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Multidisciplinary, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Entomology, History, Order (virtue), Fauna, Character (symbol), Ethnology, and Order Hemiptera

ENTOMOLOGY is finding a new centre in Buenos Ayres; synchronous with the first part of Dr. Burmeister's treatise on the Lepidoptera of the Argentine Fauna, lately noticed in these columns, has appeared the above work on the less popular and very much less known order Rhynchota. In common with many entomologists, we use this last term rather than that of Hemiptera, as written by our author, for the following reasons. Linnaeus founded the order Hemiptera, but included therein non-allied insects, to which the name Orthoptera was ultimately applied by Olivier, whilst Fabricius was the first to separate the true “bugs,” under the name of Ryngota, which was afterwards linguistically purified into Rhynchota. Not only, however, did the great Swedish naturalist first propound the order Hemiptera, but we are also indebted to Sweden, in the person of the late Prof. Stal, for gathering together with critical and exhaustive care the descriptive work of an intervening century, and, by the help of a splendid collection formed at Stockholm, reducing the classification to a system, and making the study of the order a possibility. It is this system which is followed by Prof. Berg in the modest work under notice, which is not a monograph, but rather an enumeration of the known species, accompanied by descriptions of new ones. The work is therefore special in its character and classificatory in its aim; no biological conclusions are attempted nor structural details given, save such as appertain to generic or specific diagnosis. Its value therefore is to the student of the local fauna and the generaliser in the study of geographical distribution. Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit Carolus Berg (Curonus). Bonariae, ex typographiae Pauli E. Coni. Hamburgo, in biblopolio gassmannii. (Frederking et Graf, 1879.)

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Reduviidae, and Reduvius

Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893 (Figs 23–26) Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893:265 (original description).Junior homonym of Reduvius (Harpiscus) reuteri Distant, 1879: 125. Synonymized with Acanthaspis (now Neotrichedocla) quadrisignata Stål, 1855, by JEANNEL (1919: 209). Reduvius reuteri: LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1896): 100 (catalogue). Reduvius Reuterianus Kirkaldy, 1909a: 388, new substitute name for Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893. Type locality. ‘Africa centralis (HOLUB)’ [= Southern and southern-central Africa between Cape Town and Kafue River, Zambia]. Type material examined. SYNTYPE: 1 (HNHM), ‘Holub [p, pink label] // Reuteri Horv. [Horváth’s hw, underlined in red hw] / det. Horváth [p] // 4-signata [Horváth’s hw] / det. Horváth [p] // Edocla / quadrisignata Stål [Horváth’s hw]’ (pinned through scutellum, flagellum of left, distiflagellum of right antenna, left fore and hind legs, right middle leg, tarsi of left middle and right hind legs lacking) (Figs 23–26). Current status. Junior subjective synonym of Neotrichedocla quadrisignata (Stål, 1855) (synonymized by JEANNEL 1919: 209, hereby confirmed). Distribution of Neotrichedocla quadrisignata. Angola (HESSE 1925, as Trichedocla quadrisignata); Botswana (SCHUMACHER 1913, as Edocla quadrisignata; KRÜGER & DECKERT 2006); Cameroon (SCHOUTEDEN 1931, as Trichedocla quadrisignata); Democratic Republic of the Congo (SCHOUTEDEN 1931, as Edocla quadrisignata); Namibia (HESSE 1925, as Trichedocla quadrisignata; REAVELL 2000); South Africa (STÅL 1855, as Acanthaspis 4-signata, type locality in Natal; REAVELL 2000), Zimbabwe (MILLER 1953, as Trichedocla quadrisignata; REAVELL 2000). Remarks. HORVÁTH (1893) described the species based on an unspecified number of males. A single male syntype (Figs 23–26) is deposited in the HNHM. The confused nomenclatural history involving the names Acanthaspis dubius Walker, 1873, Acanthaspis dubia Reuter, 1881, Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893, Acanthaspis reuteri Letherry & Severin, 1896, Reduvius reuterianus Kirkaldy, 1909, Acanthaspis reuteri Schouteden, 1909, Acanthaspis reuterianus Schouteden, 1909, and Acanthaspis reuteriellus Schouteden, 1931 (see JEANNEL 1919, HESSE 1925, SCHOUTEDEN 1931, MALDONADO CAPRILES 1990), was correctly resolved by KERZHNER (1992: 53).
Published as part of Kment, Petr & Rédei, Dávid, 2018, A revision of the types of Heteroptera species described by Géza Horváth based on specimens from collections of Ladislav Duda and Emil Holub, pp. 275-295 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 283, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0025, http://zenodo.org/record/3699290
{"references":["HORVATH G. 1893: Hemiptera nova africana. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 15 (4) [1892]: 254 - 267.","DISTANT W. L. 1879: Descriptions of new species of Hemiptera, collected by Dr. Stoliczka during the Forsyth Expedition to Kashgar in 1873 - 74. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1879: 121 - 126.","STAL C. 1855: Hemiptera fran Kafferlandet. [Hemiptera from Caffraria]. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 12: 27 - 47 (in Swedish and Latin).","JEANNEL R. 1919: III. Henicocephalidae et Reduviidae. Pp. 131 - 314 + pls. v-xii. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale, 1911 - 1912. Resultats scientifiques. Insectes Hemipteres. L. Lhomme, Paris.","LETHIERRY L. & SEVERIN G. 1896: Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome III. Heteropteres. Tingidae, Phymatidae, Aradidae, Hebridae, Hydrometridae, Henicocephalidae, Reduvidae, Saldidae, Apophilidae, Ceratocombidae, Cimicidae, Anthocoridae. Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","KIRKALDY G. W. 1909 a: Hemiptera, old and new, No. 2. Canadian Entomologist 41: 388 - 392.","HESSE A. J. 1925: Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa. IV. A list of the Heteropterous and Homopterous Hemiptera of South-West Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 23 (1): 1 - 190.","SCHOUTEDEN H. 1931: Catalogues raisonnes de la faune entomologique du Congo Belge. Part I. Hemiptera-Reduviidae. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Section II 1 (2): 97 - 161.","REAVELL P. E. 2000: The assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) of South Africa. Available from: http: // www. ru. ac. za / media / rhodesuniversity / resources / martin / reduviidae. html (Accessed 25 April 2018)","MILLER N. C. E. 1953: Notes on the biology of the Reduviidae of Southern Rhodesia. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 27 (6): 541 - 672, plates I-IX.","SCHOUTEDEN H. 1909: Catalogues raisonnes de la faune entomologique du Congo. I. Hemipteres-Heteropteres, Fam. Pentatomidae. Annales du Musee du Congo Belge, Zoologie, Serie III, Section II 1 (1): 1 - 85 + pls. I-II.","MALDONADO CAPRILES J. 1990: Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta, Heteroptera). Caribbean Journal of Sciences, Special Edition. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, x + 694 pp.","KERZHNER I. M. 1992: Nomenclatural and bibliographic corrections to J. Maldonado Capriles (1990) \" Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera) \". Zoosystematica Rossica 1: 46 - 60."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Lineostethus

Lineostethus clypeatus (Stål, 1862) Distribution: United States: AZ (Van Duzee 1917, Konstantinov & Gapon 2005), TX (Barber 1906, Van Duzee 1917, Torre-Bueno 1931, Garbelotto et al. 2018). (Mexico, Central America) Comments: This species was not included in the Froeschner (1988) catalog.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 3), 81 - 118.","Van Duzee, E. P. (1917) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications Entomology 2. University of California press, Berkeley, California, xiv + 902 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29381","Konstantinov, F. V. & Gapon, D. A. (2005) On the structure of the aedeagus in shield bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae): 1. Subfamilies Discocephalinae and Phyllocephalinae. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 84 (2), 334 - 352. [in Russian; English translation in: Entomological Review, 85 (3), 221 - 235]","Barber, H. G. (1906) Hemiptera from southwestern Texas. Science Bulletin, Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 1 (9), 255 - 289.","Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la (1931) Heteroptera collected by G. P. Engelhardt in the south and west - II. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 26, 135 - 139.","Garbelotto, T. de A., Kochenborger, A. P. L. & Campos, L. A. (2018) Revision of Lineostethus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalini). Zoologia, 35, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 35. e 21232","Froeschner, R. C. (1988) Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. The stink bugs. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, pp. 544 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 30"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Gargaphia, and Gargaphia brunfelsiae

Gargaphia brunfelsiae, n. sp. Cabe��a armada com 5 espinhos claros, sendo o mediano um pouco mais longo do que os posteriores. Rostro longo alcan��ando a base do mesosterno. Antenas longas, o 1.�� segmento longo, escuro; o 2.�� curto e castanho; o 3.�� longo, ferrugineo e 4 vezes maior que o l.��. Pronoto pouco convexo, tricarinado; carinas n��o mui salientes: a vesicula n��o muito avan��ada para a frente; paranotes com 3 carreiras de ar��olas na sua maior largura. Elitros largos, levemente serreados; area costal com 3 carreiras de areolas e 4 na seu maior largura; subcostal triareolada no principio, depois com 4 carreiras; discoidal com 4 carreiras de areolas na sua maior largura e com leve secre����o no apice. Na area costal no l.�� ter��o uma mancha escura. Comp. 3.30: largura 2.0 mms. Holotipo e alotipo na minha cole����o. Paratipos in��meros na minha cole����o e no Instituto de Biologia Vegetal do Rio. Colecionada sobre Brunfelsia, sp. (Manac�� do campo), em Belo Horizonte. A presente esp��cie �� muito proxima de G. munda (Stal), dela se afastando pelos paranotas mais largos e area discoidal mais alta. Gargaphia brunfelsiae, Monte
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1938, Novos Tingitideos, pp. 64 in O Campo 98 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4784144

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, and Leptocysta

Leptocysta Stal, 1873 Leptocysta ��� Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., III: 122 e 127; Berg, 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. H��m. III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.: 61; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hemipt. Heteropt., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe & Poor, 1936, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 10 (4): 386; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103. Hapl��tipo: Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (= Tingis sexnebulosa Stal) Ves��cula ��� Muito alongada, alta, apertada e afilada anteriormente, e extendendo-se muito al��m da cabe��a; ligeiramente curvada na margem superior. Pronoto ��� Fortemente alargado; tricarenado. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, igual ou mais alta do que a ves��cula; as laterais muito baixas, uniareoladas, curtas, e ��s vezes pouco distintas. Antenas ��� Longas com o primeiro segmento com o dobro do comprimento do segundo; o terceiro bastante alongado. Paranotos ��� Muito largos, com ou sem espinhos nas margens, ligeiramente levantados. Elitros ��� Achatados, largos, muito mais longos do que o abd��men, subquadrados ou arredondados, com as margens espinhosas ou n��o, a parte 1 Recebido para publica����o a 27 de junho de 1946. anterior estreitada; ��rea costal muito larga; subcostal muito estreita (bisseriada); discoidal alongada atingindo al��m da metade dos ��litros. B��cula ��� Muito alta. Abertura rostral alcan��ando o ��ltimo par de patas, profunda, com l��minas altas. Rostro ��� Alcan��ando a parte final da abertura rostral. Patas ��� Longas. Distribui����o geogr��fica ��� Toda a Am��rica do Sul, exceto Chile. Pertence �� subfam��lia Tinginae, e cont��m este g��nero tr��s esp��cies, com a nova esp��cie agora incluida. Perfeitamente distinto, por��m ligeiramente relacionado com Corythaica Stal, do qual se afasta pela largura dos ��litros e paranotos; pela subcostal estreitada; pela discoidal achatada; e pelas antenas bem mais longas. �� todavia, bem mais pr��ximo de Ammianus Distant, 1904, da ��ndia, do qual se distingue pelo formato da ves��cula e dos paranotos. CHAVE DAS ESP��CIES 1. Com espinhos nas margens dos ��litros.................................. 2 ��� Sem tais espinhos.................................................................. novatis DraKe 2. Margem espinhosa na parte central; ��litros em declive no in��cio, depois retos................................................................. sexnebulosa Stal ��� Margem espinhosa em toda a sua extens��o; ��litros arredondados................................................................................ tertia n. sp.
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptocysta, and Leptocysta sexnebulosa

Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (Figs. 1-2) Tingis sexnebulosa Stal, 1860, Rio Hem., I: 64; WalKer, 1873, Cat. Hem. Het. VI: 181. Leptocysta sexnebulosa Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., Ill: 127; Berg, ( nee Stal), 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. Hern, III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc.: 61, pl. II, fgs. 1010a.; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hem. Het., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe, 1930, Amer. Mus. Nov. n. 398: 1; DraKe, 1931, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24: 511; DraKe & Hambleton, 1934, Rev. Ent., Rio de Janeiro, 4 (4): 442; DraKe, 1935, Konovia, 14 (1): 17; DraKe & Poor, 1937, Mem. Carn. Mus., 11: 306, pl. 39, fig. 13; Monte, 1937, Rodriguesia, II (8): 34, fg. 3; Monte, 1938, Bol. Biol., Ill (3-4): 131; DraKe & Poor, 1939, Physis, 17: 98; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 193; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 101; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103; Bosq, 1940, Rev. Soc. Ent. Arg., 10 (5): 412; DraKe & Hambleton, 1945, J. Wash. Ac. Sci., 35 (11): 359. Cabe��a completamente coberta pela ves��cula e com leve secre����o esbranqui��ada, trazendo cinco espinhos longos, delgados e dirigidos para frente: o par anterior quase deitado na superf��cie da cabe��a, o espinho mediano quase alcan��ando a extremidade do par posterior, e este por sua vez alcan��a mais ou menos a metade do primeiro segmento antenal. Olhos salientes. B��cula larga, alta, geralmente formada por tr��s carreiras de ar��olas, das quais a inferior �� bem mais larga. Abertura rostral larga, profunda, alargando-se para a extre�� midade, a l��mina desta abertura �� largamente uniareolada. Rostro relativamente curto, alcan��ando o segundo par de patas. Ves��cula muito alongada, apertada, afilada, e tendo na parte inferior um profundo sulco, e manchada de preto na base e ��pice. Antenas amareladas, os 2/3 apicais do ��ltimo segmento, pretos. O primeiro segmento o dobro do segundo; o terceiro quase tr��s vezes o comprimento do quarto, este levemente mais longo do que a soma dos dois primeiros. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, mais alta do que a ves��cula, geralmente formada de tr��s largas ar��olas na sua maior largura, tendo as partes anterior e posterior, manchadas de preto; as laterais muito baixas, formadas de uma s�� carreira de ar��olas, ligeiramente mais baixas atr��s, com leve inclina����o para fora. Paranotos extraordinariamente largos, dirigidos para cima, com ligeira sinuosidade, marginados de espinhos curtos, formados em sua maior largura com 6-7 carreiras de ar��olas irregulares, muitas delas foscas, entretanto as duas primeiras carreiras s��o dispostas com regularidade, sendo a primeira delas formada de c��lulas menores. Pronoto pouco elevado, castanho, com alguns p��los dourados. A por����o triangular formada de c��lulas largas. Elitros muito largos, em parte marginado de espinhos. ��rea costal muito larga, iniciando-se com duas ar��olas, depois tr��s, regularmente 4, por vezes 5 e 6 carreiras de c��lulas irregularmente dispostas; estas ar��olas s��o largas, exce^ to no ter��o anterior onde se forma u���a mancha escura, onde se apresentam bem menores. Esta ��rea �� bem estreitada na frente, segue em linha obliqua, depois reta onde alcan��a a sua maior largura, e na sua parte final nota-se uma outra mancha escura que interessa a sutural. ��rea subcostal muito estreita, bisseriada. ��rea discoidal muito larga e longa, alcan��ando muito al��m da metade dos ��litros, geralmente com seis carreiras de c��lulas, escurecida, por��m com algumas destas c��lulas claras. Patas longas e amareladas, com tarsos escuros. Parte inferior do corpo, castanha. Comprimento 4.61 mm.; largura 2.95 mm. Distribui����o ��� Brasil (Rio de Janeiro; Belo Horizonte e Vi��osa, M. Gerais; Corumb��, Mato Grosso; Nova Teutonia, S. Catarina). Argentina (Chacabuco e Rosas, B. Aires; Corrientes, Capital; S. Inacio, Missiones). Colombia (Aracataca, Madalena). Paraguai (Chaco, Rio Negro e Vila Rica). Per�� (Satipo). Venezuela (Los Canales, Naiguata, Aragua). Planta hospedeira ��� Mikania, sp. (Composta) e Vernonia, sp. (Assa Peixe) (Composta) Tipo ��� Museu de Stocolmo (Su��cia), do Rio de Janeiro
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Metallic materials, Metallurgy, Hammer, law.invention, law, and Materials science

