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Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des solides, Solid mechanics, Mécanique des structures et des milieux continus, Structural and continuum mechanics, Mécanique de la rupture (fissure, fatigue, endommagement...), Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...), Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Constructions métalliques, Steel design, Réservoirs métalliques et enceintes sous pression; chaudronnerie, Steel tanks and pressure vessels; boiler manufacturing, Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks, Analyse contrainte, Stress analysis, Análisis tensión, Analyse structurale, Structural analysis, Análisis estructural, Assemblage soudé, Welded joint, Ensamblaje soldado, Durée vie fatigue, Fatigue life, Longevidad fatiga, Endommagement, Damaging, Deterioración, Fatigue, Fatiga, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode numérique, Numerical method, Método numérico, Méthode élément fini, Finite element method, Método elemento finito, Récipient sous pression, Pressure vessel, and Recipiente bajo presión

The general applicability of local stress and strain approaches for engineering components under cyclic loading conditions is one result of intensive international research activities during the past years and decades. The implementation of these methods within specific design codes is currently in progress and will be a primary requirement of the years to come. One common feature of structural, notch stress and local strain approaches is the necessity of using concept-conforming modeling strategies as one basis of numerical stress and strain analysis. A general strategy emanating from an adaptive nominal weld seam contour is presented and examples for lifetime assessment procedures of welded pressure vessel components are given. Special attention is paid to the consequences of post weld fatigue improvement methods, such as grinding and TIG dressing on the damage process, the modeling strategy and the design approach. Direct comparison of structural details with joints in the as welded condition and submitted to post weld treatment is possible making use of the notch stress approach according to Olivier, Köttgen, and Seeger for the former and the local strain approach for the latter.

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Eaux usées industrielles, Industrial wastewaters, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Généralités, General aspects, Pollution et eaux usées, Pollution and sludges, Analyse coût, Cost analysis, Análisis costo, Centrifugation, Centrifuging, Centrifugación, Eau usée industrielle, Industrial waste water, Agua servida industrial, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Etude technicoéconomique, Technicoeconomic study, Estudio técnicoeconómico, Flottation mousse, Froth flotation, Flotación espuma, Industrie alimentaire, Food industry, Industria alimenticia, Industrie corps gras, Oils and fats industry, Industria cuerpos grasos, Matière grasse, Fat, Materia grasa, Performance, and Rendimiento

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Industries du café, du thé et autres boissons stimulantes, Coffee, tea and other stimulative beverage industries, Traitement thermique, Heat treatment, Tratamiento térmico, Fève café, Coffee bean, Haba café, Torréfaction, Torrefaction, Torrefacción, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, and Transferencia masa

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Etudes théoriques. Données et constantes. Mesures, Theoretical studies. Data and constants. Metering, Transfert de chaleur, Heat transfer, Forme spirale, Spiral shape, Forma espiral, Perte charge, Pressure drop, Pérdida carga, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, Tube, and Tubo

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Eaux usées industrielles, Industrial wastewaters, Amide polymère, Nylon, Amida polímero, Détergent, Detergent, Detergente, Eau usée industrielle, Industrial waste water, Agua servida industrial, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Ethersulfone polymère, Ethersulfone polymer, Etersulfona polímero, Filtration sur membrane, Membrane filtration, Filtración membrana, Industrie chimique, Chemical industry, Industria química, Membrane polymère, Polymeric membrane, Membrana polímero, Minimisation coût, Cost minimization, Minimización costo, Nanofiltration, Nanofiltración, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Performance, Rendimiento, Séparation par membrane, Membrane separation, Separación por membrana, Ultrafiltration, and Ultrafiltración

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (incluant le cvd activé par plasma, mocvd, etc.), Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced cvd, mocvd, etc.), Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Etat colloïdal et états dispersés, Colloidal state and disperse state, Matériaux poreux, Porous materials, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Réacteurs, Reactors, Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, etc.), Dépôt chimique phase vapeur, Chemical vapor deposition, Depósito químico fase vapor, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Microporosité, Microporosity, Microporosidad, Microréacteur, Microreactor, Ozone, Ozono, Silice, Silica, Sílice, O Si, SiO2, and Silane(tétraéthoxy)

