articles+ search results

PARTITIONS (Mathematics), MATHEMATICIANS, CONFERENCES & conventions, ODD numbers, INTEGERS, LOGICAL prediction, and GENERALIZATION

Euler's identity equates the number of partitions of any non-negative integer n into odd parts and the number of partitions of n into distinct parts. Beck conjectured and Andrews proved the following companion to Euler's identity: the excess of the number of parts in all partitions of n into odd parts over the number of parts in all partitions of n into distinct parts equals the number of partitions of n with exactly one even part (possibly repeated). Beck's original conjecture was followed by generalizations and so-called "Beck-type" companions to other identities. In this paper, we establish a collection of Beck-type companion identities to the following result mentioned by Lehmer at the 1974 International Congress of Mathematicians: the excess of the number of partitions of n with an even number of even parts over the number of partitions of n with an odd number of even parts equals the number of partitions of n into distinct, odd parts. We also establish various generalizations of Lehmer's identity, and prove related Beck-type companion identities. We use both analytic and combinatorial methods in our proofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONFERENCES & conventions

COMPUTATIONAL intelligence, COMPUTATIONAL biology, and CONFERENCES & conventions

VETO, WEAPONS exports & imports, STOCK prices, and DIPLOMATIC & consular service

On October 2nd, 2018, Jamal Khashoggi, a journalist and critic of the Saudi Arabian regime, disappeared after a visit to the Saudi Arabian consulate in Turkey nd was most likely murdered shortly afterwards. After this incident, a period of uncertainty started about whether or not a major arms deal that was signed between the United States and Saudi Arabia would still going to be approved by Congress or in turn will be rejected. The main findings presented in this study clearly demonstrate that the uncertainty surrounding the deal caused a significant drop in the daily return on the equity prices of US defense firms. This result suggests that investors believe that it is very likely that the major arms deal will be blocked by Congress in the short-run thereby reducing the business perspectives of the US defense-related industry. Besides these findings also imply that investors expect that the US president will not use its veto power or make permanently use of the exemption clause provided in the US arms trade legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VISIBLE spectra, PIEZOELECTRIC thin films, ORGANIC water pollutants, PHOTOCATALYSTS, CATALYTIC activity, PHOTOCATALYSIS, and RHODAMINE B

Piezocatalysis is realized in hydrothermally-derived CuBi 2 O 4 nanorods for the first time. Through bi-harvesting of photo- and vibration energies, 98.1% Rhodamine B (RhB) can be degraded, which is significantly higher than ∼38.7% from single photocatalysis and ∼72.8% from single piezocatalysis. The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the intensified separation of electron-hole under the piezoelectric potential. Results show that CuBi 2 O 4 is promising catalyst to decompose the organic pollutant in nature water. •Piezocatalysis activity has been realized in CBO for the first time. • Harvesting light and vibration energy has been realized in CBO. • Bi-catalytic degradation of RhB is higher than photocatalysis or piezocatalysis. • h + become the most important active specie instead of ·OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While substance use disorders (SUD) disproportionately impact people with HIV (PWH), HIV clinics inconsistently provide evidence-based medications for addiction treatment (MAT). Patient receptivity to MAT is critical to enhance addiction treatment in these settings. However, we know little from patients about how to best integrate MAT into HIV clinics.Methods: This qualitative study used four focus groups informed by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework to identify barriers and facilitators to receiving opioid, alcohol, and tobacco use disorder care in HIV clinics. The study population included 28 patients with HIV and SUD receiving care at one of four HIV clinics in the northeastern United States. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed for content analysis. The study also performed a brief survey assessing demographics and behaviors.Results: Focus groups revealed several major themes related to MAT in HIV clinics. Barriers included stigma around MAT, knowledge deficits about available MAT options and the impact of substance use on PWH, concerns about medication side effects, substance use screening without adequate clinician follow-up, and peers who discouraged MAT. Facilitators included recognition of substance use as a threat to overall health, integrated care from HIV clinicians, and support for addiction treatment from peers with lived experience.Conclusions: Efforts to enhance MAT in HIV clinics should include patient education to help them recognize addiction as a chronic disease with available medication treatment options; clinician and staff training to promote integrated, multidisciplinary screening and treatment; and thoughtful inclusion of peers with lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOLAR energy, LIGHT absorption, CONDUCTION bands, CHARGE exchange, ELECTRIC fields, and SOLAR cells

[Display omitted] • The maximum PCE of the novel 2D Sc 2 CCl 2 /SiS 2 heterostructure can reach 23.20%. • Strain and interlayer distance deviation must be avoided because they weaken PCEs. • Small CBO and favorable bandgap are the reasons for high PCEs of the heterostructure. Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures are effective devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy. However, the highly efficient ones are difficult to screen. Here, we construct four configurations of 2D heterostructures by using Sc 2 CCl 2 and SiS 2 monolayers. On the basis of the first-principles calculations, we optimize geometrical structures, confirm the energy and thermal stabilities, calculate the electronic properties and optical absorptions, determine the solar power conversion efficiency (PCE), and explore the effect of strain engineering. The results indicate that the four configurations exhibit similar type-II band alignments with direct bandgaps, and the built-in electric fields support the electron transfer from the Sc 2 CCl 2 monolayer to the SiS 2 one. In addition, the highest predicted PCE of the configurations can reach 23.20%, which can be attributed to the small conduction band offset with a favorable bandgap of 1.49 eV that leads to excellent optical absorption in the range of visible and ultraviolet lights. These findings provide theoretical support for developing efficient solar cells and photodetectors by employing the Sc 2 CCl 2 /SiS 2 heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BISMUTH trioxide, HEXAVALENT chromium, LIME (Minerals), FERROELECTRIC materials, VISIBLE spectra, PHOTOREDUCTION, and CHROMATES