At sintering plants which process fused sinter, the l imestone is ground in hammer mills. The coarse l i m e stone entering the mil l is reduced by fr ict ion with the beater (hammers) and the fine fraction passes through the grate into a special bunker. The mater ia l is then screened, the 0-3 mm fraction going to the charge and the remainder being returned to the mil l . During operation, the beaters are subjected to abrasive act ion from contact with the l imestone, and dynamic stresses from impacts with pieces of mater ia l . In most plants, the beaters are buil t up manual ly using T590 and T-620 electrodes, or electrodes with a coat ing of stal ini te. This bui lding-up is very difficult and t imeconsuming. With manual building-up i t is diff icult to arrange that the weight of the restored components is the same, and the difference in the weight of the hammers leads to considerable imba lance in the rotor. Furthermore, manual bui lding-up does not provide sufficient durabi l i ty of the beaters. The bui l t -up layer often becomes pit ted during operation. In recent years, the Paton Zlectrowelding Insti tute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR has developed a method for the automat ic bui lding-up of beaters in an annosphere of carbon dioxide, using direct current of reverse polar i ty with the A-537M automat ic machine, by the method of forced forming of the new metal . The section which is to be built up is surrounded on four sides by a copper form a mold, cooled by water. The mater ia l used was PP-U45Kh23G6T powder wire, fusing with the base meta l of steel 40-45 to give the following chemica l composit ion of the bui l t -up layer, %: C Cr Mn Ti 4.2 -4.7 21-28 3.5 -5.0 0.4-0.6 Before bui lding-up, each blank was heated to 550600 ~ The bui l t -up beaters were cooled slowly in the furnace. After building-up, the hardness was 84757 R c. The results of the Electrowelding Institute show that the l i fe of exper imental beaters buil t up by the gase lec t r ica l method is several t imes higher when grinding coal (compared with beaters buil t up manual ly by e l ec trodes with a s tal ini te coating). Owing to the fact that this method has not yet been extended to steel plants, i t is not yet possible to judge the durabi l i ty of beaters used for grinding flux. In steel plants, extensive use is made of heat t rea t ment to strengthen the beaters. Thus, at the Magnitogorsk t00-110 295

Orthoptera and Tettigoniidae

While I was at the Instituto Español de Entomología in Madrid in 1962, my colleague Sr. E. Morales Agacino showed me two males of Apoecides madagascariensis Bolivar, a species hitherto known only from the female holotype ; Sr. Morales asked me if I would describe the male sex and kindly lent me the two specimens for this purpose. I have since found two further males amongst a comprehensive collection of Madagascan Tettigoniidae that I have on loan from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, through the courtesy of Dr. L. Chopard. The monotypic genus Apoecides Bolivar belongs to the Copiphorinae, and has the general appearance of a brachypterous version of Pseudorhynchus Stäl; it differs from that genus, however, in having well-developed lateral carinae on the pronotum. With the exception of the genitalia, the description of the male given below also applies to the female.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Lasiacantha, and Lasiacantha windorah

Lasiacantha windorah, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3b, 6) Holotype. ♂, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 33 km E of Windorah, 25.51065 ° S 142.8839 ° E, 200 m, 03 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, ex sweeping (37405) (QM). Diagnosis. Lasiacantha windorah (Fig. 6) is recognised by the following combination of characters: mostly uniform, pale colouration of dorsum, stramineous and orange brown, small red brown flecks; antennae unicolourous, orange brown; major setiferous tubercles on pronotum and hemelytra moderately elongate, terminal seta equal to length of tuberculate base; costal area with setiferous tubercles extending to posterior hemelytral margin; pronotal carinae and carinate margins of discoidal area with major setiferous tubercles; posterior angle of discoidal area without clump of setiferous tubercles; pronotum and hemelytra with woolly setae only; woolly setae moderately elongate, curly, creamy gold; abdominal venter with straight, pale, short, scalelike setae; cephalic spines short, medial spine straight; paranota two areolae wide, areolae large; costal area one areolae wide, areolae large, quadrate; areolae in subcostal, discoidal and sutural areas small; sternal carinae parallel, all equal width. Description. Medium size, brachypterous (Fig. 6); male 2.87. COLOURATION. Dorsum pale, mostly stramineous and orange brown with few flecks of darker red brown. Head: dark brown; cephalic spines pale brown; bucculae stramineous; labium base orange brown, mostly dark brown; antennae orange brown. Pronotum: disc red brown, diminishing posteriorly to stramineous; paranota stramineous, rarely with flecks of darker red brown; collum unknown; carinae stramineous, medial carina with a darker red brown stripe medially. Thoracic pleura and sterna: pleura red brown, supracoxal lobes slightly paler, margins stramineous; mesosternum dark brown; sternal carinae stramineous. Legs: mostly orange brown; tarsi red brown. Hemelytra: stramineous to orange brown; costal and discoidal areas sometimes with darker red brown flecks. Abdomen: red brown. VESTITURE. White microtrichiae present latero-ventrally on thorax and head. Head: dense distribution of moderately elongate, curly, creamy gold, woolly setae; absent in longitudinal rows between occipital and medial spines; antennae with minor setiferous tubercles, pale colour, AI–AII with double row of setiferous tubercles with moderately elongate curved terminal seta, AIII setiferous tubercles with greatly elongate with straight terminal seta. Pronotum: paranota margins with moderately elongate major setiferous tubercles, terminal seta equal length to tuberculate base; keel of collum unknown and pronotal carinae also with major setiferous tubercles; disc with dense distribution of elongate, curly, creamy gold, woolly setae, same setae as head; collum unknown, paranota and pronotal carinae with also with woolly setae, sparsely distributed. Thoracic pleura and sterna: pleura with dense distribution of moderately elongate woolly setae as on dorsum, less dense and shorter on supracoxal lobes; mesosternum with sparse distribution of short scalelike setae. Legs: minor setiferous tubercles, terminal seta pale colour, elongate, erect, bristlelike; shorter and thickened on femora. Hemelytra: costal margins with major setiferous tubercles as on paranota, extending to posterior margin of hemelytra; major setiferous tubercles on carinate margins of discoidal area and cubitus + R+M vein, not clumped (aggregated) at anterior angle of discoidal area; moderately dense distribution of woolly setae, same as pronotum, on costal, subcostal and discoidal areas. Abdomen: moderately dense distribution of short, straight, pale, scalelike setae, as on mesosternum. STRUCTURE. Head: spines short; frontal spines parallel, shorter than AI; medial spine straight; occipital spines straight, not extending past outer margin of eye; labium elongate, extending to posterior margin of metasternum; antennae, AI short and only slightly longer than AII, AIV with compact base, before weakly clavate apex. Pronotum: disc flat; collum unknown; carinae moderately elevated, one areole wide; lateral carinae unthickened; paranota expanded, semi-circular, two areolae wide, areolae large. Thoracic sterna: sternal carinae straight, metasternal carinae equal width to mesosternal carinae. Hemelytra: areolae small, subequal size over entire hemelytra, excluding costal area; costal area one areolae wide, areolae large, quadrate; subcostal area three areolae wide; discoidal area four areolae wide; sutural area three areolae wide. Male genitalia: not examined. MEASUREMENTS. For 1 ♂ is given in Table 6. Host plant. Unknown, but labelled ‘ex. sweeping’ which indicates it may be from grasses. Distribution. The only specimen is from one locality in the desert region of southwestern Queensland (Fig. 3b). Etymology. After type locality. Remarks. The holotype is badly damaged. This species is similar to L. leai, but differs from it by having broader paranota, body size being very slightly larger, slightly paler dorsal colouration, short cephalic spines, shorter, woolly setae on dorsum (more elongate and hairlike on L. leai), and metasternal carinae straight (convex in L. leai)
Published as part of Cassis, Gerasimos & Symonds, Celia, 2011, Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the lace bug genus Lasiacantha Stål in Australia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) 2818, pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 2818 (1) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2818.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5289063

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Bollworm, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Beneficial insects, Toxicology, Chrysopa, Infestation, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, PEST analysis, Pest control, business.industry, business, Cabbage looper, and Botany

Five season-long insecticidal control programs were compared for their impact on pest and beneficial insects in a 240-acre cotton field. The pest species encountered were Lygus Hesperus Knight; the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). The beneficial insects assessed were a minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White); a big-eyed bug, Gcoeoris pallnes Stal; a collops beetle, Gollops vittatus (Say); a damsel bug, Nabis americoferus Carayon; and a green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens. L. hespems was suppressed most effectively by 5 applications of toxaphene-malathion, 4 applications of Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N, N -dimethyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), and 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT, All chemicals were applied when an average of 2 or more L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was encountered. In another toxaphene-DDT program, 3 treatments applied each time an average of 10 L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was found resulted in moderate reduction of this species. The abundance of L. hesperus in the control exceeded the recommended treatment level of 10 bugs per 50 net sweeps in 7 out of 13 weekly samples taken from June 6 to August 30. During the period of L. hesperus control, predator abundance was severely reduced in the toxaphene-malathion and the 2 Bidrin programs. It was moderately reduced where 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT were made and less severely so in the limited toxaphene-DDT program (3 applications). In August, an outbreak of cabbage looper occurred in all the chemical programs. By contrast, the control which had retained its predator populations suffered the lowest infestation and the least damage. One of the Bidrin programs was not treated and was extensively defoliated by cabbage looper. The other Bidrin program was treated at weekly intervals with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and was not seriously damaged. Two applications of toxaphene-DDT gave the most effective chemical control of cabbage looper. In late August and September, bollworm was significantly reduced in the programs receiving I and 3 applications of toxaphene-DDT, but unaffected by 3 applications of toxaphene-carbaryl and 4 of B. thuringiensis . The Bidrin program, which had been heavily defoliated by cabbage looper, was not treated for bollworm, yet the bollworm infestation remained below that found in the control. Four evaluations of boll set made during the season at periodic intervals showed no significant differences between any of the chemical programs and the control. However, in the final boll count made following the period of bollworm infestation the degree of bollworm damage was lowest in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the Bidrin program, which had not been treated for bollworm. Correspondingly, at harvest, the highest yields were produced in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the latter Bidrin program. But, only the toxaphene-DDT program which had received the least number of applications produced a significantly greater amount of cotton than the control.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Cicadellidae

Paralimnina Distant, 1908 Fig. 43 Type genus: Paralimnus Matsumara, 1902. Diagnosis Paralimnina can be distinguished from Aglenina by their smaller size and their coloration, which is typically not black and yellow as in Aglena ornata. Description As in tribal description. Remarks Paralimnina contains 138 genera and 930 species. Only the genera occurring in European Russia and adjacent territories were considered in the placement of genera to subtribes recognized by Dmitriev (2004). All of the other genera that were left unplaced to subtribe in Paralimnini are placed here in Paralimnina. Commellus Osborn & Ball, 1902 and Flexarida Whitcomb & Hicks, 1993 were both listed as unplaced to tribe in Deltocephalinae by Oman et al. (1990) and are placed here in Paralimnina. Pasaremus is transferred to Paralimnina from Cicadulini, in which it was placed by Oman et al. (1990). It does not possess the characteristic long sclerotized segment X or other features of Cicadulini, and it possesses a tapered clypellus and a ‘linear’ connective articulated with the aedeagus which are characteristic of Paralimnina. Included genera Acharis Emeljanov, 1966 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Adarrus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Aflexia Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Agudus Oman, 1938 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Alapus DeLong & Sleesman, 1929 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Altaiotettix Vilbaste, 1965 Anareia Vilbaste, 1965 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Anargella Emeljanov, 1972 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Araldus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Arocephalus Ribaut, 1946 Arthaldeus Ribaut, 1946 Auridius Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Bhavapura Chalam & Rama Subba Rao, 2005 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Calamotettix Emeljanov, 1959 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Caloduferna Webb, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Canariotettix Lindberg, 1954 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Caphodellus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Cazenus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Cedarotettix Theron, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Changwhania Kwon, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Chelidinus Emeljanov, 1962 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Chloothea Emeljanov, 1959 Cleptochiton Emeljanov, 1959 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Coelestinus Emeljanov, 1962 Coganus Theron, 1978 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Commellus Osborn & Ball, 1902 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Deltocephalinae) Connectivus Xing & Li, 2012 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Cosmotettix Ribaut, 1942 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Cribrus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Ctenotettix Novikov & Anufriev, 2005 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Cumbrenanus DeLong & Cwikla, 1984 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Destitutus Xing & Li, 2011 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Diplocolenus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Ebarrius Ribaut, 1946 Elginus Theron, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Emeljanovianus Dlabola, 1965 Enantiocephalus Haupt, 1926 Errastunus Ribaut, 1946 Erzaleus Ribaut, 1952 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Falcitettix Linnavuori, 1953 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Flexamia DeLong, 1926 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Flexarida Whitcomb & Hicks, 1993 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Deltocephalinae) Futasujinoidella Kwon & Lee, 1979 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Futasujinus Ishihara, 1953 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Giprus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Gobicuellus Dlabola, 1967 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Goldeus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Hebecephalus DeLong, 1926 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Hebexa Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Hengchunia Vilbaste, 1969 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Henschia Lethierry, 1892 Hiltus Theron, 1974 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Histipagus Remane & Asche, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Ibadarrus Remane & Asche, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Jannius Theron, 1982 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Jassargus Zachvatkin, 1933 Jilinga Ghauri, 1974 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Kaszabinus Dlabola, 1965 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Kazachstanicus Dlabola, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Ladya Theron, 1982 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Laevicephalus DeLong, 1926 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Latalus DeLong & Sleesman, 1929 Lebradea Remane, 1959 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Lecacis Theron, 1982 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Lemellus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Maximianus Distant, 1918 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini) Mayawa Fletcher, 2000 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mendrausus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mendreus Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mesolimnella Dlabola, 1994 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Metagoldeus Remane & Asche, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Metalimnus Ribaut, 1948 Micrelloides Evans, 1973 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Micropedeticus Stiller, 2009 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Miraldus Lindberg, 1960 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mocuola Emeljanov, 1964 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mogangella Dlabola, 1957 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mogangina Emeljanov, 1962 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Mongolojassus Zachvatkin, 1953 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Multiproductus Xing, Dai & Li, 2011 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Myittana Distant, 1908 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Nanosius Dlabola, 1974 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Naudeus Theron, 1982 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Nicolaus Lindberg, 1958 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Orocastus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Pantallus Emeljanov, 1961 Paraglena Emeljanov, 1997 Paragygrus Emeljanov, 1964 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Paralaevicephalus Ishihara, 1953 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Paralimnellus Emeljanov, 1972 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Paralimnoidella Kwon & Lee, 1979 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Paralimnus Matsumura, 1902 Paramesanus Dlabola, 1979 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Paramesus Fieber, 1866 Parapotes Emeljanov, 1975 Pasaremus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (transferred from Cicadulini) Pazu Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Peconus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Philaia Dlabola, 1952 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Phlebiastes Emeljanov, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini). Pinumius Ribaut, 1946 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Platentomus Theron, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Pleargus Emeljanov, 1964 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Praganus Dlabola, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Pravistylus Theron, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Prosperellus Emeljanov, 1999 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Psammotettix Haupt, 1929 Pseudolausulus Wagner & Franz, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Pteropyx Haupt, 1927 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Quartausius Dlabola, 1974 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Quaziptus Kramer, 1965 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Restiobia Davies, 1988 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Rhoananus Dlabola, 1949 Rodezotettix Della Giustina & Wilson, 1995 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Rosenus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Samuraba Linnavuori, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Savanicus Dlabola, 1977 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Secopennis DeLong & Sleesman, 1929 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Sestrelicola Remane & Asche, 1980 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Sicistella Emeljanov, 1972 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Soracte Kirkaldy, 1907 placement nov. (previously placed in Platymetopiina) Soractellus Evans, 1966 placement nov. (transferred from Deltocephalini) Sorhoanus Ribaut, 1946 Spartopyge Young & Beirne, 1958 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Subhimalus Ghauri, 1971 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Takagiella Vilbaste, 1969 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Teinopterus Stiller, 2011 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Telusus Oman, 1949 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Tiaratus Emeljanov, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Tigriculus Dlabola, 1961 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Triasargus Novikov & Anufriev, 2005 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Tytthuspilus Stiller, 2011 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Umeqi Stiller, 2011 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Urganus Dlabola, 1965 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Vecaulis Theron, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Verdanus Oman, 1949 Vilargus Theron, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini) Yanocephalus Ishihara, 1953 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Paralimnini)
Published as part of Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H., 2013, A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), pp. 1-211 in European Journal of Taxonomy 45 on pages 134-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.45, http://zenodo.org/record/3822710
{"references":["Distant W. L. 1908. Rhynchota - Homoptera. In: Bingham C. T. (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London.","Oman P. W., Knight W. J. & Nielson M. W. 1990. Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): a Bibliography, Generic Check-list, and Index to the World Literature 1956 - 1985. CAB International Institute of Entomology, Wallingford.","Emeljanov A. F. 1966. On the tribe Stirellini trib. n. and its taxonomic position (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 45: 609 - 610. [In Russian with English summary]","Oman P. W. 1949. The Nearctic leafhoppers. A generic classification and check list. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 253.","Vilbaste J. 1965. On the genus Aconura Leth. (Homoptera, Iassidae). Notulae Entomologicae 45: 3 - 12.","Emeljanov A. F. 1962. New tribes of the leafhopper subfamily Euscelinae (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 41: 388 - 397. [In Russian with English summary, translation in Entomological Review 41 (2): 236 - 240]","Theron J. G. 1974. The Naude species of South African Cicadellidae (Hemiptera). III. Species assigned to the genera Chlorotettix Van Duzee, Thamnotettix Zetterstedt, Euscelis Brulle, Scaphoideus Uhler and Selenocephalus Germar. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 37 (1): 147 - 166.","Distant W. L. 1918. Rhynchota. Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. In: Shipley A. E. & Marshall G. A. K. (eds) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 7. Taylor and Francis, London.","Stiller M. 2009. A revision of the South African leafhopper genus Drakensbergena Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Drakensbergeninae). Zootaxa 2132: 1 - 39.","Theron J. G. 1980. Notes on some southern African Cicadellidae described by Stal in \" Hemiptera Africana \". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 43 (2): 293 - 298.","Emeljanov A. F. 1999. A key to genera of the subfamily Deltocephalinae s. l. (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) from Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, and Mongolia, with description of new genera and subgenera. Entomological Review 79: 547 - 562.","Linnavuori R. 1961. Hemiptera (Homoptera): Cicadellidae. In: Hanstrom B., Brinck P. & Rudebeck G. (eds) South African Animal Life 8: 452 - 486.","Evans J. W. 1966. The leafhoppers and froghoppers of Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea). Memoirs of the Australian Museum 12: 1 - 347."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Miridae, Heterochterus, and Heterochterus timmsii

