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General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Frange moiré, Moire fringes, Méthode dynamique moléculaire, Molecular dynamics method, Simulation, Surstructure, Superstructure, Superestructura, atomistic and nanoscale simulations, corrugation of graphene, moire superstructures, and molecular dynamics simulations

The accurate molecular dynamics simulation of weakly bound adhesive complexes, such as supported graphene (gr), is challenging because of the lack of an adequate interface potential. Instead of the widely used Lennard-Jones potential for weak and long-range interactions, we use a newly parameterized Tersoff potential for gr/Ru(0001) system. The new interfacial force field provides adequate moire superstructures in accordance with scanning tunneling microscopy images and with density functional theory (DFT) results. In particular, the corrugation of ξ ≈ 1.0 ± 0.2 A is found that is somewhat smaller than found by DFT approaches (ξ ≈ 1.2A) and is close to scanning tunneling microscope measurements (ξ ≈ 0.8 ± 0.3Å). The new potential could open the way toward large-scale simulations of supported gr with adequate moire supercells in many fields of gr research. Moreover, the new interface potential might provide a new strategy in general for obtaining accurate interaction potentials for weakly bound adhesion in large-scale systems in which atomic dynamics is inaccessible yet by accurate DFT calculations.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Adhérence, Adhesion, Fibre carbone, Carbon fibers, Matériau composite, Composite materials, Oxydation, Oxidation, Propriété surface, Surface properties, carbon fiber, composite, electrochemical oxidation, interfacial adhesion, and surface properties

A polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber was electrochemically oxidized in an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution with current density of up to 2.76A/m2 at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen content increased with increasing current density before approaching saturation. The increase can be divided into two regions, the rapid increase region (0-1.78A/m2) and a plateau region (1.78-2.76A/m2). The surface chemistry analysis showed that the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) value of the carbon fiber/epoxy composite could be improved by 24.7%. The carbon structure was examined using Raman spectroscopy in terms of order/disorder in the graphite structure and the results indicated that the relative percentage of graphite carbon in the form of sp2 hybridization increased above a current density of 1.39A/m2. The increasing non-polar graphite carbon on the carbon fiber surface decreased the surface energy. As a result, both the surface free energy (yTS) and its polar component (yPS ) decreased when current density increased above 1.78A/m2. The ILSS value had no direct relationship with the nature and surface density of the oxygen-containing functional groups nor with the carbon structure. It is the surface free energy (yTS ), especially the polar component (yPS ), which played a critical role in affecting the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The ILSS value changed with increasing current density and could be divided into three distinct regions, as chemical interaction region (I), anchor force region (II) and matrix damage region (III).

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Interaction particule surface, Particle-surface interactions, Polissage chimique, Chemical polishing, Polissage mécanique, Mechanical polishing, adsorption, chemical mechanical polishing, fluorescent, particle-surface interaction, and zeta potential

The influence factor for polystyrene based fluorescent particles' adsorption on Cu surface in liquid environment was investigated. The fluorescent particles with a size of 100 nm were used as the adsorbing particle for avoiding the disturbance to the adsorption result. The contrast between the fluorescent image and SEM image showed that there was a one-to-one correspondence between the fluorescent spot and the particle. This revealed the method of counting the fluorescent spot to obtain the adsorbing particle result is accurate. Zeta potential and ionic strength would affect the value of electrical double layer force. And the electrical double layer force and Van der Waals force between particles and surface determined the behavior of particles when particles got close to Cu surface. Results showed that particle adsorption on Cu surface was linear to the multiply of zeta potential for particles and Cu surface. Also, the influence of ionic strength on fluorescent particle adsorption was investigated. Finally, the quantitative description between zeta potential, ionic strength and particle adsorption was given.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Borate, Borates, Composition chimique, Chemical composition, Electrolyte solide, Solid electrolytes, Lithium, Li, electrolyte, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium-ion battery, solid electrolyte interphase, and sulfolane

