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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Condition mise en oeuvre, Processing parameter, Condición puesta en ejecución, Couche primaire, Priming coat, Capa primaria, Elastomère, Elastomer, Elastómero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fil pour pneu, Steelcord, Cuerda acero para neumático, Laiton, Brass, Latón, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vulcanisation, Vulcanization, and Vulcanización

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Cinétique et mécanisme des réactions, Kinetics and mechanism of reactions, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Appareils de production et de conversion d'énergie: énergie thermique, énergie électrique, énergie mécanique, etc, Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc, Piles à combustible, Fuel cells, Métal transition Composé, Transition metal Compounds, Metal transición Compuesto, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Coordinat organique, Organic ligand, Ligando orgánico, Electrocatalyse, Electrocatalysis, Electrocatálisis, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fer Complexe, Iron Complexes, Hierro Complejo, Fer Sulfate, Iron Sulfates, Hierro Sulfato, Méthanol, Methanol, Metanol, Oxygène, Oxygen, Oxígeno, Phtalocyanine métallique, Metallophthalocyanine, Ftalocianina metálica, Pile combustible alcool, Alcohol fuel cells, Réaction électrochimique, Electrochemical reaction, Reacción electroquímica, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, and Reducción química

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Absorption, stripping, Absorption avec réaction, Absorption with reaction, Absorción con reacción, Absorption gaz, Gas absorption, Absorción gas, Analyse sensibilité, Sensitivity analysis, Análisis sensibilidad, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Equilibre chimique, Chemical equilibrium, Equilibrio químico, Equilibre thermodynamique, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Equilibrio termodinámico, Estimation paramètre, Parameter estimation, Estimación parámetro, Gaz liquide, Gas liquid, Gas líquido, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Phénomène transport, Transport process, Fenómeno transporte, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, Transferencia masa, Transfert matière avec réaction, Mass transfer with reaction, and Transferencia materia con reacción

Absorption of gases in liquid solutions accompanied by chemical reactions or reactive absorption, represents one of the most important industrial operations. The advantages of this process are enhanced solution capacity, low impurity concentrations up to the ppm-range, moderate operation pressure, and selective removal of contaminants. Reactive absorption is based on a combination of several kinetically controlled phenomena, the focus being on the coupling of chemical reactions and mass transfer in multicomponent mixtures. Therefore, a process description using the equilibrium concept is often insufficient and kinetic modeling is required. This paper describes the basics of rigorous modeling of reactive absorption processes. Several case studies are used in order to validate the models. In addition, a discussion of necessary model parameters, such as diffusion coefficients and reaction kinetics, is given. A reduced model with lower computation time is obtained via detailed sensitivity analysis. This model is successfully used in dynamic simulations. In this respect a proper consideration of the film reactions appears to be crucial.

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Eaux usées industrielles, Industrial wastewaters, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Environnement et pollution, Environment and pollution, Epuration biologique des eaux, Biological treatment of waters, Bactérie, Bacteria, Enzyme, Enzima, Métal divalent Ion, Divalent metal Ions, Metal divalente Ión, Métal transition Ion, Transition metal Ions, Metal transición Ión, Oxidoreductases, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonadales, Biotransformation, Biotransformación, Catalyse enzymatique, Enzymatic catalysis, Catálisis enzimática, Chlore, Chlorine, Cloro, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Eau usée industrielle, Industrial waste water, Agua servida industrial, Electrolyse, Electrolysis, Electrólisis, Epuration biologique, Biological purification, Depuración biológica, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Industrie chimique, Chemical industry, Industria química, Ion métallique, Metal ion, Ión metálico, Mercure II Ion, Mercury II Ions, Mercurio II Ión, Mercury(II) reductase, Métal lourd, Heavy metal, Metal pesado, Performance, Rendimiento, Production industrielle, Industrial production, Producción industrial, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Réaction catalytique, Catalytic reaction, Reacción catalítica, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, Reducción química, Sodium Chlorure, Sodium Chlorides, Sodio Cloruro, Sodium Hydroxyde, Sodium Hydroxides, Sodio Hidróxido, and Pseudomonas fulva

