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Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Dépôt plasma, Plasma deposition, Depósito plasma, Ethylène(tétrafluoro) polymère, Tetrafluoroethylene polymer, Etileno(tetrafluoro) polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Matériau revêtu, Coated material, Material revestido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Pulvérisation haute fréquence, Radiofrequency sputtering, Pulverización alta frecuencia, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Soie, Silk, Seda, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

This paper describes the surface functionalization of woven silk fabric by magnetron sputter coating of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). The PTFE sputter coating was applied to improve the hydrophobic property of silk fabric. The effects of PTFE sputter coating on surface morphology and surface chemical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ATR- FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The wettability of the fabric was characterized through measuring the surface contact angle by a dynamic sessile analysis (DSA) technique. The contact angle of the PTFE coated fabric showed a significant increase from 68° to about 138°. The experimental results also revealed that larger sputtering pressures brought less contact angle hysteresis.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Propriété interface, Interface properties, Propiedad interfase, Amide copolymère, Amide copolymer, Amida copolímero, Caoutchouc thermoplastique, Thermoplastic rubber, Caucho termoplástico, Copolymère séquencé, Block copolymer, Copolímero secuencia, Ether copolymère, Ether copolymer, Eter copolímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre aramide, Aramid fiber, Fibra aramida, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Interface fibre matrice, Matrix fiber interface, Interfase fibra matriz, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mode rupture, Fracture mode, Modo ruptura, Polymère aromatique, Aromatic polymer, Polímero aromático, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Spectrométrie Raman, Raman spectrometry, Espectrometría Raman, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Longueur fibre, Twaron, Téréphtalamide p phénylène polymère, and Téréphtalamide(p-phénylène) polymère

The interfacial micromechanics of Twaron 2200 aramid fibers in an engineering thermoplastic elastomer (Pebax 7033, polyether amide block co-polymer) has been investigated by determining the distribution of interfacial shear stress along fibers in single-fiber model composites using Raman spectroscopy. The effects of various fiber surface treatments on the interfacial shear stress and fragmentation of the aramid fibers are discussed. The fiber average stress increased linearly with applied matrix stress up to first fracture. Each composite was subjected to incremental tensile loading up to full fragmentation, while the stress in the fiber was monitored at each level of the applied stress. It was shown that the experimental approach allowed us to discriminate between the strengths of the interfaces in the different surface-treated aramid fiber Pebax matrix systems, but also to detect different phenomena (interfacial debonding, matrix yielding and fiber fracture) related intimately to the nature of stress transfer in composite materials. The efficacy of the surface treatments was clear by comparing the maximum interfacial shear stress with the fragment lengths of the modified aramid fibers. The fiber breaks observed using Raman spectroscopy were not clean breaks as observed with carbon or glass fibers, but manifested themselves as apparent breaks by fiber skin failure. The regions of fiber fracture were also investigated using optical microscopy.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Composite hybride, Hybrid composite, Compuesto híbrido, Ensimage, Textile oiling, Aceitado, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Filage état liquide, Melt spinning, Hilado estado líquido, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube monofeuillet, Singlewalled nanotube, Nanotubo pared única, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Résistance compression, Compressive strength, Resistencia compresión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Developing commingled yam technologies and understanding the fundamental interface nanostructures of reinforcement and thermoplastic filaments are of significant current interest. Previous research on commingled yarns was mainly focused on the air-jet texturing process, while the mechanical properties of the composites are strongly influenced by the impregnation homogeneity, the polymer sizing properties and consolidation process. Here, we report a unique melt spinning equipment for E-glass fiber which is compatibly combined with a melt spinning extruder to manufacture commingled yarns. The in-situ commingling enables to combine homogeneously both glass and polypropylene filament arrays in one processing step and without fiber damage compared to commingling by air texturing. Variation of processing conditions are investigated, i.e. sizings, diameter ratios, and arrangements of sizing/finish application related to intermingling of filament arrays. A rapid processing is achieved because of good intermingling and the low flow paths. We found that the sizing enables a good strand integrity with the polypropylene yarn. The interfacial adhesion can be improved with a sizing for glass fibers consisting of aminosilane and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene film former, which results in both improved transverse tensile strength and compression shear strength. We also found that a very small amount of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the sizing provides significantly improved interfacial adhesion strength. This is attributed to the change in fracture behavior of the nano-structured interface and morphology of the model single-fiber composites.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Adhésivité, Adhesivity, Adhesividad, Benzooxazole dérivé polymère, Benzoxazole derivative polymer, Benzooxazol derivado polímero, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Polymère aromatique, Aromatic polymer, Polímero aromático, Propriété interface, Interface properties, Propiedad interfase, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Benzobisoxazole(p-phénylène) polymère, and Résistance cisaillement interlaminaire