Photocatalysis is a promising approach to solving environmental pollution issues using solar energy. Recently, ferroelectric materials have also attracted attention for photocatalysis due to the piezo-photo effect. Here we report the synthesis of ferroelectric calcium bismuth oxide (CBO) nanoflakes and demonstrate the influence of the piezo-photo impact on the improved photoreduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), under visible light irradiation. The structure, morphological, optical, and ferroelectric characteristics of the CBO nanoflakes were investigated using various characterization techniques. The remanent polarization obtained from the P–E loop is 0.02 μC cm−2 with a coercive field of 3.7 kV cm−1. The CBO nanoflakes showed an 80% photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) after 120 minutes of light exposure. This photoreduction is enhanced to 94% when exposed to ultrasonic vibrations and visible light. A possible mechanism of Cr(VI) photoreduction under visible light irradiation was also proposed. The current research presents a novel and simple method for creating effective nanoflakes for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ACCREDITATION, PHYSICAL medicine, LEADERSHIP, CONFERENCES & conventions, ALLIED health associations, CLINICAL competence, REHABILITATION, CERTIFICATION, and PROFESSIONAL licensure examinations

On the 75th anniversary of the founding of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11 of the surviving chairs of the board convened virtually to reflect on the past 40 years of major trends for the accrediting body of physiatrists. The field rapidly expanded in the 1980s, driven by changes in the reimbursement environment. This rapid expansion drove an improvement in the caliber of residents choosing the field and in the quality of training programs. As physical medicine and rehabilitation evolved from a small- to medium-sized specialty, the board addressed many challenges: securing a credible position within the American Board of Medical Specialties; addressing a rising demand for subspecialty certification; improving training and exposure to physiatry; enhancing the quality of the accreditation process; and reducing the burden of accreditation on diplomates. The future development of physiatry includes improving diversity, equity, and inclusion, while restoring provider morale, well-being, and meaningfulness in work. Although challenges remain, physiatry as a field has grown to be well established through the board's efforts and respected within the larger medical community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMOKING prevention, ELECTRONIC cigarettes, SERIAL publications, TOBACCO products, COVID-19 pandemic, and ADOLESCENCE

The article discusses the efforts of the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) to curb youth smoking after passage of the Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act. Topics include the purpose of the Act, estimated number of middle and high school students that use tobacco products according to the 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey, and things that can be done to prevent and reduce the use of tobacco products.

RUNOFF elections, ELECTIONS, PARTISANSHIP, DEMOCRATS (United States), VOTING, PRESIDENTIAL elections, and FEDERAL government

Recent work on American presidential elections suggests that voters engage in anticipatory balancing, which occurs when voters split their ticket in order to moderate collective policy outcomes by forcing agreement among institutions controlled by opposing parties. We use the 2021 Georgia U.S. Senate runoffs, which determined whether Democrats would have unified control of the federal government given preceding November victories by President-elect Biden and House Democrats, to evaluate support for anticipatory balancing. Leveraging an original survey of Georgia voters, we find no evidence of balancing within the general electorate and among partisans across differing model specifications. We use qualitative content analysis of voter electoral runoff intentions to support our findings and contextualize the lack of evidence for balancing withan original analysis showing the unprecedented partisan nature of contemporary Senate elections since direct-election began in 1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YOUNG women, CRITICAL theory, BABY boom generation, and ELECTIONS

Critical mass theories predict that women in government will sponsor and vote for more women and feminist bills as their numbers increase. Using Voteview.com data of roll-call votes measuring left–right ideology from 1977 to 2019 this paper shows that ideological divides among women in the U.S. House of Representatives have deepened rather than veered in a liberal direction. Republican women have moved rightward over time and more conservative ones are winning elections. Belonging to a politicized generation, older Silent Generation and Boomer women are more ideologically extreme than younger women. Parties are also elevating their more ideological female members. As their numbers increase, female House members are expected to remain ideologically diverse in a polarized legislative environment. Critical mass theories are deficient in failing to place female political actors in a dynamic workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ECONOMIC stimulus, FINANCIAL crises, ECONOMIC shock, LEGISLATORS, GREAT Recession, 2008-2013, UNEMPLOYMENT statistics, and UNEMPLOYMENT

How do members of Congress respond to economic shocks in their districts? This study uses constituency-level unemployment data from 2006–2011 and data on the policy instruments included in individual bills to estimate the district-level effects of the Great Recession on the kinds of policies individual lawmakers introduce. Few previous studies have examined lawmaker responsiveness to rapid changes in district conditions and fewer still examine policy instruments instead of issue priorities. Measuring instruments matters because they capture what the policy actually does (as opposed to what it is about) which is both consequential and ideologically loaded. The results show that Democrats and Republicans respond differently. Republicans are more responsive, particularly with policy instruments that conform to their ideology, while Democrats are as likely (in the case of tax cuts), or more likely (in the case of spending) to support economic stimulus without an economic crisis. Differences in the macropolitical situation cannot be ruled out as an explanation of the differences between parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LEGISLATIVE voting, VOTING, DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics, ELECTIONS, DEMOCRATS (United States), and REPUBLICANS

Why do some members of Congress vote more on the extremes of their party than others? I argue that lawmakers representing more homogeneously white districts have greater electoral incentive to moderate their voting records, since the two parties compete more for support of white voters than for the support of minority voters. I provide evidence using roll-call votes from the U.S. House and Senate. I find members representing more homogeneously white districts have more moderate voting records, a finding that holds for Democrats and Republicans. I explore two potential mechanisms: legislator responsiveness and electoral punishment. While legislators do not seem to adjust their voting behavior in response to short-term changes in district racial composition, more homogeneously white districts are found to assess larger vote share penalties on more extreme candidates in general elections. The findings have implications for our understanding of race, representation, and electoral accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERGONOMICS, COVID-19 pandemic, PUBLIC health, TELEMEDICINE, and CLINICAL trials