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Pollution atmosphérique due à l'industrie des combustibles et à leur utilisation, Air pollution caused by fuel industries, Réduction de la pollution, Pollution reduction, Traitement des fumées et des gaz industriels, Stack gas and industrial effluent processing, Pollution, Pollution atmosphérique, Atmospheric pollution, Méthodes de prévention et d'épuration, Prevention and purification methods, Combustion et production d'énergie, Combustion and energy production, Métal transition, Transition metal, Metal transición, Platinoïde, Platinoid, Platinoide, Alumine, Alumina, Alúmina, Azote Oxyde, Nitrogen Oxides, Nitrógeno Óxido, Catalyse hétérogène, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catálisis heterogénea, Catalyseur sur support, Supported catalyst, Catalizador sobre soporte, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Construction monolithe, Monolithic construction, Construcción monolítica, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Effet milieu, Medium effect, Efecto medio, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Energie activation, Activation energy, Energía activación, Epuration effluent gazeux, Flue gas purification, Depuración efluente gaseoso, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydrogène, Hydrogen, Hidrógeno, Modèle cinétique, Kinetic model, Modelo cinético, Oxygène, Oxygen, Oxígeno, Platine, Platinum, Platino, Réacteur recirculation, Recycle reactor, Reactor recirculación, Réacteur sans gradient, Gradientless reactor, Reactor sin gradiente, Réaction catalytique, Catalytic reaction, Reacción catalítica, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, Reducción química, Structure nid abeille, Honeycomb structure, Estructura alveolar, Vitesse réaction, Reaction rate, and Velocidad reacción

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Catalyse hétérogène, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catálisis heterogénea, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Eau, Water, Agua, Energie activation, Activation energy, Energía activación, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydrocarbure, Hydrocarbon, Hidrocarburo, Méthane, Methane, Metano, Ordre réaction, Reaction order, Orden reacción, Oxydation partielle, Partial oxidation, Oxidación parcial, Réaction catalytique, Catalytic reaction, Reacción catalítica, Solvant supercritique, Supercritical solvent, Disolvente supercrítico, Sélectivité, Selectivity, Selectividad, Taux conversion, Conversion rate, and Factor conversión

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Propriétés et essais, Properties and testing, Propriétés chimiques, Chemical properties, Arborescence hygroscopique, Water treeing, Arborescencia higroscópica, Caoutchouc éthylène propène, Ethylene propylene rubber, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Dégradation chimique, Chemical degradation, Degradación química, Etat actuel, State of the art, Estado actual, Ethylène polymère, Polyethylene, Etileno polímero, Gaine câble électrique, Electric cable sheath, Revestimiento cable eléctrico, Mécanisme, Mechanism, Mecanismo, Polymère réticulé, Crosslinked polymer, Polímero reticulado, Réaction électrochimique, Electrochemical reaction, Reacción electroquímica, and Dégradation électrochimique

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Pollution atmosphérique due à l'industrie des combustibles et à leur utilisation, Air pollution caused by fuel industries, Réduction de la pollution, Pollution reduction, Traitement des fumées et des gaz industriels, Stack gas and industrial effluent processing, Pollution, Pollution atmosphérique, Atmospheric pollution, Méthodes de prévention et d'épuration, Prevention and purification methods, Combustion et production d'énergie, Combustion and energy production, Composé organique, Organic compounds, Compuesto orgánico, Métal transition, Transition metal, Metal transición, Benzène, Benzene, Benceno, Biomasse, Biomass, Biomasa, Catalyse hétérogène, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catálisis heterogénea, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé aromatique polycyclique, Polycyclic aromatic compound, Compuesto aromático policíclico, Composé aromatique, Aromatic compound, Compuesto aromático, Conversion catalytique, Catalytic conversion, Conversión catalítica, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Epuration effluent gazeux, Flue gas purification, Depuración efluente gaseoso, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Gazéification, Gasification, Gasificación, Hydrocarbure, Hydrocarbon, Hidrocarburo, Naphtalène, Naphthalene, Naftaleno, Nickel, Niquel, Pyrolyse, Pyrolysis, Pirólisis, Taux conversion, Conversion rate, Factor conversión, Traitement déchet, Waste treatment, Tratamiento desperdicios, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, and Tratamiento térmico

