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Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Electroénergétique, Electrical power engineering, Conversion directe et accumulation d'énergie, Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation, Conversion électrochimique: piles et accumulateurs électrochimiques, piles à combustibles, Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Appareils de production et de conversion d'énergie: énergie thermique, énergie électrique, énergie mécanique, etc, Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc, Piles à combustible, Fuel cells, Batterie électrique, Electric batteries, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Matériau électrode, Electrode material, Material electrodo, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Pile combustible, Fuel cell, Pila combustión, Production hydrogène, and Hydrogen production

The SizeMat workshop was devoted to the size-dependent phenomena as a promising way to control the properties of materials forming the basis of modern technologies, particularly with regard to clean energy production and environmental protection. The workshop program included the following specific topics: ■ize effects in supported metal catalysts; ■Catalysts activation & deactivation caused by re-dispersion or sintering; ■Novel high surface area sorbents; ■Nanostructural design of composite electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries; ■Material for hydrogen storage at a nano-scale level; ■Microstructural effects in SOFCs.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Structure des liquides et des solides; cristallographie, Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography, Effets physiques d'irradiation, défauts d'irradiation, Physical radiation effects, radiation damage, Théorie et modèles des effets d'irradiation, Theory and models of radiation effects, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Déchets, Wastes, Déchets radioactifs, Radioactive wastes, Cascade, Cascada, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Déchet fortement radioactif, High-level radioactive wastes, Détérioration par rayonnement, Radiation damage, Deteriorización por irradiación, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Gadolinium Titane Oxyde Mixte, Gadolinium Titanium Oxides Mixed, Mixto, Gadolinium Zirconium Oxyde Mixte, Gadolinium Zirconium Oxides Mixed, Gadolinium oxyde, Gadolinium oxides, Méthode dynamique moléculaire, Molecular dynamics method, Pyrochlores, Pyrochlore type compound, Pirocloros, Simulation ordinateur, Computerized simulation, Stockage déchet radioactif, Radioactive waste storage, Titane oxyde, Titanium oxides, Zirconium oxyde, Zirconium oxides, Gd O Ti, Gd O Zr, Gd2Ti2O7, and Gd2Zr2O7

DL_POLY_3 is a general purpose molecular dynamics (MD) simulation package designed to simulate systems of the order of tens of millions of particles and beyond by efficiently harnessing the power of modern computer clusters. Here we discuss the package design, functionality and report on performance and capability limits. We then report the application of DL_POLY_3 to study radiation cascades in Gd2T12O7 and Gd2Zr2O7, potential materials for high-level radioactive waste storage and discuss problems associated with the analysis of the cascades. We see little direct amorphisation but rather the start of a transition to the fluorite structure which is more pronounced for the Zr than the Ti compound.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Matériaux particuliers, Specific materials, Autres matériaux, Other materials, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Electroénergétique, Electrical power engineering, Conversion directe et accumulation d'énergie, Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation, Conversion électrochimique: piles et accumulateurs électrochimiques, piles à combustibles, Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Verres, Glasses, Fabrication, Manufacture, Glass-based composites, vitroceramics, Anode, Anodo, Batterie lithium, Lithium battery, Etain oxyde, Tin oxide, Estaño óxido, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Formation verre, Glass formation, Matériau amorphe, Amorphous material, Material amorfo, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau électrode, Electrode material, Material electrodo, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Verre, Glass, and Vidrio