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE), with the goal to support humans through system design, can contribute to responses to emergencies and crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe three cases presented at the 21st Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association to demonstrate how HFE has been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely to (1) develop a mobile diagnostic testing system, (2) understand the changes within physiotherapy services, and (3) guide the transition of a perioperative pain program to telemedicine. We reflect on methodological choices and lessons learned from each case and discuss opportunities to expand the impact of HFE in responses to future emergencies. The HFE discipline should develop faster, less resource intensive but still rigorous, methods, increase available HFE expertise by growing the field, and proactively enhance individual and public perception of the importance of HFE in crisis response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MILITARY life, LIFE partners, MILITARY dependents, DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy), and MILITARY research

The emotional cycle of deployment theorized by Logan and adapted by Pincus, House, Christenson, and Alder is often applied by academics and military support agencies to define, explain, and provide advice on the experiences and possible emotional reactions of military families during phases of deployment. Interviews with army partners showed that spatiotemporal experiences and perspectives are more complex than those afforded by the emotional cycle of deployment. This article argues that applying the concept of liminality uncovers some of this complexity, illuminating the in-between times experienced during deployments that are otherwise hidden. Army partners move through and between deployments and deployment phases haunted by specters of past and future deployments. By disrupting seemingly chronological and discrete spatiotemporal narratives, which often frame research on military families and deployment, this article demonstrates how army partners move through and between deployments and deployment stages negotiating past and future deployments. It shows how they continuously adapt and evolve practices while negotiating interpreted pasts and imagined futures in pursuit of becoming "ideal." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUBSTANCE abuse -- Psychological aspects, PUBLIC health, LIBRARY technical services, NATIONAL health services, CHILD welfare, HEALTH systems agencies, MENTAL illness, FEDERAL government, and ADULTS

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is up for some significant changes, including a long‐awaited reauthorization — in a bill under consideration in Congress. On May 6, Frank Pallone, Jr. (D–NJ) and Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R–Wash.), chairman and ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, released proposed legislation that would reauthorize SAMHSA and revamp many of its programs. Markups (voting by the Health Subcommittee) of the bill, the Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well‐Being Act of 2022, were scheduled for May. Changes included in the bill include changes to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRAIN physiology, MEMORY, MULTIMEDIA systems, PRACTICAL politics, FAKE news, CONSUMER attitudes, COGNITION, COMMUNICATION, and RIOTS

Using the context of the 2021 U.S. Capitol riot, an attack on the U.S Congress that was in response to the alleged voter fraud perpetuated by high profile Republicans, this study sought to uncover the differences in content memory (i.e., free recall and recognition) scores for both factually correct and disinformation news content. In addition, it also explored how exposure to different message modalities (i.e., text, image, and video) may exacerbate the recall and recollection of news content, especially when presented with purposely misleading information. An online experiment (n = 568) using manipulated mock news articles was conducted to gauge participants' content memory for participants exposed to either factually correct or disinformation news content. Findings showcase that while there is no significant difference in content memory scores between those exposed to disinformation and factually correct news, partisans might be more tempted to purposely remember story details that support their party regardless of whether those details are accurate. Moreover, while modality may help in aiding one's memory for information, other factors such as expectancy-violation should be integrated with existing multimedia learning theories when applying the cognitive processing logic of modality to news consumption. • Disinformation news content is recalled at a similar rate as content that is factually correct. • Partisans might be more tempted to communicate story details that support their party regardless if it is accurate. • Exposure to text and image articles generated greater recall when compared to video for non-disinformation news. • Exposure to the text article and video generated greater recall when compared to the image article for disinformation news. • Expectancy-violation may explain differentiating rates of recall across modalities and news types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FRUIT juices, GRAPE juice, OSMOTIC pressure, DEHYDRATION, and MASS transfer

The effects of concentrated fruit juices on mass transfer and enhancement of health-promoting properties of apple slices treated by an osmotic dehydration process with (PVOD) and without (OD) a vacuum were investigated. Hot air-drying (AD) was used as the finish drying process to produce apple chips. The apple chips obtained by OD + AD and PVOD + AD with grape juice had a total phenol content (TPC) of 81.54 ± 3.66 and 86.09 ± 1.23 mg GAE/100 g of dry matter, respectively, significantly higher than that (24.99 ± 0.46 mg GAE/100 g dry matter) of the chips from fresh apples (control). Similarly, DPPH radical–scavenging activity values of the OD + AD and PVOD + AD chips treated with grape juice were 78.44 ± 3.02% and 81.13 ± 2.47%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the control (26.06 ± 0.53%). The dehydration rate in the OD and PVOD processes was positively correlated with the osmotic pressure difference (Δπ) between the osmotic solution and the apple tissue following an exponential relation, and thus, Δπ has functioned as the driving force for mass transfer in the OD and PVOD processes. Concentrated fruit juices are shown to be effective osmotic solutions to produce colorful apple chips with enhanced health-promoting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AFRICAN American authors, ARCHIVES, LIBRARY conferences, PUBLISHING, and CONFIDENCE

In this article I examine the editing and publishing of Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man by Albert Erskine. Over the course of the piece, I deploy letters, drafts, and other material drawn from both Ellison's archive in the Library of Congress and Erskine's own archive at the University of Virginia to unpack how Erskine, as a white editor at a powerful international publishing house, conceived of his role in shepherding to market and marketing what he saw as a major literary work by an African American author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

QUANTITATIVE research, LEGISLATION, ACTIVISM, GOVERNMENTALITY, and CHINA-United States relations

