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Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Agronomie générale. Phytotechnie, General agronomy. Plant production, Multiplication végétative. Semis et plantation. Récolte, Vegetative propagation. Sowing and planting. Harvesting, Récolte. Après récolte. Stockage, Harvesting. Postharvest. Storage, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Dérivé du pyrrole, Pyrrole derivatives, Pirrol derivado, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Tenebrionidae, Contreplaqué, Plywood, Contrachapeado, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Chlorfenapyr, Efficacy, Treated surfaces, and Tribolium

The insecticidal pyrrole chlorfenapyr was applied to concrete, vinyl tile, and plywood surfaces, at an application rate of 1.1 g AI m-2. Adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and adult Tribolium confusum (Du Val), the confused flour beetle, were exposed for 2 and 4 h, removed, and held without food for 7 d post-exposure. All beetles survived the initial exposures, but survival of both species decreased during the 7-d holding period, with T. confusum being the more susceptible species. Survival was generally lower on concrete than on tile or plywood, and was greatly reduced on all three surfaces after 4h of exposure compared to 2h. Survival of T, castaneum after 2 h of exposure on concrete, tile, and plywood was 2.5±2.5%, 25.5±15.4%, and 40.0±7.1%, respectively, after 7d. In contrast, all T. confusum exposed on concrete and tile were dead after 4 and 5d, respectively, while survival on plywood after 7d was 20.0±16.8%. After 4 h of exposure, all T. castaneum and T. confusum exposed on concrete and tile were dead after 2-4 d post-exposure, while survival on plywood after 7d was 41.5±6.4% and 0 for each species, respectively. Non-linear and linear regressions were fit to the data for both species. Results show exposure to chlorfenapyr is effective against T. castaneum and T. confusum, but efficacy will vary depending on the surface substrate.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arachnida, Arthropoda, Invertebrata, Acari, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Diatomite, Diatomita, Efficacité traitement, Treatment efficiency, Eficacia tratamiento, Etude en laboratoire, Laboratory study, Estudio en laboratorio, Insecta, Lutte antidéprédateur, Pest management, Manejo de plagas, Stockage, Storage, Almacenamiento, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Diatomaceous earths; Structure treatments; Storage beetle, and moth and mite pests

The efficacy of dry dust and slurry applications of Silico-sec® and Diasecticide, applied to glass and plastic surfaces, was assessed in the laboratory against the beetles Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, the mites Acarus siro and Lepidoglyphus destructor, and against larvae of the moth Ephestia kuehniella. For the insects, doses of 5, 10 and 20g/m2 were evaluated for all preparations, while for the mites 0.5, 1 and 2g/m2 of the dry dusts, and 2.5, 5 and 10g/m2 of the slurries were assessed. Mortality was evaluated after 7 days and 24 for the insects and mites, respectively, in conditions of 15°C and 80% r.h., chosen to represent typical UK conditions immediately after harvest. The Silico-sec® dry dust was the most effective treatment with mean mortalities ranging from 93-100% for all the pest species at all doses. The Diasecticide dry dust was ineffective against T. castaneum and S. granarius with mean mortalities ranging from 86-98% for the other species at the highest dose. With both DEs the slurry applications were generally less effective than the dry dusts at equivalent doses. Oryzaephilus surinamensis was the least tolerant insect species and S. granarius and T. castaneum the most tolerant. The mite A. siro was less tolerant than L. destructor.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Tenebrionidae, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Formulation, Formulación, Hormone juvénile analogue, Juvenile hormone analogue, Hormona juvenil análogo, Produit nouveau, New product, Producto nuevo, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Control, Hydroprene, and Treated surfaces