In recent years increasing attention has been devoted to tin composite oxide glasses (TCO glasses), which are most promising candidates as anode materials in lithium secondary batteries and they are also desirable from environmental viewpoint low melting glasses, sensing elements, non-linear optical materials and coatings. The aim of this paper is to review the studies of SnO-based oxide glasses and to present our experience in developing such amorphous materials. The obstacles in producing such materials are oxidation or disproportionation of SnO at high temperatures. Different techniques were applied to established reproducible methods for the synthesis of Sn-containing glasses. Tin oxide glasses were obtained in the binary systems with classical glass-former oxides: SnO-SiO2, SnO-GeO2, SnO-B2O3, SnO-P2O5, SnO-BPO4 and in oxyhalide systems SnX2-P2o5, (X = F, Cl). SnO essentially improves some technological characteristics of glasses, but many unsolved problems regarding the mechanism of its influence still remain. Depending on the composition, SnO tends to change its behavior from network-modifier to network-former. But the structural role and chemistry of tin in inorganic glasses is still not clearly understood. Our studies were focused on the systems of SnO-P2O5, SnO-P2O5-MO (M = Zn, Ba), SnCl2-P2O5, SnCl2-P2O5-MeCl2 (MenOm). The influence on the quality of glasses of different factors, such as nature of raw materials, the batch preparation and the melting conditions, has been studied. Low-melting stable glasses have been obtained at ambient atmosphere.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Optique, Optics, Matériaux optiques, Optical materials, Verre, quartz, Glasses, quartz, Addition erbium, Erbium additions, Addition thulium, Thulium additions, Codopage, Codoping, Codrogado, Effet concentration, Quantity ratio, Effet thermooptique, Thermo-optical effects, Lentille thermique, Thermal lens, Matériau dopé, Doped materials, Matériau optique, Optical materials, Tellurite, Tellurites, Telurito, Thulium, Verre, Glass, 4265J, and 4270C

Mode-mismatched Thermal Lens (TL) measurements were performed in 70TeO2-19WO3-7Na2O-4Nb2O5(% mol) tellurite glasses doped with either Er3+ or Tm3+ and co-doped with Er3+/Tm3+ ions. Thermo-optical parameters (D, K, ds/dQ and ds/dT) were obtained in function of thulium concentrations (0.39-1.6) ×10 20 ions/cm3. For Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped tellurite glasses, D and K values are practically independent of the Tm3+ concentrations used in this study. The average values of D and ds/dT obtained for tellurite glasses are: (3.1 ± 0.2) x 10-3 cm2/s and (16 ±3) × 10-6 K-1, respectively.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Ethylène téréphtalate polymère, Ethylene terephthalate polymer, Etileno tereftalato polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Non tissé, Non woven material, Material non tejido, Orientation cristalline, Crystal orientation, Orientación cristalina, Orientation moléculaire, Molecular orientation, Orientación molecular, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, and Thermosoudage

In this paper, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) spunbonded fibers with tensile strength of 9.67 cN/dtex and diameter of 7 μm were produced in Nordson's MicroFil™ Spunbond System with a positive attenuator pressure. The influences of the slot width of the attenuator on the properties of PET spunbonded fibers were studied, and Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and Wide-angle X-ray diffraction were applied to characterize the crystalline and orientation structure of PET spunbonded fibers as well. It was found the attenuator with positive air pressure is more advantageous to spin PET spunbonded fiber and the fiber becomes finer and its' tensile strength becomes higher with the decrease of the slot width. The air speed in the attenuator was predicted as well.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères d'origine naturelle, Natural polymers, Amidon et polyosides divers, Starch and polysaccharides, Amidon, Starch, Almidón, Amylopectine, Amylopectin, Amilopectina, Amylose, Amilosa, Caprolactone polymère, Polycaprolactone, Caprolactona polímero, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Lactone polymère, Lactone polymer, Lactona polímero, Module élasticité, Elastic modulus, Módulo elasticidad, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Oside polymère, Oside polymer, Osido polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Relation composition propriété, Property composition relationship, Relación composición propiedad, Relation structure propriété, Property structure relationship, and Relación estructura propiedad

In this work, the influence of three starches (A1, A2 and A3) on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated in PCL/starch blends of 0/100, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 w/w%. The addition of starch to PCL reduced the tensile stress at break, the elongation at break and Young's modulus. The starches with linear chemical structures (A1 and A3) had lower values of tensile strength and higher values of elongation at break. Light microscopy indicated that the starches and PCL were immiscible. Thermal analysis showed that the 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 w/w% blends containing linear starches had greater crystallinity than branched starch, an arrangement that may favor their biodegradation.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Amide polymère, Nylon, Amida polímero, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Filage état liquide, Melt spinning, Hilado estado líquido, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Ouvrabilité, Processability, Laborabilidad, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété technologique, Technological properties, Propiedad tecnológica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Téréphtalate d'alkyle polymère, Alkyl terephthalate polymer, Tereftalato de alquilo polímero, Polymère auxétique, and Triméthylène téréphtalate polymère