Through a quantitative analysis of Taiwan–related legislation between 1979 and 2020, the article finds that the degree of Taiwan–related legislation is significantly correlated with the degree of tension in U.S.—China relations. While a deteriorating cross–Taiwan Strait relationship is clearly associated with the increasing legislative activities for the sake of Taiwan, an improving relationship from the state of fair to good cannot guarantee a decrease of such activities. A unified government and the extent of the Taiwan lobby are both helpful in passing pro–Taiwan acts but statistically insignificant. A content analysis of pro–Taiwan bills approved by the Trump administration suggests a creeping movement to "normalize" U.S–Taiwan relations with congressional activism and the less-restrained White House as a co–engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the congressional advocacy initiatives by the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) in the U.S. Also cited are the meeting by NEHA with U.S. Senators Patty Murray and Richard Burr to ensure the inclusion of environmental health and the profession in the PREVENT Pandemics Act, and the support by NEHA for the passage of the Environmental Health Workforce Act.

WOMEN legislators, BLACK women, EDUCATIONAL attainment, and LEARNING

Black women have been historically excluded from Congress and the policymaking power available in the institution. This essay shares details about the 52 Black women who have navigated this raced and gendered institution (Hawkesworth 2003) since 1969. We discuss data on these Black congresswomen, including, but not limited to, their educational attainment, occupations prior to serving in Congress, and ties to Black Greek Letter organizations. We argue that this descriptive data will prompt new questions for legislative scholars and open conversations about disciplinary norms and assumptions which may need revision in light of Congress' increasing diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OFFSHORE structures, OCEAN waves, EXTREME value theory, NAVAL architecture, CONSTRUCTION cost estimates, and SAFETY factor in engineering

Uncertainties of wave data and models got increasing attention in the last decades by the marine industry because of their importance for safety at sea. Improved knowledge about wave description and related uncertainties leads to a reduction of safety factors, and consequently building costs of marine structures. The ISSC (International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress) and ITTC (International Towing Tank Conference) organizations have also been concerned with uncertainties associated with wave data and models used for the design and laboratory testing of marine structures. The different emphasis on uncertainty modelling by these organizations led to a somewhat different approach or at least different nomenclature adopted for uncertainty modelling. This study highlights these differences, but also existing similarities, in the context of ocean waves. It is addressing long-term wave description; the wave data and the models used to extrapolate to extreme values. The investigations point out different sources of uncertainties in existing wave data sets and models which may impact design and operations of ships and offshore platforms and should get attention. The presented results are applicable to all types of marine structures. • Wave Group of ISSC-ITTC 2018 Committee on Uncertainty Modeling. • Uncertainty classification used by the ISSC and ITTC organizations. • Uncertainties assocaited with wave data and long-term wave models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WOMEN'S health, RESEARCH institutes, PUBLIC health research, MATERNAL mortality, and CERVICAL cancer

Improving the health of women requires centering research around the needs of women, implementation of best practices, and interventions to reduce disparities. The health of women remains understudied. In response to a request from Congress, the Office of Research on Women's Health of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) evaluated research on the health of women currently underway related to 1) rising rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, 2) rising rates of chronic debilitating conditions in women, and 3) stagnant cervical cancer survival rates. Input on the three priority areas was obtained from experts in women's health, members of the public, and federal stakeholders. The NIH research portfolios on these three topics were reviewed. On October 20, 2021, a conference on advancing NIH research on women's health was held to present, discuss, and delineate gaps and opportunities in the current portfolio. Across the life course, significant gaps in evidence regarding conditions, disorders, and diseases that occur in women were illustrated. Fundamental basic and translational knowledge gaps in many female-specific conditions and diseases with sex-specific presentations, symptoms, or responses to treatments have hampered the generation of robust scientific data needed to provide high-quality, evidence-based care to women. Key opportunities identified to improve the health of women include enhanced implementation of existing best practices and interventions to reduce disparities. Undertaking intentional clinical research on the health of women will produce significant returns on investment and has the potential to greatly improve human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECT-oriented programming and CONFERENCES & conventions

Significant changes to the federal judicial confirmation process have manifested over the past decade, including multiple procedural reforms in the United States Senate. We argue the “nuclear option,” the reduction of the vote-threshold required to proceed to a final confirmation vote on judicial nominees (i.e., to invoke cloture) from three-fifths to a simple majority, contributed to a renewed escalation of partisan confirmation battles on which the Federalist Society capitalized. Pundits and politicians alike show growing concern about the role of interest groups, especially those associated with the conservative legal movement, in judicial nominations. The intersection of these two sets of changes raises questions about the contemporary judicial nominations process. Utilizing a novel dataset of Federalist Society (FedSoc) affiliates drawn from event listings (1993–2020), we analyze the interactive role of FedSoc affiliation with Senate procedural changes to the judicial confirmation process. We find affiliation with the Federalist Society, after the initial nuclear option was implemented, increases the probability of a circuit court nominee’s confirmation by approximately 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 1990s, the Library of Congress under the leadership of Librarian of Congress James H. Billington launched an innovative digital library project, Meeting of Frontiers, built around the theme of the parallel experiences of the American West and the Russian Far East and Siberia and the meeting of the frontiers in Alaska. The project flourished until 2005, and digitized rare collections at more than thirty libraries and archives in Russia and the United States. The project was left unfinished, however, as funding ran out and the Library shifted to new priorities, including the development of a World Digital Library (WDL). In 2016–2018, a small group of Library staff members, faced with the likelihood that both WDL and Frontiers would be shut down in the post-Billington era, mounted a successful effort to save the remarkable Frontiers content for permanent use by researchers and general users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years, countless scholars have posited the role of constituency and party pressure on legislators’ roll call voting records. Indeed, though popular estimates of legislators’ preferences often come from roll call data (e.g., DW-NOMINATE scores), most scholars are careful to note that these are not necessarily measures of ideology per se but rather of legislators’ revealed preferences—that is, they reflect both legislators’ ideological commitments as well as the influence of party and constituency. In this paper, we offer fairly robust evidence that existing measures of legislator behavior may be closer to their preferences than once thought. Using a novel survey of former members of the House of Representatives, we leverage the severing of the electoral connection and lack of institutional party pressure to show that legislators’ preferences as measured by existing methods closely mirror their own perceptions of themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civility in political discourse is often thought to be necessary for deliberation and a healthy democracy. However, incivility is on the rise in political discourse in the United States—even from members of Congress—suggesting that political incivility may in fact be a tool to be used strategically. When and why, then, do members of Congress use incivility in their rhetoric? We develop and test expectations for the usage of political incivility by members of Congress on Twitter, using every tweet sent by a member of Congress from 2009–2020 coded for the presence of uncivil rhetoric via a novel application of transformer models for natural language processing. We find that more ideologically extreme members, those in safer electoral situations, and those who are in a position of political opposition are more likely to use incivility in their tweets, and that uncivil tweets increase engagement with members’ messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NON-communicable diseases, CHRONIC diseases, and FINANCIAL stress