Three separate,experiments were conducted to: (1) evaluate two new commercial formulations (202-080 and 202-084) of the insect growth regulator hydroprene, (2) determine residual efficacy of hydroprene-treated concrete stored at different environmental conditions, and (3) assess the impact of accumulated flour on residual efficacy. In the first test, late instars of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum (du Val), the confused flour beetle, were exposed on concrete treated with hydroprene. At 40% relative humidity (r.h.), there was no difference between species regarding the percentage of individuals that stopped development in the larval stage (arrested larvae), but at 75% r.h. there were more arrested T. castaneum than T confusum in all treatments except the low rate of formulation 202-084. No adult T. castaneum lived after emergence (live adults) at either relative humidity, but the percentage of live adult T. confusum ranged from 1.0% to 41.0%, depending on treatment. In the second test, late instars of T. confusum were exposed at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment on concrete treated with the two experimental formulations and stored under different environmental conditions. At 6 weeks there was no difference between formulations. At 12 weeks, fewer live adults and more dead emerged adults with gross morphological deformities were found on concrete treated with formulation 202-084 and stored at 32°C, 75% r.h. compared to other treatment combinations. In the final experiment, wheat flour was added to treated concrete for 5 weeks before the bioassays were conducted with late-instar T. confusum. There were few live adults produced in the initial bioassays, and dead adults with gross morphological deformities ranged from 83.1% to 97.65%. However, in bioassays conducted with late-instar larvae at 6 weeks, most adults eventually emerged with few deformities. The presence of the flour apparently compromised residual control and the hydroprene was no longer effective. In summary, the new hydroprene formulations were equivalent to the registered product Gentrol®. Tribolium confusum was less susceptible than T. castaneum, and residual control of T confusum on a clean surface without flour lasted about 6-12 weeks.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Carbamate, Carbamato, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Liposcelidae, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Psocoptera, Pyréthrinoïde, Pyrethroids, Piretrinoide, Acier galvanisé, Galvanized steel, Acero galvanizado, Béton, Concrete, Hormigón, Carbaryl(pesticide), Carbarilo(plaguicida), Deltamethrin, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Infestation, Infestación, Lutte antidéprédateur, Pest management, Manejo de plagas, Lutte chimique, Chemical control, Lucha química, Mortalité, Mortality, Mortalidad, Perméthrine, Permethrin, Permetrina, Résidu, Residue, Resíduo, Stockage, Storage, Almacenamiento, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, and Liposcelis bostrychophila

Residual toxicities of carbaryl, deltamethrin and permethrin were evaluated as surface treatments on concrete (porous surface) and galvanized steel (non-porous surface) panels (0.3 x 0.3 m2) against adults of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), and Liposcelis paeta Pearman. Residual toxicities of these chemicals were assessed at 30±1°C, 70±2% r.h., and a photoperiod of 12: 12 h (L : D), one day after treatment (0 wk) and thereafter at wk 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and then every 4 wk up to wk 40. Mortality was recorded after exposure periods of 6 h, and then every 24 h until end-point was achieved. Liposcelis bostrychophila was the most susceptible species to the three chemicals tested, followed by L. paeta, and L. entomophila. Deltamethrin on concrete and permethrin on steel were the most successful chemicals, whereas permethrin on concrete and carbaryl on steel were the least successful against all three species. We conclude that for long-term protection, none of the chemicals studied is suitable against any of the three psocid species on concrete storage surfaces. On steel surfaces, only permethrin would deliver long-term protection up to 40 wk against L. bostrychophila and L. paeta infestations. This chemical however, will fail to provide long-term control against infestations where L. entomophila is present.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Déprédateurs des denrées entreposées, Pests of stored products, Invertébrés, Invertebrates, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Composé minéral, Inorganic compound, Compuesto inorgánico, Céréale, Cereal, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Produit naturel, Natural product, Producto natural, Silvanidae, Animal adulte, Adult animal, Animal adulto, Blé, Wheat, Trigo, Denrée entreposée, Stored food product, Producto almacenado, Diatomite, Diatomita, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Efficacité traitement, Treatment efficiency, Eficacia tratamiento, Formulation, Formulación, Humidité relative, Relative humidity, Humedad relativa, Lutte antidéprédateur, Pest management, Manejo de plagas, Lutte physique, Physical control, Lucha física, Mortalité, Mortality, Mortalidad, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Silice, Silica, Sílice, Stockage, Storage, Almacenamiento, Temps exposition, Exposure time, Tiempo exposición, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle, were exposed for 4-72 h on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth (Protect-It), then removed and held for 1 week on untreated wheat. Beetles were exposed and held at 22, 27, and 32°C, 40, 57, and 75% r.h. (nine combinations). Mortality after the initial exposures increased as exposure interval and temperature increased, but humidity effects were inconsistent with temperature. Mortality after the one-week holding period was greater than initial mortality, and also increased as the original exposure interval and the temperature increased. At 22 and 27°C, mortality of beetles exposed from 4 to 24 h at 75% r.h. was significantly lower than mortality of beetles exposed for the same time intervals at 40 and 57% r.h. Nearly all of the beetles exposed for 72 h at all three relative humidities were dead after 1 week. The relationship between exposure interval and mortality was described by sigmoidal and linear regression for both the initial mortality and mortality 1 week after being transferred to untreated wheat. Results indicate that O. surinamensis is susceptible to the Protect-It formulation of diatomaceous earth, and will continue to suffer from the effects of exposure even after they are removed from the treated environment.