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General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements thermiques, Heat treatment, Traitements thermochimiques et traitements par diffusion, Thermochemical treatment and diffusion treatment, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Alliage base titane, Titanium base alloys, Aluminium alliage, Aluminium alloy, Aluminio aleación, Aluminiumlegierung, Carburation chimique, Carburization, Carburación química, Aufkohlung, Carbure, Carbides, Carburo, Carbid, Composé intermétallique, Intermetallic compound, Compuesto intermetálico, Intermetallische Verbindung, Cémentation, Carburizing, Cementación, Aufkohlen, Plasma, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermochimique, Thermochemical treatment, Tratamiento termoquímico, Thermochemische Behandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, 81.65 Tx; 81.40 Pq, and Intermetallics; TiAl alloys; Plasma alloying; Plasma carburization; Tribology; Carbide

The duplex treatment of plasma carburization on plasma alloyed TiAl with Nb was carried out in order to improve the tribological properties of TiAl. Dry sliding wear behavior of the duplex-treated TiAl was investigated by using pin-on-disk wear testing method with the counterface of a high carbon steel compared with those of untreated and plasma-carburized TiAl. The microstructure of the existed phases in the surface layer and the distribution of the carbon element in the surface layer were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, glow discharge spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the duplex-treated TiAl is effective in enhancing the wear resistance of TiAl due to a low coefficient of friction and a low wear volume. The existence of NbC and Nb2C carbides and excessive carbon are the main contribution to the tribological performance of TiAl. At the same time, an increased thickness in the hardened layer by NbC and Nb2C carbides and carbon element is also effective in improving the tribological performance of TiAl.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Alliage base magnésium, Magnesium base alloys, Aluminium, Aluminio, Application médicale, Medical application, Aplicación medical, Medizinische Technik, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Implant, Implante, Implantation ion, Ion implantation, Implantación ión, Ionenimplantation, Magnésium ion, Magnesium ion, Magnesio ión, Magnesiumion, Plasma, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, 52.75.Rx; 81.65.-b, and AZ31 magnesium alloy; Ion implantation; Wear; Corrosion

The Al ion implantation into AZ31 magnesium alloy is carried out in a MEVVA 80-10 ion implantation system with an ion implantation dose ranging from 2 × 1016 ions/cm2 to 1 ×1017 ions/cm2 at an ion energy of 40-50 keV. The concentration-depth profile of implanted Al in AZ31 magnesium alloy was a Gaussian-type distribution in the depth up to about 840 nm with the maximum Al concentration up to about 10 at.% measured by using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The microstructure, which is composed of α-Mg phase, intermetallic p-Mg17Al12 and MgO phases is observed on the ion implanted samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves in 0.01 M NaCl solution with pH= 12 showed that the increase of corrosion potential and pitting breakdown potential and the decrease of the passive current density are obtained for the Al ion implanted samples. The Al ion implanted AZ31 magnesium alloy with the ion implantation dose of 2×1016 ions/cm2 achieved the high pitting breakdown potential to about -1000 mV(SCE). The wear rate of the Al ion implanted AZ31 magnesium alloy is approximately reduced by 30-40%, compared with that of the unimplanted sample.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Faisceau ionique, Ion beam, Haz iónico, Ionenstrahl, Irradiation, Irradiación, Bestrahlung, Plasma, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, 52.75.Rx; 81.65.-b, and High-intensity pulsed ion beam; Ti6A14V alloy; Wear; Corrosion