To discuss the source of sulfolane (SL) in decreasing the interface resistance of Li/mesophase carbon microbeads cell with lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB)-based electrolyte, the morphology and the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of carbonaceous anode material have been investigated. Compared with the cell with 0.7 mol I-' LiBOB-ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1, v/v) electrolyte, the cell with 0.7moll-1 LiBOB-SL/EMC (1:1, v/v) electrolyte shows better film-forming characteristics in SEM (SEI) spectra. According to the results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS, and density functional theory calculations, SL is reduced to Li2SO3 and LiO2S(CH2)8SO2Li through electrochemical processes, which happens prior to the reduction of either ethylene carbonate or EMC. It is believed that the root of impedance reduction benefits from the rich existence of sulfurous compounds in SEI layer, which are better conductors of Li+ ions than analogical carbonates.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Faisceau ion, Ion beams, Profil profondeur, Depth profiles, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, SIMS, Cs sputtering, Irganox, O2 sputtering, and depth profiling

Depth profiling of an organic reference sample consisting of Irganox 3114 layers of 3 nm thickness at depths of 51.5,104.5, 207.6 and 310.7 nm inside a 412 nm thick Irganox 1010 matrix evaporated on a Si substrate has been studied using the conventional Cs+ and (O+2)as sputter ion beams and Bi+ as the primary ion for analysis in a dual beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. The work is an extension of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards project on depth profiling of organic multilayer materials. Cs+ ions were used at energies of 500 eV, 1.0 keV and 2.0 keV and the (O+2); ions were used at energies of 500 eV and 1.0 keV. All four Irganox 3114 layers were identified clearly in the depth profile using low mass secondary ions. The depth profile data were fitted to the empirical expression of Dowsett function and these fits are reported along with the full width at half maxima to represent the useful resolution for all the four delta layers detected. The data show that, of the conditions used in these experiments, an energy of 500 eV for both Cs+ beam and O+2 beam provides the most useful depth profiles. The sputter yield volume per ion calculated from the slope of depth versus ion dose matches well with earlier reported data.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Carbure de silicium, Silicon carbide, Silicio carburo, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Contrainte résiduelle, Residual stresses, Traitement surface, Surface treatments, C Si, SiC, TiC, laser, residual stress, and surface treatment

Laser surface treatment of Rene 41 high-performance alloy is carried out with the presence of hard particles at the surface. B4C and SiC particles are uniformly distributed within 40μm carbon film at the workpiece surface prior to laser treatment process. The effect of hard particles on residual stress and microhardness variations is investigated at the treated surface. Morphological and metallurgical changes in the treated layer are examined by using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Residual stress formed at the surface is determined from the X-ray data. It is found that the treated surface is free from asperities such as large size voids and cracks. A dense layer is formed in the surface region, which causes volume shrinkage while contributing to microhardness and residual stress enhancement at the surface. B4C hard particles result in the highest residual stress and microhardness at the surface, which is attributed to its high thermal expansion coefficient.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Magnésium, Magnesium, Oxydation, Oxidation, Phosphate, Phosphates, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Mg, corrosion resistance, immersion test, magnesium, micro-arc oxidation, and potentiodynamic polarization

Magnesium and its alloys have been suggested as potential absorbable implant materials due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Current researchers focus on reducing the rapid corrosion rate of Mg and its alloys by alloying and surface modification. To improve the corrosion resistance, pure Mg is modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in phosphate electrolyte containing sodium hydroxide and its properties are compared with those formed using only phosphate or sodium hydroxide as electrolytes. A uniform and stable coating layer is formed on Mg after MAO treatment in phosphate electrolyte containing sodium hydroxide. The corrosion resistance of MAO-coated Mg is evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization study and immersion test. The results reveal that MAO coating enables a good improvement in corrosion resistance, and among them, coatings treated using phosphate electrolyte containing sodium hydroxide offer the best performance.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Métal transition, Transition elements, Zinc, Zn, coating, phosphating, sealer, surface, and tannin