Ƭ Heterochterus timmsii Evans, 1971 Heterochterus timmsii Evans, 1971: 149– 150 (original description, illustration). HOLOTYPE:?sex, wing, Australia: Queensland: ‘ Mt Crosby, coll. B. V. Timms, presented by Department of Entomology, University of Queensland, Q.M. F6473’ (QMBA). Heterochterus timmsii: JELL (2004): 65 (redescription, illustrations). Distribution. Australia: Queensland (Ipswich Coal Measures: Late Triassic) (EVANS 1971, JELL 2004). Discussion The first described species of velvety shore bugs was the widely distributed Acanthia marginata Latreille, 1804, discovered in southern France, and soon after accommodated in its own new genus, Ochterus Latreille, 1807, and new family, Pelogonida Leach, 1815 (based on an unnecessary new replacement name Pelogonus Latreille, 1809). Additional two taxa were described by GUÉRIN- MÉ- NEVILLE (1843), Pelogonus indicus (junior synonym of O. marginatus marginatus) from India, and the first American species, Pelogonus perboscii from Mexico. Until the end of 19th century, altogether eleven species of Ochteridae were described, seven of which still remain valid. Among them were also two species which were in the future designated as types of new genera, Ocyochterus Drake & Gómez-Menor, 1954 (Pelogonus victor Bolívar, 1879) and Megochterus Jaczewski, 1934 (Pelogonus nasutus Montandon, 1898). Between 1901 and 1970, 17 additional species of Ochteridae were described, mostly from the American continent where important contributions were published by CHAMPION (1901), BARBER (1913), HUNGERFORD (1927), and especially the revision by SCHELL (1943a,b). In the Old World, only five species were described in this period (HORVÁTH 1913; JACZEWSKI 1934, 1935, 1938; MANCINI 1939). SINGH- PRUTHI (1925) first described and illustrated male genitalia including the right paramere of Ochterus marginatus, a character soon applied in ochterid taxonomy by HUNGERFORD (1927) and JACZEWSKI (1934). Big progress in describing new Ochteridae started in 1970s with three revisional papers by Nicolas A. Kormilev for Australian, Oriental and Afrotropical taxa (KORMILEV 1971, 1972, 1973), largely based on the structure of the right paramere. Soon followed the papers of NIESER (1975) (Suriname), POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS (1976) (SW USA), RIEGER (1977) (Australia, Philippines), and GAPUD & SAN VALENTIN (1977) (Philippines). Victor P. Gapud continued his work on the fauna of Philippines also in the following three decades (GAPUD 1981, 1995, 2003). In the same time, Martin Baehr, a renowned German coleopterist specialised in Carabidae (Coleoptera), revised Ochteridae of the Australian Region in a series of four papers (BAEHR 1989, 1990a,b,c). In 1990s, Nico Nieser and Ping-ping Chen described seven additional species mostly from Malesia, but also from southern China and South America (NIESER & CHEN 1992, 1999). Finally, Dan A. Polhemus started describing new Ochteridae with Ochterus seychellensis in 1992 (POLHEMUS 1992a), and continued, together with his father John T. Polhemus, with series of revisional papers on Ochterus of Mauritius (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2008), Malaysia and the Oriental part of Indonesia (2012, 2015), North and Central America (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2016), as well as a revision of the genus Ocyochterus with the description of one new species (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2014). Since 1971, 64 species of Ochteridae were described, nearly three times the number described before this date (see Table 1 and Fig. 25). The most prolific authors were D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, who described together 17 species of Ochteridae, followed by M. Baehr with 16 species and subspecies, N. Nieser with 9 species, and N. A. Kormilev and V. P. Gapud each with 8 species (cf. Table 2). The species inventory of Ochteridae is certainly far from complete, as it is documented by mentions of a probable new species of Ochterus from Palawan (GAPUD 2003) and several undescribed species from New Guinea (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1998, 2012), and Oriental Region, as well as due to the probable polyphyly of O. marginatus (CHEN et al. 2005). Also our unpublished results suggest existence of additional undescribed species, especially in the Oriental Region, the Afrotropical Region and Madagascar. The extant members of the family Ochteridae are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. The present lack of published records from Lesser Sunda and Maluku Islands (Indonesia) is probably due to sampling bias, as we have at hand unidentified material from Maluku, superficially resembling O. nicobarensis (ZJPC). Further Ochteridae inhabit temperate zones of Australia and Tasmania (ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004), East Palearctic (north to the northernmost Japanese island, Hokkaido, and to Kunashir, the southernmost island of Kuriles) (POLHEMUS 1995 a, KANYUKOVA 2006, HAYASHI et al. 2016, HAYASHI & MIYAMOTO 2018) and Eastern Nearctic Region (north to Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ontario (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988a, 2016; MAW et al. 2000). On the contrary, Ochteridae are missing in temperate Europe, continental regions of Central Asia (POLHEMUS 1995 a, KANYUKOVA 2006), from the Appalachian Mountains and the Ozark Plateau in the eastern part, as well as from most of the western part of USA (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988a, 2016), from New Zealand, and from temperate and subtropical South America (the most southern species being O. foersteri reaching the Misiones province of Argentina – MELO 2015, BACHMANN & MAZZUCCONI 2017). The zoogeographical pattern of Gelastocoridae resembles that of Ochteridae, with three exceptions: i) Gelastocoridae in South America occur further south, into central Chile; ii) in the Eastern Palaearctic they extend northward only to central China and the southern Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku; and iii) they are completely absent in the Western Palaearctic (except one record from coast of Sinai, Egypt) (e.g., TODD 1955, 1961; POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988b; POLHEMUS 1995b; ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004; CHEN et al. 2005; KMENT & JINDRA 2008; FAÚNDEZ & ASHWORTH 2015; FAÚNDEZ & CARVAJAL 2017; NIESER et al. 2020). Concerning the biodiversity pattern, we can recognize two distinct biodiversity centres, the Australasian Region with 29 species-group taxa and the Neotropical Region with 28 species-group taxa. Within the Neotropical Region, most of these taxa (i.e. 17) are known from Central America, while only 14 species and subspecies are known from South America (see Table 2). This situation may be influenced by the existence of the recent excellent revision of Central American fauna by POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS (2016) and future research will elucidate the precise number of species actually occurring in South America. In the Caribbean, so far only one endemic species is known (O. hungerfordi from Cuba) and two widely distributed species shared with the continent (O. aeneifrons aeneifrons and O. perbosci), which is in contrast with high number of island endemics occurring in Malesia and islands of the Indian Ocean. In the Australian Region, 5 species occur in Sulawesi (including the widely distributed O. marginatus marginatus and O. noualhieri shared with Sundaland), 11 species in New Guinea, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands, 13 species and subspecies in Australia, and 2 species in New Caledonia (one of them endemic). The Oriental Region seems also species rich with 22 species-group taxa, but only 5 species are so far known in its western (mostly continental) part north of the border of Malaysia; 8 species occur in Sundaland and 11 species and subspecies are confined to the Philippines. The Afrotropical Region harbours 8 species, 6 of them occurring on the continent and 4 on the adjacent islands; O. caffer and O. papaceki sp. nov. occur in both the African mainland and islands (Madagascar and Socotra, respectively), while Mauritius and Seychelles each harbour a single endemic species. The fauna of the Nearctic Region includes five species (with O. rotundus and O. perbosci confined to its southernmost regions and shared with Neotropical Region) (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2016). The least species rich is fauna of the Palaearctic Region, including only three described species, the widely distributed O. marginatus marginatus, O. strigicollis endemic to Israel, and O. breviculus confined to the transitional zone between the Palaearctic and the Oriental Region in Yunnan and Xizang (Tibet) in southern China (NIESER & CHEN 1992, POLHEMUS 1995a). In alternative zoogeographical regionalisation, Malesia (including the Malay Peninsula, Sundaland, Philippines, Wallacea, New Guinea and Solomon Islands), would harbour 33 species and subspecies – see CHEN et al. 2005, ZETTEL & LANE 2010. POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2012). In contrast to the New World, we must stress the importance of island endemism for the species diversity in Old World Ochterus – among 55 Old World species, 33 (60 %) of them are confined to islands. Interestingly, also Gelastocoridae also share a similar pattern of species richness, with centres of biodiversity in Neotropical and Australian Region; the Oriental Region harbours only 9 species, 3 of them extending to Eastern Palaearctic, the Afrotropical Region has only 2 species, one of them marginally reaching the Western Palaearctic; 8 species-group taxa occur in Nearctic Region, though most of them are confined to its southernmost areas, Florida and along the Mexican border (e.g., TODD 1955, 1961; POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988b; POLHEMUS 1995b; ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004; CHEN et al. 2005; KMENT & JINDRA 2008; FAÚNDEZ & ASHWORTH 2015; NIESER et al. 2020). The phylogenetic relationships within Ochteridae were addressed by MAHNER (1993) and summarized as follows: (Megochterus + (Ocyochterus + (American Ochterus + Old World Ochterus))). The monophyly of the Old World Ochterus is well supported by the apomorphic structure of the right paramere, provided with a rounded apical cap and two subapical appendages; however, the monophyly of American Ochterus with a simple right paramere remains questionable, as their paraphyly towards the Old World clade (Ochterus s. str.) is also possible (MAHNER 1993). The first cladistic analysis of relationships among genera of Ochteridae was performed by YAO et al. (2011), who included the three recent genera and three fossil genera from Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of China, suggesting the following relationships: ((† Floricaudus + † Pristinochterus) + († Angulochterus + (Megochterus + (Ochterus + Ocyochterus)))). For review of the fossil taxa assigned to Ochteridae and Ochteroidea stem group see Table 3. On the other hand, relationships among species-group taxa within the diverse Ochterus have never been rigorously tested. Considering the morphological homogeneity of this group, the use of molecular phylogenetic methods will be necessary.
Published as part of Kment, Petr, Carapezza, Attilio & Jindra, Zdeněk, 2020, Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 23-64 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.003, http://zenodo.org/record/3879659
{"references":["EVANS J. W. 1971: Some Upper Triassic Hemiptera from Mount Crosby, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 145 - 151.","JELL P. A. 2004: The fossil insects of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 50: 1 - 124.","LATREILLE P. A. 1804: Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des crustaces et des insectes. Vol. 12. F. Dufart, Paris, 424 pp.","LATREILLE P. A. 1807: Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundem ordinem naturalem in familias disposita iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus tertius. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, 259 pp.","LEACH W. E. 1815: Entomology. Pp. 57 - 172. In: BREWSTER D. (ed.): The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Vol. 9. Blackwood, Edinburgh, 764 pp. + pls. CCLIII-CCLX.","LATREILLE P. A. 1809: Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundem ordinem naturalem in familias disposita iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus quartus et ultimus. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, 599 pp + 16 pls.","DRAKE C. 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B. 1927: A report upon the aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera of the Mulford Biological Expedition to Bolivia, South- - America, 1921 - 22. Proceedings of the Entomomological Society of America 29: 187 - 190 + pl. 10.","SCHELL D. V. 1943 a: The Ochteridae (Hemiptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 16 (1): 29 - 36. [January 1943]","HORVATH G. 1913: Aquatic and semi-aquatic Rhynchota from the Lake of Tiberias and its immediate vicinity. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9: 477 - 480.","JACZEWSKI T. 1935: Die Uferwanzen (Heteroptera: Fam. Leptopodidae, Acanthiidae, Ochteridae und Mononychidae) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Suppl. - Band XIII ' Tropische Binnengewasser' 5: 474 - 483.","JACZEWSKI T. 1938: Eine neue Ochteriden-Art aus Africa, nebst faunistischen Angaben ueber einige andere Arten dieser Familie (Heteroptera). 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Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 197 - 203","NIESER N. & CHEN P. - P. 1992: Notes on Gelastocoridae and Ochteridae (Heteroptera) with the description of five new species. Storkia 1: 2 - 13.","NIESER N. & CHEN P. - P. 1999: Sixteen new species of Nepomorpha mainly from Sulawesi. Notes on Malaysian aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera), VIII. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142: 77 - 123.","POLHEMUS D. A. 1992 a: The first records of the families Ochteridae and Hebridae (Heteroptera) from the granitic Seychelles, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 100: 418 - 423.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2008: A new Indian Ocean species of Ochterus from the island of Mauritius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48: 281 - 288.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2016: Revision of the genus Ochterus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae) in Mesoamerica and the United States. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159: 9 - 75.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2014: Ocyochterus irmae, a beautiful new species of Ochteridae (Heteroptera) from the Northern Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 163 - 171.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 1998: A biodiversity survey of aquatic insects in the Ajkwa River Basin and adjacent areas, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Tropical Biodiversity 5 (3): 197 - 216.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2012: Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. IX. Infraorder Nepomorpha, families Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60: 343 - 359.","CHEN P. - P., NIESER N. & ZETTEL H. 2005: The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana Handbook, Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden - Boston, x + 546 pp.","STAL C. 1855: Hemiptera fran Kafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 12: 27 - 47.","CHANDRA K. & JEHAMALAR E. E. 2012: Ochterus nicobarensis sp. nov. from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52: 23 - 28.","ZETTEL H. & LANE D. J. W. 2010: A new species of Ochterus Latreille (Heteroptera: Ochteridae) from Brunei. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen 62: 97 - 101.","MONTROUZIER P. 1864: Hemipteres Heteropteres. Pp. 223 - 242. In: PERROUD B. - P. & MONTROUZIER P.: Essai sur la faune entomologique de Kanala (Nouvelle-Caledonie) et description de quelques especes nouvelles ou peu connues. Annales de la Societe de la Linneene de Lyon, Series 2 11: 46 - 257.","UHLER P. R. 1876: List of the Hemiptera of the region West of the Mississippi river, including those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 1: 269 - 361 + pls. 19 - 21.","GUERIN-MENEVILLE F. E. 1843: Note sur la Naucoris rugosa de J. Desjardins, formant un nouveau genre d'Hemipteres, et description de plusieurs especes des genres Pelogonus et Mononyx. Revue Zoologique Societe Cuvier 6: 112 - 114.","DRAKE C. J. 1952: Concerning American Ochteridae (Hemiptera). Florida Entomologist 35: 72 - 75.","KORMILEV N. A. & DE CARLO J. A. 1952: Una especie nueva del genero \" Ochterus \" Latreille (1807) del Paraguay (Hemiptera, Ochteridae). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 154: 155 - 159.","CORDEIRO I. DA R. S., MOREIRA F. F. F. & SILVA F. A. C. DA 2014: A new Ochterus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae) from northeastern Brazil, with a key to the species recorded from the country. Zootaxa 3860 (5): 493 - 497.","POPOV YU. A., DOLLING W. R. & WHALLEY P. E. S. 1994: British Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic Heteroptera and Coleorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera). Genus 5: 307 - 347.","POPOV YU. A 1986: Podotryad Cimicina (= Heteroptera). Pp. 54 - 83. In: Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh Zapadnoy Mongolii. Somestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya. [Insects in Early Cretaceous ecosystems of Western Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition.] Trudy. [Transactions]. Vol. 28. Nauka, Moskva, 214 pp (in Russian).","YAO Y. - ZH., CAI W. - ZH. & REN D. 2007: Pristinochterus gen. n. (Hemiptera: Ochteridae) from the Upper Mesozoic of northeastern China. European Journal of Entomology 104: 827 - 835.","YAO Y. - ZH., ZHANG W. - T., REN D. & SHIH CH. - K. 2011: New fossil Ochteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteroidea) from the Upper Mesozoic of north-eastern China, with phylogeny of the family. Systematic Entomology 36: 589 - 600.","ANDERSEN N. M. & WEIR T. A. 2004: Australian water bugs. Their biology and identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomograph Vol. 14. Apollo Books, Stenstrup & CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 344 pp.","POLHEMUS J. T. 1995 a: Family Ochetridae Kirkaldy, 1906 - velvety shore bugs. Pp. 25 - 26. In: AUKEMA B. & RIEGER CH. (eds): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1, Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xxvi + 222 pp.","SOUZA M. A. A. DE, MELO A. L. DE & VIANNA G. J. C. 2006: Heteropteros aquaticos oriundos do municipio de Mariana, MG. Neotropical Entomology 35: 803 - 810.","HAYASHI M., TOMOKUNI M., YOSHIZAWA K. & ISHIKAWA T. (eds) 2016: Catalogue of the insects of Japan. Vol. 4, Paraneoptera. Entomological Society of Japan & Touka-shobo, Fukuoka, 629 pp.","HAYASHI M. & MIYAMOTO S. 2018: Hemiptera. Pp. 329 - 427. In: KAWAI T. & TANIDA K. (eds): Aquatic Insects of Japan: Manual with Keys and illustrations. The second edition. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 1752 pp (in Japanese).","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 1988 a: Family Ochteridae Kirkaldy, 1906. The Velvety Shore Bugs. Pp. 541 - 543. In: HENRY T. J. & FROESCHNER R. C. (eds): Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, Kobenhavn, Koln, xix + 958 pp.","MAW H. E. L., FOOTTIT R. G., HAMILTON K. G. A. & SCUDDER G. G. E. 2000: Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, viii + 220 pp.","MELO M. C. 2015: Ochteroidea. Pp. 341 - 346. In: ROIG-JUNENT S., CLAPS L. E. & MORRONE J. J. (eds): Biodiversidad de Artropodos Argentinos. Vol. 3. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Facultad de Ciencias, San Miguel de Tucuman, 546 pp.","BACHMANN A. O. & MAZZUCCONI S. A. 2017: Family Ochteridae Kirkaldy. Pp. 203 - 204. In: COSCARON M. DEL C. (ed.): A catalogue of the Heteroptera (Hemiptera) or true bugs of Argentina. Zootaxa 4295 (1): 1 - 432.","TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475.","TODD E. L. 1961: A checklist of the Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Societ y 17: 461 - 476.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 1988 b: Family Gelastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1897. The Toad Bugs. Pp. 136 - 139. In: HENRY T. J. & FROESCHNER R. C. (eds): Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, Kobenhavn, Koln, xix + 958 pp.","POLHEMUS J. T. 1995 b: Family Gelastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1897 - toad bugs. Pp. 23 - 25. In: AUKEMA B. & RIEGER CH. (eds): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1, Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xxvi + 222 pp.","KMENT P. & JINDRA Z. 2008: Review of the family Gelastocoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of south-eastern Asia. Pp. 189 - 213. In: GROZEVA S. & SIMOV N. (eds): Advances in Heteroptera research. 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Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Hordeum vulgare, Horticulture, Nymph, Transmission (mechanics), law.invention, law, Incubation period, Macrosteles fascifrons, Biology, Leafhopper, biology.organism_classification, Botany, and Aster yellows