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality globally. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) not only experience the largest burden of humanitarian emergencies but are also disproportionately affected by NCDs, yet primary focus on the topic is lagging. We conducted a systematic review on the effect of humanitarian disasters on NCDs in LMICs assessing epidemiology, interventions, and treatment.Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, MEDLINE (PubMed, for in-process and non-indexed citations), Social Science Citation Index, and Global Health (EBSCO) for indexed articles published before December 11, 2017 was conducted, and publications reporting on NCDs and humanitarian emergencies in LMICs were included. We extracted and synthesized results using a thematic analysis approach and present the results by disease type. The study is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018088769).Results: Of the 85 included publications, most reported on observational research studies and almost half (48.9%) reported on studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), with scant studies reporting on the African and Americas regions. NCDs represented a significant burden for populations affected by humanitarian crises in our findings, despite a dearth of data from particular regions and disease categories. The majority of studies included in our review presented epidemiologic evidence for the burden of disease, while few studies addressed clinical management or intervention delivery. Commonly cited barriers to healthcare access in all phases of disaster and major disease diagnoses studied included: low levels of education, financial difficulties, displacement, illiteracy, lack of access to medications, affordability of treatment and monitoring devices, and centralized healthcare infrastructure for NCDs. Screening and prevention for NCDs in disaster-prone settings was supported. Refugee status was independently identified both as a risk factor for diagnosis with an NCD and conferring worse morbidity.Conclusions: An increased focus on the effects of, and mitigating factors for, NCDs occurring in disaster-afflicted LMICs is needed. While the majority of studies included in our review presented epidemiologic evidence for the burden of disease, research is needed to address contributing factors, interventions, and means of managing disease during humanitarian emergencies in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COMETS, CASCADE impactors (Meteorological instruments), SCIENCE conferences, NEAR-Earth objects, IRON meteorites, and CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet

Carbonaceous chondrite compositions could be an order of magnitude more abundant in comets than in asteroids; future observations of comets will calibrate this proportion. Even adopting the full reduction factor of HT ht associated with the value of I N i from Desch et al.[1], a cometary Chicxulub impactor would be up to HT ht times more likely than an asteroid Chicxulub impactor[2]. A cometary Chicxulub impactor remains more likely than an asteroid Chicxulub impactor if the fraction of CC-like comets is HT ht . [Extracted from the article]

CONGENITAL heart disease diagnosis, MEDICAL quality control, SOCIAL networks, CONFERENCES & conventions, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, MEDICAL care, WORLD health, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, MACHINE learning, VIDEOCONFERENCING, CARDIOVASCULAR system, and QUALITY assurance

The 25th Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Annual Scientific Sessions saw 1524 registered participants from more than 50 countries attending the meeting virtually. Supporting the theme "CMR: Improving Cardiovascular Care Around the World", the meeting included 179 invited talks, 52 sessions including 3 plenary sessions, 2 keynote talks, and a total of 93 cases and 416 posters. The sessions were designed so as to showcase the multifaceted role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in identifying and prognosticating various myocardial pathologies. Additionally, various social networking sessions as well as fun activities were organized. The major areas of focus for the future are likely to be rapid efficient and high value CMR exams, automated and quantitative acquisition and post-processing using artificial intelligence and machine learning, multi-contrast imaging and advanced vascular imaging including 4D flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions We investigate to what extent partisan political candidates in the United States pay attention to different issues in their campaign communication, and whether they systematically deliver messages using different types of sentiment.We analyze the 267,538 tweets issued by candidates for the U.S. Congress during the 2018 midterm elections using a combination of latent topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and regression analysis, estimating both issue emphasis and the emotional tone of communications.We find that candidates discussed a small number of distinct issues. Sentiment analysis reveals that the emotions used to convey these topics varied considerably more than interparty emphasis. Moreover, we observe that Democrats and Republicans discussed the same topics in very different ways, with Democrats—the out‐party at the time—proving more negative in their messaging.When partisans discuss those issues their respective parties “own,” there are asymmetries in the emotion they use to communicate about these issues. The concept and measurement of issue ownership are complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Comparative research contributes to knowledge by providing a better understanding of how a phenomenon manifests in different socio-cultural contexts. In this present study, we examined the concession speeches of Hillary Clinton (United States, Democratic Party) and John Mahama (Ghana, National Democratic Congress, NDC) in the aftermath of their 2016 electoral defeats. Findings indicated that three similar frames emerged between the two candidates. Hillary Clinton’s frames included: acknowledging pain and acceptance, democracy, values and nationalism, and gratitude. John Mahama’s frames had: acceptance and concern, appreciation, unity, democracy, and nationhood. Both candidates accepted the electoral outcome, showed gratitude, and reaffirmed their belief in democracy and unity. However, there were slight differences. Hillary Clinton’s frame on acknowledging pain and acceptance had a more open, forthright recognition of being hurt in a way that enabled her to process the loss and pain. Findings from this study provide insights into recent concession speeches across two socio-cultural and continental divides, which builds on literature in framing and political communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife populations face significant threats, including habitat loss and climate change. However, the United States has faced major biodiversity crises in the past. In 1937, in response to dwindling wildlife populations, Congress passed the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, known as “Pittman‐Robertson” (PR). The law helped restore wildlife populations by establishing a federal role in funding state wildlife agencies enabling states to develop the infrastructure and expertise for effective wildlife conservation. Now, the 117th Congress is considering the Recovering America's Wildlife Act (RAWA). RAWA would provide state, tribal, and territorial wildlife agencies the funding to implement their State Wildlife Action Plans for the conservation of nongame wildlife. Herein, we explore the relationship between PR and RAWA while tracing the historical roots of PR and discussing its successes and limitations. We also demonstrate how RAWA builds upon PR and could become a generational conservation accomplishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESEARCH universities & colleges, UNITED States legislators, INTERNATIONAL competition, and HIGH technology