Medical oncology, Cancérologie, Radiology, nuclear medicine, Radiologie, médecine nucléaire, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Tumeurs, Tumors, Traitement. Généralités, Treatment. General aspects, Traitement par agents physiques, Treatment with physical agents, Radiothérapie et radiosensibilisant, Radiation therapy and radiosensitizing agent, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Dose fractionnée, Fractionated dose, Dosis fraccionada, Dose rayonnement, Radiation dose, Dosis irradiación, Dose unique, Single dose, Dosis única, Homme, Human, Hombre, Multiplication cellulaire, Cell proliferation, Multiplicación celular, Radiosensibilité, Radiosensitivity, Radiosensibilidad, Radiothérapie, Radiotherapy, Radioterapia, Récidive, Relapse, Recaida, Traitement, Treatment, Tratamiento, Tumeur maligne, Malignant tumor, and Tumor maligno

Background: The growth kinetics of tumors after irradiation (Figure 1) is defined by cells surviving with delayed reproductive death (DRD). The prediction of radiation sensitivity of locally recurrent tumor growth is among other factors dependent on the knowledge of the impact of fractionated irradiation on these surviving cells with DRD. Short recovery effects can be estimated in vitro by comparing the difference of the medians of the distributions of clone sizes, the median clone sizes difference (MCD) after single and split exposure irradiation of the progenitor cells. Materials and Methods: CHO-cells of a sub clone of the line T71 have a spontaneous cell loss rate of < 5%. The cells were irradiated a) by a single exposure 3 hours after synchronization and b) by a fractionated irradiation of half the exposure of a 200-kVp radiation exposure 3 hours and 6 hours after synchronization, respectively. Clone survival was determined (Figure 2). As function of dose and incubation time the distributions of clone sizes and the MCD were determined by tapping the clone cells in microscopic projections. Results: The radiation sensitivity E1 of the DRD can be defined as the proportional factor of the linear relationship between the MCD on one side and the dose K x the cell division factor m on the other side. E1 is dependent on the age of the cells during irradiation (Figure 3) and the cell line (Table 1). The slope of the dually logarithmic growth curve of the cell population is: s = 1 - E1.K. Experimentally E1 was found to be equal for single and split dose irradiation (Figures 4 and 5) and amounted to E1 = 0.065 with sd = ± 0.004. - Literature analysis for the mathematical estimation of E1.K (Figure 6) was based on reports of measurements of the local tumor recurrence growth of carcinomas and sarcomas of rodents and pulmonary metastases of sarcomas in humans, respectively, after fractional irradiation. We obtained values of 0 ≤ E1.K ≤0.77 (Table 2). Values for E1 are independent of the dose and lie considerably below data derived from in-vitro measurements of different cell cultures. Conclusions: Since recurrence kinetics of tumors are determined by the radiation sensitivity E1of the DRD, E1 can be used for estimating the kinetics of tumor recurrence. As lately described, MCD is linearly proportional to the micro-nucleus frequency [12]. Determinations of the micro-nucleus frequencies in tumor cell biopsies pre and post radiation onset offer the option for developing a fast predictive assay. Organ malformations of embryos after exposition to ionizing radiation can be mathematically deduced by DRD to the partial cell mortality.

Energy, Énergie, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Combustibles, Fuels, Transformation des combustibles. Carbochimie et pétrochimie, Fuel processing. Carbochemistry and petrochemistry, Transformation des combustibles solides (charbon, coke, lignite, tourbe, bois, etc.), Solid fuel processing (coal, coke, brown coal, peat, wood, etc.), Energie naturelle, Natural energy, Biomasse, Biomass, Biomasse, Biomass, Biomasa, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Craquage catalytique, Catalytic cracking, Craqueo catalítico, Déchet urbain, Urban waste, Desperdicio urbano, Gazéification, Gasification, Gasificación, Lit fluidisé, Fluidized bed, Lecho fluidizado, Traitement déchet, Waste treatment, and Tratamiento desperdicios

With the new regulations for treatment of urban waste (TA Siedlungsabfall) becomming effective, different measures have to be introduced. Waste products with a content of more or equal to 5 percent on organic materials are to be collected separatly and are to be processed and disposed of in an environmentally friendly way. One solution is the thermal waste disposal. Important arguments speak in favor of gasifying the biomass to achieve a higher electric power / heat ratio.The process which is here presented will demonstrate a way which uses recent findings on the reaction kinetics of the biomass gasification process and implements the conversion into motorically utilizable gaseous components in several, coordinated steps. The gasification process is a combined process as a parallel operation of solid bed gasification of the biomass and fluidised bed gasification of the charcoal not completely gasified in the first step did not lead to a gas quality necessary for the engine - generator. The second step has the task to condition the gas from the first step, which is not yet suitable as engine fuel. Research has made clear that the charcoal from the first step acts as a perfect natural consumable catalyst that is reproduced constantly. In the fluidised bed the carbon hydrides in the lean gas are split up thermally and catalytically at the charcoal. At the same time the carbon is gasified to approximately 100 percent.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Appareillage et mise en oeuvre, Machinery and processing, Caoutchoucs, Rubber, Moulage et vulcanisation, Moulding and vulcanizing, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad rheológica, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Elastomère, Elastomer, Elastómero, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Moulage extrusion, Extrusion molding, Moldeo por extrusión, Moulage injection, Injection molding, Moldeo por inyección, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Ouvrabilité, Processability, Laborabilidad, Profilé, Shaped piece, Perfil, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Viscosité, Viscosity, Viscosidad, Vulcanisation, Vulcanization, and Vulcanización