Auxetic polymeric fibers have been produced using a melt-spinning technique. The effect of the processing parameters on the fibers has been examined. It was found that the auxetic effect occurs over a very tight temperature window with screw speed, take-off speed and die geometry affecting homogeneity and auxeticity. This is an important finding as it provides a method of producing more homogeneous auxetic fibers with tailored values of Poisson's ratio.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Propriétés de transport (non électroniques), Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic), Diffusion dans les solides, Diffusion in solids, Autodiffusion et conduction ionique dans les non métaux, Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Industries céramiques, Ceramic industries, Céramiques techniques, Technical ceramics, Céramiques électrotechniques et électroniques, Electrotechnical and electronic ceramics, Calcium Néodyme Sulfure Mixte, Calcium Neodymium Sulfides Mixed, Calcio Neodimio Sulfuro Mixto, Calcium sulfure, Calcium sulfide, Calcio sulfuro, Caractérisation, Characterization, Caracterización, Conducteur ionique, Ionic conductors, Conductivité électrique, Electrical conductivity, Conductividad eléctrica, Céramique sans oxyde, Non oxide ceramics, Cerámica sin óxido, Céramique électronique, Electroceramics, Cerámica electrónica, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Effet composition, Composition effect, Efecto composición, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Néodyme sulfure, Neodymium sulfides, Propriété électrique, Electrical properties, Propiedad eléctrica, Relation composition propriété, Property composition relationship, Relación composición propiedad, Solution solide, Solid solution, Solución sólida, Ca Nd S, and Système CaS Nd2S3

The effect of defect ion concentration on conductivity in the CaNd2S4 system has been investigated by varying the CaS:Nd2S3 ratio. Samples with the formula xCaS:Nd2S3 x = 0.7-1.0 have been prepared using solid state methods by high temperature synthesis in evacuated quartz tubes followed by annealing in hydrogen sulfide. The structures of the materials were determined using the Rietveld refinement of powder neutron diffraction data. The phases crystallise with a defect version of the cubic Th3P4 structure in the space group I-43d with cell parameter a ≈ 8.53 Å. Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) in a 5 Vol.% O2/ Ar atmosphere show that the materials resist oxidation up to a temperature of approximately 680 °C. TPO also indicates that there is only one type of sulfide ion present in the system, based on the presence of only one peak in the TPO trace. In-situ impedance spectroscopy was carried out in an Ar and H2S/Ar atmosphere between 300 °C and 500 °C. Bulk conductivities, activation energies and time constants for ion hopping processes were determined. The sample, 0.9CaS:Nd2S3, was found to exhibit three impedance arcs in the Nyquist plot suggesting ionic conduction. The independence of the material's bulk conductivity when exposed to an H2S/Ar atmosphere supports this statement. The xCaS:Nd2S3sample with x < 0.8 show strong electronic contributions to the overall conductivity. The total ionic conductivity for 0.9CaS:Nd2S3 of 1.09 × 10-6 Scm-1 measured at 500 °C, matches conductivity values reported using galvanic cells.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Préparation, cinétique, thermodynamique, mécanisme et catalyseurs, Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts, Polymères à propriétés spéciales, Polymers with particular properties, Alcool copolymère, Alcohol copolymer, Alcohol copolímero, Amination, Aminación, Amine copolymère, Amine copolymer, Amina copolímero, Capacité fixation, Binding capacity, Capacidad de fijación, Copolymère réticulé, Crosslinked copolymer, Copolímero reticulado, Copolymérisation radicalaire, Radical copolymerization, Copolimerización radical, Copolymérisation suspension, Suspension copolymerization, Copolimerización suspensión, Dimension particule, Particle size, Dimensión partícula, Echangeur ion complexant, Complexing ion exchanger, Intercambiador ión formando complejo, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Ion métallique, Metal ion, Ión metálico, Macroporosité, Macroporosity, Macroporosidad, Matériau poreux, Porous material, Material poroso, Modification chimique, Chemical modification, Modificación química, Méthacrylate copolymère, Methacrylate copolymer, Metacrilato copolímero, Méthacrylate de glycidyle copolymère, Glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, Metacrilato de glicidilo copolímero, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Sélectivité ionique, Ionic selectivity, Selectividad iónica, and Diméthacrylate d'éthylène copolymère

