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HYDRONEPHROSIS, WATCHFUL waiting, PUERPERIUM, and FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine)

Background: To determine the outcome of antenatally detected hydronephrosis in the post natal period. Objectives: To follow up all cases of Antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis postnatally to determine the time course until spontaneous resolution of antenatal hydronephrosis and to identify the causes of hydronephrosis persisting in the postnatal period which requires early intervention. Materials and Methods: A total of 109 children with antenatal hydronephrosis were followed up with timely ultrasonography and other investigations(wherever necessary and also making a note on the various grades of hydronephrosis and their outcomes in postnatal life. Results: A total of 109 children with antenatal hydronephrosis were followed up in the current study. It was observed that most of the cases in our study were males with a M:F ration of 2.4:1. The most common cause of antenatal HUN were transient HUN(81%) followed by PUJ(10%) and VUR(3.7%).There was an increase in the number of children who resolved in the postnatal period as noted as 13.8%(15/109) children by day 7,57.8%(63/109) children by 1st month, 79.84%(87/109) children by 6th month and 87.2%(95/109)cases by 1st year. The risk of postnatal pathology increases with the severity of HN. Out of 109 babies with antenatal hydronephrosis 16 babies had persistent hydronephrosis at 1 year follow up. Conclusion: In foetuses with hydronephrosis detected in late second trimester, a thorough work up is required to rule out other anomalies and a follow up USS in third trimester can identify the progress of the same so that treatment and postnatal follow up can be planned accordingly.There is an increased risk of postnatal pathology as the grade of hydronephrosis increases. Most of the cases are managed conservatively as most of the resolve in the infancy with watchful waiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FREEDOM of speech, FREEDOM of expression, and WILDLIFE refuges

Walking through the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge near West Palm Beach, Florida, USA, a few years ago, I came upon this sign, and it caught me by surprise. Our mission, as leisure scholars, should be to speak freely, and with purpose, for as Brandeis also remarked, "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants..". The First Amendment to the United States Constitution proclaims that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.". [Extracted from the article]

RECESSIONS and EARLY voting

We study if U.S. members of Congress who experienced an economic recession during early adulthood vote differently on redistribution-specific bills. We find that politicians who experienced a recession hold more conservative positions on redistribution, even compared to members of the same party. In light of recent empirical evidence showing that voters become more supportive of redistribution following a recession, our findings suggest that macroeconomic shocks might have a polarizing effect: recessions can create an ideological wedge between voters and their future representatives. We hypothesize and present evidence suggesting that this wedge might be explained by politicians' more privileged background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DIGITAL humanities, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, WEB-based user interfaces, INTERNET users, and INTERNET surveys

Cultural heritage (CH) contents are typically strongly interlinked, but published in heterogeneous, distributed local data silos, making it difficult to utilize the data on a global level. Furthermore, the content is usually available only for humans to read, and not as data for Digital Humanities (DH) analyses and application development. This application report addresses these problems by presenting a collaborative publication model for CH Linked Data and six design principles for creating shared data services and semantic portals for DH research and applications. This Sampo model has evolved gradually in 2002–2021 through lessons learned when developing the Sampo series of linked data services and semantic portals in use, including MuseumFinland (2004), CultureSampo (2009), BookSampo (2011), WarSampo (2015), Norssit Alumni (2017), U.S. Congress Prosopographer (2018), NameSampo (2019), BiographySampo (2019), WarVictimSampo 1914–1922 (2019), MMM (2020), AcademySampo (2021), FindSampo (2021), WarMemoirSampo (2021), and LetterSampo (2022). These Semantic Web applications surveyed in this paper cover a wide range of application domains in CH and have attracted up to millions of users on the Semantic Web, suggesting feasibility of the proposed Sampo model. This work shows a shift of focus in research on CH semantic portals from data aggregation and exploration systems (1. generation systems) to systems supporting DH research (2. generation systems) with data analytic tools, and finally to automatic knowledge discovery and Artificial Intelligence (3. generation systems). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IMPEACHMENTS, ATTORNEYS general, COMMITTEES, SUBPOENA, EVIDENTIARY hearings, and LEGAL consultants

The author discusses her role as adviser to the South Dakota House of Representative in the first impeachment proceedings involving attorney general Jason Ravnsborg. She talks about the passage of House Resolution 7001 establishing a select committee to investigate provisions of articles of impeachment, as well as issuance of subpoenas, notice sent to the legal counsel of Ravnsborg, and evidentiary hearings held and legal analysis conducted by the Select Committee.