When nymphs and adults of Elymana virescens (F.) were caged for 7 days on barley plants, Hordeum vulgare L. var. ‘Vantage’ infected with aster yellows casual agent (AYCA), 26% and 24%, respectively, of the exposed insects subsequently transmitted AYCA to barley seedlings. In comparable concurrent experiments with the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), 48% and 78% of the nymphal and adult groups, respectively, transmitted the causal agent. An incubation period of 39-46 days was required before 95% of the inoculative E. virescens could transmit, whereas less than 32 days were needed before 85% of the inoculative M. fascifrons transmitted. However, once the leafhoppers of both species became inoculative they were equally consistent in transmitting. When adult E. virescens and M. fascifrons were injected with an inoculum containing AYCA, 16% and 55% of the injected insects, respectively, became inoculative. The concentration of AYCA in the extracts of inoculative E. virescens was about equal to that of inoculative M. fascifrons when the extracts were prepared on the basis of leafhopper weight.

No presente trabalho o gênero Bothrocoris Mayr, 1868 é incluído em Lopadusa Stal, 1860, como subgênero do mesmo. Lopadusa, Stal, 1860 é redescrito e ilustrado, bem como Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stal, 1860, Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837) e Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) fuscopunctata (Distant, 1880).Bothrocoris consanguineus Distant, 1911, é colocada na sinonimia de L. (B.) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837). A genitália externa e interna de ambos os sexos é descrita e ilustrada para tôdas as espécies.

Computer Science Applications, History, Education, Endocrinology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Iodine, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Blood proteins, Coenzyme A, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ketone bodies, Internal medicine, Phosphorus metabolism, Glycogen, Biology, Thyroidectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Insulin, and Articles

En: Biochemical journal, ISSN 0264-6021 1972. N. 128, pp 597-604 I. Thyroidectomized rats inj~-cted daily with 0, 0.1, 2 or 251'1! of L•lhyroxineilOOg body wt. were compared with intact controls. [n plasma, the protein-bound iodine was decreased in the rats given the O or 0.1 ,,g do~s and increased in those given the 2Sµg do~e. 2. Blood glucose Jc~rea,ed in those ~iven 21111, a11J was augmtn1~d in those given 2514g, and ketone bodies were the sam, in all the groups. 3. Plasn.a in~ulin was lowest in the rats given the O or 0.1 µg doses and was highe,t in those given the 2 or 25;,a do!cs of thyroxine. 4. After 48h stal"\·ation, the decrea~ in blood gh,cos, and increase in ketone bodies observed in oil the groups was grearest in the group not suprlemerited with thyro,i;inc. 5. Plasma insulin concentrations remained at the value for fed animals in the rats given the 25µg dose of thyroxine but decreased in the other groups. 6. In fed animals, concentrations of hepatic DNA P, citrate, total farty acids and ace1yl-CoA were similar in all the groups, and glyc()gen "as low only in the rats given the 2Srg dose of thyroxine. 7. After 48h starvation, liver DNA P, total fatty acids and acetyl-CoA increased in all the j1!roups, except in the rats given the 25rg dose, where both total fatty acids and acctyl-CoA remained al the value for fed animals. Liver citrate did not change in the groups given lhe O or 251•& doses of thyroxine, but decreased in the other groups. 8. The results arc discussed in relalion to the regulation of intermediary metabolism in hypo- and hyper-thyroidism.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Aedes aegypti, biology.organism_classification, biology, Xenopsylla, Chlorpyrifos, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Rhodnius prolixus, Toxicology, Anopheles albimanus, Aerosol, Triatoma infestans, Resmethrin, fungi, complex mixtures, and parasitic diseases

The effectiveness of selected aerosols and micronized dusts in controlling insects in aircraft, was evaluated in simulated field trials against 3 mosquito species ( Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, and A. quadrimaculatus Say), 2 house fly ( Musca domestica L.) strains, oriental rat fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), and cone-nose bugs ( Triatoma infestans Klug and Rhodnius prolixus Stal). Micronized dust and aerosols containing resmethrin alone or in combination with certain other toxicants were highly effective against the test species. Chlorpyrifos dust and G-I730 aerosol ( d-trans allethrin) also gave promising results. The data indicate that lower concentrations of active ingredient(s) in dusts and aerosol treatments and/or the application of lesser amounts of formulation per unit volume of space may be satisfactory against the insects of public health importance included in the tests.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Toxicology, PEST analysis, Beet armyworm, biology.organism_classification, biology, Botany, Lygus hesperus, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Predation, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chrysopa, Integrated pest management, and fungi

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on cotton in California is typically a secondary pest, likely to become abundant after insecticide applications against Lygus hesperus Knight. In this study local outbreaks were generated experimentally in an area of one square mile of cotton, subdivided into 4 randomized blocks of 4 treatments. Applications of dimethoate triggered significant increases in abundance of beet armyworm larvae. Levels up to 4 times as high as those in the untreated control were reached. Analysis of results of population censuses of both beet armyworm and its natural enemies in the experimental area, supplemented by observational evaluation of predator activities on early developmental stages, indicated impairment of predation on eggs and newly hatched larvae as the calise of outbreaks. Especially important in this context were the hemipterous species Geocoris pallens Stal, Orius tristicolor (White), and Nabis americoferus Carayon, which were severely reduced by the treatments. Another important predator of eggs and caterpillars, the larva of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, appeared immune to the insecticide. Field observations further revealed some egg predation by the otherwise predominantly phytophagous L. hesperus . The relevance of this study to pest management procedures for cotton is discussed.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Predation, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Horticulture, Botany, Larva, Chrysopa, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Cabbage looper, Trichoplusia, Nymph, and fungi

A comparative life-table analysis of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) populations on cotton in California revealed that, where predators were suppressed with properly timed applications of dimethoate insecticide, increases in larval survival of T. ni occurred. When the populations of predators were allowed to reach density levels comparable to those in the nontreated control, survival rates for T. ni larvae did not differ significantly between nontreated plots and previously treated plots. The results suggest that predators, particularly adults and nymphs of Orius tristicolor (White), Geoeoris pallens Stal, Nabis americoferus Carayon, and larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, inflict a major intrageneration mortality on T. ni larvae on cotton, and that, when these natural enemies are suppressed, a secondary pest outbreak of T. ni can occur. Rates of parasitization and polyhedrosis of T. ni developmental stages were not, in general, adversely affected by the dimethoate sprays. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus and an egg-larval parasite, Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman), appeared to cause mortality which was density related. Two apparently new parasite records for T. ni are recorded: Chelonus texanus Cresson and Patrocloides montanus (Cresson).

En: Hormonal metabology research ISSN 0018-5043 1974. N. 6, pp 381-385 Thyroidectomized rats inj~-cted daily with 0, 0.1, 2 or 251'1! of L•lhyroxineilOOg body wt. were compared with intact controls. [n plasma, the protein-bound iodine was decreased in the rats given the O or 0.1 ,,g do~s and increased in those given the 2Sµg do~e. 2. Blood glucose Jc~rea,ed in those ~iven 21111, a11J was augmtn1~d in those given 2514g, and ketone bodies were the sam, in all the groups. 3. Plasn.a in~ulin was lowest in the rats given the O or 0.1 µg doses and was highe,t in those given the 2 or 25;,a do!cs of thyroxine. 4. After 48h stal"\·ation, the decrea~ in blood gh,cos, and increase in ketone bodies observed in oil the groups was grearest in the group not suprlemerited with thyro,i;inc. 5. Plasma insulin concentrations remained at the value for fed animals in the rats given the 25µg dose of thyroxine but decreased in the other groups. 6. In fed animals, concentrations of hepatic DNA P, citrate, total farty acids and ace1yl-CoA were similar in all the groups, and glyc()gen "as low only in the rats given the 2Srg dose of thyroxine. 7. After 48h starvation, liver DNA P, total fatty acids and acetyl-CoA increased in all the j1!roups, except in the rats given the 25rg dose, where both total fatty acids and acctyl-CoA remained al the value for fed animals. Liver citrate did not change in the groups given lhe O or 251•& doses of thyroxine, but decreased in the other groups. 8. The results arc discussed in relalion to the regulation of intermediary metabolism in hypo- and hyper-thyroidism.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical resistance and conductance, Electrical measurements, Condensed matter physics, Transmission electron microscopy, Electron microscopic, Electron diffraction, Crystallography, Chemistry, Short range order, and Atmospheric temperature range

The order-Disorder transformation in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. Upon heating disordered CuPt, short range order is developing in the temperature range 20 to 190 °C by the formation of microdomains which grow into long range order domains upon further heating. This development of short range order gives rise to an electrical resistance increase, followed by a decrease due to the formation of long range order. The electrical measurements are correlated with electron microscopic observations. Der Ordnungs-Fehlordnungsubergang in CuPt wurde mit Hilfe von Messungen des elektrischen Widerstandes, von Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Beim Tempern von fehlgeordnetem CuPt entwickelt sich im Temperaturbereich 20 bis 190 °C Nahordnung durch die Bildung von Mikrodomanen, die bei weiterer Temperung zu Fernordnungsdomanen wachsen. Diese Entwicklung von Nahordnung gibt Anlas zu einem Ansteigen des elektrischen Widerstands, dem ein Abfall infolge der Ausbildung von Fernordnung folgt. Die elektrischen Messungen werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert.

Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Zoology, Total body, Biology, Predator, Spodoptera, biology.organism_classification, Cyclic process, Galleria mellonella, Predation, Larva, Ecology, and Response Parameters

Sycanus indagator (Stal), a reduviid predator imported from India, preferred greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella (L.)), to larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)) when given a choice in the laboratory. Feeding to satiation by S. indagator appears to be intermittent rather than a sustained process. Linear regressions of the observed number of prey attacked on predicted number attacked using Holling's (1966) formula revealed a significant correlation after 5 days, but not after 8 days, of predator starvation. All feeding response parameters monitored for the predators inferred a general reduction in the capture and prey consumption activities after extended (8-day) starvation. Weight loss by satiated S. indagator occurred as a cyclic process with the highest % weight loss taking place during the first 8 hr. S. indagator lost 65% of their total body weight by the end of a 184-hr starvation period. Resume LA PREDATION PAR SYCANUS INDAGATOR SUR LES LARVES DE GALLERIA MELLONELLA ET SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA Sycanus indagator, (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), predateur imporTE de l'Inde, prefere les larves de Galleria mellonella aux larves de Spodoptera frugiperda lorsqu'on lui donne le choix, au laboratoire. S. indagator semble s'alimenter de faĉon intermittente plutot que de faĉon continue. La regression lineaire du nombre de proies effectivement attaquees par rapport au nombre prevu d'apres la formule de Hollings (1966) a revele une correlation significative apres 5 jours de jeune, mais pas apres 8 jours de jeune. En ce qui concerne les reactions des predateurs a l'egard des proies, les parametres etudies ont permis de constater une diminution generale dans les activiTEs de capture et de consommation des proies apres un jeune prolonge (8 jours). La perte de poids chez un S. indagator rassasie est un processus cyclique, le pourcentage de perte le plus eleve se produisant durant les 8 premieres heures. S. indagator avait perdu 65% de son poids corporel total a la fin d'une periode de jeune de 184 heures.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed matter physics, Homogeneous, Electron diffraction, Electron microscopic, Stress relief, Electron microscope, law.invention, law, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrical resistance and conductance, Crystallography, and Chemistry

The ordering mechanism in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. A complex ordering mode consisting of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes is found below 475°C between 475 and 620°C the dispersed ordered domains stop growing. Transformation twins observed near the critical temperature for ordering are related to stress relief in the larger domains. The electrical resistance measurements are correlated with the electron microscopic observations to substantiate this model. Der Ordnungsmechanismus in CuPt wird mit Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Eine komplexe Ordnungsmode, die aus homogenen und heterogenen Prozessen besteht, wird unterhalb 475°C gefunden, zwischen 475 und 620°C horen die dispersen, geordneten Domanen auf zu wachsen. Transformationszwillinge, die in der Nahe der kritischen Ordnungstemperatur beobachtet werden, werden mit dem Spannungsrelief in den groseren Domanen verknupft. Die Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert, um das Modell zu stutzen.

