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TZENG, Shi-Hua and TSAI, Jia-Lin
- Preparation & Properties of Polymer NanocompositesJournal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(11):922-931
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Distribution contrainte, Stress distribution, Campo restricción, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Imide polymère, Polyimide, Imida polímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode dynamique moléculaire, Molecular dynamics method, Método dinámico molecular, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube monofeuillet, Singlewalled nanotube, Nanotubo pared única, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Simulation ordinateur, Computer simulation, Simulación computadora, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, carbon nanotubes, interfacial adhesion, nanocomposites, and stress distribution
- Abstract
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The stress distribution of CNTs embedded within polyimide matrix subjected to applied loading was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The purpose of evaluating the stress distribution of CNTs is to characterize the loading transfer efficiency between the nano-reinforcement and surrounding polyimide matrix, which basically is an essential factor controlling the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Three different interfacial adhesions between the CNTs and polyimide molecular were considered, that is, vdW interaction, CNTs with surface modification, and covalent bond. The stress distribution of the CNTs was calculated by using the Lutsko atomistic stress formulation1,2 and by taking the derivative of the potential functions as well. Results revealed that when the CNTs surface was modified, the higher load transfer efficiency from the polyimide to the CNTs was observed resulting in the higher modulus of the nanocomposites. It is noted that, if no surface modification on CNTs, the load transfer efficiency which basically depends on the intensities of the vdW interaction is relatively low. As a result, the surface modification on CNTs is an effective manner to improve the load transfer efficiency as well as the modulus of nanocomposite, which should be suggested in the fabrication of CNTs nanocomposites.
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TARAWNEH, Mou'ad A, AHMAD, Sahrim Hj, RASID, Rozaidi, YAHYA, S. Y, and NOUM, Se Yong Eh
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(6):524-532
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Caoutchouc naturel, Natural rubber, Caucho natural, Caoutchouc thermoplastique, Thermoplastic rubber, Caucho termoplástico, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Polymère fonctionnel, Functional polymer, Polímero funcional, Propriété dynamomécanique, Dynamic mechanical properties, Propiedad dinamomecánica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Traitement par ultrasons, Ultrasonic treatment, Tratamiento por ultrasonido, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Silicate lamellaire, nanocomposites, polymer-matrix composites, surface treatments, and thermoplastic natural rubber
- Abstract
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The main goal of this article was to study the effect of ultrasonic treatment time on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) nanocomposites. The intercalation of TPNR enhancement into layers of clay by increasing d-spacing was found using XRD. TEM micrograph showed a combination of intercalated-exfoliated structure of the TPNR composites with organic clay. The tensile properties of nanocomposites treated with ultrasonic increased as compared with untreated nanocomposites. The optimum ultrasonic treatment time was obtained at I h with the addition of a coupling agent (12% PP-g-MA). DMA has shown that the storage modulus E' and loss modulus E of TPNR nanocomposites had improved as compared with TPNR, the optimum results with ultrasonic effect achieved at I and 3 h. Ultrasonic treatment can promote the dispersion of the clay in TPNR and also improve the compatibility of organoclay filler and the TPNR matrix.