The high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) technique has emerged as an efficient tool for surface engineering of materials. In this work, the Ti6A14V alloy is irradiated by HIPIB at an accelerating pulse voltage of 300 kV in a pulse width of 75 ns (FWHM) with an ion current density ranging from 60 A/cm2 to 250 A/cm2under one shot. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the irradiated surface composed of α-Ti phase and p-Ti phase in minor amount retains the original structure of the Ti6A14V alloy. The irradiated surfaces have an increased microhardness of about HV0.25N 4.1 GPa in the modified layers 150-750 μm thick, which depend on the ion current density of 60-250 A/cm2. The wear tests are performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer in which the irradiated samples are rubbed against a hardened Crl2MoV high alloy steel disc (HRC 62-63) under a normal load of 18 N using machine oil as the lubricant media. The wear rate of the irradiated Ti6A14V alloy is approximately reduced by 50-70%, compared with that of the non-irradiated alloy. The electrochemical polarization measurement shows that improved corrosion resistance of the irradiated Ti6A14V alloy is obtained in 1 mol 1-1HCl test solution. We proved that the HIPIB irradiation onto the Ti6A14V alloy results in combined improvement in wear and corrosion resistance.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Chrome nitrure, Chromium nitride, Cromo nitruro, Chromnitrid, Indentation, Indentación, Plasma, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, 68.60.-p, and Coatings; Tribology; Nanoindentation; Nanowear; Nanotribology

This research was involved with comparison study of tribological properties of a-C/Cr(N) multilayered coatings in micro-and nano-scales. The a-C/Cr(N) coatings were deposited on Si wafers and M2 steel substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering of one Cr and two C targets. Cross-section TEM analysis was used to determine the layer periodicity of the coatings. Nanoindentation was used to measure hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E), and also perform nanowear tests. Pin-on-disc tribological tests were conducted to evaluate tribological properties of the coatings in micro-scales. HI E, H3 /E2, and hf/hmax values were calculated for predication of wear performance of the coatings. It was found that the ranking of coating wear resistance was consistent to the order of H/E, H3 /E2, and hf/hmax values. The coating with a periodicity of 4 nm had the highest hardness and the best wear resistance in both nano-and micro-scales.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Verbundwerkstoff, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, Carbone, Carbon, Carbono, Kohlenstoff, Erosion, Erosión, Etat amorphe, Amorphous state, Estado amorfo, Amorpher Zustand, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Plasma, Revêtement composite, Composite coating, Revestimiento compuesto, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Liquid-impact erosion resistance, Nanocomposite coating, Ti-containing amorphous carbon, and Tribological properties

Ti-containing amorphous carbon (Ti-aC) nanocomposite coatings were deposited by using a modified closed field twin unbalanced magnetron sputtering system at a substrate temperature of 100 °C. The resistance of the Ti-aC nanocomposite coatings against liquid-impact erosion (LIE) was measured by using a homemade LIE tester. The coatings exhibited excellent tribological properties with a wear rate of 1.4 × 10-6 m3 N-1 m-1 and are more resistant against liquid-impact erosion compared with 12Cr steel.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Rupture, Fractures, Couche mince, Thin film, Capa fina, Duennschicht, Céramique, Ceramic materials, Cerámica, Keramik, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Fissuration, Cracking, Agrietamiento, Rissbildung, Magnétron, Magnetron, Magnetrón, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Plasma, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Pulverización irradiación, Sputtern, Rupture, Ruptura, Bruch, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Ténacité, Fracture toughness, Tenacidad, Bruchzaehigkeit, 81.15-z; 68.55-a; 68.35.Gy; 81.40.Np; 68.90+g; 81.15.Cd, and Thin film; Structure; Mechanical properties; Film cracking; Toughness; Magnetron sputtering

This article reports on the investigation of cracking of hard, 3-5 μm thick Zr-Cu-O, Zr-Cu-C, Ti-Cu-C and Si-Me-N (Me=Ta, Zr, Mo, W) magnetron sputtered nanostructured films using microindentation measurements. Main aim of this investigation is to determine the interrelationships between the cracking of film, its structure and mechanical properties and to assess the toughness of thin film. Correlations between the formation of cracks, the mechanical properties of film and substrate, structure of film and macrostress σ generated in the film during its growth were investigated in detail. It was found that the resistance of the film to cracking increases with increasing ratio H3f/Ef*2. It was found that (1) the correct assessment of toughness of the thin film requires to investigate the system thin film/substrate as one unit because mechanical properties of the substrate play a decisive role in the formation of cracks, (2) the strongest parameter influencing the formation of cracks is the film structure and its macrostress a and (3) nanostructured films with X-ray amorphous structure and small compressive macrostress (σ≈-0.1 GPa) are very stable against the cracking even at high values of the film hardness Hf exceeding 20 GPa.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Adhaesion, Alliage base magnésium, Magnesium base alloys, Arc plasma, Plasma arc, Arco plasma, Plasmalichtbogen, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Décharge luminescente, Glow discharge, Descarga luminiscente, Glimmentladung, Force adhérence, Adhesive strength, Fuerza adherencia, Haftfestigkeit, Multicouche, Multiple layer, Capa múltiple, Mehrfachschicht, Plasma, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Festigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Arc-added glow discharge plasma depositing; Magnesium alloy; Cr; Ti; Corrosion resistance; Adhesion strength, and PACK- 81 15-Ji