This paper reports an investigation into the use of condensed black wattle tannin as an environmental friendly sealer after zinc phosphating of carbon steel. In order to verify the sealer efficiency against corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarisation and salt spray tests were performed. To verify the pore modifications and phase compositions, SEM, electron dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out. The influence of the sealer on the adherence of finishing coatings was analysed. The results show that the tannin/sealer did not affect the final coating adhesion and improved the corrosion resistance of sealed samples.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Apatite hydroxylée, Hydroxyapatite, Hidroxiapatito, Carbone, Carbon, Diamant, Diamonds, Matériau composite, Composite materials, C, carbon/carbon composites, coating, diamond like carbon, and hydroxyapatite

The biomedical application of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites is limited by lacking bioactivity and releasing carbon debris. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has been used to improve the bioactivity of C/C composites, but it cannot reduce the release of carbon debris effectively because of poor wear resistance property. In this work, a wear-resistant layer of diamond like carbon (DLC) is applied on C/C composites, followed by an ultrasound-assisted electrochemical deposition to prepare HA coatings. The microstructure, morphology and chemical composition of the DLC layer and the HA coating are characterised by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectrum. The bonding strength between the HA coating and the DLC layer modified C/C composites is examined by a tensile test. The results show that the DLC layer has a spherical morphology and provides a uniform surface for the deposition of the HA coating. The HA coating shows flaky morphology with a compact structure. The tensile strength of the HA coating on the DLC layer modified C/C composites is 6.24 ± 0.40 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of HA coating on unmodified C/C composites(3.04 ± 0.20 MPa).

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Calcul ab initio, Ab initio calculations, Coadsorption, Coadsorción, Dissociation, Fer, Iron, Méthode fonctionnelle densité, Density functional method, Réseau cubique centré, BCC lattices, Réseau cubique face centrée, FCC lattices, Fe, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, alloy film, co dissociation, density functional theory, ensemble effect, and ligand effect

Direct CO dissociation is seen the main path of the first step in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) on the reactive iron surfaces. Cu/Fe alloy film is addressed with various applications over face-centered-cubic (fcc)-Cu and body-centered-cubic (bcc)-Fe in the FTS, i.e. preventing iron carbide formation (through direct CO dissociation) by moderating the surface reactivity and facilitating the reduction of iron surfaces, respectively. In this study by density functional theory, the stable configurations of CO molecule on various Cu/Fe alloys over fcc-Cu(100) and bcc-Fe(100) surfaces with different CO coverage (25% and 50%) have been evaluated. Our results showed that the ensemble effect plays a fundamental role to CO adsorption energy on the surface alloys over bcc-Fe(100); on the other hand, the ligand effect determines the CO stability on the fcc-Cu(100) surface alloys. CO dissociation barrier was also calculated on the surface alloys that showed although the CO dissociation process is thermodynamically possible on the more reactive surface alloys, but according to their high barrier, CO dissociation does not occur directly on these surfaces.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Nanostructure, Nanostructures, Oxyde d'aluminium, Aluminium oxide, Aluminio óxido, Silicium, Silicon, Al O, Al2O3, Si, Si nanomaterials, anodic alumina membranes, and non-through-hole

A facile method was proposed to synthesise unique one-dimensional Si quasi-belt nanomaterials using non-through-hole anodic alumina membranes (AAMs) templating. Combined with the chemical vapor deposition technique, silane gas reacted with the AgN03 solution within AAM pores. The morphology of the resulting Si nanomaterials was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence experiments. The results indicated the formation of quasi-belt structures composed of small grains. The synthesis mechanism was also analysed.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Asymétrie, Asymmetry, Particule chargée, Charged particles, Plasmon, Plasmons, interference effects, in―out asymmetry, and plasmon excitation