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HOSSAIN, Mohammad K, DEWAN, Mohammad W, HOSUR, Mahesh, and JEELANI, Shaik
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(22):1841-1856
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Argile, Clay, Arcilla, Butyrate(hydroxy) copolymère, Butyrate(hydroxy) copolymer, Butirato(hidroxi) copolímero, Coefficient dilatation thermique, Thermal expansion coefficient, Coeficiente dilatación térmica, Composite hybride, Hybrid composite, Compuesto híbrido, Copolymère aliphatique, Aliphatic copolymer, Copolímero alifático, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Ester copolymère, Ester copolymer, Ester copolímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Jute, Yute, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Montmorillonite, Montmorilonita, Moulage compression, Compression molding, Moldeo por compresión, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Valérate(hydroxy) copolymère, Valerate(hydroxy) copolymer, Valerato(hidroxi) copolímero, Biocomposite, Biopol, Copolymère biodégradable, Résistance cisaillement interlaminaire, biodegradable polymer, nanocomposites, natural fiber, surface treatment, and thermal analysis
- Abstract
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The effects of surface modification of jute fibers and nanoclay on jute―biopol green composites are evaluated by the thermal and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) characterizations. Four subsequent chemical treatments including deter- gent washing, dewaxing, alkali treatment, and acetic acid treatment were performed to facilitate better bonding between the fiber and matrix. The scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study confirmed improved fiber surfaces for better adhesion with matrix after final treatment. Enhanced thermal performance and tensile properties were obtained due to chemical treatments. Montmorillonite KI0 nanoclay (2―4wt.%) was dispersed into a biodegradable polymer, biopol, using solution intercalation technique and magnetic stirring. Nanoclay-infused biopol resulted in 7% improvement in the degree of crystallinity over the neat biopol. Jute fiber-reinforced biopol biocomposites with and without nanoclay were produced using treated and untreated jute fibers by the compression molding process. Treated jute fiber-reinforced biopol composites (TJBC) without nanoclay showed 5% and 9% increases in decomposition temperature and storage modulus, respectively, and I9% decrease in coefficient of thermal expansion compared to untreated jute fiber-reinforced biopol composites (UTJBC). The respective values were 5%, 100%, and 45% for 4% nanoclay-infused TJBC compared to UTJBC without nanoclay. ILSS evaluated by the short-beam shear tests, improved by 20% in the TJBC compared to the UTJBC. Incorporation of 4wt.% nanoclay in TJBC further improved the ILSS by 22% compared to that of TJBC without nanoclay.
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4. Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs with Surfactant and Coupling Agent on Properties of LDPE/POE Blends [2011]
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ZHIQIANG CHEN, SHUANGJUN CHEN, and JUN ZHANG
- Journal of elastomers and plastics. 43(6):543-558
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Agent surface anionique, Anionic surfactant, Agente superficie aniónico, Elastomère, Elastomer, Elastómero, Ethylène basse densité polymère, Low density ethylene polymer, Etileno baja densidad polímero, Ethylène copolymère, Ethylene copolymer, Etileno copolímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Nanotube multifeuillets, Multiwalled nanotube, Oléfine copolymère, Olefin copolymer, Olefina copolímero, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Perte diélectrique, Dielectric loss, Pérdida dieléctrica, Propriété diélectrique, Dielectric properties, Propiedad dieléctrica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété électrique, Electrical properties, Propiedad eléctrica, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Octène copolymère, coupling agent, low density polyethylene polyolefin elastomer, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and surfactant
- Abstract
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The surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) and coupling agents, γ-aminopropyltriethoxy sliane (KH550) and isopropyl dioleic (dioctylphosphate) titanate (NDZ101) were used to treat multiwalled carbon nanotubes in this work. The effects of surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites were studied. The results showed that NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a favorable effect of improving the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, but it cannot improve the interfacial interaction between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the matrix. The improvement in dispersion favored the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes had a better acceleration nucleation effect than raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes on low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer blends at low content (≤1 wt%). The tensile strength of low density polyethylene/ polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes increased with lower multiwalled carbon nanotubes content (≤1 wt%), and KH550 and NDZ101 led low density polyethylene/ polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites to possess a higher tensile strength than that of NaDDBS with 1 wt% content. NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a minor influence on the dielectric properties of the composites and even caused a decrease in the dielectric loss of composites with 10 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes content.
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RIYAJAN, S and INTHARIT, I
- Journal of elastomers and plastics. 43(6):513-528
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Bagasse, Bagazo, Canne à sucre sous produit, Sugar cane(by product), Caña de azúcar subproducto, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Modification chimique, Chemical modification, Modificación química, Méthode non destructive, Non destructive method, Método no destructivo, Polymère, Polymer, Polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, adhesion, hybrid, nondestructive testing, and wood
- Abstract
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Bagasse was modified with sodium hydroxide and silane, and the obtained three polymer composite types, namely natural fiber, sugarcane bagasse, and plaster were procured by the two-roll mill method. The characterization of the modified sugarcane bagasse was achieved with attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the presence of Si―CH3 group occurred on the bagasse surface after chemical modification. Adhesion force of cellulose changes after chemical treatment was observed from AFM. The optimum cure time (tc90) and torque of the natural fiber/plaster increased with increasing plaster loading in the composite. The modulus of the resulting composite increased with both plaster and bagasse but the tensile strength and elongation-at-break of the composite decreased as a function of plaster sugarcane bagasse. The polymer composite possesses the best properties at 5 part per hundred rubber (phr) bagasse loading and 30 phr plaster.