Arc-added glow plasma depositing process is a new surface alloying method. Using this technique, a multi-layer film of Ti-Cr was coated on magnesium alloy AZ91 to improve the corrosion resistance of this material. The composition and microstructure of the coating layer had been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectrum (GDS), and the surface morphology of the film had been surveyed through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The surface micro-hardness was measured. The adhesion strength between film and matrix had been tested by ways of both thermal shocking and sticking-tearing. The corrosion behavior of the coated samples had also been evaluated through neutral salt spray test.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Barrière thermique, Thermal barrier, Barrera térmica, Condition isotherme, Isothermal condition, Condición isoterma, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Faisceau électronique, Electron beam, Haz electrónico, Elektronenstrahl, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Plasma, Revêtement non métallique, Non metal coating, Revestimiento no metálico, Nichtmetallischer Ueberzug, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 61.43; 68.65.Ac, and Thermal barrier coatings; NiAl bond coat; Oxidation resistance; Isothermal oxidation

A p-NiAl coating, deposited by electron-beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD), and followed by post-treatments, was used as the oxidation resistant coating. Isothermal oxidation test was conducted at 1100 °C to study the influence of post-treatments on the oxidation rate of the coating. The oxidation resistance of the coated specimens was improved by approximately twice as compared to the uncoated specimen. This indicates that this kind of coating could be exploited as the protective coating used for high temperature oxidation resistance.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Frottement, Friction, Frotamiento, Reibung, Lubrification, Lubrication, Lubricación, Schmieren, Plasma, Projection plasma, Plasma spraying, Proyección plasma, Plasmaspritzen, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Anti-friction, FeS coating, and Solid lubrication

The plasma spraying technique was used to get the solid lubrication iron sulfide coating on the 1045 steel. The iron sulfide powder, which was employed to spray, was ball-milled with granularity of 40 μm. AFM and SEM were made use of observing and analyzing the morphologies of surface and worn scar of the coatings. A scratch testing machine was utilized to measure the bond strength between substrate and coating. The coating was formed by the accumulation of irregular FeS grains. The bond strength between the coating and substrate was about 32 N belonging to the mechanical bonding. The friction test of the FeS coatings, tested on a ring-on-block tester, showed that the plasma spraying FeS coatings possessed the remarkable friction-reduction performance. The worn failure mechanism of the coatings was flaking off.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Autres traitements de surface, Other surface treatments, Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Adhaesion, Bore nitrure, Boron nitride, Boro nitruro, Bornitrid, Contrainte interne, Internal stress, Tensión interna, Effet composition, Composition effect, Efecto composición, Konzentrationseinfluss, Force adhérence, Adhesive strength, Fuerza adherencia, Haftfestigkeit, Implantation ion, Ion implantation, Implantación ión, Ionenimplantation, Nitrure, Nitrides, Nitruro, Nitrid, Plasma, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Festigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 68.55.Ac; 78.30.Ly; 81.15.Cd; 81.70.Jb, and Cubic boron nitride; Silicon substrate; Ion implantation; Internal stress