Orientador: Luís Amilton Foerster Dissertaçao (mestrado) -Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curso de Pós-Graduaçao em Entomologia Resumo: 1. No laboratório foi estudado o efeito de quatro inseticidas em diferentes dosagens sobre três estágios de Nezara viridula ( L. , 1758), adultos de Piezodorus guildinii (West., 1837) e ninfas de 5º estágio de Nabis sp. 2. Ninfas de 3º e 4º estágio de N. viridula mostraram-se significativamente mais susceptíveis a inseticidas que ninfas de 5º estágio e adultos, enquanto que ninfas de 5º estágio mostraram-se levemente mais resistentes que adultos. 3. O paratiom foi o inseticida mais tóxico sobre os três estágios de N. viridula testados. 4. Adultos de P. guildinii foram mais susceptíveis aos inseticidas que adultos de N. viridula. 5. O clorpirifos e paratiom, seguidos de CGA 15324, foram os inseticidas mais tóxicos para ninfas de 5º estágio de Nabis sp.,ao passo que o endosulfan teve efeito significativamente inferior a todos os demais. 6. A mortalidade de larvas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hüb., l818 pelo fungo Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson atingiu até 88%, e a porcentagem de parasitismo por Microcharops sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) aIcançou 16%, sendo este inseto pela primeira vez encontrado parasitando larvas de A. gemmatalis no Paraná. 7. Foram observadas as flutuações populacionais das principais pragas e predadores da cultura da soja em Ponta Grossa (PR), utilizando-se o método do pano e pela observação individual de plantas. 8. Procurando os maiores níveis de infestação de insetos durante o ciclo da cultura, foram feitas aplicações de inseticidas para o controle destas pragas e observou-se o efeito de uma e duas aplicações sobre as populações das mesmas e dos principais predadores. 9. Uma só aplicação de inseticidas foi suficiente para o controle de lagartas e uma outra só para o controle de percevejos. Uma Única aplicação no período de desenvolvimento das vagens não foi suficiente para o controle de lagartas e percevejos. 10. Os melhores inseticidas para o controle de lagartas foram o clorpirifos e o CGA 15324, e para o controle de percevejos foram o para­ tiom e o endosulfan. 11. O paratiom, em todas as aplicações, permitiu a reinfestação tanto de pragas como de predadores, nove dias após a aplicação. 12. O clorpirifos foi o inseticida que causou maiores danos sobre as populações de Nabis spp., Geocoris sp. e aranhas, sendo estas últimas menos afetadas pelos inseticidas. O endosulfan foi o inseticida que causou menores danos sobre as populações de predadores. 13. O Geocoris sp. foi marcadamente mais afetado pelos inseticidas que Nabis spp. 14. Aplicações de inseticidas no período vegetativo e inicio do período reprodutivo permitiram o reaparecimento de predadores, ao passo que um só tratamento durante o desenvolvimento das vagens impediu o ressurgimento destes insetos. 15. Foi encontrado o mirídeo Garganus gracilentus (Stal, 1860) em números regulares atacando soja, sendo esta a primeira citação deste inseto na cultura da soja no Paraná. 16. O rendimento final da soja não se viu afetado pelas populações de insetos desfolhadores e sugadores, e nem melhorado com o controle químico dos mesmos. 17. A qualidade das sementes obtidas foi significativamente superior nas parcelas que foram tratadas com duas aplicações particularmente de paratiom e endosulfan, e inferior na testemunha e nas parcelas com uma só aplicação de inseticidas. As porcentagens de germinação não foram significativamente alteradas em nenhum dos tratamentos. 18. De uma maneira geral foi observada a preferência de todos os insetos e aranhas pelas horas do período da manhã para se movimentarem pela folhagem da planta, diminuindo durante as horas do meio dia e parte da tarde. Somente Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) foi mais abundante durante o fim da tarde. Abstract: 1. Four insecticides used at different rates were evaluated in laboratory against three stages of development of Nezara viridula (L.,1758), adults of Piezodorus guildinii (West, 1837) and fifth instar nymphs of Nabis sp. 2. Third and fourth instar nymphs of N. viridula were significantly more susceptible to insecticides than fifth instar nymphs and adults, whereas nymphs of fifth instar were slightly more resistant than adults. 3. Parathion was the most toxic of the insecticides against all the stages of N. viridula tested. 4. Adults of P. guildinii were more susceptible to the insecticides than adults of N. viridula. 5. Chlorpyrifos and Parathion followed by CGA 15324 showed hygher toxicity to fifth instar nymphs of Nabis sp., whereas endosulfan was signficantly less damaging to this species. 6. Larval mortality of Antioarsia gemmatalis Hub., 1818 by the fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Sarlow) Samson reached 88%, and parasitism by Microcharops sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reached 16%. This is the first time Microcharops sp. is cited parasitising larvae of A. gemmatalis in Paraná. 7. The population of the main soybean pests and predators was studied throughout the season in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, by the ground cloth method and individual observation of soybean plants. 8. The effect of one and two applications of insecticides on the population of pests and predators was compared in the field. 9. It was found that two insecticide applications provided effective control of soybean insect pests; one against leaf feeding larvae and another for the control of sap-sucking species. 10. Chlorpyrifos and CGA 15324 provided the best control of lepidopterous pests, and parathion and endosulfan were the most toxic against stink bugs. A single application of insecticide during pod development was not persistent enough to control both caterpillars and stink bugs. 11. Parathion did not show sufficient residual action, allowing the resurgence of both pest and predators nine days after treatment. 12. Chlorpyrifos had an higher effect on Nabis spp., Geocoris sp. and spiders, the latter being less affected by the insecticides. Damage to predators was significantly reduced in plots treated with endosulfan. 13.Geocoris sp. was more affected by the insecticides than Nabis spp. 14. Application of insecticides at the end of the vegetative period and beginning of flowering allowed the resurgence of predators, whereas treatment during pod development precluded the appearance of these in sects thereafter. 15. The mirid, Garganus gracilentus (Stal, 1860) was found in significant quantities on soybean plants, and this is its first citation on soybeans in Parana. 16. Soybean yield was not affected by the attack of insect pests and neither insecticide applications increased production. 17. Seed quality was significantly higher in plots treated with two applications, particularly of endosulfan and parathion. The percent of seed germination was similar in all treatments. 18. Soybean insects were generally more active during morning hours; only Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) was more abundant, at the end of afternoon.

Predation, Larva, Trichoplusia, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nymph, Cabbage looper, Horticulture, Toxicology, Pest control, business.industry, business, Chrysopa, Biological pest control, and fungi

The roles of predators, parasitoids, and a pathogen in effecting natural biological control of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni [Hubner]) in San Joaquin Valley cotton were assessed. Life-table analysis indicates that the majority of the generation mortality of cabbage looper occurs during the egg-small larva interval. Observations and experimental evidence strongly indicate that most of this mortality is inflicted by a complex of general predators, primarily adults and nymphs of Geocoris pallens Stal, Nabis americoferus Carayon, Orius tristicolor (White), and possibly larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens. These studies, plus evidence from the literature, indicate that the potential for biological control in annual-crop systems is greater than some workers had previously believed, and that the necessity of using only host-specific natural enemies in biological control is a questionable assumption.

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences and Materials Science (miscellaneous)

). Os prejuizos causados pelas cigarrinhas das pastagens, podem ser agravados, quando essas ata­cam tambem lavouras de outras gramineas, como a do arroz, situa­das nas vizinhancas das pastagens. Em meados de dezembro de 1975, os autores observaram intensa in­festacao de um arrozal, por adul­tos de duas especies de cigarri­nhas, Deois flavopicta (Stal, 1854) e D. schach (Fabricius, 1787) causando amarelecimento e secamento das folhas, seguida da morte das plantas. O arrozal es­tava situado na estacao experi­mental do Instituto Agronomico em Pindamonhangaba, a cerca de cem metros de uma pastagem de 48 hectares, de Brachiaria de-cumbens Stapf, muito infestada pelas duas especies mencionadas, sendo mais frequente a primeira. A pastagem se apresentava total­mente "queimada" pela acao toxi-cogenica das cigarrinhas, e ja nao tinha mais condicoes para manter a populacao desses insetos, cujos adultos se dispersavam pelo voo. Somente adultos das cigarrinhas foram observados no arrozal, nao tendo sido notada a presenca de ninfas nas raizes, enquanto na pastagem era visivel a presenca tanto de ninfas como de adultos. Foi necessaria uma pulverizacao com inseticida fosforado, para evitar a destruicao total do ar­rozal.

Insect Science, Riparia, biology.organism_classification, biology, Introduced species, Beauveria bassiana, Lycosa, Geocoris, Sinea, Botany, Labidura riparia, and Predation

Biotic control agents which feed on the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, in Florida were investigated from 1971–77. A scelionid egg parasite, Eumicrosoma benefica Gahan, was the only parasite found. Predatory bugs included: 2 lygaeids, Geocoris uliginiosus (Say) and G. bullatus Say; a nabid, Pagasa pallipes Stal.; 2 anthocorids, Xylocoris vicarius (Reuter) and Lasiochilus pallidulus Reuter; and a reduviid, Sinea sp. Other predators included a dermapteran, Labidura riparia Pallas, several ant species, primarily Solenopsis geminata (F.), and a spider, Lycosa sp. A fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsomo) Vuillemin, also attacked B. insularis. The biotic control agents that appeared to regulate populations of the southern chinch bug were: E. benefica, G. uliginosus, X. vicarius, and L. riparia.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Aphid, biology.organism_classification, biology, Predation, Geocoris pallens, Predator, Abundance (ecology), Coccinella transversoguttata, Functional response, Botany, and Myzus persicae

A model to evaluate potential reductive impact of populations of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), by predators was generalized to include effects of temperature on the rate of aphid reproduction and the functional response of the predator complex. Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown was the most abundant predator in field experiments with large numbers of green peach aphids on sugarbeet plants, Beta vulgaris , L., Geocoris pallens Stal, syrphids, and Scymnus marginicollis Mannerheim were also abundant. Predators had a major role in determining the abundance of aphids, but their effect was greater at the higher densities because the more voracious species responded preferentially to high aphid populations.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Chinavia, and Chinavia napaea

Chinavia napaea (St��l) (Figs. 1, 12b, 25 c and 29; Tables 1, 2 and 4) Nezara napaea St��l, 1872: 42. Nezara napaea; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 166. Nezara (Acrosternum) napaea; Kirkaldy, 1909: 120. Acrosternum (Chinavia) napaeum; Rolston, 1983: 106; Frey-da-Silva & Grazia, 2001: 109 ���110. Chinavia napea [sic]; Schwertner & Grazia, 2006: 243. Chinavia napaea; Schwertner & Grazia, 2007: 422, 430. Diagnosis. Species known for its dark-green coloration, without black spots on cicatrices, scutellum, and connexivum (Fig. 29). As in C. difficilis, the spiracles are dark and the medial spine of third urosternite never surpasses the mesocoxae; these characters distinguish C. difficilis and C. napaea from C. obstinata. Antennal segments II to V black, a broad submarginal dorsal depression along the anterolateral margins of pronotum. Scutellum tapering at apex. Coloration. Body entirely green, except for antennal segments II to V black. Head. Margins of juga with a moderate concavity in front of eyes, apex of head semielliptical. Proportion of antennal segments: IIII>IV. Thorax. Anterolateral margins of pronotum with submarginal dorsal depression (Fig. 29). Humeral angles obtuse. Hemelytra with costal angles of corium truncate. Sutural membrane slightly curved. Scutellum tapering at apex. Abdomen. Medial spine of third urosternite reaching and sometimes surpassing mesocoxae. Spiracles black. Male genitalia unknown. Female genitalia (Fig. 25 c). Gonocoxites 8 strongly convex with excavations on the posterior margin. Distribution. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. Material examined. Holotype. BRASIL: no data of origin. (♀, NRM) Additional material. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Parque do Museu, 8.VII. 1912, E. Moreira (1 ♀, MNRJ); Parque do Museu, 17.V. 1912, Balou (1 ♀, MNRJ).
Published as part of Genevcius, Bruno C., Grazia, Jocelia & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2012, Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3434 on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3434.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/213725
{"references":["Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterrorum. II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Lethierry, L. & Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Pentatomidae I. Bruxelles, Musee Royal Historique Naturel de Belgique, 286 pp.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Cimicidae. Berlin, 1, 392 pp.","Rolston, L. H. (1983) A revision of the genus Acrosternum Fieber, subgenus Chinavia Orian, in the Western Hemisphere (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 91, 97 - 176.","Frey - da - Silva, A. & Grazia, J. (2001) Novas especies de Acrosternum subgenero Chinavia (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini). Iheringia (Serie Zoologia), 90, 107 - 126.","Schwertner, C. F. & Grazia, J. (2007) O genero Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae) no Brasil, com chave pictorica para os adultos. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 51, 416 - 435."]}

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Predation, Nezara viridula, biology.organism_classification, biology, Instar, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Agronomy, Pest control, business.industry, business, Euschistus tristigmus, Parathion methyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Ipomoea, Toxicology, and fungi

Aerial applications of methyl parathion applied at rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha in large field plots were tested for the differential morality responses of the last 4 developmental stages of several stink bug species associated with soybean. Both dosage rates gave effective control for all developmental stages of the species examined except 5th-instar Acrosternum hilare (Say) and 4th- and 5th-instar Euschistus servus (Say). No Podisus maculiventris (Say), a predaceous stink bug, were found in any field 24 h posttreatment; whereas, very little mortality was observed for Edessa bifida (Say), a pentatomid that utilizes Ipomoea spp. as hosts. A topical application technique was used to evaluate dosage-mortality responses of field-collected adults of 7 pentatomid species. In addition, responses were obtained for males females and diapausing adults of Nezara viridula (L.) and 5th-instar N. viridula , A. hilare : and E. servus . Based on μg/insect, P. maculiventris had a significantly lower LD50 than the other species (0.032 μg/insect); whereas, E. bifida had a significantly higher LD50 that was from 12 to 107× above other values. Thyanta pallido-virens (Stal) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) had mortality responses similar to the other soybean pests. Reproductively active and diapausing adults of N. viridula exhibited Similar responses. The μg/insect LD50 for N. viridula , A. hilare and E. servus 5th instars were higher than their corresponding adults.

Medicina Veterin?ria

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2020-10-15T12:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1980 - Ana L?cia N?brega dos Santos.pdf: 562046 bytes, checksum: f607b4b286ab947f699601572a2f1d44 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-15T12:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1980 - Ana L?cia N?brega dos Santos.pdf: 562046 bytes, checksum: f607b4b286ab947f699601572a2f1d44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1980-01-02 Coordena??o e Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES In this work we studied the oogenesis in R. prolixus, observing the effects of feeding, mating and juvenile hormone. Special attention was given to observe oocyte development in virgin females. Feeding is the main stimulus for CA activation, and mating potentiates this stimulus. Application of a JH analogue on virgin females mimics the results of mating on fegales without hormonal treatment; it is concluded that mating direct or indirectly stimulates the JH production. The inhibition of oogenesis in virgin females is in a step anterior to the secretion of antigonadotrophin. Permeability of the ovarian follicular cells measured by the Evan's Blue test shows that the JH analogue mimics the endogenous hormone effect. No presente trabalho estudou-se a oog?nese de R. prolixus onde observaram-se os efeitos produzidos pela presen?a ou aus?ncia de alimenta??o, c?pula e administra??o de HJ, e deu-se enfoque especial ao desenvolvimento oocit?rio das f?meas virgens. Observou-se que a alimenta??o ? necess?ria como o principal est?mulo para a ativa??o do CA e que a c?pula potenclaliza esta ativa??o. Com a administra??o do HJ ?s f?meas virgens, obteve-se resultados semelhantes aos encontrados em f?meas acasaladas sem tratamento hormonal, verificando-se que a c?pula estimula direta ou indiretamente a a??o do HJ, e que a inibi??o da oog?nese das f?meas virgens, ocorre em uma etapa anterior ? secre??o da antigonadotropina. O est?mulo causado na permeabilidade folicular das f?meas tratadas, indica que o an?logo de HJ utilizado mimetiza a a??o do horm?nio end?geno, o que pode ser aferido atrav?s do teste modificado do Azul de Evans.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Host (biology), Parasite hosting, Salix nigra Marshall, Trichopoda, biology.organism_classification, biology, Botany, Brochymena, Willow, Parasitism, Ulmus americana, and animal structures

Parasitism of three species of Brochymena , B. arborea (Say), B. cariosa Stal and B. sulcata Van Duzee, by Trichopoda plumipes (Fabricius) was studied in College Station, Tex. Percent parasitism and number of eggs per parasitized host were essentially the same for males and females and for the three host species, except that the mean number of eggs on parasitized hosts was higher for B. sulcata than for B. cariosa . Overall, hosts collected on black willow, Salix nigra Marshall, and cottonwood, Populus deltoides Marshall, were more heavily parasitized and showed a higher number of parasite eggs than did those hosts collected on American elm, Ulmus americana L., or Chinese elm, U. pumila L. Trichopoda plumipes showed a marked preference for the abdominal tergites and hind wings as oviposition sites. Of those eggs found, 91% were located on tergites and other areas which were hidden from view by the forewings when the host was at rest, and 97% of the eggs were deposited on the dorsal surface of the host. A relatively low percentage of those hosts bearing hatched tachinid eggs had parasite larvae internally.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Vacancy defect, Binding energy, Chemistry, Atomic physics, Physical chemistry, and Self-diffusion

The influence of the interaction between vacancies and interstitial solute atoms (carbon and nitrogen) on the determination of the activation energies for self-diffusion and vacancy formation is investigated for the case of α-iron. It is shown that the value of the self-diffusion energy is not affected by the presence of interstitial impurities in the 1 to 10 at ppm range. The result for the vacancy formation energy (E) depends on the value of the binding energy of the interstitial solute–vacancy pair (EB). Since EB is correlated with the value of the vacancy migration energy (E), the result can be stated as follows: if E = 1.3 eV (low EB), E can be determined without taking into account the presence of 1 to 10 at ppm of interstitial impurities; if however E = 0.55 eV (high EB), this amount of interstitial impurities cannot be neglected in the determination of E. An important implication on the controversial problem of the vacancy migration energy is discussed. Der Einflus der Wechselwirkung zwischen Leerstellen und isolierten Zwischengitteratomen (Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff) auf die Bestimmung der Aktivierungsenergie fur die Selbstdiffusion und Leerstellenbildung wird fur α-Eisen untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das der Wert der Selbstdiffusions-Energie durch die Anwesenheit von Zwischengitterverunreinigungen im Bereich 1 bis 10 At. ppm nicht beeinflust wird. Das Ergebnis fur die Leerstellenbildungsenergie (E) hangt vom Wert der Bindungsenergie des Zwischengitter–Leerstellen-Paars (EB) ab. Da EB mit dem Wert der Leerstellenwanderungsenergie (E) korreliert ist, last sich das Ergebnis wie folgt darstellen: wenn E = 1,3 eV (niedriges EB) kann E bestimmt werden, ohne die Anwesenheit von 1 bis 10 At. ppm Zwischengitterverunreinigungen zu berucksichtigen; wenn jedoch E = 0.55 eV (hohes EB), kann diesen Anteil von Zwischengitterverunreinigungen bei der Bestimmung von E nicht mehr vernachlassigt werden. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis uber das kontroverse Problem der Leerstellenwanderungsenergie wird diskutiert.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae, and animal structures