A composite of poly p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber and epoxy resin has excellent electrical insulation properties. However, it is a challenging issue to improve its mechanical properties because of poor adhesion between PBO fiber and matrix. The relatively smooth and chemically inactive surface of PBO fiber prevent efficient chemical bonding in the composite interface. Here, we report the surface modification of PBO fibers by UV irradiation, O2 and NH3 plasma, as well as acidic treatments. We found that the surface free energy and roughness are increased for both sized and extracted fibers after plasma treatments together with maleic anhydride grafting. The sized fiber shows marginal improvement in adhesion strength and no change in fiber tensile strength because of the barrier effect of the finish. For the extracted fiber, however, the tensile strength of the fiber is sensitive to surface treatment conditions and considerable strength reduction occurred, particularly for cases of acidic treatments and UV irradiation. This is because that the treatments increase the surface roughness and introduce more surface flaws. The extracted fiber surface has no adequate wetting and functional groups, which in turn results in coarse interface structures and causes reduction or no apparent variation of the adhesion strength. The fracture surfaces after single fiber pull-out tests exhibit adhesive interfacial failure along the fiber surface, which is further confirmed by similar adhesion strength and interlaminar shear strength values when the fiber was embedded in various epoxy resins with different temperature behavior.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Alvéolaire, Foam(plastics), Alveolar, Bismaléimide résine, Bismaleimide resin, Bismaleimida resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Microballon, Microballoon, Microbalón, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Mode rupture, Fracture mode, Modo ruptura, Mousse syntactique, Syntactic foam, Espuma sintáctica, Méthode étude, Investigation method, Método estudio, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance compression, Compressive strength, Resistencia compresión, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Verre, Glass, and Vidrio

Samples of syntactic foam containing hollow glass microspheres of 0.108 and 0.253 g/cm3 tap densities, some with a silane surface treatment, were subjected to different stress states and examined for failure modes. All foams contained the same volume fraction of APO-BMI, a bismaleimide resin binder. The samples were tested in compression and in three-point bend, and mechanical properties were compared between the various foams. Microsphere strength had a strong effect on overall uniaxial compressive strength with interface strength playing a secondary, yet significant role. In three-point bending, the role of the interface was much more critical. Cross sections of the compression test samples were examined by optical microscopy, and fracture surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Appareillage et mise en oeuvre, Machinery and processing, Matières plastiques, Plastics, Revêtement, métallisation, coloration, Coating, metallization, dyeing, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Microscopie force atomique, Atomic force microscopy, Microscopía fuerza atómica, Microscopie force latérale, Lateral force microscopy, Microscopia fuerza lateral, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Méthode étude, Investigation method, Método estudio, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Ruban, Tape, Cinta, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

This paper highlights the applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to study the effects of argon, nitrogen and oxygen plasma treatments on the topography of polypropylene (PP) tapes. Contrasting surface effects created by the different plasma gases as observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM) and SEM are discussed in detail with images obtained from both AFM and SEM demonstrating the changes in the surface topography.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acrylique acide copolymère, Acrylic acid copolymer, Acrílico ácido copolímero, Argent, Silver, Plata, Copolymère greffé, Graft copolymer, Copolímero injertado, Dépôt plasma, Plasma deposition, Depósito plasma, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre synthétique, Synthetic fiber, Fibra sintética, Greffage, Grafting, Injerto, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Méthode PECVD, PECVD, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Oléfine copolymère, Olefin copolymer, Olefina copolímero, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Propène copolymère, Propylene copolymer, Propeno copolímero, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Traitement par plasma, Plasma assisted processing, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Polypropylene (PP) fibres have an extensive range of applications, including filtration, composites, biomaterials and electronics. In these applications, the surface properties of the fibres are particularly important. This paper presents examples of the use of gas plasma technology to create functional nanostructures on PP fibre surfaces, which render the surfaces hydrophilic. It is also shown how these treatments can be regulated to produce the desired level of hydrophilicity for a given application. Three principal modifications have been performed, to create functional nanostructures: plasma activation with oxygen gas plasma, grafting of polyacrylic acid following argon gas plasma treatment, and plasma-enhanced deposition of silver. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were employed to characterise the morphology, surface structure and composition of the fibres treated by gas plasma.