formage, Other forming methods, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Généralités, General, Acier haute résistance, High strength steel, Acero alta resistencia, Hochfester Stahl, Automobile, Motor car, Automóvil, Kraftwagen, Durée vie fatigue, Fatigue life, Longevidad fatiga, Ermuedungslebensdauer, Ecrouissage, Work hardening, Endurecimiento en frío, Effet bord, Edge effect, Efecto borde, Endommagement, Damaging, Deterioración, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Fissure fatigue, Fatigue crack, Fisura fatiga, Ermuedungsriss, Formabilité, Formability, Formabilidad, Formbarkeit, Fracture, Fractura, Jeu mécanique, Mechanical clearance, Juego mecánico, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Rupture, Ruptura, Bruch, Traitement mécanique, Mechanical treatment, Tratamiento mecánico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Automotive manufacturing, Cut-edge fatigue, Forming, and Hole expansion capacity

Mechanical cut-edge properties influence the fatigue lives and formability capacity of advanced high-strength steels. This factor is critical as S355MC and DP600 exhibited an increased sensitivity to fatigue cracks initiating from defects on the cut-edge fracture zone. Mechanical cut-edges as a result displayed a decreased level of formability that was highly dependent on the cut-edge surface and internal microstructure of the cut-edge produced. It was determined that, by controlling the mechanical clearance, optimized mechanical cut-edges were produced. This was achieved through minimizing surface damage and by controlling the internal and topographical properties of the cut-edge zones.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Durcissement superficiel par des procédés mécaniques, Surface hardening by mechanical treatment, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Organes de machines, Machine components, Frottement, usure, lubrification, Friction, wear, lubrication, Moteurs et turbines, Engines and turbines, Moteurs à combustion interne: moteurs à essence, diesels, etc, Internal combustion engines: gazoline engine, diesel engines, etc, Acier, Steel, Acero, Amorçage fissure, Crack initiation, Iniciación grieta, Risseinleitung, Concentration contrainte, Stress concentration, Concentración restringida, Spannungskonzentration, Couche mince, Thin film, Capa fina, Duennschicht, Couche nitrurée, Nitrided layer, Capa nitrurada, Nitrierte Schicht, Couche superficielle, Surface layer, Capa superficial, Oberflaechenschicht, Coussinet, Bushing, Cojinete, Epaulement, Fillet, Espaldón, Fissure fatigue, Fatigue crack, Fisura fatiga, Ermuedungsriss, Locomotive, Locomotora, Lokomotive, Métal, Metal, Metalle, Palier, Bearing(mechanics), Descansillo, Lager, Plaque, Plate, Placa, Racine, Root, Raíz, Rupture fatigue, Fatigue fracture, Rotura fatiga, Dauerbruch, Suralimentation moteur, Supercharging, Sobrealimentación motor, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Turbocompresseur suralimentation, Exhaust turbocharger, Turbocompresor sobrealimentación, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, Véhicule ferroviaire, Rail vehicle, Vehículo ferroviario, Bearing sleeve, Failure analysis, Nitriding, and Wear friction