Subfamily Tibicininae Distant, 1905a REMARKS. Species of the Tibicininae can be distinguished by the metanotum being entirely concealed on the dorsal midline, the fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 are unfused (except in the Platypediini Kato, 1932), hind wing radius posterior and median veins unfused at their bases, male opercula distinctively S-shaped with deeply concave lateral margin not reaching posterior margins of tympanal cavities (except in the Selymbriini Moulds & Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018)), males without abdominal timbal covers or with partially recurved rim, the male pygofer exhibiting undeveloped distal shoulder, pygofer upper lobes absent (present in some of the Selymbriini), uncus very long, non-retractable within pygofer, claspers absent, aedeagus with ventrobasal pocket, restrained by a tubular encapsulation below uncus, apical theca with a pair of leaf-like lateral lobes (Moulds 2005; Marshall et al. 2018). Tribe Selymbriini Moulds & Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018) Selymbriini Moulds & Marshall 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018): 53. TYPE GENUS. Selymbria Stål 1861: 615. REMARKS. The genus Selymbria was recently moved from the Taphurini to this new monogeneric tribe (Marshall et al. 2018). The basal position of the genus in the multi-gene tree suggests it is an ancient lineage and it is the only genus of Cicadidae to show similarity in the aedeagus structure to the species of Tettigarcta White, 1845 of the Family Tettigarctidae Distant, 1905d (Marshall et al. 2018). The Selymbriini differ from the other Tibicininae by the supra-antennal plate almost meeting the eye, the lack of an accessory auditory structure in the males, the male opercula generally covering the tympanal cavity completely, the distal aedeagal basal plate is undulated rather than right-angled, the very short theca is laterally expanded into a broad, flat distal end ornamented with triangular wings similar to species of the Tettigarctidae, pygofer upper lobes usually present, and an exceedingly long, undivided uncus that is not retractable within the pygofer (Marshall et al. 2018). GENERA INCLUDED. The tribe is represented currently only by the genus Selymbria Stål, 1861.
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2019, The cicada genus Selymbria Stå 1, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicininae: Selymbrini): redescription including ten new species and a key to the genus, pp. 401-448 in Zootaxa 4614 (3) on page 403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3995202
{"references":["Distant, W. L. (1905 a) Rhynchotal notes XXX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 304 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443047","Kato, M. (1932) Monograph of Cicadidae. Sanseido, Tokyo, 450 pp.","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Moulds, M. S. (2005) An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 57, 375 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.57.2005.1447","Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 4, 1, 613 - 622.","White, A. (1845) Appendix (D.) Description and figures of four new species of Australian insects. In: Eyre, E. J. (Ed.), Journals of expeditions of discovery into Central Australia and overland from Adelaide to King George Sound, in the years 1840 - 1; sent by the colonists of South Australia, with the sanction and support of the government: including an account of the manners and customs of the Aborigines and the state of their relations with Europeans. T. and W. Boone, London, pp. 432 - 434, pls. 4.","Distant, W. L. (1905 d) Rhynchotal notes XXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 265 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442862"]}

Biology

Plant Science, Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bacteria, biology.organism_classification, biology, Cyanobacteria, Plant science, Nitrogen fixation, Botany, Isolation (microbiology), and Microbial mat

Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Kunitz STI protease inhibitor, Molecular biology, Cathepsin O, Proteolysis, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine, Dithiothreitol, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aminopeptidase, Cathepsin B, Biology, Iodoacetamide, Cysteine, and Biochemistry

The posterior midgut of the phymatid Phymata wolffii Stål contains cathepsin B and aminopeptidase activity. Identification of cathepsin B was based on maximal hydrolysis of benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide and benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide at pH 5.8 and 5.5, respectively. Cathepsin B hydrolysis of the tested substrates was activated by thiol chemicals and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and inhibited by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, iodoacetamide, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Aminopeptidase hydrolyzed leucine-p-nitroanilide maximally at pH 7.8 and hydrolysis of the substrate was activated by magnesium and inhibited by EDTA, dithiothreitol, glutathione, and cysteine. The molecular weight of cathepsin B was 40 000 and was greater than 150 000 for aminopeptidase.

Mechanical Engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, General Materials Science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, System safety, Probabilistic logic, Event (probability theory), Source code, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Context (language use), Pointwise, Engineering, business.industry, business, Design structure matrix, Data mining, computer.software_genre, computer, and Code (cryptography)

We discuss in this paper a computational application of the explicit method for analyzing event trees in the context of probabilistic risk assessments. A detailed analysis of the explicit method is presented, including the train level analysis (TLA) of safety systems and the impact vector method. It is shown that the penalty for not adopting TLA is that in some cases non-conservative results may be reached. The impact vector method can significantly reduce the number of sequences to be considered, and its use has inspired the definition of a dependency matrix, which enables the proper running of a computer code especially developed for analysing event trees. This code constructs and quantifies the event trees in the fashion just discussed, by receiving as input the construction and quantification dependencies defined in the dependency matrix. The code has been extensively used in the Angra 1 PRA currently underway. In its present version it gives as output the dominant sequences for each given initiator, properly classifying them in core-degradation classes as specified by the user. This calculation is made in a pointwise fashion. Extensions of this code are being developed in order to perform uncertainty analyses on the dominant sequences and also risk importance measures of the safety systems envolved.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e testar o uso da serologia em Deois flavopicta (Stål, 1854) (Homoptera :Cercopidae) procurando ampliar o quadro de conhecimento da sua biologia e ecologia. O uso da serologla baseou-se na obtenção de antissoros específicos, utilizando-se a técnica da injeção no linfonôdulo(OLIVEIRA, 1975) e testes, com antígenos homólogos e heterólogos, através da técnica de dupla difusão em gel de ágar (OUCHTERLONY, 1958). Os antígenos utilizados no preparo dos antissoros específicos foram ovos de D. flavopicta em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento: recém-ovipositados (R), no máximo com dois dias; em diapausa (D), com mais de trinta dias e, com opérculo (O), em média com quinze dias. Os resultados das reações serológicas com os antissoros R, D e O mostraram que apôs uma Única injeção do antígeno foi possível detectar reações específicas, sendo, o AS-R, o mais sensível e o de melhor resolução. Quando se comparam as reações efetuadas com esses antissoros notam-se diferenças significativas nos resultados, mostrando que o AS-R responde melhor aos testes serológicos do que o AS-D e este melhor que o AS-O. Os resultados das reações homólogas mostraram que no estágio de ovo os três antissoros evidenciam um máximo de quatro linhas de precipitação. 'Para ninfas do 3º, 4º e 5º estágios, os AS-R e D evidenciaram um máximo de duas linhas e o AS-O apenas uma. Para o estágio adulto, as reações dos antissoros R e D com machos mostraram um máximo de três linhas e o AS-O duas linhas. Nas reações com fêmeas, os AS-R e D mostraram um máximo de oito linhas e o AS-O sete linhas. A nível de laboratório, os resultados dos testes com aranhas alimentadas com uma única ninfa do 49 instar e outras alimentadas com uma única fêmea, mostraram reações positivas e específicas até 24 h a pôs a alimentação. A nível de campo foi possível obter reação positiva para aranhas (Araneae:·Lycosidae). This research aimed to develop and test serology on Deois flavopicta (Stål, 1854) (Homoptera :Cercopidae) in order to contribute for the knowledge of the insect biology and ecology. For the serological studies, specific anteserums were obtained by the lymphonodule injection method (OLIVEIRA, 1975), and testing, with homologous anà heterologous antigens, by the agar double diffusion technique (OUCHTERLONY, 1958). For the preparation of the specific antiserum, D. flavopicta eggs were used in the following conditions: newly oviposited or up to two daysold eggs (R); diapausing eggs older than 30 days (D); and eggs with opercle and with a mean of 15 days (O). Specific serological reactions were obtained after the first inoculation of the different antiserums (AS-R, AS-D, AS-O). Significant differences v1ere observed among the different antiserums: AS-R was more sensible than AS-D and AS-D was more sensible than AS-O. The results of the hornologous reactions have shown that in the egg stage the three antiserums produced a rnaximum of four precipitation l ines. As to the 3rd, 4th and 5th instar nymphs, AS-R and AS-D displayed a maximum of two precipitation lines whereas AS-O displayed only one. Concerning the adult stage, the reactions of AS-R and AS-D with males have produced a maximum of three l ines and AS-O two lines; with females AS-R and AS-D produced a maximum of eight precipitation lines and AS-O seven lines. The results of laboratory tests with spíders fed with only one 4th instar nymph or only one female of D. flavopicta have shown positive and specific reactions up to 24 hours after feeding. A positive reaction was also obtained for spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the field.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Thoreyella, and Thoreyella brasiliensis

Thoreyella brasiliensis Spinola, 1850 (Figs. 6, 17, 22, 27, 32, 42–45, 56–58, 66, 70, Table I) Thoreyella brasiliensis Spinola, 1850: 80–81 (descr.); Spinola 1852: 120– 121; Stål 1872: 45; Kirkaldy 1909: 137 (cat.); Buckup 1961: 13 (reg.); Rolston 1978: 22 (syn.); Rolston 1984: 828–830 (descr.); Rider 1994: 218 (citation); Grazia et. al. 1999: 109 (list); Grazia & Schwertner 2008: 234 (list); Grazia & Campos 2010 (lectotype des.); Bernardes et al. 2009: 3–15, 18, 20–22 (classification, distr., fig.); Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 12 (list). Rhaphigaster acutus Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: 318. Uditta impicta Stål, 1860: 24. Odmalea olivacea Ruckes, 1959: 55. Diagnosis. Juga stronglysinuous, continuous before tylus, with a quarter of the head length. Anterolateral margins of pronotum with one to eight acute teeth. Legs with black punctures. Spiracles placed onwhite calli. Pygophore ogival. Ventral rim processes long, about one third the length of the pygophore, with sutural margins convergent, well visible in profile. Posterior margins of the ventral rim processes with 3+3 teeth, two of them flat, rhomboid at apex, adjacent to the parameres anteriorly directed; the other tooth smaller, wrinkled, with a crest on sutural margin, dorsad directed. Posterolateral margins of pygophore oblique, moderately excavated. Vesica long, less curved, with ventral opening. Laterotergites 8 with apex margin black. Redescription. Generalcolor greenish-yellow, sometimes yellowish-brown to dark brown. Black punctures more concentrated on apex of juga, the remaining punctures concolorous with the dorsal surface of head. Lateral margins of juga, at apical third, outlined in black. Antenniferous tubercleswith black dots dorsally. More concentrated black punctures on basal third of pronotum, including humeral angles, and apical third of scutellum. A black line on posterior surface of humeral angles, extending until mid of posterior margin. Propleurum with a black line. Legs brown or greenish, with black punctures. Spines at apices of femur apically black. Spiracles concolorouswith the body surface, placed on white calli; trichobothria tubercles concolorous with the body. Ovate and elongate (Fig. 6). Head with frons and vertex flat. Juga projected anteriorly, juga measuring more than half the length of buccula in lateral view. Juga concave at base and slightly reflected at apical third. Ocelli placed on tubercles. Buccula rectangular, slightly sinuous, margins depressedobscuring the labiumin profile; apical tooth directed anteriorly, not visible in lateral view; posterior lobe round, projected over protorax. Antennal segments: IPhallotheca (Figs. 56–58) strongly convex dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with postero-ventral opening. Secondary gonopore opening ventral. Vesica (Fig. 56) long, less curved, with ventral opening (Fig. 58), surpassing conjunctiva in approximately half of its length. Female genitalia (Figs. 66, 70). Laterotergites 8 concave with black margins at apex (Fig. 66). Gonocoxites 8 triangular with a short cusp; sutural margins rectilinear; posterior margins sinuous adjacent to sutural margins, rectilinear toward the base. Laterotergites 9 with lateral half strongly convex, median half oblique, apex acute slightly emarginate. Gonapophyses 8 slightly concave at disk. Capsula seminalis globose with a long process measuring 4/5 of its length (Fig. 70). Posterior annular flange (Fig. 70, paf) subequal the anterior annular flange (Fig. 70, aaf). Pars intermedialis with half length of capsula seminalis. Anterior portion of vesicular area slightly curved, sclerotized, occupying 1/3 of the vesicular area length, with constriction delimiting posterior portion of vesicular area. Measurements in Table I. Distribution. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso [new record], Espírito Santo [new record], Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul; AR- GENTINA: Catamarca [new record], Misiones, Santa Fé, Córdoba [new record], and Buenos Aires. Material examined. BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rosário Oeste, without data, 1 female (DZUP); Espírito Santo: Linhares, Parquede Sooretama, 18.X.1958, D.Zajclw col., 1 female (UFRG); Minas Gerais: Lavras, 29.I.2002, T. Cubiaki col., 1 female (DFLC); Perdizes, VII.1965. C. Elias col., 3 females (DZUP); Araxá, 27.X1965, C.Elias col., 1 female (DZUP); Alpinópolis 15–24.V.1963, Claudiomar Elias col., 1 female (DZUP); Poços de Caldas, Morro do ferro, 20.VII.1965, J. Becker, O. Roppa and O. Leoncini col., 1 female (MNRJ); Poço de Caldas, MºS. Domingos, 29.II.1968. J. Becker, O. Roppa and O. Leoncini col., 2 females (MNRJ); Poços de Caldas, Mºs. Domingos, 12.II.1969, J. Becker, O. Roppa & O. Leoncini col., 1 male (MNRJ); Itajubá, 8.I.1961, Herbert col., 02103/61, 2 female, attached tothe same pin (UFRG); São Paulo: São Roque, 14.VI.1949, F. Lane col., 1 male (UFRG); São José do Barreiro, Sa. Bocaina- 1500m, 4.XI.1965, F.M. Oliveira col., 2 males 3 females (DZUP); São Paulo, Est. Carlos Norberto, 800ms., 21.X.1942, L. Trav. & Almeida col., n° 02564, 1 female (FIOC); Campos do Jordão, Eug. Lefevre: 1200m, 24.I.1963, J. Guimarães, Medeiros, L. Silva, A. Rocha & L. T. F. col., 1 male, 1 female (UFRG); Cantareira, Bairro S. Paulo, Museu Dirings, XI.1936, Dirings col. 111, 1 female (MZSP); Parelheiros, 20.XII.1975, L.R.Fontes col., 1 female (UFRG); Ipiranga, 18.XII.1961, Trigo & Batista col., 1 female (UFRG); Paraná: no data, J.C.M. Carvalho col., 1 female (UFRG); Curitiba, IX.1961, S. Laroca col., 1 male (DZUP); Curitiba, 16.II.1966, C. Ext. D.Z.U.F.P. col., 1 male (DZUP); Curitiba, 4.IV.1967, D.Z.U.F.P. col., 1 female (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, Pedreira, 1735, X.1942, unknown col., 1 male, 1 female (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, 1731, 1942, unknown col., 1 female (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, XII.1938, Camargo col., 1 female (UFRG); São Mateus do Sul, 3.XI.1982, Iede col., 1 male (UFRG); Londrina, 26.III.1997, Clarice col., 1 male (UFRG); Pinhão, Rio Bragança, 26.X.1991, R. P. da Rocha col., 2 females (UFRG); Santa Catarina: Mafra XII.1959, unknown col., 1 male, 1 female (UFRG); Rio Vermelho, III.1953, Dirings col., 1 male, 1 female (MZSP); Nova Teutônia, 27° 11’ 8, 52° 23’, 300m, 16.VII.1948, Fritz Plaumann col., Ex.Coll. H. Ruckes, 1 male (UFRG); Nova Teutônia, 27° 11’ 8, 52° 23’, 300–500 m, 12.I.1949, 1 male (UFRG); Cauna, 11.X.1945, A. Maller col.Frank Johnson Donor, 1 male (UFRG); Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, XII.1954, Baucke col., 3 females, 1 male (UFRG); Bom Jesus, I.1955, Corseuil col., 2 females (UFRG); Vila Oliva, II.1950, 5 females, 1 male (UFRG); Catuípe, 17.XI.2004, F.L. Santos col., n° 5525, 1 male (Laboratório de Zoologia, UNIJUÍ); idem, data 30.I.2005, n° 5838, 1 female (Laboratório de Zoologia, UNIJUÍ); idem, n° 5840, 1 male (Laboratório de Zoologia, UNIJUÍ); idem, n° 5941, 1 male (Laboratório de Zoologia, UNIJUÍ); idem, n° 5839, 1 female (UFRG); idem, n° 5842, 1 male (UFRG); Rio Grande, E. E. do Taim, 23.III.–3.IV.1981, J. Grazia col., 1 female (UFRG); idem, 11.III.1982, 1 female (UFRG); idem, 13.III.1982, 1 female (UFRG); idem 14.III.1982, 1 female (UFRG); idem, 15.III.1982, 1 female (UFRG). ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: Delta, 13.X.1946, Bachmann col., 1 male (MACN); San Fernando, without data, 1 male, 1 female (MACN); Corrientes: San Tomé X.1925, unknown col., 1 female, 1 male (MACN); Misiones: Loreto, III.1936, unknown col., 1 male (MACN); Iguazú, 30.I– 13.III.1945, Hayward col., 1 male (RMNH); Catamarca: El Rodeo, 1500m, 8–28.I.1958, R. Globach col., 4 females (RMNH); Córdoba. Almafuerte, La Cascada, III.1964, F.H. Waltz col., 1 male (RMNH). Comments. Juga are longer and wider than in remaining species of Thoreyella. The anterolateral marginsof pronotum with one to eight acute teeth and the black punctures on legs are autapomorphies to T. brasiliensis. Spiracles elevated by calli is shared with T. maracaja sp. nov., however the position of the spiracles on calli are distinct: in T. brasiliensis the spiracles are on the center of the calli, and in T. maracaja sp. nov. the spiracles are laterad. Also, the angle formed by the lobes of the parameres is distinct of the remaining species.
Published as part of Bernardes, Jorge Luiz Cabeleira, Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens & Grazia, Jocélia, 2011, Review of Thoreyella Spinola with the description of two new species from Brazil (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), pp. 299-312 in Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 55 (3) on pages 308-310, DOI: 10.1590/S0085-56262011005000037, http://zenodo.org/record/3628549
{"references":["Spinola, M. 1850. Di alcuni generi d'insetti arthroidignati nouvamenti proposit. Modena, p. 61 - 138.","Spinola, M. 1852. Di alcuni generi d'insetti arthroidignati nuovamente proposti. Memorie di Matematica e di Fisica della Societa italiana delle Scienze Modena 25: 101 - 178.","Stal, C. 1872. Enumeratio Hemipterorum II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar 10: 1 - 159.","Kirkaldy, G. W. 1909. Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). 1. Cimicidae. Berlin, Felix L. Dames, xi + 392 p.","Buckup, L. 1961. Os pentatomideos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) (Hemiptera-Hetroptera-Pentatomidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 16: 5 - 23.","Rolston, L. H. 1978. A revision o f the genus Odmalea Bergroth (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 86: 20 - 36.","Rolston, L. H. 1984. A review of the genus Thoreyella Spinola (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86: 826 - 834.","Rider, D. A. 1994. A generic conspectus of the tribe Procleticini Pennington (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), with the description of Paraodmalea rubella, new genus and species. Journal of the NewYork Entomological Society 102: 193 - 221.","Grazia, J.; N. D. F. De Fortes & L. A. Campos. 1999. Superfamilia Pentatomoidea, p. 101 - 112. In: Brandao, L. R. & E. Cancello (eds.). Biodiversidade do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: sintese do conhecimento aofinal do seculo XX, vol. 5, Sao Paulo, FAPESP, xviii + 279 p.","Grazia, J. & C. F. Schwertner. 2008. Pentatomidae y Cyrtocoridae. In: Debandi, G.; L. Claps & S. Roig-Junent (eds.). Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos. vol. 2, Tucuman, SEA, 599 p.","Grazia, J. & L. A. Campos. 2010. Neotropical Pentatomidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the collection of Massimiliano Spinola preserved in the \" Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali \", Turin. Zoologia 27: 413 - 424.","Bernardes, J. L. C.; C. F. Schwertner & J. Grazia. 2009. Cladistic analysis of Thoreyella and related genera (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Procleticini). Zootaxa 2310: 1 - 23.","Grazi, J. & C. F. Schwertner. 2011. Check-list dos percevejos-do-mato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 12. Available from: http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 11 n 1 a / pt / fullpaper? bn 0371101 a 2011 + pt (accessed 3 August 2011)","Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. H. 1851. Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. vol. 9, Nurberg, 348 p.","Stal, C. 1860. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro- traktens Hemipterfauna. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 2: 1 - 84.","Ruckes, H. 1959. A new species of Odmalea Bergroth from Brazil. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 67: 55 - 57."]}