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Extraction liquide-liquide, Liquid-liquid extraction, Coalescence, Coalescencia, Colonne pulsée garnissage, Pulsed packed column, Columna pulsada de relleno, Dimension particule, Particle size, Dimensión partícula, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Extraction liquide liquide, Liquid liquid extraction, Extracción líquido líquido, Goutte, Drop, Gota, Hydrodynamique, Hydrodynamics, Hidrodinámica, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Rupture, Ruptura, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, and Transferencia masa

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Cinétique et mécanisme des réactions, Kinetics and mechanism of reactions, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Appareils de production et de conversion d'énergie: énergie thermique, énergie électrique, énergie mécanique, etc, Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc, Piles à combustible, Fuel cells, Métal transition Composé, Transition metal Compounds, Metal transición Compuesto, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Catalyseur, Catalyst, Catalizador, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Coordinat organique, Organic ligand, Ligando orgánico, Electrocatalyse, Electrocatalysis, Electrocatálisis, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fer Complexe, Iron Complexes, Hierro Complejo, Fer Sulfate, Iron Sulfates, Hierro Sulfato, Méthanol, Methanol, Metanol, Oxygène, Oxygen, Oxígeno, Phtalocyanine métallique, Metallophthalocyanine, Ftalocianina metálica, Pile combustible alcool, Alcohol fuel cells, Réaction électrochimique, Electrochemical reaction, Reacción electroquímica, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, and Reducción química

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Mesure, automatisation, Metrology, automation, Agitation mécanique, Stirring, Agitación mecánica, Alcoolate, Alkoxide, Alcoholato, Conversion catalytique, Catalytic conversion, Conversión catalítica, Dispersion, Dispersión, Distribution dimension particule, Particle size distribution, Distribución dimensión partícula, Glycérol, Glycerol, Glicerol, Gouttelette, Droplet, Gotita, Liquide liquide, Liquid liquid, Líquido líquido, Mesure dimension particule, Particle size measurement, Microphotographie, Microphotography, Microfotografía, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Méthode optique, Optical method, Método óptico, Réacteur agité, Stirred tank reactor, Reactor agitado, Sodium Composé, Sodium Compounds, Sodio Compuesto, Système biphasique, Biphasic system, Sistema bifásico, and Oléique acide ester méthyle

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Fluidisation, Fluidization, Adsorption, Adsorción, Appareil étagé, Multistage apparatus, Aparato poliescalonado, Colonne plateau, Plate column, Columna de placas, Echange ion, Ion exchange, Cambio iónico, Ecoulement contre courant, Countercurrent flow, Flujo contra corriente, Fluidisation liquide, Liquid fluidization, Fluidificación líquida, Hydrodynamique, Hydrodynamics, Hidrodinámica, Liquide solide, Liquid solid, Líquido sólido, Lit fluidisé circulant, Circulating fluidized bed, Lecho fluidizado circulante, Plateau perforé, Perforated tray, Placa perforada, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, and Transferencia masa

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Physicochimie de surface, Surface physical chemistry, Interface solide-gaz, Solid-gas interface, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Adsorption, Adsorption gaz solide, Gas solid adsorption, Adsorción gas sólido, Adsorption modulée pression, Pressure swing adsorption, Adsorción modulada presión, Adsorption modulée température, Temperature swing adsorption, Adsorción modulada temperatura, Courbe rupture, Breakthrough curve, Curva ruptura, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Régime permanent, Steady state, and Régimen permanente

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Séparation par membrane (osmose inverse, dialyse...), Membrane separation (reverse osmosis, dialysis...), Ecoulement tourbillonnaire, Swirling flow, Flujo torbellinal, Encrassement, Fouling, Enmugrecimiento, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Filtration tangentielle, Crossflow filtration, Filtración tangencial, Formation dépôt, Deposit formation, Formación depósito, Microfiltration, Microfiltración, Modèle dynamique, Dynamic model, Modelo dinámico, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Prévention, Prevention, Prevención, Séparation par membrane, Membrane separation, and Separación por membrana