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) films were deposited on silicon substrate with boron implanted buffer layer by RF-magnetron sputtering. The most serious problems for c-BN film is high residual stress and low adhesion strength to a substrate. In order to improve the adhesion of the c-BN film, the boron implanted buffer layer was introduced to improve the interface state between the film and substrate. The experiment results showed that the boron implanted buffer layer can reduce the internal stress and improve the adhesion strength of the films obviously. The critical load of scratch test rises to 44.5 N, compared to 7.5 N of c-BN film on the unimplanted silicon. Then the composition and organization of the boron implanted layer was analyzed by XPS. And the influence of boron implanted layer on the internal stress and adhesion strength of c-BN films were investigated.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Frottement, Friction, Frotamiento, Reibung, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Plasma, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, Reducción química, Reduktion, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 81.15.Ef; 81.15.-z; 81.40.Pq, and Iron sulfide film; Plasma source; Ion sulfuration; Friction-reduction; Model

A new plasma source method, low temperature ion sulfuration, was utilized to prepare the FeS film on the AISI 1045 steel surface. The anti-friction property was tested on the ball-on-plate tester and the results showed the film holds the excellent performance. AFM and SEM were adopted to analyze the morphologies of surfaces and wear scars of the FeS film. SAM was employed to detect the surface element distribution with depth. The physical friction-reduction model of the FeS film was formed and was verified by SAM analysis. Results showed that in the course of friction, FeS film formed a dynamic balance between decomposing and recomposing. Therefore the thin FeS film could last a long solid lubrication time.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de matériaux non métalliques, Nonmetallic coatings, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Barrière thermique, Thermal barrier, Barrera térmica, Moteur diesel, Diesel engine, Motor diesel, Dieselmotor, Plasma, Revêtement non métallique, Non metal coating, Revestimiento no metálico, Nichtmetallischer Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 68.60.Dv; 81.15.Rs; 84.60.Bk; 89.30.Aa, and Thermal barrier; Diesel engine; Engine performance

Ceramic coatings hold significant promise in the reduction of wear and abrasion failure in reciprocating and rotary engines for transportation and stationary power. They also have application as thermal barriers to improve the efficiency of the engines, by reducing energy loss and cooling requirements. In this study, the effects of ceramic coating on the performance of the diesel engine were investigated. The research engine was a four-stroke, direct injected, six cylinder, turbo-charged and inter-cooled diesel engine. This engine was tested at different speeds and loads conditions without coating. Then, the combustion chamber surfaces, cylinder head, valves and piston crown faces were coated with ceramic materials. The layers were made of CaZrO3 and MgZrO3 and plasma coated onto the base of the NiCrAl bond coat. The ceramic-coated research engine was tested at the same operation conditions as the standard (without coating) engine. The results indicate a reduction in fuel consumption and an improving effective efficiency of the engine.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Plasma, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Pulverización irradiación, Sputtern, Recuit, Annealing, Recocido, Gluehen, Silicium Carbonitrure, Silicon Carbides nitrides, Silicio Carburo nitruro, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, Tratamiento térmico, Waermebehandlung, 68.60.-p; 78.67.-n; 81.07.Bc, and Silicon carbonitride; Sputtering; Annealing; Photoluminescence

SiCN films were synthesized by reactive sputtering of Si/C composite target in N2, and then annealed at 1200 °C for 30 min in several gases (argon, nitrogen, and hydrogen). Intensive photoluminescence peaks at 355 nm (3.49 eV) and 469 nm (2.64 eV) were found from the sample annealed in H2. Results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersion spectroscopy showed that the enhancement of photoluminescent (PL) properties is due to the change of the microstructure of the films. Using H2 as the protective gas is an effective way to obtain ideal composition and microstructure of the films during annealing treatment.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Effet pression, Pressure effect, Efecto presión, Druckeinfluss, Magnétron, Magnetron, Magnetrón, Plasma, Pression partielle, Partial pressure, Presión parcial, Partialdruck, Pulvérisation haute fréquence, Radiofrequency sputtering, Pulverización alta frecuencia, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Pulverización irradiación, Sputtern, Pulvérisation réactive, Reactive sputtering, Pulverización reactiva, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 68.55JK; 68.55-a, and Nb-Si-N film; Magnetron sputtering; N2 partial pressure