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OSORIO, L, TRUJILLO, E, VAN VUURE, A. W, and VERPOEST, I
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(5):396-408
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Bambou, Bamboo, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau fibre unidirectionnelle, Unidirectional fiber material, Material fibra unidireccional, Mercerisation, Mercerization, Mercerización, Module élasticité, Elastic modulus, Módulo elasticidad, Orientation fibre, Fiber orientation, Orientación fibra, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Fibre longue, bamboo fibers, mechanical properties, mechanical testing, natural fiber, and polymer matrix composites
- Abstract
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A novel mechanical extraction process was developed to obtain long bamboo fibers to be used as reinforcement in structural composites. A single-fiber tensile test at four different span lengths for fibers of the bamboo species Guadua ongustifolia was performed. Strength values of 800 MPa and Young's modulus of 43 GPa were obtained. Unidirectional bamboo fiber/epoxy composites (BFC) were produced with untreated and alkali-treated fibers to evaluate the effectiveness of the new reinforcing material. Flexural tests were performed with two fiber orientations (longitudinal and transverse). The longitudinal flexural strength is higher when untreated fibers are used while the treatment benefits the longitudinal flexural stiffness of the composite. Transverse strength increases at lower alkali concentrations, but the transverse three-point bending strength of untreated bamboo in epoxy is already quite high at around 33 MPa. The results illustrate that these bamboo fibers present a natural and renewable option to reinforce composites in several applications where glass fiber and traditional natural fibers are used nowadays.
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7. Preparation of organoclay, its copolymerization with MMA, and use to produce PVC nanocomposites [2011]
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XIAOLING HUANG, YINGYUN DING, BINGBING ZHANG, JIA LI, and HAIQUAN SU
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(24):2025-2034
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent surface polymère, Surfactant polymer, Agente superficie polímero, Ammonium quaternaire copolymère, Quaternary ammonium copolymer, Amonio cuaternario copolímero, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Copolymérisation radicalaire, Radical copolymerization, Copolimerización radical, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Montmorillonite, Montmorilonita, Méthacrylate de méthyle copolymère, Methyl methacrylate copolymer, Metacrilato de metilo copolímero, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vinylique chlorure polymère, Polyvinyl chloride, Vinílico cloruro polímero, Vinylique dérivé copolymère, Vinyl derivative copolymer, Vinílico derivado copolímero, Mélangeage état fondu, in situ polymerization, melt blending, montmorillonite, nanocomposites, and poly (vinyl chloride)
- Abstract
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Two quaternary ammonium compounds with polymerizable vinyl group were designed and synthesized for use as clay modifiers. Copolymerization of quaternary ammonium compounds modified MMT platelets with methyl methacrylat was studied under a range of different reaction conditions and two kinds of polymeric surfactant-modified MMTs wer prepared. These polymeric surfactant-modified MMTs were introduced to produce a series of PVC/MMT composites by melt compounding. XRD, TEN, and TGA confirmed that the better organic coverage of the platelets and the bigger interlayer spacing could be obtained for the copolymer of long-chain quaternary ammonium compounds modified MM and methyl methacrylate (PMMA-H-MMT). The platelet fillers with better organic coverage represented much more useful functional fillers than the conventional ammonium-treated fillers due to their potential to exfoliate to a greater extent when melt-compounded with the PVC matrices. The experiment proved that PMMA-H-MMT shows better performance in increasing thermal stability of PVC/MMT composites.
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8. Preparation and characterization of nickel coated carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites [2011]
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KUSHWAHA, Satyaprakash, KAR, Kamal K, GOPALA KRISHNAN, P. Santhana, and SHARMA, S. K
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(14):1185-1196
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Carbonate polymère, Polycarbonate, Carbonato polímero, Dépôt immersion, Dip coating, Depósito inmersión, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre revêtue, Coated fiber, Fibra revestida, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Métallisation, Metallizing, Metalización, Nickel, Niquel, Nickelage, Nickel plating, Niquelado, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Résistance abrasion, Abrasion resistance, Resistencia abrasión, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Température transition vitreuse, Glass transition temperature, Temperatura transición vítrosa, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, carbon fibers, composites, nickel coating, and polycarbonate
- Abstract
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Polycarbonate was reinforced with nickel coated carbon fiber and various composites were made by changing the fiber content. For comparative study, carbon fiber as such was also used to fabricate composites. Nickel coated carbon fiber was prepared by dip coating method. Scanning electron microscope studies indicated that the thickness of coating was in the rage of 1.0―1.8 μm on a 4―6 μm thick carbon fiber. Tensile and flexural properties of nickel coated carbon fiber composites were found to be higher than that of uncoated composites. Impact properties decreased with increase in fiber content in both coated and uncoated carbon fiber reinforced composites. Nickel coating decreased the notch sensitivity of composites. Significant improvement in abrasion properties were observed upon introduction of nickel coated carbon fibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies indicated increase in glass transition temperature with increase in nickel coated carbon fiber content. scanning electron microscope studies indicated uniform distribution of fibers. Two-step degradation was observed in air atmosphere.