TRANSVAGINAL ultrasonography, COVID-19 pandemic, PRESIDENTS of the United States, OVARIAN cysts, and ULTRASONIC imaging

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SPERMATIC cord torsion, ORCHIOPEXY, TESTIS surgery, and TESTIS

Introduction Perinatal or neonatal testicular torsion (PTT) is defined as testicular torsion within the first 30 days of life. PTT is a rare event, and bilateral PTT is even rarer. However, recent articles have advocated emergency bilateral exploration to exclude the catastrophic possibility of asymptomatic contralateral testicular torsion leading to anorchia. The aim of this study is to evaluate PTT in Northern Ireland (NI) using a nationwide population-based retrospective observational study. Methods All boys in NI who underwent emergency scrotal exploration within their first 30 days of life for possible testicular torsion over a 10-year period (January 2010–December 2019 inclusive) were included. Intraoperative findings primarily evaluated included diagnosis and presence of synchronous or asynchronous (metachronous) contralateral testicular torsion. Secondary outcomes included correlation between intraoperative findings and any preoperative ultrasound scan (USS), and scrotal examination findings during postoperative outpatient follow-up. Results A total of 19 patients who underwent emergency scrotal exploration in the study period were included. An intraoperative finding confirming the diagnosis of PTT was reported in 14 (73.7%) patients. The incidence of PTT was calculated as 11.3 per 100,000 per male live births in NI, with bilateral PTT accounting for two patients (14.2% of all PTTs), divided equally between synchronous and asynchronous PTTs. Of two affected testes where preservation was felt appropriate intraoperatively, only one was still palpable at follow-up, producing a testicular salvage rate after PTT of only 7.1%. Testicular findings on preoperative USS were confirmed intraoperatively in five out of six patients, producing a concordance rate of 83.3%. Conclusion This is the first nationwide population-based study to calculate more accurately the incidence of PTT, and bilateral synchronous and asynchronous bilateral PTTs, all of which seem to be significantly higher than previously estimated. However, in keeping with previous reports, this study confirms the poor salvage rate of testes undergoing perinatal torsion, and suboptimal concordance between preoperative USS findings and intraoperative diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TRUST, LEGISLATIVE oversight, COMMUNITY policing, UNITED States senators, ARMED Forces, and PARIS Terrorist Attacks, Paris, France, 2015

This article examines how the French Senate engaged in legislative oversight of the military between 2015 and 2020. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with French parliamentarians, parliamentary staff, and serving and retired military leaders, the article argues that the French Senate performed "community policing" oversight of the military during this period. This community policing approach, which relies on mutual trust and cooperation between the principal and the agent, allowed senators to oversee the military and check the executive at relatively low cost, while giving military leaders a parliamentary ally in their disagreements with the President and Cabinet. The article examines what conditions enabled and encouraged the French Senate to perform this type of oversight, as well as what civil–military dynamics led the French military to view senators as allies in their policy disagreements with the President. The article finds that the 2015 terrorist attacks on French soil played an important role in establishing closer ties between the upper house and the armed forces, with the Senate securing additional capabilities for the armed forces during this time. The article concludes with avenues for future research focusing on upper houses and legislative oversight of the military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMERICAN drama, NATIONAL security, TERRORISM, and CHRONOLOGY

The National Security Act of 1947 was neither the first nor the last legislative word on intelligence coordination. Instead, it was the second of three formative, although not formidable, acts of Congress that have provided models for U.S. intelligence coordination: the Contingent Fund for Foreign Intercourse, the National Security Act of 1947, and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. This article reveals how the debate over intelligence coordination in the United States reaches back further than existing accounts that examine the origins of the Central Intelligence Agency. This article also uses the theme of intelligence coordination to introduce a new chronology for U.S intelligence history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]