We investigate the excitation of plasmons by a fast charged particle moving in the vicinity or traversing the surface of a solid along an arbitrary trajectory. We use both quantum-mechanical and semiclassical dielectric formulations to study how the particle couples with the bulk and surface excitations. We pay special attention to the differences and similarities between incoming and outgoing trajectories, finding some novel oscillatory structures that can be ascribed to an interference effect between direct and reflected plasmon excitations.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Microscopie force atomique, Atomic force microscopy, Module Young, Young modulus, Young's modulus, atomic force microscopy, blastomere, embryo, and mechanical properties

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to directly investigate the morphology and mechanical properties of blastomeres during the embryo development. With AFM imaging, the surface topography of blastomeres from two-cell, four-cell, and eight-cell stages was visualized, and the AFM images clearly revealed the blastomere's morphological changes during the different embryo developmental stages. The section measurements of the AFM topography images of the blastomeres showed that the axis of the embryos nearly kept constant during the two-cell, four-cell, and eight-cell stages. With AFM indenting, the mechanical properties of living blastomeres from several embryos were measured quantitatively under physiological conditions. The results of mechanical properties measurements indicated that the Young's modulus of the two blastomeres from two-cell embryo was different from each other, and the four blastomeres from the four-cell embryo also had variable Young's modulus. Besides, the blastomeres from two-cell embryos were significantly harder than blastomeres from four-cell embryos. These results can improve our understanding of the embryo development from the view of cell mechanics.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Stabilité thermique; effets thermiques, Thermal stability; thermal effects, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Rhéologie, Rheology, Types de matériaux, Material types, Mélanges de polymères, Polymer blends, Couche mince, Thin films, Effet concentration, Quantity ratio, Hydrogène, Hydrogen, Iode, Iodine, Matériau poreux, Porous materials, Miscibilité, Miscibility, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Phtalamide polymère, Phthalamide polymer, Ftalamida polímero, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Résistance mécanique, Mechanical strength, Silicium, Silicon, Sodium, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), structured films, surface properties, and thermal stability of coatings

Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) is a resistant to high temperatures and chemically stable engineering material. The application as coatings and membranes, however, is limited by its poor interaction with other materials. In this report, we describe the molecular modification of PMIA through reaction with dimsyl sodium and 2-iodine-1-ethanol. The substitution of 58% of amide hydrogen by ethanol (etOH) groups produces a material (MPMIA) able to develop regularly structured films on silicon substrate. The morphology of the films is dependent on the ionic strength of the precursory solution. MPMIA starts a degradation process by losing the etOH group. MPMIA has a better affinity with poly(p-cresolformaldehyde) than with a pristine one, increasing the range of composition in which thermal stability and miscibility are observed. Thin films of these blends have different morphologies that vary from nanometric porous to two-phase microstructured grains, according to the composition.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Corrosion, Métal transition, Transition elements, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Titane alliage, Titanium alloys, Zirconium, Zr, FESEM, Ti―13Nb―13Zr, XPS, Zr-DLC, apatite growth, and corrosion

Ti―13Nb―13Zr was coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and zirconium-doped DLC by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and sputtering. The corrosion current of the substrate is not affected after coating, and corrosion potential shifts towards nobler values in Hanks' solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies show that Zr-DLC samples behave like an ideal capacitor. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images after 7 days of immersion show absence of apatite on DLC-coated sample and its presence on Zr-doped DLC, but to a lesser extent as compared with that on the uncoated substrate. XPS and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of samples immersed in Hanks' solution show presence of calcium, phosphorous and oxygen in hydroxide/phosphate form on the substrate and Zr-DLC.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Depôt par pulvérisation cathodique, Deposition by sputtering, Traitement des matériaux et son effet sur la microstructure et les propriétés, Treatment of materials and its effects on microstructure and properties, Ecrouissage, durcissement par déformation; recuit, trempe, revenu, restauration et recristallisation; textures, Cold working, work hardening; annealing, quenching, tempering, recovery, and recrystallization; textures, Interface structure and roughness, Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization, Composé de métal de transition, Transition element compounds, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Couche mince, Thin films, Croissance film, Film growth, Diagramme rotation, Rocking curve, Diagrama rotación, Diffraction RX, XRD, Etat amorphe, Amorphous state, Grosseur grain, Grain size, Magnétron, Magnetrons, Microscopie force, Force microscopy, Microscopía fuerza, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Orientation préférentielle, Preferred orientation, Orientación preferencial, Oxyde de zinc, Zinc oxide, Zinc óxido, Pulvérisation cathodique, Cathode sputtering, Recuit thermique rapide, Rapid thermal annealing, Rugosité, Roughness, Silicium, Silicon, Structure basaltique, Columnar structure, Estructura columnar, Structure cristalline, Crystal structure, ZnO, RTA, TEM, ZnO films, and interfacial characteristic