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SHOUBING CHEN, QIHUA WANG, and TINGMEI WANG
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(12):1038-1044
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Huile ricin, Castor oil, Aceite ricino, Huile végétale, Vegetable oil, Aceite vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Réseau polymère interpénétré, Interpenetrating polymer network, Red polímero interpenetrado, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Siloxane(diméthyl) polymère, Dimethylsiloxane polymer, Siloxano(dimetil) polímero, Stabilité thermique, Thermal stability, Estabilidad térmica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Uréthanne polymère, Polyurethane, Uretano polímero, carbon nanotubes, loss factor, mechanical strength, and polyurethane/epoxy-interpenetrating polymer network
- Abstract
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A series of HTPDMS-toughened castor oil-based PU/EP-graft IPN composites loaded with multi-walled CNTs were prepared. The damping properties, thermal stability, tensile and impact strengths, as well as fractured surfaces of the modified IPN composites were studied systematically. Results revealed that the addition of CNTs can significantly improve the damping capacity especially when the CNTs content was 0.5%, though the thermal decomposition temperature decreased slightly. The tensile strength increased by more than 40% when the CNT contents were 0.3% and 0.5%. When the CNTs content was 0.1 %, the impact strength was also improved. It is expected that the modified composites may be used as structural damping materials.
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BASTÜRK, S. Bahar and TANO, Metin
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(18):1539-1547
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Absorption énergie, Energy absorption, Absorción energía, Adhésif, Adhesive, Adhesivo, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Aluminium, Aluminio, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mousse métallique, Metal foam, Espuma metálica, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Pressage chaud, Hot pressing, Prensado caliente, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Résistance compression, Compressive strength, Resistencia compresión, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Stratifié métal fibre FML, Fiber metal laminate, Compuesto FML, Structure sandwich, Sandwich structure, Estructura sandwich, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Effet épaisseur, Al foam, fiber/metal laminates, interface, mechanical behavior, and sandwich composites
- Abstract
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This article considers the sandwich structures with aluminium (Al) foams of various thicknesses in conjunction with skins composed of fibre-metal laminates (FML). The FMLs with Al sheet and glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP) composites were integrated with Al foam for composing the sandwich panels. The FML-foam sandwich systems were manufactured by hot pressing in a mold at 200°C under 1.5 MPa pressure. The bonding between the components of the sandwich was achieved by various surface modification techniques, i.e., silane surface treatment, PP adhesive film additition, and their combination. The Al sheet/AI foam sandwiches were also prepared by bonding the components with an epoxy adhesive for comparing the effect of GFPP on the mechanical performance of the sandwich structures. The energy absorption capacities together with compressive mechanical behavior of both Al foams and FML-foam sandwich systems were evaluated by flatwise compression tests. Experiments were performed on samples of varying foam thicknesses.
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RAMLI, R, YUNUS, R. M, BEG, M. D. H, and ISLAM, M. R
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(5):431-439
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Déchet industriel, Industrial waste, Desperdicio industrial, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Huilerie sous produit, Oil plant by product, Aceitería subproducto, Indice fluidité, Melt index, Indice fluidez, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Polymère fonctionnel, Functional polymer, Polímero funcional, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété rhéologique, Rheological properties, Propiedad reológica, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Module flexion, composite, coupling agent, oil palm clinker, and oil palm flour
- Abstract
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This study gives the comparative analysis of polypropylene (PP)/oil palm flour (OPF) and PP/oil palm clinker (OPC) composites using maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent. Ground flour and crashed OPC were compounded separately into polypropylene with and without MAPP using a twin-screw compounder. The incorporated OPF and OPC in the composites were up to 40wt%. The compounded samples were prepared into test specimens by injection molder. The composites were characterized by tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and melt flow index. The surface morphology of composites was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Incorporation of coupling agent showed better result than that of without coupling agent. Various properties of composites incorporated with OPC represented considerably close to the composites with OPF.