A failure investigation was conducted on a locomotive turbocharger-bearing sleeve. The failed bearing sleeve is made of 38CrMoAl steel and the external and internal surfaces are nitrided. The fracture took place at the transition fillet between the cylinder and the plate of the bearing sleeve. Multiple origin fatigue fracture was the dominant fracture mechanism. Serious wear took place on the external surface of the bearing sleeve. Metallurgical examination indicated that the depth of the nitrided layer on the surfaces of the bearing sleeve was generally below the acceptable limit set by the manufacturer. The thin nitrided layer on the external surface of cylinder was rapidly worn from the cylinder in service and the soft underlying matrix was exposed. At this point, the wear on the cylinder surface increased intensely and ultimately lead to increased friction between the external surface of the bearing sleeve and the bearing bush. Fatigue crack initiation occurred at the root fillet between the cylinder and the plate because of stress concentration in that area and the increased frictional forces. In addition, the insufficient nitrided layer depth in the fillet region facilitated propagation of fatigue crack. Appropriate nitriding process should be conducted on the bearing sleeve to obtain a sufficient hardening depth thus inhibiting surface wear and preventing fillet fatigue failure.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Usinage, Cutting, Usinage avec enlèvement de copeaux, Machining. Machinability, Corrosion, Mécanismes fondamentaux et formes de la corrosion, Corrosion mechanisms, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Généralités, General, Acier inoxydable, Stainless steel, Acero inoxidable, Nichtrostender Stahl, Actionneur, Actuator, Accionador, Amorçage fissure, Crack initiation, Iniciación grieta, Risseinleitung, Approximation spline, Spline approximation, Aproximación esplín, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Couche superficielle, Surface layer, Capa superficial, Oberflaechenschicht, Décharge électrique, Electric discharge, Descarga eléctrica, Epaisseur couche, Layer thickness, Espesor capa, Schichtdicke, Essai dureté, Hardness test, Ensayo dureza, Haerteversuch, Fissure superficielle, Surface crack, Fisura superficial, Oberflaechenriss, Granulé, Granule, Granulado, Granuel, Investissement, Investment, Inversión, Investitionen, Lit fluidisé, Fluidized bed, Lecho fluidizado, Microfissure, Microcrack, Microfisura, Mikroriss, Microscopie optique, Optical microscopy, Microscopía óptica, Optische Mikroskopie, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Polissage, Polishing, Pulimiento, Polieren, Potentiel surface, Surface potential, Potencial superficie, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Rissausbreitung, Précipitation, Precipitation, Precipitación, Ausscheidung, Précipité, Precipitate, Precipitado, Ausscheidungsprodukt, Rupture fatigue, Fatigue fracture, Rotura fatiga, Dauerbruch, Tolérance dimensionnelle, Dimensional tolerance, Tolerancia dimensional, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, Tratamiento térmico, Waermebehandlung, Usinage électroérosion, Electrical discharge machining, Mecanizado electroerosión, Elektroerosives Bearbeiten, pH, pH Wert, 17-4 PH stainless steel, Electrical machining, and Failure analysis

Spline actuators made of investment cast 17-4 PH (precipitation hardening) stainless steel were found to contain micro-cracks. The cracked actuators were subjected to optical and scanning electron microscopy and hardness testing, which revealed that the failure occurred due to fatigue crack initiation and growth after electrical discharge machining (EDM). The rehardened layer produced by the EDM remained after machining, and the cracks and surface irregularities associated with this layer provided sites for crack initiation and growth, which ultimately caused rejection of parts. Close dimensional tolerances on actuators require post-heat treatment EDM. Thickness of the recast layer was measured to be about 38-55 μm, and precipitation in vicinity of the machined surface is a potential source for corrosion. Post-machining polishing by means of fluidized bed granules was employed to remove recast layer and associated precipitates. Test results proved that removal of surface layers improved the microstructure and the resistance to crack formation. The post-EDM polishing and subsequent annual inspections proved that problem was solved.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Elasticité. Plasticité, Elasticity. Plasticity, Rupture, Fractures, Acier austénitique, Austenitic steel, Acero austenítico, Austenitischer Stahl, Anisotropie, Anisotropy, Anisotropía, Bande déformation, Deformation band, Banda deformación, Deformationsband, Finissage, Finishing, Acabado, Microdéfaut, Microdefect, Microdefecto, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Processus fabrication, Production process, Proceso fabricación, Rupture, Ruptura, Bruch, Ségrégation, Segregation, Segregación, Seigerung, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, Tratamiento térmico, Waermebehandlung, Transformation martensitique, Martensitic transformation, Transformación martensítica, Martensitische Umwandlung, Transformation phase, Phase transformation, Transformación fase, Phasenumwandlung, Ténacité, Fracture toughness, Tenacidad, Bruchzaehigkeit, Austenite, Banding, Failure, Heat treatments, Martensite, Toughness, and Transformation plasticity