Highly C-axis oriented ZnO thin film was manufactured by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique on Si (111) substrate. The main objective was to study the influence of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature on the structure and interfacial characteristic of ZnO thin films. X-ray diffraction results showed that the ZnO thin films annealed at 600 °C by RTA technique had a perfect C-axis preferred orientation compared to the other ZnO thin films, and the full width at half maximum of ZnO (002) rocking curve measurements indicted that the RTA-annealed ZnO thin films possessed better crystal structure. Atom force microscopy displayed that the grain size of RTA-annealed ZnO thin films was fine and uniform compared with the as-deposited ZnO thin films, although the grains grew in RTA process and the root meant square roughness was smaller than that of as-deposited films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that there was an obvious amorphous layer between ZnO thin films and Si substrate, but the RTA-annealed ZnO thin films exhibited larger and denser columnar structure and a preferred orientation with highly c axis perpendicular to the amorphous layer.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Chimie surface, Surface chemistry, Couche mince, Thin films, Magnétron, Magnetrons, Oxyde de zinc, Zinc oxide, Zinc óxido, Oxygène, Oxygen, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Structure surface, Surface structure, O, RF sputtering, chemical properties, oxygen flow rate, structural properties, and zinc oxide

Zinc oxide thin films were deposited, by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, on heated and unheated substrates. The oxygen flow rate was varied during deposition, and its effects on the structural and chemical properties of the films were investigated. The films had oriented c-axis growth with nano-crystallite size. Their surfaces manifested columnar microstructure, with a surface roughness that was suppressed by the introduction of oxygen. Chemical analysis showed that deposition under an oxygen atmosphere resulted in substantial reduction of oxygen vacancies, with a corresponding incorporation of chemisorbed species.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Propriétés optiques, spectroscopie et autres interactions de la matière condensée avec les particules et le rayonnement, Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation, Spectres dans l'infrarouge et diffusion raman, Infrared and raman spectra and scattering, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (incluant le cvd activé par plasma, mocvd, etc.), Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced cvd, mocvd, etc.), Infrared and Raman spectra, Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, etc.), Analyse Fourier, Fourier analysis, Carbone, Carbon, Croissance film, Film growth, Diamant, Diamonds, Dureté, Hardness, Dépôt chimique phase vapeur, CVD, Dépôt plasma, Plasma deposition, Effet pression, Pressure effects, Energie liaison, Binding energy, Fullerènes, Fullerenes, Matériau amorphe hydrogéné, Amorphous hydrogenated material, Microstructure, Nanostructure, Nanostructures, Spectre IR, Infrared spectra, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectre transformée Fourier, Fourier transform spectra, Taux croissance, Growth rate, a-C:H, FTIR, Raman, XPS, fullerene-like hydrogenated carbon films, and hardness