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Absorption, stripping, Absorption avec réaction, Absorption with reaction, Absorción con reacción, Absorption gaz, Gas absorption, Absorción gas, Analyse sensibilité, Sensitivity analysis, Análisis sensibilidad, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Equilibre chimique, Chemical equilibrium, Equilibrio químico, Equilibre thermodynamique, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Equilibrio termodinámico, Estimation paramètre, Parameter estimation, Estimación parámetro, Gaz liquide, Gas liquid, Gas líquido, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Phénomène transport, Transport process, Fenómeno transporte, Transfert chaleur, Heat transfer, Transferencia térmica, Transfert masse, Mass transfer, Transferencia masa, Transfert matière avec réaction, Mass transfer with reaction, and Transferencia materia con reacción

Absorption of gases in liquid solutions accompanied by chemical reactions or reactive absorption, represents one of the most important industrial operations. The advantages of this process are enhanced solution capacity, low impurity concentrations up to the ppm-range, moderate operation pressure, and selective removal of contaminants. Reactive absorption is based on a combination of several kinetically controlled phenomena, the focus being on the coupling of chemical reactions and mass transfer in multicomponent mixtures. Therefore, a process description using the equilibrium concept is often insufficient and kinetic modeling is required. This paper describes the basics of rigorous modeling of reactive absorption processes. Several case studies are used in order to validate the models. In addition, a discussion of necessary model parameters, such as diffusion coefficients and reaction kinetics, is given. A reduced model with lower computation time is obtained via detailed sensitivity analysis. This model is successfully used in dynamic simulations. In this respect a proper consideration of the film reactions appears to be crucial.

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Procédés généraux d'épuration, General purification processes, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Environnement et pollution, Environment and pollution, Epuration biologique des eaux, Biological treatment of waters, Bioréacteur, Bioreactor, Biorreactor, Boue activée, Activated sludge, Lodo activado, Epuration biologique, Biological purification, Depuración biológica, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad rheológica, Réacteur membrane, Membrane reactor, Reactor membrana, Viscosité, Viscosity, and Viscosidad

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Physicochimie de surface, Surface physical chemistry, Interface solide-gaz, Solid-gas interface, Adsorbant minéral, Inorganic adsorbent, Adsorbente inorgánico, Adsorbant, Adsorbent, Adsorbente, Adsorbat minéral, Inorganic adsorbate, Adsorbato inorgánico, Adsorbat organique, Organic adsorbate, Adsorbato orgánico, Adsorption gaz solide, Gas solid adsorption, Adsorción gas sólido, Analyse thermodynamique, Thermodynamic analysis, Análisis termodinámico, Carbone dioxyde, Carbon dioxide, Carbono dióxido, Charbon actif, Activated carbon, Carbón activado, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Interface gaz solide, Gas solid interface, Interfase gas sólido, Isotherme adsorption, Adsorption isotherm, Isotermo adsorción, Matériau poreux, Porous material, Material poroso, Mélange gaz, Gas mixture, Mezcla gas, Méthane, Methane, and Metano

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Extraction liquide-liquide, Liquid-liquid extraction, Agent extraction, Extraction agent, Agente extracción, Anion, Anions, Anión, Complexation, Complexación, Extraction ion, Ion extraction, Extracción ión, Extraction liquide liquide, Liquid liquid extraction, and Extracción líquido líquido

Reactive extraction processes represent efficient and smart technologies for separation and concentration of metal ions in solution. Despite the importance of anions in biology, medicine, environment and industry, practical examples of anion extraction are relatively limited compared to metal ion separation. Anion extraction processes are mainly based on the non-specific ion-pair formation with hydrophobic ammonium cations. In these processes the phase transfer of anions is dominated by their lipophilicity. The specific characteristics of anions in comparison to those of cations are closely connected to the difference in extraction processes for the two ion types. Novel approaches for specific binding and selective transport of anionic components are based both on the better understanding of the biological role of anions and on the possibilities of supramolecular chemistry to built up receptor architectures with complementary binding modes for anions. In the given review the authors discuss present research tendencies and application possibilities of new extractant types for separation and concentration of anionic species in solution.