In industrial applications failures of mechanical parts made of carbon and alloyed steels may develop either during heat treatment steps or final finishing operations. Such failures have high impact costs for manufacturers, since heat treated steel products, in general, are high value products which increase in value with each step in the production process until the final life-cycle manufacturing steps are completed. This work highlights the selection of steels to avoid premature ruptures developing during either the heat treatment steps or finishing operations with emphasis on the role of banding in the failure process. Failure does not have to involve fracture but may simply imply a decrease in performance of surface treated components as consequence of surface properties, even in the presence of correct heat treatment parameters. The root causes for banding in steels, are described in literature, and banding has major effects on final product properties (and causal relationships). Therefore, the causes of banding are studied and classified. Conclusions suggest that microstructural defects such as (micro)segregation bands and other defects such as slag and oxides inclusions are developed in the early fabricating cycle steps and can cause premature failure of either semi-finished or finished products.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Durcissement superficiel par des procédés mécaniques, Surface hardening by mechanical treatment, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Moteurs et turbines, Engines and turbines, Moteurs à combustion interne: moteurs à essence, diesels, etc, Internal combustion engines: gazoline engine, diesel engines, etc, Camion, Lorry, Camión, Lastwagen, Couche cémentée, Case hardened layer, Capa cementada, Einsatzhaertungsschicht, Cémentation, Carburizing, Cementación, Aufkohlen, Durcissement superficiel, Surface hardening, Endurecimiento superficial, Fatigue contact, Fretting fatigue, Fatiga contacto, Kontaktermuedung, Fissure interne, Internal crack, Fisura interna, Innenriss, Fissure transversale, Transverse crack, Fisura transversal, Querriss, Microdureté, Microhardness, Microdureza, Mikrohaerte, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Moteur combustion interne, Internal combustion engine, Motor explosión interna, Moteur diesel, Diesel engine, Motor diesel, Dieselmotor, Piston moteur, Engine piston, Pistón motor, Rupture fatigue, Fatigue fracture, Rotura fatiga, Dauerbruch, Résistance fatigue, Fatigue strength, Resistencia fatiga, Dauerfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Carburizing process, Decarburization, Failure analysis, and Piston-pin

Transverse and longitudinal cracking took place on a diesel engine piston-pin used in a truck in service. The external circle and internal hole surfaces of piston-pin are specified to be carburized. The cracks originated from the internal hole surface and propagated, by fatigue, towards the external circle. The microstructure and microhardness profiles indicate that the serious decarburization occurred on the internal hole surface and that the hardening case was not present. The occurrence of the decarburization in the surface region of the internal hole decreases the fatigue strength to levels far below those for a carburized surface so failure initiated easily at the internal hole surface. To assure against similar failures in the future, make sure that the region around the internal hole obtains the specified depth of hardened layer.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Durcissement superficiel par des procédés mécaniques, Surface hardening by mechanical treatment, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Moteurs et turbines, Engines and turbines, Moteurs à combustion interne: moteurs à essence, diesels, etc, Internal combustion engines: gazoline engine, diesel engines, etc, Arbre transmission, Shaft, Arbol transmisión, Antriebswelle, Camion, Lorry, Camión, Lastwagen, Concentration contrainte, Stress concentration, Concentración restringida, Spannungskonzentration, Couche superficielle, Surface layer, Capa superficial, Oberflaechenschicht, Durcissement superficiel, Surface hardening, Endurecimiento superficial, Défaut fabrication, Manufacturing defect, Defecto fabricación, Fertigungsfehler, Engrenage, Gear, Engranaje, Getriebe, Epaulement, Fillet, Espaldón, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Moteur combustion interne, Internal combustion engine, Motor explosión interna, Moteur diesel, Diesel engine, Motor diesel, Dieselmotor, Rainure, Groove, Ranura, Rupture, Ruptura, Bruch, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Trempe induction, Induction hardening, Temple inducción, Induktionshaerten, Failure analysis, Fatigue initiation, Fillet radius, Gear-shaft, and Induction-hardening

A diesel engine gear-shaft used in a truck fractured in service. Fracture occurred at the root fillet region of the upper groove and the platform. The fractographic study shows that the failure of the gear-shaft was initiated by fatigue. The small fillet radius of the upper groove provided a stress concentration level in root fillet region and created the conditions responsible for the fracture of the gear-shaft. Absence of the induction-hardening layer on the surfaces of the cylinder and the platform led to further problems at the root fillet region in terms of operation of the gear-shaft. Both the geometry of the gear-shaft and incorrect induction-hardening process are responsible for the failure of the gear-shaft.