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AZOWA IBRAHIM, Nor, WAN YUNUS, Wan Md Zin, OTHMAN, Maizatul, and ABDAN, Khalina
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(5):381-388
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Lactique acide polymère, Lactic acid polymer, Láctico ácido polímero, Lactone polymère, Lactone polymer, Lactona polímero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mercerisation, Mercerization, Mercerización, Plastifiant, Plasticizer, Plastificante, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Propriété dynamomécanique, Dynamic mechanical properties, Propiedad dinamomecánica, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Triacétine, Triacetin, Triacetina, Biocomposite, Fibre kénaf, NaOH, biodegradable, kenaf bast fiber, plasticizer, poly(lactic acid), and triacetin
- Abstract
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Biodegradable composites were prepared by melt-blending technique using 30wt% kenaf bast fiber (KBF) to reinforce 70wt% plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The KBF was treated with various percentages of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), whereas 5% triacetin was used as plasticizer. The effects of the KBF surface treatments on the tensile, flexural, impact strength, and DMA of the biocomposites were investigated. Tensile, flexural, and impact testing results reveal that 4% of NaOH-treated KBF produced composites with optimum tensile strength (62 MPa), flexural strength (67 MPa), and the impact strength (42 kJ/m2). The removal of the lignin from the fiber during the surface treatment caused the increment in the modulus result. This finding is also supported by the dynamic mechanical analysis. The storage modulus of plasticized PLA/treated KBF is higher than the storage modulus of plasticized PLA/untreated KBF which is attributed to the enhancement of the fiber―matrix adhesion. The loss modulus results showed that the Tg of the plasticized composites was shifting to higher temperature, from 55°C for plasticized PLA/untreated KBF to 65°C for plasticized PLA/treated KBF. The increase in Tg shows that the plasticized PLA has low chain mobility when reinforced with treated KBF, indicating better interaction.
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13. A review: polystyrene/clay nanocomposites [2011]
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PANWAR, Artee, CHOUDHARY, Veena, and SHARMA, D. K
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(5):446-459
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent surface anionique, Anionic surfactant, Agente superficie aniónico, Agent surface cationique, Cationic surfactant, Agente superficie catiónico, Argile organique, Organic clay, Arcilla orgánica, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Relation mise en oeuvre structure, Structure processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha estructura, Styrène polymère, Styrene polymer, Estireno polímero, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Coulée solution, Mélangeage état fondu, intercalation, melt blending, nanocomposites, organoclay, polystyrene, and solution casting
- Abstract
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This article reviews the literature reports based on polystyrene nanocomposites using nanoclay as filler. The use of various clay surfactants and different processing conditions, i.e., in situ polymerization, melt intercalation and solution casting used for the preparation of nanocomposites and its effect on the properties and morphology is also reviewed.
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KUSHWAHA, Pradeep K and KUMAR, Rakesh
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 30(1):73-85
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Absorption eau, Water absorption, Absorción agua, Bambou, Bamboo, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Estérification, Esterification, Esterificación, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Modification chimique, Chemical modification, Modificación química, Propriété chimique, Chemical properties, Propiedad química, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance eau, Waterproofness, Impermeabilidad agua, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Biofibers, composites, mechanical properties, modification, and thermoset
- Abstract
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Chemical surface modification of woven bamboo mat with maleic anhydride, permanganate, benzoyl chloride, benzyl chloride, and pre-impregnation were carried out. These modified fibers were used as reinforcements in epoxy and polyester matrices. The effects of fiber modification on the tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption properties of the composites were investigated. Flexural properties of maleic anhydride treated bamboo polyester composites improved by nearly 50%. The tensile strength and modulus of permanganate-treated bamboo polyester composite increased by 58% and 118%. The tensile strength and modulus of benzoylated bamboo fiber polyester composite improved by 71% and 118%, respectively. After benzoylation of the bamboo fiber, the water absorption is 16% for the bamboo-epoxy composite compared to 41% by untreated bamboo-epoxy composite. The water absorption by benzylated bamboo reinforced polyester composite was 16.8% compared to 51% by untreated bamboo-polyester composite. Pre-impregnation improved the mechanical and water resistant properties of both epoxy and polyester-based composites. SEM investigations of the tensile fracture surfaces show that modifications improved the fiber-matrix interaction.