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Eaux usées industrielles, Industrial wastewaters, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Environnement et pollution, Environment and pollution, Epuration biologique des eaux, Biological treatment of waters, Bactérie, Bacteria, Enzyme, Enzima, Métal divalent Ion, Divalent metal Ions, Metal divalente Ión, Métal transition Ion, Transition metal Ions, Metal transición Ión, Oxidoreductases, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonadales, Biotransformation, Biotransformación, Catalyse enzymatique, Enzymatic catalysis, Catálisis enzimática, Chlore, Chlorine, Cloro, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Eau usée industrielle, Industrial waste water, Agua servida industrial, Electrolyse, Electrolysis, Electrólisis, Epuration biologique, Biological purification, Depuración biológica, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Industrie chimique, Chemical industry, Industria química, Ion métallique, Metal ion, Ión metálico, Mercure II Ion, Mercury II Ions, Mercurio II Ión, Mercury(II) reductase, Métal lourd, Heavy metal, Metal pesado, Performance, Rendimiento, Production industrielle, Industrial production, Producción industrial, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Réaction catalytique, Catalytic reaction, Reacción catalítica, Réduction chimique, Chemical reduction, Reducción química, Sodium Chlorure, Sodium Chlorides, Sodio Cloruro, Sodium Hydroxyde, Sodium Hydroxides, Sodio Hidróxido, and Pseudomonas fulva

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Méthodes spectrométriques et optiques, Spectrometric and optical methods, Algorithme évolutionniste, Evolutionary algorithm, Algoritmo evoluciónista, Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Atomiseur, Nebulizor, Atomizador, Mécanique fluide numérique, Computational fluid dynamics, Mecánica fluido numérica, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Spectrométrie ICP, Inductive coupling plasma spectrometry, Espectrometría ICP, Spectrométrie émission, Emission spectrometry, and Espectrometría emisión

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie chimique, Chemical engineering, Séparations mécaniques liquide-liquide et fluide-solide, Liquid-liquid and fluid-solid mechanical separations, Filtration, Pollution, Pollution atmosphérique, Atmospheric pollution, Méthodes de prévention et d'épuration, Prevention and purification methods, Procédés généraux d'épuration et de dépoussiérage, General processes of purification and dust removal, Aérosol, Aerosols, Aerosol, Décolmatage, Deplugging, Descolmataje, Dépoussiérage effluent gazeux, Flue gas dust removal, Despolvoreo efluente gaseoso, Dépoussiéreur couche poreuse, Porous layer dust separator, Despolvoreador capa porosa, Epuration effluent gazeux, Flue gas purification, Depuración efluente gaseoso, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Filtration, Filtración, Filtre manche, Bag filter, Filtro manga, Gaz solide, Gas solid, Gas sólido, Jet pulsé, Pulsed jet, Chorro pulsado, Nettoyage, Cleaning, Limpieza, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Particule en suspension, Suspended particle, Partícula en suspensión, Performance, and Rendimiento

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Energy, Énergie, Chemical engineering, Génie chimique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines classiques de la physique (y compris les applications), Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications), Mécanique des fluides, Fluid dynamics, Ecoulements turbulents, convection et transfert de chaleur, Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer, Convection et transfert de chaleur, Convection and heat transfer, Jets, Code calcul, Computation code, Código computación, Ecoulement permanent, Steady flow, Interaction, Interactions, Jet, Jets, Nombre Nusselt, Nusselt number, Plaque plane, Flat plate, Placa plana, Simulation numérique, Digital simulation, Transfert chaleur, and Heat transfer