Two samples of macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), poly (GMA-co-EGDMA), were synthesized by suspension copolymerization and modified with amines. Initial poly(GMA-co-EGDMA), and the samples modified with ethylene diamine [poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en], diethylene triamine [poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-deta] and triethylene tetramine [poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-teta], were characterized by mercury porosimetry, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The most pronounced increase of specific surface area (75%) was observed for poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-teta sample with smaller particles (D < 150 μm). The Cu(II) sorption was rapid, depending on porosity of amino-functionalized samples and ligand type. For poly (GMA-co-EGDMA)-deta and poly(GMA-co-EG-DMA)-teta sorption half time required to reach 50% of total sorption capacity, t1/2, were around 3 min.Sorption capacities for Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) as well as for Cr(VI), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions were determined under competitive conditions as a function of pH, ligand type and porosity at room temperature. The results indicate selectivity of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-deta for Cu(II) over Cd(II) of 3:1 and for Cu(II) over Ni(II) and Co(II) of 6:1. The decrease in particle size of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-teta caused the increase of sorption capacities for all metal ions. At pH 1.8 the selectivity of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-teta with smaller particles for Cr(VI) over Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) ions was 8.5:1.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Dépôt plasma, Plasma deposition, Depósito plasma, Ethylène(tétrafluoro) polymère, Tetrafluoroethylene polymer, Etileno(tetrafluoro) polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Matériau revêtu, Coated material, Material revestido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Pulvérisation haute fréquence, Radiofrequency sputtering, Pulverización alta frecuencia, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Soie, Silk, Seda, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

This paper describes the surface functionalization of woven silk fabric by magnetron sputter coating of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). The PTFE sputter coating was applied to improve the hydrophobic property of silk fabric. The effects of PTFE sputter coating on surface morphology and surface chemical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ATR- FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The wettability of the fabric was characterized through measuring the surface contact angle by a dynamic sessile analysis (DSA) technique. The contact angle of the PTFE coated fabric showed a significant increase from 68° to about 138°. The experimental results also revealed that larger sputtering pressures brought less contact angle hysteresis.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Propriétés et matériaux magnétiques, Magnetic properties and materials, Propriétés magnétiques des nanostructures, Magnetic properties of nanostructures, Aimantation, Magnetization, Anisotropie, Anisotropy, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Coprécipitation, Coprecipitation, Diffraction RX, XRD, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Fabrication, Fer Manganèse Oxyde Mixte, Iron Manganese Oxides Mixed, Mixto, Fer oxyde, Iron oxides, Ferrites, Manganèse oxyde, Manganese oxides, Méthode en solution, Growth from solution, Método en solución, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticles, Oxyde, Oxides, Propriété magnétique, Magnetic properties, Relaxation magnétique, Magnetic relaxation, Spectrométrie Mössbauer, Moessbauer spectroscopy, Superparamagnétisme, Superparamagnetism, Synthèse hydrothermale, Hydrothermal synthesis, Fe Mn O, and MnFe2O4

Manganese ferrite nanoparticles, in the size range 3.3-9.0 nm, are prepared by a hydrothermal coprecipitation process and peptized in aqueous solution. The magnetization curves recorded at room temperature on diluted colloidal sols allow characterizing the distribution of magnetic moment by using a simple Langevin formalism. Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements performed on powder samples at 77 K exhibit a quadrupolar doublet which intensity grows at the expense of the hyperfine sextet pattern as the nanoparticles mean size decreases. The magnetic dynamics behavior is then investigated by measurements of magnetic hysteretic properties at 5 K and temperature dependence of the zero field cooling (ZFC) susceptibility. The values found for the effective anisotropy constant and the dependence of the irreversibility field, inversely proportional to the reference size, clearly indicate that the magnetic anisotropy of our nanoparticles finds its origin on the disordered surface layer.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Divers, Other topics in materials science, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Alliage résistant corrosion, Corrosion resistant alloys, Corrosion, Dépôt électrolytique, Electrodeposition, Revêtement métallique, Metal coating, Revestimiento metálico, Metallischer Ueberzug, Traitement surface, and Surface treatments