The article reports that research universities in the U.S. states conduct the majority of research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to redress the imbalance between lawmakers in the two chambers of the Senate and House of Representatives. It mentions that visions be reconciled in negotiations now underway to finalize a massive bill aimed at bolstering U.S. competitiveness with China in research and high-tech manufacturing that is a top priority for President Joe Biden.

The English‐language text of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the accord conceding Puerto Rico to the United States, misspelled the island's name as Porto Rico. The treaty's ratification entrenched the error in US law and prompted a decades‐long campaign to restore the territory's original name. More than a comedy of errors, this incident exposes conflicting interpretations of US citizenship and the worthiness of different sets of citizens. Puerto Ricans discovered that the statutory citizenship they acquired was attenuated by their perceived worthiness: a status limited by their membership of the so‐called Spanish race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SCIENCE conferences, MENTAL health services, MEDICAL care, MEDICAL personnel, LEADERSHIP, HARM reduction, MORBID obesity, and HEALTH equity

Metz and colleagues (2021) articulated 15 plausible competencies of implementation practice within three domains: (a) I co-creation i (i.e., active involvement of stakeholders throughout the implementation process), (b) I ongoing improvement i (i.e., deliberate use of data, information, and feedback to bolster implementation), and (c) I sustaining change i (i.e., building capacity to support implementation support recipients' ongoing and autonomous use of evidence). Patterns of optimal implementation process have been identified by SIC Proportion (of implementation activities completed) and Duration (length of time to complete implementation activities) scores, and were used to inform development of a web-based performance system. B Methods: b COAST-IS involved site-visits, 5 virtual educational sessions, and 12 coaching sessions which led leaders and clinicians through the Implementation Mapping process (e.g., identifying implementation outcomes, performance objectives, determinants, implementation strategies, and mechanisms). In addition, key considerations for implementation include the sufficient length of time for the implementation period, regulator guidance issued prior to the law going into effect, and explicit allocation of resources for the implementation process. B Primary Funding Source: b Annie E Casey Foundation S103 Developing methods for equity guided implementation and adaptation in cancer control int... Kelly Aschbrenner1, Gina Kruse2, Karen Emmons3, Dr. Stephen Bartels4 1Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Nashua, NH, USA; 2Massachusetts General Hosp... Correspondence: Kelly Aschbrenner (kelly.aschbrenner@dartmouth.edu) B Background: b To advance equitable implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), researchers and healthcare partners need tools and strategies to identify and prioritize health equity targets and plan, adapt and monitor EBI implementation. [Extracted from the article]

BIDEN, Joe, 1942-, RUSSELL, Adam, and NATIONAL Institutes of Health (U.S.)

The article focuses on the U.S. President Joe Biden administration named a temporary overseer of the new U.S. agency for cutting-edge health research and examines that Adam Russell, an anthropologist launch ARPA-H which Congress created as an arm of the National Institutes of Health.