Nb-Si-N films were sputtered by RF reactive magnetron sputtering with various N2 partial pressure in argon and nitrogen gas mixture. The characterizers of Nb-Si-N films were performed with energy dispersive spectroscopy, four-point probe method, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The results reveal that the Nb/Si ratio of Nb-Si-N films decreases as N2 partial pressure increases. The microstructure of Nb-Si-N films is of a nano-composite that consists of amorphous SiNx phase and nano-sized NbN crystallites embedding in amorphous SiNx matrix. When sputtered with high N2 partial pressure there is more amorphous SiNx phase in Nb-Si-N films and the grain size of NbN decreases. High N2 partial pressure is in favor of the growth of hep ε-NbN phase in the Nb-Si-N films. The value of surface roughness of Nb-Si-N films decreases as N2 partial pressure increases.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Alliage base zirconium, Zirconium base alloys, Application médicale, Medical application, Aplicación medical, Medizinische Technik, Argent, Silver, Plata, Silber, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Implant, Implante, Implantation ion, Ion implantation, Implantación ión, Ionenimplantation, Plasma, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Zircaloy 4, 81.05.Bx; 81.40.Wx; 81.65.-b; 81.65.Kn; 82.80.Pv, and Zircaloy-4; Aqueous corrosion resistance; Silver ion implantation; Potentiodynamic polarization

1 x 1016/cm2, 5 × 1016/cm2 and 1 x 1017/cm2 silver ions were implanted into Zircaloy-4 to investigate the aqueous corrosion behavior of samples. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements were employed individually to analyze the valence and composition of the surface layer and the value of the aqueous corrosion resistance of samples with or without implantation in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution (pH = 0). It was found that the implantation damage and the formation of the oxide barrier on the surface layer played two important roles in the aqueous corrosion resistance of samples. The less the implantation damages are and the more the formation of the oxide barrier is, the better the aqueous corrosion resistance of the samples will be. In the present paper, ion implantation improved the aqueous corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 significantly, and the lower the implantation dose is, the better the performance will be.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements thermiques, Heat treatment, Traitements thermochimiques et traitements par diffusion, Thermochemical treatment and diffusion treatment, Carbonitruration, Carbonitriding, Carbonitruración, Karbonitrieren, Couche épaisse, Thick film, Capa espesa, Nanocristal, Nanocrystal, Plasma, Synthèse, Synthesis, Síntesis, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Traitement thermochimique, Thermochemical treatment, Tratamiento termoquímico, Thermochemische Behandlung, 61.10.Nz; 61.82.Rx; 62.20.Qp; 68.55.Jk; 81.65.Lp, and Plasma electrolytic carbonitriding; Ti(CxN1-x) thick film; Nanocrystalline

A novel technique to form Ti(C,N) on titanium, named as plasma electrolytic carbonitriding (PEC/N), is proposed in this paper. The processing is performed by discharge treatments of titanium in an electrolytic solution containing triethanolamine and formamide at 600 V for 0.5-2.5 h using a pulse power supply. XRD, EDAX, and FESEM were employed to characterize the phase component, chemical composition, morphology and grain size of the PEC/N formed films. The results show that the films are composed of Ti(CxN1-x), appearing nanocrystalline and porous, and bond tightly to the titanium substrates. The thickness, ratios of C/N and pores sizes of the films tend to increase with discharge time. When treated for 2.5 h, the film is about 15 μm thick and its hardness is Hv 2083 at the load of 0.2 N.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Deposición física fase vapor, Physikalisches Aufdampfen, Hydrocarbure fluoré, Fluorocarbon, Hidrocarburo fluorado, Imide polymère, Polyimide, Imida polímero, Magnétron, Magnetron, Magnetrón, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Plasma, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Pulverización irradiación, Sputtern, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 68.55.-a: 81.15.-z, and R.F. magnetron sputtering; Fluorocarbon macromolecule; Polyimide; Surface morphology; Growth mode; Growth speed