A study to optimize the process parameters for electrodeposition of a Ni-Fe-Mo alloy is reported. A 22full factorial design was successfully employed for the experimental design analysis of the results. The optimum experimental conditions for producing the corrosion resistant alloy were 120mA/cm2 current density, 20 rpm cathode rotation, 9.0 pH at 30 °C. The alloy was deposited at 61% current efficiency, with an average composition of 62 wt% Ni, 17wt% Fe, 21wt% Mo and traces of boron, and with Ecorr -0.506 V, Rp 8.883 x 103 Ohm cm2 and Icorr 6.468 × 10-7 A/cm2. The deposit obtained under these conditions had an amorphous character, good adherence, high corrosion resistance and a nodular morphology. Electrochemical corrosion tests verified that the electrodeposited Ni-Fe-Mo alloy had better corrosion resistance than the Fe-Mo alloy.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Structure des liquides et des solides; cristallographie, Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography, Structure de solides cristallins particuliers, Structure of specific crystalline solids, Composés minéraux, Inorganic compounds, Eau, oxydes, hydroxydes, peroxydes, Water, oxides, hydroxides, peroxides, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Diagrammes de phases et microstructures développées par solidification et par transformations de phases solide-solide, Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations, Diagrammes de phases des autres matériaux, Phase diagrams of other materials, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Electroénergétique, Electrical power engineering, Conversion directe et accumulation d'énergie, Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation, Conversion électrochimique: piles et accumulateurs électrochimiques, piles à combustibles, Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells, Batterie lithium, Lithium battery, Cathode, Cathodes, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Diffraction RX, XRD, Dépendance température, Temperature dependence, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Lithium Manganèse Oxyde Mixte, Lithium Manganese Oxides Mixed, Mixto, Lithium oxyde, Lithium oxides, Manganèse oxyde, Manganese oxides, Matériau électrode, Electrode material, Material electrodo, Oxyde, Oxides, Spinelles, Spinels, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Structure cristalline, Crystal structure, Structure défaut, Defect structure, Thermogravimétrie, Thermogravimetry, Li Mn O, and Li1+xMn2-xO4-delta

The stability field of the Li-Mn-O spinel, Li1 xMn2-xO4-δ, was investigated as a function of temperature, T, cation composition, nLi/nΜn, and oxygen partial pressure, pΟ2, by means of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). In a T-nLi/nΜn phase diagram, the stability field is described by the upper and lower critical temperatures, Tcl and TcL, respectively. Above Tcl, Li2MnO3 is formed as a second phase, and below TcL Mn2O, is formed. Both Tcl and TcL decrease continuously with increasing nLi/ nMn and increase with increasing pO2. The single phase region contains lithium-deficient and lithium-excess spinels, and no discontinuous change of the critical temperature curves was found at nLi/nMn = 0.5, corresponding to LiMn2O4. With the experimental data obtained in this work, a three-dimensional stability field of the Li-Mn-O spinel phase diagram is put forward to describe the relationship between T, nLi/ nMn and pO2. In addition, the upper critical temperature, Tcl, was investigated for spinels doped with Ni, Co and Mg. For all three dopants, Tcl decreases with increasing dopant concentration.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Industries céramiques, Ceramic industries, Céramiques techniques, Technical ceramics, Céramiques électrotechniques et électroniques, Electrotechnical and electronic ceramics, Analyse thermique différentielle, Differential thermal analysis, Análisis térmico diferencial, Caractérisation, Characterization, Caracterización, Conducteur ionique, Ionic conductors, Céramique oxyde, Oxide ceramics, Cerámica óxido, Céramique électronique, Electroceramics, Cerámica electrónica, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Lanthane Lithium Titanate Mixte, Lanthanum Lithium Titanates Mixed, Lantano Litio Titanato Mixto, Lanthane Titanate, Lanthanum Titanates, Lantano Titanato, Lithium Titanate, Lithium Titanates, Litio Titanato, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Méthode en solution, Growth from solution, Método en solución, Nanocristal, Nanocrystal, Nanomatériau, Nanostructured materials, Poudre, Powder, Polvo, Procédé sol gel, Sol gel process, Procedimiento sol gel, Solution solide, Solid solution, Solución sólida, Thermogravimétrie, Thermogravimetry, Termogravimetría, La Li O Ti, and La0,66Li0,33TiO3