Background: We explored perceptions and preferences regarding the conversion of in-person to virtual conferences as necessitated by travel and in-person meeting restrictions.A 16-question online survey to assess preferences regarding virtual conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives on this subject was disseminated internationally online between June and August 2020.A total of 508 responses were received from 73 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the USA. The majority of respondents had already attended a virtual conference (80%) and would like to attend future virtual meetings (97%). The ideal duration of such an event was 2–3 days (42%). The preferred time format was a 2–4-h session (43%). Most respondents also noted that they would like a significant fee reduction and the possibility to attend a conference partly in-person and partly online. Respondents indicated educational sessions as the most valuable sections of virtual meetings. The reported positive factor of the virtual meeting format is the ability to re-watch lectures on demand. On the other hand, the absence of networking and human contact was recognized as a significant loss. In the future, people expressed a preference to attend conferences in person for networking purposes, but only in safer conditions.Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological congresses online and found it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel. However, in general, they would prefer these conferences to be structured differently. The lack of networking opportunities was the main reason for preferring an in-person meeting.• Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological meetings online, considering it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel.• In the future, it is likely for congresses to offer attendance options both in person and online, making them more accessible to a larger audience.• Respondents indicated that networking represents the most valuable advantage of in-person conferences compared to online ones.Methods: We explored perceptions and preferences regarding the conversion of in-person to virtual conferences as necessitated by travel and in-person meeting restrictions.A 16-question online survey to assess preferences regarding virtual conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives on this subject was disseminated internationally online between June and August 2020.A total of 508 responses were received from 73 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the USA. The majority of respondents had already attended a virtual conference (80%) and would like to attend future virtual meetings (97%). The ideal duration of such an event was 2–3 days (42%). The preferred time format was a 2–4-h session (43%). Most respondents also noted that they would like a significant fee reduction and the possibility to attend a conference partly in-person and partly online. Respondents indicated educational sessions as the most valuable sections of virtual meetings. The reported positive factor of the virtual meeting format is the ability to re-watch lectures on demand. On the other hand, the absence of networking and human contact was recognized as a significant loss. In the future, people expressed a preference to attend conferences in person for networking purposes, but only in safer conditions.Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological congresses online and found it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel. However, in general, they would prefer these conferences to be structured differently. The lack of networking opportunities was the main reason for preferring an in-person meeting.• Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological meetings online, considering it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel.• In the future, it is likely for congresses to offer attendance options both in person and online, making them more accessible to a larger audience.• Respondents indicated that networking represents the most valuable advantage of in-person conferences compared to online ones.Findings: We explored perceptions and preferences regarding the conversion of in-person to virtual conferences as necessitated by travel and in-person meeting restrictions.A 16-question online survey to assess preferences regarding virtual conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives on this subject was disseminated internationally online between June and August 2020.A total of 508 responses were received from 73 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the USA. The majority of respondents had already attended a virtual conference (80%) and would like to attend future virtual meetings (97%). The ideal duration of such an event was 2–3 days (42%). The preferred time format was a 2–4-h session (43%). Most respondents also noted that they would like a significant fee reduction and the possibility to attend a conference partly in-person and partly online. Respondents indicated educational sessions as the most valuable sections of virtual meetings. The reported positive factor of the virtual meeting format is the ability to re-watch lectures on demand. On the other hand, the absence of networking and human contact was recognized as a significant loss. In the future, people expressed a preference to attend conferences in person for networking purposes, but only in safer conditions.Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological congresses online and found it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel. However, in general, they would prefer these conferences to be structured differently. The lack of networking opportunities was the main reason for preferring an in-person meeting.• Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological meetings online, considering it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel.• In the future, it is likely for congresses to offer attendance options both in person and online, making them more accessible to a larger audience.• Respondents indicated that networking represents the most valuable advantage of in-person conferences compared to online ones.Conclusions: We explored perceptions and preferences regarding the conversion of in-person to virtual conferences as necessitated by travel and in-person meeting restrictions.A 16-question online survey to assess preferences regarding virtual conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives on this subject was disseminated internationally online between June and August 2020.A total of 508 responses were received from 73 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the USA. The majority of respondents had already attended a virtual conference (80%) and would like to attend future virtual meetings (97%). The ideal duration of such an event was 2–3 days (42%). The preferred time format was a 2–4-h session (43%). Most respondents also noted that they would like a significant fee reduction and the possibility to attend a conference partly in-person and partly online. Respondents indicated educational sessions as the most valuable sections of virtual meetings. The reported positive factor of the virtual meeting format is the ability to re-watch lectures on demand. On the other hand, the absence of networking and human contact was recognized as a significant loss. In the future, people expressed a preference to attend conferences in person for networking purposes, but only in safer conditions.Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological congresses online and found it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel. However, in general, they would prefer these conferences to be structured differently. The lack of networking opportunities was the main reason for preferring an in-person meeting.• Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological meetings online, considering it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel.• In the future, it is likely for congresses to offer attendance options both in person and online, making them more accessible to a larger audience.• Respondents indicated that networking represents the most valuable advantage of in-person conferences compared to online ones.Key Points: We explored perceptions and preferences regarding the conversion of in-person to virtual conferences as necessitated by travel and in-person meeting restrictions.A 16-question online survey to assess preferences regarding virtual conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives on this subject was disseminated internationally online between June and August 2020.A total of 508 responses were received from 73 countries. The largest number of responses came from Italy and the USA. The majority of respondents had already attended a virtual conference (80%) and would like to attend future virtual meetings (97%). The ideal duration of such an event was 2–3 days (42%). The preferred time format was a 2–4-h session (43%). Most respondents also noted that they would like a significant fee reduction and the possibility to attend a conference partly in-person and partly online. Respondents indicated educational sessions as the most valuable sections of virtual meetings. The reported positive factor of the virtual meeting format is the ability to re-watch lectures on demand. On the other hand, the absence of networking and human contact was recognized as a significant loss. In the future, people expressed a preference to attend conferences in person for networking purposes, but only in safer conditions.Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological congresses online and found it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel. However, in general, they would prefer these conferences to be structured differently. The lack of networking opportunities was the main reason for preferring an in-person meeting.• Respondents appreciated the opportunity to attend the main radiological meetings online, considering it a good opportunity to stay updated without having to travel.• In the future, it is likely for congresses to offer attendance options both in person and online, making them more accessible to a larger audience.• Respondents indicated that networking represents the most valuable advantage of in-person conferences compared to online ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMOKING cessation, SCIENCE databases, WEB databases, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, and CINAHL database