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15. Wood-plastic composites: influence of wood flour chemical modification on the mechanical performance [2010]
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FARSI, Mohammad
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(24):3587-3592
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Déchet bois, Wood waste, Desperdicio madera, Estérification, Esterification, Esterificación, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé dispersion, Dispersion reinforced material, Material renforzado dispersión, Moulage injection, Injection molding, Moldeo por inyección, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Polymère fonctionnel, Functional polymer, Polímero funcional, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Propène dérivé copolymère, Propylene derivative copolymer, Propeno derivado copolímero, Propène polymère, Propylene polymer, Propeno polímero, Relation mise en oeuvre propriété, Property processing relationship, Relación puesta en marcha propiedad, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Silane organique, Organic silane, Silano orgánico, Traitement chimique, Chemical treatment, Tratamiento químico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Farine bois, Composites, chemical modification, coupling agent, polypropylene, and wood flour
- Abstract
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This study deals with the effect of chemical modification of wood flour by components including alkaline, silane, acrylic acid and benzoyl chloride, and PP-g-MA coupling agent concentration (0 and 3 wt%) on the mechanical performance of WPCs. The samples were fabricated by melt compounding in an internal mixer and then injection molding. Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact test of modified composites were performed and compared by net polypropylene and unmodified samples. The results showed that the highest tensile and flexural resistance was observed in composites modified with alkaline and including coupling agent. Modified composites had lower impact strength than unmodified ones. Simultaneous use of chemical modification and coupling agent on mechanical properties had synergic effect. Therefore, chemical modification of wood flour improved interfacial adhesion and so increased the mechanical perfor- mance of these composites.
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LANGSTON, T. A
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(14):2156-2169
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, Acide nitrique, Nitric acid, Nítrico ácido, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre haut module, High modulus fiber, Fibra alto módulo, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mouillabilité, Wettability, Remojabilidad, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Temps traitement, Processing time, Tiempo proceso, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Vinylester résine, Vinyl ester resin, Resina vinilester, surface treatments, voids, and wettability
- Abstract
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High-strength carbon fibers were oxidized by exposure to nitric acid and single-fiber wettability predictions were compared to the actual wettability of multiple fibers in resin. Single-fiber wettability was predicted through contact-angle measurements and surface-energy calculations. Multiple-fiber wettability in resin was evaluated by immersing treated fiber bundles in catalyzed vinyl ester resin, followed by cross-sectional viewing after curing. Fiber cohesion, macro-composite void content, and transverse tensile strength were also examined as a function of fiber treatment time. Fiber surface energy increased with treatment time, suggesting improved wettability. However, fiber cohesion also increased and composite wetting was found to suffer. Increasing fiber treatment times resulted in larger unwetted areas, higher void content, and declining transverse tensile strength.
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LI, J and ZHANG, Y. F
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(11):1727-1733
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Matériaux composites, Composites, ABS, Acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno copolímero, Amide 6 polymère, Amide 6 polymer, Amida 6 polímero, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre courte, Short fiber, Fibra corta, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mélange polymère, Polymer blends, Oxydation, Oxidation, Oxidación, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, carbon fiber, interface, and tensile properties
- Abstract
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In this study acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with HNO3-treated short carbon fibers (HCFs). The effects of HCF concentration on the tensile properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the HCF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 to 30wt% resulted in improved tensile strength and tensile modulus. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide-6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/10wt% SCF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites increased tensile properties of the ABS/PA6/HCF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/HCF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SCFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix.