Lanthanum lithium titanate, belonging to the solid solution La0.66Li0.33TiO3, was prepared by sol-gel method from LiNO3, La(NO3)3·6H2O and Ti(OC4H9)4 in ideal cation stoichiometry for La0.66- Li0.33TiO3. The synthesized product was characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and thermal analyses (DTA-TG). Electron microscopy investigations (SEM and TEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of synthesized La0.66Li0.33TiO3. The bulk quantities of nano-sized particles of layered La0.66Li0.33TiO3 have been obtained at 1,000°C using the modified sol-gel method. The mean diameter of La0.66Li0.33TiO3 nano-crystals was about 123 nm.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Propriétés optiques, spectroscopie et autres interactions de la matière condensée avec les particules et le rayonnement, Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation, Photoluminescence, Autres matériaux minéraux solides, Other solid inorganic materials, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Industries céramiques, Ceramic industries, Céramiques techniques, Technical ceramics, Céramiques électrotechniques et électroniques, Electrotechnical and electronic ceramics, Bismuth Germanate, Bismuth Germanates, Bismuto Germanato, Céramique oxyde, Oxide ceramics, Cerámica óxido, Céramique électronique, Electroceramics, Cerámica electrónica, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Dopage, Doping, Effet impureté, Impurity effect, Efecto impureza, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Photoluminescence, Fotoluminiscencia, Propriété optique, Optical properties, Propiedad óptica, Radioluminescence, Radioluminiscencia, Réaction état solide, Solid state reaction, Reacción estado sólido, Bi Ge O, Bi4Ge3O12:Eu, Bi4Ge3O12:Nd, and Bi4Ge3O12

The ceramic processing and characterization of Bi4Ge3O12 pure and doped with Eu3+and Nd3+ was performed in order to investigate its potential use in radiation detector devices. Single phase Bi4Ge3O12 in pure state and containing 1% of the dopands Nd3+ and Eu3+ were produced via a solid state route and their photoluminescent and radioluminescent properties were investigated. When excited at 200-230 nm, pure BGO ceramics presented a wide photoluminescent band emission centered at 450 nm, assigned to the Bi3+ internal transitions. For the doped samples under the same excitation, this wide band was superposed by the emission peaks of the rare earth dopands, at around 600 nm for BGO:Eu3+ and at 350 nm, 430 and 600 nm for BGO:Nd3+. Radioluminescence measurements presented similar results and allowed the determination of the light output efficiency of the three scintillators. The values determined were 4×103 photons/MeV for BGO:Nd and 5.9×103 photons/ MeV for BGO:Eu, which are higher than the value 3.9 x 103 photons/MeV determined previously for the pure ceramic. A selective sensibility of the BGO:Eu ceramics to the nature and energy of the radiation, which is not observed in pure samples, was also presented and discussed.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Biomimétique, Biomimetics, Cheveu, Hair (head), Cabello, Etat actuel, State of the art, Estado actual, Fibre animale, Animal fiber, Fibra animal, Fibre artificielle, Artificial fiber, Fibra artificial, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre textile, Textile fiber, Fibra textil, Laine, Wool, Lana, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Protéine, Protein, Proteína, Relation contrainte déformation, Stress strain relation, Relación tensión deformación, Relation structure propriété, Property structure relationship, Relación estructura propiedad, Soie, Silk, and Seda