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Acier outil, Tool steel, Acero herramienta, Werkzeugstahl, Acier, Steel, Acero, Alliage haute résistance, High strength alloy, Aleación alta resistencia, Hochfeste Legierung, Antimicrobien, Antimicrobial agent, Antimicrobiano, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Argent ion, Silver ion, Plata ión, Silberion, Métallurgie poudre, Powder metallurgy, Metalurgia polvo, Pulvermetallurgie, Pollution, Polución, Verschmutzung, Propreté, Cleanness, Limpieza, Revêtement non métallique, Non metal coating, Revestimiento no metálico, Nichtmetallischer Ueberzug, Superalliage, Superalloy, Superaléación, Superlegierung, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Procédé dépôt, Deposition process, Procedimiento revestimiento, Beschichtungsverfahren, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Durcissement superficiel par des procédés mécaniques, Surface hardening by mechanical treatment, Brunissage, Burnishing, Brunido, Bruenieren, Contrainte compression, Compressive stress, Tensión compresión, Druckspannung, Contrainte résiduelle, Residual stress, Tensión residual, Eigenspannung, Durée vie fatigue, Fatigue life, Longevidad fatiga, Ermuedungslebensdauer, Déformation plastique, Plastic deformation, Deformación plástica, Plastische Verformung, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Fissure fatigue, Fatigue crack, Fisura fatiga, Ermuedungsriss, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Rissausbreitung, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance fatigue, Fatigue strength, Resistencia fatiga, Dauerfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Plaque, Plate, Placa, Procédé fabrication, Manufacturing process, Procedimiento fabricación, Fertigungsverfahren, Revêtement métallique, Metal coating, Revestimiento metálico, Metallischer Ueberzug, Rhénium, Rhenium, Renio, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tube, Tubo, and Rohr

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Fusion laser, Laser fusion, Fusión láser, Fusion surface, Surface melting, Fusión superficie, Oberflaechenschmelzen, Laser, Procédé fabrication, Manufacturing process, Procedimiento fabricación, Fertigungsverfahren, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, Tratamiento térmico, and Waermebehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Association professionnelle, Professional association, Asociación profesional, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Développement, Development, Desarrollo, Entwicklung, Revêtement métallique, Metal coating, Revestimiento metálico, Metallischer Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Techniques de l'ingénieur appliqués à la métallurgie. Applications. Divers, Engineering techniques in metallurgy. Applications. Other aspects, Applications, Industrie aérospatiale, Aircraft industry. Spacecraft, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Avion combat, Fight aircraft, Avión combate, Industrie aéronautique, Aeronautic industry, Industria aeronáutica, Luftfahrtindustrie, Procédé dépôt, Deposition process, Procedimiento revestimiento, Beschichtungsverfahren, Protection corrosion, Corrosion protection, Protección corrosión, Korrosionsschutz, Préparation surface, Surface preparation, Preparación superficie, Oberflaechenvorbereitung, Revêtement protecteur, Protective coatings, Revestimiento protector, Schutzueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Autres traitements de surface, Other surface treatments, Etat surface, Surface conditions, Estado superficie, Oberflaechenzustand, Faisceau ionique, Ion beam, Haz iónico, Ionenstrahl, Fusion surface, Surface melting, Fusión superficie, Oberflaechenschmelzen, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Procédé fabrication, Manufacturing process, Procedimiento fabricación, Fertigungsverfahren, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Oberflaechenbehandlung

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Acier faiblement allié, Low alloy steel, Acero débilmente aliado, Niedriglegierter Stahl, Alliage base cobalt, Cobalt base alloys, Dureté, Hardness, Dureza, Haerte, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Matériau remplacement, Materials replacement, Material reemplazo, Werkstoffsubstitution, Projection HVOF, HVOF spraying, Proyeccion HVOF, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Revêtement métallique, Metal coating, Revestimiento metálico, Metallischer Ueberzug, Revêtement non métallique, Non metal coating, Revestimiento no metálico, Nichtmetallischer Ueberzug, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribaloy 400, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Tungstène carbure, Tungsten carbide, Wolframio carburo, Wolframcarbid, Acier AISI 4340, Acier Ni2Cr1, Alliage CoCrFeMo, and Co Cr Fe Mo