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Métal transition Complexe, Transition metal Complexes, Metal transición Complejo, Platinoïde Complexe, Platinoid Complexes, Platinoide Complejo, Acétylacétone, Acetylacetone, Acetilacetona, Buta-1,3-diène, 1,3-Butadiene, 1,3-Butadieno, Carbone dioxyde, Carbon dioxide, Carbono dióxido, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé diénique conjugué, Conjugated dienic compound, Compuesto diénico conjugado, Coordinat organique, Organic ligand, Ligando orgánico, Cycle 6 chaînons, Six membered ring, Ciclo 6 eslabones, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Hydrocarbure, Hydrocarbon, Hidrocarburo, Hétérocycle oxygène, Oxygen heterocycle, Heterociclo oxígeno, Lactone, Lactona, Palladium Complexe, Palladium Complexes, Paladio Complejo, Phosphine tertiaire, Tertiary phosphine, Fosfina terciaria, Recyclage, Recycling, Reconversión, Télomérisation, Telomerization, and Telomerización

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Réacteurs, Reactors, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Catalyse hétérogène, Heterogeneous catalysis, Catálisis heterogénea, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Champ écoulement, Flow field, Campo flujo, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Désactivation, Deactivation, Desactivación, Gaz solide, Gas solid, Gas sólido, Hydrodynamique, Hydrodynamics, Hidrodinámica, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Réacteur catalytique, Catalytic reactor, Reactor catalítico, Réacteur lit fixe, Fixed bed reactor, Reactor lecho fijo, Réacteur tubulaire, Tubular reactor, Reactor tubular, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, and Transferencia masa

This contribution analyses the state of the art in two parts. Based on general quasi-homogeneous and heterogeneous reactor models, their benefits and disadvantages as well as simplification options are discussed, taking into consideration catalyst deactivation. Further on, the article focuses on the issue of model trimming for industrial applications. A distinction is made between process rationalisation and the development of new processes. In process rationalisation, models can be tested/adjusted on the basis of measured values from industrial reactors. This is not feasible when developing new processes. Thus, the major factors influencing the reliability of prediction, such as model assumptions, initial and boundary conditions, mathematical and computation restrictions, chemical kinetics, thermal and mass transport as well as flow distribution, are analysed first. Eventually, this contribution proposes ways of model trimming and resolving problems of scale transfer.

Rheumatology, Rhumatologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Radiotherapie. Traitement instrumental. Physiotherapie. Reeducation. Readaptation, orthophonie, crenotherapie. Traitement dietetique et traitements divers (generalites), Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects), Maladies du système ostéoarticulaire. Traitement orthopédique, Diseases of the osteoarticular system. Orthopedic treatment, Arthropathie, Arthropathy, Artropatía, Genou pathologie, Knee disease, Rodilla patología, Kinésithérapie, Kinesitherapy, Quinesiterapia, Maladie dégénérative, Degenerative disease, Enfermedad degenerativa, Système ostéoarticulaire pathologie, Diseases of the osteoarticular system, Sistema osteoarticular patología, Arthrose, Osteoarthritis, Artrosis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Contraction musculaire, Muscle contraction, Contracción muscular, Efficacité traitement, Treatment efficiency, Eficacia tratamiento, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Exploration, Exploración, Genou, Knee, Rodilla, Homme, Human, Hombre, Membre inférieur, Lower limb, Miembro inferior, Muscle strié, Striated muscle, Músculo estriado, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Rééducation, Reeducation, Reeducación, Traitement, Treatment, and Tratamiento