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among women smokers in low socio-economic status (SES) groups or women living in disadvantaged areas who are historically underserved by smoking cessation services. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials of any smoking cessation intervention among women in low SES groups or living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. A random effects meta-analysis assessed effectiveness of interventions on smoking cessation. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The GRADE approach established certainty of evidence. Results: A total of 396 studies were screened for eligibility and 11 (6153 female participants) were included. Seven studies targeted women-only. 5/11 tested a form of face-to-face support. A pooled effect size was estimated in 10/11 studies. At end of treatment, two-thirds more low SES women who received a smoking cessation intervention were more likely to stop smoking than women in control groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.68, 95% CI 1.36–2.08, I2= 34%). The effect was reduced but remained significant when longest available follow-up periods were pooled (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.48, I2 = 0%). There was moderate-to-high risk of bias in most studies. Certainty of evidence was low. Conclusions: Behavioural and behavioural + pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking cessation targeting women in low SES groups or women living in areas of disadvantage were effective in the short term. However, longer follow-up periods indicated reduced effectiveness. Future studies to explore ways to prevent smoking relapse in this population are needed. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42019130160 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MUNICIPAL services, WHITE supremacy, RACISM, PUBLIC administration, PUBLIC institutions, and CONFERENCES & conventions

The field of public administration has long resisted admitting an uncomfortable truth. Public administrattion is culpable in creating and maintaining racist, white supremacist policies and institutions through which Black, Indigenous, and other communities of color disproportionately experience prejudice and discrimination and, therefore, inequities and injustices throughout public services and society. However, few have been willing to have this difficult conversation. This Dialogue symposium seeks to contribute to this conversation, and this introduction both previews pieces in the symposium while also adding context to key concepts and discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPORTS medicine -- Societies, etc., PROFESSIONAL employee training, ORTHOPEDIC surgery, CONFERENCES & conventions, STREAMING media, ABILITY, TRAINING, and INFORMATION resources

The article offers news briefs from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), including the scheduled annual meeting in Colorado in July 2022, and the scheduled launching of the Advanced Team Physician Course (ATPC) in Savanah, Georgia in December.

METEORITES, SCIENCE conferences, SULFIDE minerals, CHONDRITES, IRON meteorites, and EARTH sciences

(1985) Chondrules in the Qingzhen type-3 enstatite chondrite: Possible precursor components and comparison to ordinary chondrite chondrules. Zolenskyite, FeCr2S4, new mineral, sulfide, Indarch meteorite, enstatite chondrite It seems likely that the FeCr SB 2 sb S SB 4 sb phase in enstatite chondrites and aubrites that occurs as exsolution lamellae in troilite is daubréelite, but additional studies are required to determine which FeCr SB 2 sb S SB 4 sb polymorphs are present in different EH3 and EL3 chondrites. Keywords: Zolenskyite; FeCr2S4; new mineral; sulfide; Indarch meteorite; enstatite chondrite EN Zolenskyite FeCr2S4 new mineral sulfide Indarch meteorite enstatite chondrite 1030 1033 4 06/01/22 20220601 NES 220601 Introduction The Indarch meteorite, which fell at Shusha, Azerbaijan on April 7, 1891, is an EH4 enstatite chondrite (Meteoritical Bulletin Database). [Extracted from the article]

FAMILIES, SCIENTIFIC knowledge, FORENSIC anthropology, SCIENCE conferences, LAUGHTER, ERYTHROBLASTOSIS fetalis, and FORENSIC biology

The article reports that Moses Schanfield, Professor at George Washington University, is presented. Topics include relationship strengthened during the collaboration in identifying victims of the war of Yugoslav disintegration; and contribution to the field resulted in the joint pioneering publication demonstrating successful identification of mass-grave remains by DNA technology.

MEDICAL personnel, SUCCESS, and DATA plans

Recent increases in the practice of parallel publication, during which a peer-reviewed manuscript is published concurrently with the first dissemination of the same key data at a medical congress as a late-breaking abstract, have highlighted substantial value for this method of publication. Parallel publication can increase access to new clinical information for healthcare providers and patients, as well as promote engagement and reach of the publication and presentation. As the practice becomes more common, there is a need for strategies to address the multiple challenges involved in the development process, such as shortened timelines, journal and congress policies, and stakeholder alignment. We surveyed journals, congresses, and publication professionals on the challenges of parallel publication and recommendations for success. Recommendations from journal editors and congress officials included the importance of adhering to timelines and early communication. Insights from a community of publication professionals showed that timelines and the author review process were among the key challenges of parallel publication development and stressed the importance of clear roles and expectations for authors. To provide real-world insights, we present 3 case studies of successful parallel publication development, highlighting the crucial role of journal selection, planning around data availability, and adapting to unpredictable circumstances. The recommendations described here may provide publication professionals with strategies to successfully plan, execute, and carry out parallel publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MILITARY spending, ITEM response theory, LEGISLATORS, LEGISLATIVE voting, PUBLIC opinion, CAMPAIGN funds, and UNEMPLOYMENT statistics

While a great deal of research has examined determinants of military spending, few studies have systematically investigated how legislators vote on defense expenditures. This study fills this important gap. Based on a sample of roll-call data on defense spending from the 112th U.S. House, we estimate legislators' ideal points through an item response model. Several interesting findings emerge. First, Republicans are more likely to favor military spending, a finding that is both statistically and substantively significant throughout our analysis. In addition, interest group campaign contributions play an important role by increasing the probability a legislator supports defense spending. Third, when a congressional district has a larger number of veterans or a lower rate of unemployment, its elected legislator is likely to favor military spending. Finally, the effect of public opinion disappears after the district demographics are controlled for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009, CIVILIANS in war, CENTRALITY, WORLD War I, BROTHERLINESS, FILIPINO Americans, TERRORISM, and MILITARY bases

I Bound by War i surveys the Philippine-U.S. relationship from U.S. acquisition in 1899 to the return of the Balangiga Bells (war booty from the Philippine-American War that followed annexation) in December 2018. Capozzola argues that the military connections were the relationship's most important aspect: "War shaped every aspect of the Pacific Century, from how Americans and Filipinos thought about each other to how they lived together" (7). These matters were most evident with Philippine Scouts and with those Filipinos who were allowed the join the U.S. Navy, most to serve as messmen and stewards (reflecting racial stereotypes). [Extracted from the article]