Insect Science, Nearctic ecozone, Reduviidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Genus, Harpactorinae, Ecology, Taxonomy (biology), Hemiptera, Heteroptera, and Male genitalia

Nine species of Zelus Fabricius 1803 are found in the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico: Z. tetracanthus Stal, Z. luridus Stal, Z. exsanguis Stal, Z. nugax Stal, Z. renardii Kolenati, Z. cervicalis Stal, Z. janus Stal, Z. longipes (L.), and Z. grassans Stal. Several of these are among the most commonly encountered reduviids in the Nearctic. Keys, lists of synonymy, brief descriptions, distributions, discussions, and figures of the male genitalia are provided. Thirteen new synonymies are recorded and one previously synonymized species is restored to specific level.

Insect Science, Paratype, Holotype, Taxonomy (biology), Reduviidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, West indies, Heteroptera, Zoology, Male genitalia, and Hemiptera

Eleven species of Zelus Fabricius (1803) are found in the West Indies. These are divided into two groups, insular and continental. The first group contains four closely related species known only from the West Indies: Z. subimpressus Stal, Z. zayasi Bruner & Barber, Z. bruneri de Zayas, and Z. puertoricensis , n. sp. The last group contains seven species that have been introduced to the West Indies from South or Central America: Z. longipes (L.), Z. prolixus Stal, Z. illotus Berg, Z. impar Kuhlgatz, Z. minutus , n. sp., Z. vespiformis , n. sp., and Z. korystos , n. sp. Keys, lists of synonymy, distributions, discussions, and figures of the male genitalia are provided.

Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Richardia scabra, biology.organism_classification, biology, Geocoris, Weed, Lygaeidae, Bidens alba, Horticulture, Predation, Predator, and Biological pest control

Geocoris punctipes (Say) is a common insect predator in field crops throughout the southeastern United States and has been extensively studied as a potential biological control agent of a number of insect pests. The oviposition behavior of this predator and others of the genus Geocoris is not well known. McGregor and McDonough (1917) reported that G. punctipes eggs could be found deposited in mite colonies on the undersides of cotton leaves. Van den Bosch and Hagen (1966) observed this behavior for Geocoris spp. in California and added that eggs were also frequently found in the terminal growth of cotton plants. Tamaki and Weeks (1972) noted that eggs of G. bullatus (Say) and G. pallens StAl were often found in soil duff and the underside of sugarbeet leaves. They also observed that eggs were more abundant on potatoes and sugarbeets than on brocoli in interplant studies. Wilson and Gutierrez (1980) reported that G. punctipes and G. pallens deposited most of their eggs on the undersides of leaves in preference to other cotton plant parts. As part of a more comprehensive study to examine the influence of plants on the biology and ecology of G. punctipes in Florida soybean (Naranjo and Stimac 1985, 1987) observations were made on oviposition behavior in this predator. This note reports on oviposition site preferences demonstrated by G. punctipes females in laboratory experiments utilizing soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Bragg variety), and a complex of broadleaf weeds commonly associated with soybean in Florida. One laboratory colony female, 5-10 days of age, was confined in a circular cage containing either two plants of one species or a combination of one soybean and one of ten weed species for a 24 hour period at 27?C. The cage (30cm x 15cm dia.) was constructed of fine mesh (7 divisions/cm) fiberglass screening and two petri dishes. The weeds examined were Amaranthus hybridus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Bidens alba L., Cassia obtusifolia L., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) Dc., Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lamb.), Richardia scabra L., and Solidagofistulosa Mill.. Prey (Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) eggs) were individually attached to the underside of leaves in the cage. After the test period the predator was removed and the number and location of deposited eggs were recorded, including those on the cage itself. A total of 359 separate cages were examined. Pooling all plant species, females deposited ca. 77.5% of their eggs on cage surfaces in preference to plant surfaces (Table 1). Eggs laid on cage surfaces were found on the screen mesh and in the juncture between the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the cage lids. Eggs were most often found deposited through the screen mesh onto the lid where these two surfaces overlapped. G. punctipes demonstrated specific site preferences when laying eggs on plant surfaces (Table 1). Close to one-half of the eggs laid on plants were desposited on undersides of leaves and a large percentage were laid on main stems. Relatively few eggs were laid on upper leaf surfaces, leaf petioles, or apical growing points.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Miridae, Botany, Phytocoris, food.ingredient, food, Nymph, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Leptoglossus, Coreidae, Horticulture, and Orchard

Two insecticides (carbaryl and permethrin) failed to control epicarp lesion (EL) in a pistachio orchard at Winters, Calif., because several hemipterous insect species continually invaded the orchard. Beating-tray and sweep-net samples revealed high adult populations of Psallus vaccinicola (Knight), Psallus ancorifer (Feiber), and Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.). Nymphs and adults of a Neurocolpus sp., Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin), Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal), Lygus hesperus (Knight), and Leptoglossus clypealis (Heidemann) also were collected. A Phytocoris sp. (Miridae) was captured in a sticky trap placed in the orchard. Psallus vaccinicola, Neurocolpus sp., C. norvegicus, Phytocoris sp., and the rhopalid L. hyalinus induced EL on young pistachio fruits from early April to late May, while the pericarp firmness was ≤1.8 kg force. In contrast, nymphs and adults of T. pallidovirens and L. clypealis were able to cause EL until late June (pericarp firmness, 4.0 kg force), and kernel necrosis (KN) thereafter (pericarp firmness, 5.5–6.0 kg force). All insect species appeared to prefer feeding in or near the base of the fruit, which lignified later than the fruit apex. Also, significantly less KN (19–34%) developed in clusters protected with net bags compared with uncaged controls (48–65% KN).

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cathode ray, Atomic physics, Plasma, Secondary electrons, Distribution function, Charged particle, Ion, Physics, Ionization, and Electron

A method of solving the nonsteady kinetic equation of deceleration of electrons is developed in the basis of the application of the multigroup approximation. The electron distribution function in air ionized by nonsteady sources of primary electrons is determined, and the process of avalanche formation of secondary electrons in air is investigated. The time dependence of the emission intensity of air is determined, experimentally and by calculation, in two spectral intervals, one of which includes the lambda = 391.4 nm NS N/sub 2//sup +/ (O, O) band while the other includes the lambda = 337.1 nm 2 PS N/sub 2/ (O, O) band, under the action of a short electron beam with an energy E = 100 keV for different values of the gas pressure. The agreement between theoretical results and experimental data indicates the reliability of the method of solving the nonsteady kinetic equation of electron deceleration proposed in the paper.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Delphacidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Leafhopper, Fauna, PEST analysis, Botany, Phenology, Planthopper, Homoptera, and Cynodon dactylon

A survey of the leafhopper and planthopper fauna of bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.), was conducted in Georgia during 1985 and 1986. Four species of delphacid planthoppers and 28 species of leafhoppers were collected. Leafhopper species accounting for at least 1% of the total number of adult leafhoppers in both years were Endria inimica (Say), Exitianus exitiosus (Uhler), Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), G. sonora (Ball), Polyamia weedi (Van Duzee), Planicephalus flavocostatus (Van Duzee), Psammotettix lividellus (Zetterstedt), and Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee). These species collectively represented 92.3 and 95.1% of all specimens collected in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Liburniella ornate (Stal) was the most abundant planthopper in 1985, whereas Delphacodes propinqua (Fieber) was the predominant planthopper in 1986. E. exitiosus, E. inimica , G. nigrifrons, P. lividellus, P. weedi , and D. propinqua occurred during the period of greatest reported damage, or in sufficient densities to be suspected of causing economic damage to bermudagrass.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Horticulture, Pentatomidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Heteroptera, Apex (geometry), Fruit tree, Phenology, Leptoglossus, Anacardiaceae, Coreidae, Botany, and food and beverages

Pistachio ( Pistacta vera L.) (‘Kerman’) fruits with fresh-appearing epicarp lesion (EL) symptoms caused by leaffooted bugs ( Leptoglossus spp.) or stinkbugs ( Thyanta pallidovirens Stal) (or both) were collected periodically, and the sites of EL or kernel necrosis (KN) symptoms were recorded. In addition, the sites of KN were determined in randomly collected pistachio samples. Fruit pericarp firmness was determined on symptomless healthy fruits on the base (stem end) and apex of fruits. The percentage of EL initiated at the fruit base increased from about 40% at the end of May to 80% at the beginning of August, suggesting a shift of feeding habits of leaffooted bugs and stinkbugs. Moreover, 60-74% of the Kn symptoms were found at the stem end and along the suture line, in areas of lower pericarp firmness and delayed lignification. Apparently, leaffooted bugs and stinkbugs can locate these softer areas even though they are not visually distinct.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Ochteridae, Ochterus, and Ochterus brunneus

Ochterus brunneus Hungerford, 1927 Ochterus brunneus Hungerford, 1927: 188 –189 (description, differential diagnosis). SYNTYPES: 2, Bolivia: ‘Huachi Rio Beni’ (USNM). Ochterus brunneus: SCHELL (1943a): 32, 35 (key to species, illustration), SCHELL (1943b): 41 (original description repeated, differential diagnosis); DRAKE (1952): 74 (checklist); HECKMAN (2011): 461 (key to species, illustration). (1 1 ♀ MMBC, 1 NMPC); NE,Ankarafantsika N.P., 22.–24.iv.2011, ca. 100 m a.s.l., sweeping close to main entrance, 1, P. Baňař lgt., P. Kment det. (MMBC). MOZAMBIQUE: CW, 30 km NE Guro, 17°14′S 33°27′E, 620 m a.s.l., 11.xii.2005, 1 1 ♀, J. Halada lgt., P. Kment det. (MMBC). SOUTH SUDAN: UPPER NILE : near Malakal, 5.–20.i. 1963, 1 1 ♀, R. E. Linnavuori lgt., P. Kment det. (ACPI). SUDAN: BLUE NILE : Blue Nile Prov., Ed Damazin [= Ad-Damazin], 2.xii.1967, 1 5 ♀♀ (Fig. 19), P. Štys lgt. (1169), P. Kment det. (1 4 ♀♀ MMBC, 1 ♀ NMPC). SENNAR : Blue Nile prov., Dinder Game Reserve, Galegu, 28.ii.1967, 4 4 ♀♀, P. Štys lgt. (653), P. Kment det. (3 3 ♀♀ MMBC, 1 1 ♀ NMPC); same locality, 4.iii.1967, 4 6 ♀♀, P. Štys lgt. (686), P. Štys det. as O. marginatus caffer, P. Kment revid. (3 5 ♀♀ MMBC, 1 1 ♀ NMPC). Distribution. Afrotropical Region: Benin (KORMILEV 1973); Burkina Faso (LINNAVUORI 1981); Cameroon (POISSON 1948); Cape Verde Islands: Santiago Island (MANCINI 1939a); Central African Republic (LINNAVUORI 1981); Chad (LINNAVUORI 1981); Democratic Republic of the Congo (POISSON 1949, 1968b; POISSON & SALLIER DUPIN 1969); Ethiopia (DE CARLINI 1895, MANCINI 1956); Gambia (NIESER & CHEN 1992); Guinea (POISSON 1954, BERTRAND 1962); Ivory Coast (POISSON 1968a); Kenya (JACZEWSKI 1934); Madagascar (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2008); Mozambique (new record); Nigeria (JACZEWSKI 1934, LINNAVUORI 1981); Republic of the Congo (BERTRAND 1962); São Tomé and Príncipe: Príncipe Island (MANCINI 1939a); Senegal (NIESER & CHEN 1992); Sierra Leone (JACZEWSKI 1934); Somalia (MANCINI 1939a,b; LINNAVUORI 1982); South Africa (STÅL 1855, JACZEWSKI 1934, KORMILEV 1973); South Sudan (LINNAVUORI 1971, 1980); Sudan (new record); Tanzania (JACZEWSKI 1934).
Published as part of Kment, Petr, Carapezza, Attilio & Jindra, Zdeněk, 2020, Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 23-64 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.003, http://zenodo.org/record/3879659
{"references":["HUNGERFORD H. B. 1927: A report upon the aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera of the Mulford Biological Expedition to Bolivia, South- - America, 1921 - 22. Proceedings of the Entomomological Society of America 29: 187 - 190 + pl. 10.","SCHELL D. V. 1943 a: The Ochteridae (Hemiptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 16 (1): 29 - 36. [January 1943]","SCHELL D. V. 1943 b: The Ochteridae (Hemiptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 16 (2): 37 - 47. [April 1943]","DRAKE C. J. 1952: Concerning American Ochteridae (Hemiptera). Florida Entomologist 35: 72 - 75.","HECKMAN 2011: Encyclopedia of South American aquatic insects: Hemiptera - Heteroptera. Illustrated keys to known families, genera, and species in South America. Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York, ix + 679 pp.","STAL C. 1855: Hemiptera fran Kafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 12: 27 - 47.","KORMILEV N. A. 1973: Ochteridae from Western and Southern Africa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 106: 1 - 9.","LINNAVUORI R. E. 1981: Hemiptera of Nigeria, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries. 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families, Saldidae and Leptopodidae. Acta Entomologica Fennica 37: 1 - 39.","MANCINI C. 1939 a: Osservazioni sugli Ochterus del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (hemipt.). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 67: 123 - 126.","POISSON R. A. 1949: Hemipteres aquatiques. Parc National Albert, I. Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935) 58: 3 - 94.","POISSON R. A. 1968 b: Aquatic Heteroptera. In: SYMOENS J. - J. (ed.): Hydrobiological survey of the Lake Bangweulu, Luapula River Basin. Volume XIV, fascicule 11. Cercle Hydrobiologique de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 51 pp.","POISSON R. A. & SALLIER DUPIN F. DE 1969: Aquatic Heteroptera from the Luanza Drainage Area. In: SYMOENS J. - J. (ed.): Hydrobiological survey of the Lake Bangweulu, Luapula River Basin. Volume XIV, fascicule 12. Cercle Hydrobiologique de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 26 pp + 2 pls.","CARLINI A. DE 1895: VII. Rincoti. In: Esplorazione del Giuba e dei suoi affluenti compiuta dal Cap. V. Bottego durante gli anni 1892 - 93 sotto gli auspici della Societa Geografica Italiana. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2 15: 103 - 125.","MANCINI C. 1956: Emitteri dell'Abissinia raccolti dal M. se Saverio Patrizi e da altri. Fragmenta Entomologica 2: 65 - 96.","NIESER N. & CHEN P. - P. 1992: Notes on Gelastocoridae and Ochteridae (Heteroptera) with the description of five new species. Storkia 1: 2 - 13.","POISSON R. A. 1954: XXX. Hydrocorises (2 e contribution) (Mission Lamotte et Roy, juillet-decembre 1951). In: La Reserve Naturelle Integrale du Mt Nimba. Fascicule II. Memoires de l'Institut Francais d ' Afrique Noire 40: 359 - 370.","BERTRAND H. 1962: Mission H. Bertrand (1956 - 1957) en Afrique occidentale et equatoriale. Hydrocorises. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, Serie A 34: 880 - 885.","POISSON R. A. 1968 a: Contributions a la connaissance de la faune entomologique de la Cote d'Ivoire (J. Decelle 1961 - 1964). Annales de Musee Royal de l ' Afrique Centrale, Serie in- 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 165: 399 - 403.","JACZEWSKI T. 1934: Notes on the Old World species of Ochteridae (Heteroptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10 13: 597 - 613.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2008: A new Indian Ocean species of Ochterus from the island of Mauritius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48: 281 - 288.","LINNAVUORI R. E. 1982: Some Hemipterous fauna from Somalia and Ethiopia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 16 (Suppl.): 1 - 33.","LINNAVUORI R. E. 1971: Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries. 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families. Annales Zoologici Fennici 8: 340 - 366.","LINNAVUORI R. E. 1980: Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries. 8. Additiones and correctiones. Biogeography. Acta Entomologica Fennica 36: 1 - 53."]}