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18. The Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber/LDPE Composites by Fiber Surface Treatment [2010]
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SEVER, Kutlay
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(13):1921-1929
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Ethylène basse densité polymère, Low density ethylene polymer, Etileno baja densidad polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Jute, Yute, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mercerisation, Mercerization, Mercerización, Oligomère, Oligomer, Oligómero, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance cisaillement, Shear strength, Resistencia cizallamiento, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Siloxane polymère, Siloxane polymer, Siloxano polímero, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Surface rupture, Fracture surface, Superficie ruptura, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Résistance cisaillement interlaminaire, jute fiber, low-density polyethylene, polymer composite, and surface treatment
- Abstract
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In this study, the effect of oligomeric siloxane on the mechanical properties of jute fabric-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites is examined. After alkali treatment of jute fabric, oligomeric siloxane treatment is conducted to promote adhesion between jute fiber and polyethylene matrix. Mechanical properties of fabricated composites such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were evaluated. The tensile strength is observed to increase from 17.5 MPa for untreated jute fabric/LDPE composite to 27.7 MPa for oligomeric siloxane-treated alkalized jute fabric/LDPE composite. Provided that jute fabric is treated with alkali and oligomeric siloxane, a 39% increase is observed in the flexural strength. It is interesting to note that the effect of siloxane treatment after alkalization procedure of jute fabric on ILSS of jute/LDPE composite is due to the fact that 98% improvement is obtained. It can be observed that the adhesion between jute fiber and LDPE also improves to a great extent through both alkali and oligomeric siloxane treatment, respectively. These results are also confirmed by the SEM observations of fracture surfaces of jute/LDPE composites.
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19. Tensile and Thermal Parameters of Natural Fabrics and Polymer Coating Effect on Hildegardia Fabric [2010]
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JAYARAMUDU, J, JAGADEESH, Dani, VARADA RAJULU, A, and GUDURI, B. R
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(11):1664-1668
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Fibres et fils, Fibers and threads, Angiospermae, Dicotyledones, Spermatophyta, Agent accrochage, Coupling agent, Agente enganche, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Mercerisation, Mercerization, Mercerización, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Renforcement mécanique, Strengthening, Refuerzo mecánico, Sterculiaceae, Styrène polymère, Styrene polymer, Estireno polímero, Tissu enduit, Coated fabric, Tejido con capa resina sintética (una o dos caras), Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Hildegardia polulipolia, Sterculia urens, natural fabrics, polymer coating, reinforcement, tensile properties, and thermal degradation
- Abstract
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Studies on some properties such as mechanical, degradation temperatures, and features of the ligno-cellulose fabrics were carried out in both untreated and alkali-treated form. The alkali-treated fabrics are found to have higher initial and final degradation temperatures and tensile modulii. The removal of the amorphous hemi-cellulose on alkali treatment may be the reason for the improved properties. The fabric of Hildegurdia was coated with polystyrene and its effect on tensile properties was also studied. The tensile properties were found to improve on alkali treatment, polymer coating and the coupling agent.
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SURYA NATH CHAUDHARY, BORKAR, S. P, and MANTHA, S. S
- Journal of reinforced plastics and composites. 29(15):2241-2252
- Subjects
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Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Traitement des déchets, Waste treatment, Chanvre, Hemp, Cáñamo, Déchet plastique, Plastic waste, Residuo plástico, Effet concentration, Concentration effect, Efecto concentración, Emballage matière plastique, Plastic bag packaging, Empaque material plástico, Ethylène polymère, Polyethylene, Etileno polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre naturelle, Natural fiber, Fibra natural, Fibre végétale, Plant fiber, Fibra vegetal, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Moulage compression, Compression molding, Moldeo por compresión, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance choc, Impact strength, Resistencia choque, Résistance flexion, Bending strength, Resistencia flexión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Module flexion, composites, mechanical properties, sunnhemp fiber, and waste polyethylene bags
- Abstract
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The present article expounds the development of sunnhemp fiber-reinforced waste polyethylene bag composites. No surface modifications of fibers were made. Sunnhemp fibers of 25.4mm in length with waste polyethylene bags were stacked and composite materials were fabricated using hot compression molding technique. These composites were prepared at different fiber volume fraction (Vf) varying from 0.10 to 0.50. Mechanical properties at different volume fractions of fibers were investigated. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of composites containing upto 0.30 Vf were found to increase linearly with Vf and the results showed good agreement with the rule of mixtures. However, beyond 0.30 Vf there was a significant deterioration in the mechanical properties. The work of fracture determined by Izod impact test shows increased impact strength with increased fiber volume fraction up to 0.20 and then a decrease thereafter. The result of this study suggests that sunnhemp fibers have potential as reinforcing material in waste polyethylene bags to produce inexpensive thermoplastic composite materials with a high toughness for various applications like door panels, furniture, packaging, etc. Thus environmental pollution due to waste polyethylene bags can be minimized.
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