Plasma treatment and polymerization have been widely applied to modify the surface of polymer materials in the last decades. In this paper, fluorocarbon macromolecules were deposited on polyimide (PI) substrates by R.F. magnetron sputtering with argon gas as plasma, and PTFE as targets. The surface morphology of the deposited substance was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that some segregated grains deposited on the PI substrates tended to be finer, more uniformly dispersed and more round with increasing energy. At certain conditions (1 Pa, 400 W, 60 min), quite uniform nanometer sized particles 40-50 nm have been obtained. Fluorocarbon macromolecules were also observed by Atom Force Microscopy (AFM). They have form of round particles with tendency to grow in vertical direction. They are packed closely to each other. The growth mode of fluorocarbon macromolecule is to be one-dimensional island. The experimental results obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) show that in the range of 60 min, the speed of nanometer sized fluorocarbon macromolecule deposition was constant of approximately 10 nm/min.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Acier rapide, High speed tool steel, Acero rápido, Schnellarbeitsstahl, Corrosion, Corrosión, Korrosion, Faisceau ionique, Ion beam, Haz iónico, Ionenstrahl, Irradiation ion, Ion irradiation, Irradiación ión, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Plasma, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Resistencia corrosión, Korrosionsbestaendigkeit, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, 81.40.Wx; 79.20.Rf; 71.20.Be, and Intense Pulsed Ion Beam (IPIB); High-speed steel (HSS); Microstructure; Wear and corrosion resistance

The structural and phase transformations occurring in the near-surface layers of pre-quenched W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed steel (HSS) after intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) irradiation, as well as their effect on the wear and corrosion resistance of irradiated samples have been investigated. The IPIB consists mainly of Cn+ (30%) and H+ (70%), with high beam current densities of 80-160 A/cm2, an acceleration voltage of 250 kV and pulse duration of 70 ns. Samples were bombarded with 1, 3 and 5 pulses. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that after IPIB irradiation the initial martensite in the near-surface layers of HSS changed into austenite where residual stresses were produced also. Refined crystal grains in the near-surface layer with a thickness up to ∼ 2 μm were also observed. Redistribution and interlace of dislocations in the irradiated samples were generated due to the impact of the shock wave. With increasing number of pulses, liquid-phase dissolution of the M6C carbides occurred in the near-surface layer and nanocrystalline MC was produced. This process results in a decrease of martensite crystal (a-phase), an increase of the austenite (γ-phase) and dispersion of the carbides. The wear resistance of the HSS was improved by a factor of 2 due to the formation of metastable nanocrystalline phases, the presence of residual stresses and the redistribution of dislocations. Corrosion resistance of HSS was also improved after IPIB irradiation.

General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Nettoyage. Dégraissage. Décapage, Cleaning. Degreasing. Pickling, Air, Aire, Luft, Etain oxyde, Tin oxide, Estaño óxido, Zinnoxid, Nettoyage surface, Surface cleaning, Limpieza superficie, Oberflaechenreinigen, Plasma, Soufflage air, Air blowing, Soplado aire, Luftblasen, Traitement sous vide, Vacuum treatment, Tratamiento en vacío, Vakuumverfahren, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, 81.65Cf; 52.77Bn, and Atmospheric air plasma; Air blowing; Vacuum plasma treatment; ITO cleaning; In-line process

Atmospheric air plasma treatment is being investigated as an alternative to a conventional oxygen (O2) vacuum plasma process for cleaning ITO. We devised an atmospheric air barrier plasma system and used only an ambient air as discharge gas. In particular, we used the steady-state airflow to generate more atomic oxygen radicals during surface treatment of ITO and adopted the discharge image method for proofing the steady-state airflow effect. After the atmospheric air plasma treatment, the treated ITO substrates were investigated by contact angle measurement and by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the atmospheric air plasma treatment was quite effective in removing organic contamination on the ITO surface, causing a reduction in contact angle. The XPS examination indicated that the adoption of the atmospheric air plasma treatment reduced the surface content of carbon from 22.1% down to 8.5% and increased that of oxygen from 43% up to 57%. We also showed that OLED fabricated from the atmospheric air plasma treated ITO exhibited superior brightness. Consequently, we can effectively remove carbon contamination and increase the work function of ITO surface by means of atmospheric air plasma treatment with steady-state airflow.