Problem: To date, therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee is aimed at relieving pain and changing behavior patterns, which usually leads to reduced activity. The weakening of the quadricep's musculature leads to an increase in both joint instability and arthritis. Walking time is prolonged and the pain-induced reaction of knee angle velocity is onset by increased stress on other joints. The progressive muscle atrophy correlates to the degree of pain. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an improvement in strength and pain based on 4-week isokinetic strength training in gonarthritis patients. Method: During a conservative hospitalization period, isokinetic strength training was performed by 19 randomized patients with gonarthritis in addition to regular physiocaltherapy. Another 19 patients functioned as a control group. The work was examined at 60°/s and 180°/s and rated using a pain questionnaire at the start and end of the investigation. Results: In addition to the expected increase of strength and strength endurance in the test group, the degree of pain could also be statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group. Activities of daily living, such as climbing stairs and standing-up, were also performed more easily. Conclusions: The therapeutic strategy for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee should be reconsidered to include less expensive therapeutic sport measures. Angloamerican and Scandinavian studies support this statement. Overuse and pain can be avoided by precise and low-dose strength training. Objective and reproducible measurements in the patients are essential to make individual training possible.

Energy, Énergie, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Etudes théoriques. Données et constantes. Mesures, Theoretical studies. Data and constants. Metering, Combustion. Flammes, Combustion. Flame, Combustion des combustibles gazeux, Combustion of gaseous fuels, Azote oxyde, Nitrogen oxide, Nitrógeno óxido, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Combustion, Combustión, Inflammation, Inflamación, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Méthane, Methane, Metano, Oxydation, Oxidation, and Oxidación

Energy, Énergie, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Etudes théoriques. Données et constantes. Mesures, Theoretical studies. Data and constants. Metering, Combustion. Flammes, Combustion. Flame, Divers, Miscellaneous, Acétylène, Acetylene, Acetileno, Butadiène, Butadiene, Butadieno, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Combustion, Combustión, Composé propargylique, Propargylic compound, Compuesto propargílico, Mécanisme formation, Formation mechanism, Mecanismo formacion, Suie, Soot, and Hollín

Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Industries du sucre, Sugar industries, Betterave sucrière, Sugar beet, Remolacha azucarera, Industrie sucrière, Sugar industry, Industria azucarera, Technologie alimentaire, Food technology, Tecnología alimentaria, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Evaporateur, Evaporator, Evaporador, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Pulpe betterave, Sugar beet pulp, Pulpa remolacha, Sorption, Sorción, Séchage, Drying, Secado, Vapeur surchauffée, Superheated steam, and Vapor recalentado

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie organique, Organic chemistry, Réactivité et mécanismes, Reactivity and mechanisms, Cinétique et mécanisme des réactions, Kinetics and mechanisms, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Etat actuel, State of the art, Estado actual, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Polymérisation, Polymerization, Polimerización, Relation structure propriété, Property structure relationship, Relación estructura propiedad, Réaction gaz solide, Gas solid reaction, Reacción gas sólido, Réaction liquide solide, Liquid solid reaction, Reacción líquido sólido, Réaction solide solide, Solid solid reaction, Reacción sólido sólido, Réaction état solide, Solid state reaction, Reacción estado sólido, Synthèse chimique, Chemical synthesis, and Síntesis química

Reactions involving organic solids are of both fundamental and applied importance. First, they provide a basis for understanding structure-property relationships in crystalline materials, and secondly, they offer opportunities (as yet largely under-exploited) for environmentally-friendly synthetic procedures requiring no solvent. The current state of the art is reviewed with special emphasis on possible practical applications.

Energy, Énergie, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Appareils de production et de conversion d'énergie: énergie thermique, énergie électrique, énergie mécanique, etc, Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc, Foyers. Chambres de combustion. Brûleurs, Furnaces. Firing chambers. Burners, Brûleurs et chambres de combustion à combustibles liquides, Liquid fuel burners and combustion chambers, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Combustion, Combustión, Emission polluant, Pollutant emission, Emisión contaminante, Fonction densité probabilité, Probability density function, Función densidad probabilidad, Kérosène, Kerosine, Queroseno, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Performance, Rendimiento, Turbine gaz, Gas turbine, and Turbina gas

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Industries laitières et fromagères. Crèmes glacées, Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Désactivation, Deactivation, Desactivación, Enzyme, Enzima, Lait, Milk, Leche, Traitement physique, Physical dressing, Procesamiento físico, Très haute pression, Very high pressure, and Presión muy alta