Part 1 of the paper reviews four categories of protein fibers. (1) Wool and other hairs, which have been used as textiles for thousands of years. (2) Regenerated protein fibers, which were manufactured in the 1950s but did not achieve continued commercial success, and, in the 1990s, fibers from artificially produced spider silk proteins. (3) Hagfish slime threads, as an example of other biological fibers. (4) Silks, from silkworms and spiders. In Part 2, stress-strain curves are compared and discussed in relation to what is known of the structure of the fibers and the mode of formation. Models of the structural mechanics are described. The possibilities for scientific and commercial advances in future are presented in Part 3.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie minerale et origine de la vie, Inorganic chemistry and origins of life, Préparations et propriétés, Preparations and properties, Sels, Salts, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Radiotherapie. Traitement instrumental. Physiotherapie. Reeducation. Readaptation, orthophonie, crenotherapie. Traitement dietetique et traitements divers (generalites), Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects), Technologie. Biomatériaux. Equipements. Matériel. Appareillage, Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments. Material. Instrumentation, Addition chrome, Chromium addition, Adición cromo, Apatite hydroxylée, Hydroxyapatite, Hidroxiapatito, Biomatériau, Biomaterial, Calcium Hydroxyphosphate, Calcium Hydroxides phosphates, Calcio Hidroxifosfato, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Dopage, Doping, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Méthode en solution, Growth from solution, Método en solución, Poudre, Powder, Polvo, Propriété optique, Optical properties, Propiedad óptica, Précipitation chimique, Chemical precipitation, Precipitación química, Préparation chimique, Chemical preparation, Ca H O P, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, and Sonde fluorescente

Pure and Cr3+-doped hydroxyapatite (HAP) were prepared via chemical precipitation route. The XRD measurements revealed that the typical HAP powder pattern was obtained. SEM analysis indicated that aggregates of nanoparticles were formed. EDX analysis indicates that the [Ca]/[P] concentration ratio was higher than the expected values but can be explained by the presence of carbonate groups as dopants. The optical absorption spectra of the doped samples presented absorption bands typical of Cr3+ occupying to different crystalline sites. From the position of the bands, it was possible to estimate the crystal field parameters for both sites of Cr3+ in the HAP matrix. The emission spectra of the Cr-doped samples were also investigated and typical transitions of the dopant ion, in trivalent state, were identified. The potential use of the Cr3+-HAP as fluorescent probes for medical applications was discussed.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Dépôt par faisceau laser, Laser deposition, Addition azote, Nitrogen additions, Caractérisation, Characterization, Caracterización, Composé minéral, Inorganic compounds, Couche mince, Thin films, Croissance cristalline en phase vapeur, Crystal growth from vapors, Diffraction RX, XRD, Dopage, Doping, Dépôt laser pulsé, Pulsed laser deposition, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Haute résolution, High-resolution methods, Microscopie force atomique, Atomic force microscopy, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Oxyde, Oxides, Relation fabrication propriété, Fabrication property relation, Relación fabricación propiedad, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie SIMS, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Espectrometría SIMS, Yttrium oxyde, Yttrium oxides, Zircone stabilisée, Stabilized zirconia, Zircona estabilizada, Zirconium oxyde, Zirconium oxides, 8115F, O Y Zr, and Sysètme Y2O3 ZrO2

The pulsed laser deposition technique was applied to deposit nitrogen-doped yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films. The working parameters were varied in order to achieve a maximal nitrogen content. The films were characterized by SIMS, XPS, X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy. The surface topography was studied by AFM and HRSEM. The influence of the deposition parameters on the film properties is discussed.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Matériaux composites, Composites, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Fibre revêtue, Coated fiber, Fibra revestida, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Mélangeage, Mixing, Mezclado, Méthode phase fondue, Growth from melt, Método fase fundida, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Procédé dépôt, Deposition process, Procedimiento revestimiento, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Pulvérisation haute fréquence, Radiofrequency sputtering, Pulverización alta frecuencia, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Titane IV Oxyde, Titanium IV Oxides, Titanio IV Óxido, and Fibre composite

Titanium dioxide and polypropylene fibers were prepared by melt-compounding and sputter coating, respectively. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) confirmed the presence of titanium dioxide in the fibers. Through the application of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), it was found that incorporating the titanium dioxide by melt-compounding caused severe aggregation of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles at the polypropylene fiber surface. Indeed, coverage of the fiber surface by titanium dioxide was poor. By contrast, the coverage of the sputter coated fiber surfaces was much more consistent, although aggregation of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles still appeared quite extensive. The behavior of the nanocomposite fiber surfaces was investigated using dynamic contact angle measurements by the Wilhelmy technique. Only a small increase in hydrophilicity of the polypropylene fibers was observed after melt-compounding with titanium dioxide, but a larger increase was noted after sputter coating. UV irradiation appreciably enhanced the hydrophilicity of the fiber surfaces in both cases.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Polymère, Polymer, and Polímero