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C: H) were prepared by d.c.-pulse plasma chemical vapor deposition using CH4 and H2 gases. The microstructure and hardness of the resulting films were investigated at different deposition pressures (6, 8, 11, 15, and 20 Pa). The growth rate increased sharply from 3.2 to 10.3 nm/min with increasing the pressure from 6 to 20 Pa. According to Raman spectra, XPS, and Fourier transform infrared analysis, the films deposited at the pressure of 6 and 8 Pa have high sp3 content and show typical diamond-like character. However, the microstructures and bond configuration of the films deposited at 11, 15, and 20 Pa have high sp2 content and favored fullerene-like nanostructure. The hardness and sp2 content were shown to reach their minimum values simultaneously at a deposition pressure of 8 Pa and then increased continuously. The film with fullerene-like nanostructure obtained at 20 Pa displays a high Raman ID/IG ratio (∼1.6), and low XPS C 1s binding energy (284.4 eV). The microstructural analysis indicates that the films are composed of a hard and locally dense fullerene-like network, i.e. a predominantly sp2-bonded material. The rigidity of the films is basically provided by a matrix of dispersed cross-linked sp2 sites.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Surfaces solides et interfaces solide-solide, Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques; adhérence, Mechanical and acoustical properties; adhesion, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Traitements de surface, Surface treatments, Reinforced polymers and polymer-based composites, Oxidation, Acide nitrique, Nitric acid, Acrylate, Acrylates, Adhérence, Adhesion, Dépendance temps, Time dependence, Faisceau électron, Electron beams, Fibre carbone, Carbon fibers, Matériau composite, Composite materials, Oxydation, Oxidation, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Résistance mécanique, Mechanical strength, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Structure surface, Surface structure, Surface rugueuse, Rough surfaces, TDS, Température surface, Surface temperature, Traitement(durcissement), Curing, carbon fibers, fiber/matrix bond, interface, nitric acid, and polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)

A time-dependent oxidation of carbon fibers in boiling nitric acid was used to investigate the influence of a modification of the fiber surface properties on the adhesion strength with an acrylate resin cured by electron beam (EB). For each time of treatment, a characterization of the surface topography and the surface chemistry was done (topography at a micrometric and nanometric scale, specific surface area, temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis). The oxidation of the fiber surface in boiling nitric acid created a rough surface, which significantly increased the specific surface area, and also generated a high density of hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acids and lactones in comparison to untreated fibers. The adhesion strength with the acrylate resin cured by EB was measured by a pull-out test. For comparison, an isothermal ultraviolet curing of the matrix was also investigated. The value of the interfacial shear strength, determined by the Greszczuk's model, was increased by the oxidation of the carbon fiber surface for both curing processes, but lower values were systemically obtained with EB curing.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Emissions électronique et ionique; phénomènes d'impact, Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena, Photoémission et spectres photoélectroniques, Photoemission and photoelectron spectra, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Electrodépôt, Electrodeposition, electroplating, Anodisation, Anodizing, Composition surface, Surface composition, Conductivité superficielle, Surface conductivity, Diffraction RX, XRD, Electrolyse, Electrolysis, Fluorure, Fluorides, Matériau dopé, Doped materials, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Méthode mesure, Measuring methods, Méthode électrochimique, Electrochemical method, Método electroquímico, Oxyde de plomb, Lead oxide, Plomo óxido, Oxygène, Oxygen, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Structure surface, Surface structure, PbO2, F- doped, SnO2-Sb2O5 intermediate layer, Ti substrate, XPS, aniline, anode co-deposition, chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalysis, lead dioxide, and pxygen evolution potential

The lead dioxide electrode (PbO2) with Ti substrate and SnO2-Sb2O5 intermediate layer was doped by F- ion through the potentiostatic anode co-deposition method. The content of F in the coating can be controlled by adjusting deposition potential. The effect of F- doping on the composition, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the PbO2 electrode was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurement methods. The results have confirmed that the content of β-PbO2 increases with increasing that of F, and the doping can make the β-PbO2 grains become fine and the electrode surface become smooth; the specific surface areas and conductivity increase, and the initial potential of oxygen evolution shifts toward positive direction compared with the free-doped PbO2 electrode; the oxygen evolution potential increases with the increasing of the F-content in the PbO2 film electrode. The bulk electrolysis result demonstrated that the performances of the F-PbO2 electrode for anodic oxidation aniline have been improved to some extent.