O trabalho objetivou estudar taxonomicamente as oito espécies e uma subespécie do gênero Dysdercus que ocorrem no estado de São Paulo: D. albofasciatus Berg. 1878; D. chaquensis Freiberg, 1947; D. fernaldi fuscofasciatus Blote, 1931; D. honestus Blote, 1931; D. imarginatus Blote, 1931; D. longirostris Stal, 1861; D. maurus Distant, 1901; D. peruvianus Guérin-Menéville, 1831; D. ruficollis (L. 1764). Os exemplares estudados foram identificados pelo autor e provieram das coleções do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (SP), Instituto Biológico de São Paulo (SP), Coleção Costa Lima da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (PR), Centro de Diagnóstico"Marcos Enrietti"(PR), Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (PR) e de coletas efetuadas pelo autor nas principais regiões produtoras de algodão do Estado de São Paulo. Com base nas ilustrações dos caracteres analisados (pigóforo, parâmeros e edeago dos machos e gonocoxas e espermateca das fêmeas) elaboraram-se chaves de identificação para machos e fêmeas. Concluiu-se que: a) as espécies mais comumente associadas ao algodoeiro, no Estado de São Paulo são: D. peruvianus, D. maurus, D. ruficollis, D. honestus e D. chaquensis. b) todos os taxa são seguramente identificados com base nas estruturas genitais de machos e fêmeas. c) os padrões de coloração e porte são úteis como caracteres diagnósticos secundários This investigation was developed to study taxonomically the eight species and one subespecies of the genus Dysdercus recorded in São Paulo State: D. alfobasciatus Berg, 1878; D. chaquensis Freiberg, 1947; D. fenaldi fuscofasciatus Blote, 1931; D. honestus Blote, 1931; D. immarginatus Blote, 1931; D. longirostris Stal. 1861; D. maurus Distant, 1901; D. peruvianus Guérin-Menéville, 1831 and D. ruficollis (L.,1764). Species identifications were done by the author. The specimens studied belong to the collections of"Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo","Instituto Biológico de São Paulo","Coleção Costa Lima da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro","Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná","Centro de Diagnóstico Marcos Enrietti", and"Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia". Also, cotton-stainer bugs collected in fields in São Paulo State were studied. Based on illustrations of the ninth segment, parameres and"aedeagus"of the male,"gonocoxae"and spermatheca of the female and chromatic characteristics were prepared identification keys for both male and female. According to the results, the species associated to teh cotton plant, in São Paulo State are: D. peruvianus, D. maurus, D. ruficollis, D. honestus and D. chaquensis. All taxa are properly identified by genitals structures of both male and female. The collors patterns and size are useful as secundaries diagnostic characters

Animal Science and Zoology, Treehopper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Perdita, Monophyly, Genus, Tribe (biology), Hemiptera, Systematics, Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Distribution, Homoptera, identification, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, Distribuição, filogenia, identificação, morfologia, and taxonomia

Morphological characters of adults of the treehopper subfamily Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929 (Hemiptera, Membracidae) including seven genera (Eudonica gen. nov.; Euwalkeria Goding, 1926; Holdgatiella Evans, 1962; Nicomia Stål, 1858; Nodonica Dietrich, McKamey& Deitz, 2001; Stalomia gen. nov.; and Tolania Stål, 1858) and 22 species (16 new) are described and illustrated. Keys are provided for genera and for species of Euwalkeria, Holdgatiella, and Nicomia. Nomenclatural changes, based on study of the primary type material of 15 species, include three new combinations, one new synonymy, and reinstatement of one junior synonym. Eudonica has one species, Eudonica nanella sp. nov.; Euwalkeria has five species, including four new species: E. colorata sp. nov., E. distincta sp. nov., E. perdita sp. nov., E. rubrica sp. nov.; Holdgatiella has two species, one of which is described as new: Holdgatiella chiloensis sp. nov.; Nicomia has twelve species, nine of which are described as new: N. buccina sp. nov., N. harenosa sp. nov., N. inscripta sp. nov., N. jucunda sp. nov., N. monticola sp. nov., N. nigrifasciata sp. nov., N. notidana sp. nov., N. pulchella sp. nov., N. serrata sp. nov.; Nodonica has one species, Nodonica bispinigera Dietrich, McKamey & Deitz; and Stalomia has one species, Stalomia veruta sp. nov. Tolania contains eleven previously described species and nearly 60 new species, which will be treated in a later publication. Three new combinations are proposed: one species described in Nicomia is placed in the tribe Abelini (Centrotinae) as Abelus retrospinosus (Lethierry) comb. nov.; one species previously placed in Nicomia is transferred to the genus Tolania as T. obliqua (Walker, 1858), comb. nov.; one species described in Holdgatiella is placed in the genus Tolania as T. stria (Cryan & Deitz, 2002), comb. nov. One new synonymy is proposed: Hoplophera [sic] cicadoides Walker, 1862, syn. nov., a junior synonym of Nicomia interrupta Stål, 1858. Nicomia subfasciata Stål, 1858, is reinstated. The results of a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology are presented, illustrating the hypothesized relationships among species and genera of Nicomiinae. The analysis supports the broader concept of Nicomiinae proposed here. The monophyly of this group is supported by eleven characters, and all of the included genera are also monophyletic. Caracteres morfológicos dos adultos das cigarrinhas da subfamília Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929 incluindo sete gêneros (Eudonica gen. nov.; Euwalkeria Goding, 1926; Holdgatiella Evans, 1962; Nicomia Stål, 1858; Nodonica Dietrich, McKamey& Deitz, 2001; Stalomia gen. nov. e Tolania Stål, 1858), e 22 espécies (16 espécies novas) são descritos e ilustrados. Chaves taxônomicas para identificação de gêneros e espécies de Euwalkeria, Holdgatiella e Nicomia são fornecidas. Mudanças nomenclaturais, baseadas no estudo de material-tipo primário de 15 espécies, incluem três combinações novas, uma nova sinonímia e revalidação de um sinônimo-júnior. Eudonica inclui uma espécie nova, Eudonica nanella sp. nov.; Euwalkeria inclui cinco espécies, sendo quatro novas: E. colorata sp. nov., E. distincta sp. nov., E. perdita sp. nov. e E. rubrica sp. nov.; Holdgatiella inclui duas espécies, sendo uma nova: Holdgatiella chiloensis sp. nov.; Nicomia inclui 12 espécies, sendo nove novas: N. buccina sp. nov., N. harenosa sp. nov., N. inscripta sp. nov., N. jucunda sp. nov., N. monticola sp. nov., N. nigrifasciata sp. nov., N. notidana sp. nov., N. pulchella sp. nov. e N. serrata sp. nov.; Nodonica inclui uma espécie, Nodonica bispinigera Dietrich, McKamey & Deitz e Stalomia inclui uma espécie nova, Stalomia veruta sp. nov. Tolania inclui 11 espécies previamente descritas e aproximadamente 60 espécies novas, as quais serão tratadas posteriormente em outra publicação. Três combinações novas são propostas: Abelus retrospinosus (Lethierry) comb. nov., previamente em Nicomia, é transferida para a tribo Abelini (Centrotinae); Tolania obliqua (Walker, 1858) comb. nov., previamente em Nicomia; e Tolania stria (Cryan & Deitz, 2002) comb. nov., previamente em Holdgatiella. Uma nova sinonímia é proposta: Hoplophera [sic] cicadoides Walker, 1862 é considerada um sinônimo junior de Nicomia interrupta Stål, 1858. A espécie Nicomia subfasciata Stål, 1858 é revalidada. Os resultados de uma análise filogenética baseada em caracteres morfológicos são apresentados, ilustrando as possíveis relações entre gêneros e espécies de Nicomiinae. A análise suporta o conceito proposto mais amplo de Nicomiinae. O monofiletismo da subfamília é suportado por 11 caracteres e todos os gêneros incluídos são também recuperados como monofiléticos.

Insect Science, Plant Science, Genetics, Animal Science and Zoology, General Medicine, Meiosis, Molecular biology, Bivalent (genetics), Chromosomal inversion, Telophase, Chromosomal rearrangement, Acentric fragment, Biology, Anaphase, and Dicentric chromosome

The meiotic behaviour of a spontaneous chromosome rearrangement in a natural population of Acanonicus hahni (Stal)(Coreidae, Heteroptera) is described, which is concluded to be a heterozygous inversion. In this holokinetic system the principal consequences of a single cross-over located within the inversion loop are: (a) the appearance of a double bridge at anaphase I, instead of the single dicentric bridge and acentric fragment of monocentric systems; (b) the persistence of the double bridge at telophase I which inhibits cytokinesis; (c) the occurrence of double cells at metaphase II with the restored ‘bivalent’ between the two nuclei; (d) the presence of single bridges at anaphase II; and (e) the production of a high percentage of abnormal spermatids. A possible explanation of all these phenomena is given and discussed.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Horticulture, Vigna, PEST analysis, Botany, Laboratory results, Heteroptera, Pest control, business.industry, business, Coreidae, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, and food and beverages

A laboratory screening method was developed for evaluating resistance of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, to Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. The technique uses dry cowpea seeds, which were judged better than fresh seeds or fresh pods, to identify protracted nymphal development and high cohort mortality. Two wild cowpea relatives, TVNu 72 and TVNu 73, were highly resistant to C. tomentosicollis . Insect mortalities were >85% on the resistant lines as compared to

Insect Science, Phaneropterinae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Orthoptera, Amblycorypha, Pulse (music), Zoology, Tick, Anatomy, Phrase, Chorus effect, Tettigoniidae, humanities, psychological phenomena and processes, health care economics and organizations, behavioral disciplines and activities, and genetic structures

The sounds made by Amblycorypha parvipennis Stal (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) consist of sequences of phrases produced at rates of 7-9/min with phrases 4-5 s long consisting of an average of 24 phonatomes (20-25°C). Phonatomes consisting of three or four pulse trains generated during a single wingstroke were produced at average rates of 4.5-5.5/s. Adjacent singing males alternate and overlap phrases and, where phrases overlap, phonatomes are synchronized. Although males of several phaneropterine species alternate production of phrases, and one species has been reported occasionally synchronizing lisps, no other orthopteran is known to alternate overlapped phrases and to synchronize phonatomes. Male song phrase intervals are longer during paired chorusing than when males sing alone; this suggests that phrase alternation is the result of one male being inhibited during most of the phrase of another singing katydid. Phaneropterine females typically produce single, short sounds (“ticks”) at species-identifying intervals of 17-1,130 ms following male phrases. Females of A. parvipennis are unique in producing an average of 3.2 ticks/male phrase (range, 1-17; mode, 1) and ticks falling between the phonatomes of male phrases. The only or last female tick usually falls just before (49%) or after (46%) the last phonatome of a male phrase. Sequences of female ticks fall between male phonatomes, and ticks are initiated an average of 120 ms following initiation of the previous male phonatomes. Male phonatome synchrony may have evolved so that females could time their responses and males could perceive female responses.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Diel vertical migration, PEST analysis, Botany, Fecundity, Circadian rhythm, Animal science, Pentatomidae, Rhythm, and Hemiptera

The complete ovipositional rhythms of Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) fed peas, beans, or lentils and the diel ovipositional rhythms when fed beans were determined in the laboratory. The ovipositional response of these insects was significantly affected by the food provided; T. pallidovirens that were provided peas produced significantly more eggs ($\bar x$ = 295) than those provided beans ($\bar x$ = 165) or lentils ($\bar x$ = 122). T. pallidovirens fed peas had constant eggs per clutch (E/C) and number of days between clutches (DBC) over the ovipositional period; whereas those fed beans or lentils had significant negative slope when E/C or DBC were predicted by either days from first oviposition or number of clutches already laid. T. pallidovirens that were fed beans had a consistent diel ovipositional cycle with 1500 and 1700 hours having significantly more oviposition than 400, 1600, 1800, and 1900 hours, which were significantly greater than 200, 2200, 2000, 1400, and 2100 hours, which were significantly greater than the remaining hours. There was also a consistent diel mating cycle for this insect, with 400, 500, 600, and 700 hours having significantly more mating than 800, 900, 2200, 2100, and HOO hours, which were significantly greater than the remaining hours.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Reproduction, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Sativum, Pentatomidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Longevity, Fecundity, Heteroptera, PEST analysis, Botany, Hemiptera, Horticulture, food and beverages, embryonic structures, and fungi

The effects of pea, Pisum sativum L., and lentil, Lens culinaris Medik., development on reproduction and longevity of Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) were evaluated in the laboratory. Stink bug reproduction and longevity were both significantly affected by the host plants’ developmental stage. The greatest number of eggs, with the highest number of viable eggs and eggs per clutch, were laid and the longest life span occurred on peas or lentils with mature pods. Insects given peas or lentils with flowers and immature pods had shorter life spans and produced significantly fewer total eggs, eggs per clutch, and viable eggs. Almostno eggs were produced by females given seedlings or only flowering host plants.

It is demonstrated that Microcoleus chthonoplastes forms typical bundles and a glycocalyx encasing several trichomes not only in nature but also under certain laboratory conditions if the appropriate sediments, light conditions and humidities are used. Mat formation, population dynamics, composition and vertical mobility of the two major mat forming cyanobacteria of the Mellum "Farbstreifen-Sandwatt" were studied using pure cultures and wild type material from Mellum. Nitrogen fixation by natural field populations, lab systems and isolated cultures were studied and the possibility of interspecies nitrogen transfer was tested. The colonization of sediments completely free of combined nitrogen by 0. limosa or M. chthonoplastes was not possible. Bi-partitioning of individual strata of 0. limosa in freshly inoculated sediments and individual developments of photoprotective pigments, curl and pinnacle structures in the course of laboratory experiments were observed. Although it is possible that two different strains of 0. limosa were inoculated repeatedly we can conclude from the experiments that adaptational pleomorphy (KRUMBEIN et al. 1989) within one clone is a possible explanation of the formation of two layers and differently reacting Oscillatoria-trichomes in laboratory experiments. These results are in agreement with "comet" structures described by CASTENHOLZ (1982).

Microbial mats and microbial biofilms covering sedimentary environments of the deep sea, sea-marginal hypersaline systems and of intertidal sediments of the Wadden Sea are some of the most interesting objects of study for global and local fluxes of solutes and gases, as for the stabilization and transformation and diagenesis of recent and ancient sedimentary deposits. In their fossilized state as "stromatolites" they are the most reliable traces of life history on earth between 3. 7 and 0.45 billion years (GA) ago. The light transmittance into such systems is often a limiting factor for the development of microbial mats and films. The salt environment of hypersaline estuaries as well as the siliciclastic environment of the so-called Farbstreifen-Sandwatt, however, belong to those systems that have the deepest penetration of light in comparison to other mat systems. Both systems have been studied extensively by us. The processes within such mats are multiple and represent practically the total spectrum of biochemical and physical or fractal physical reactions of microorganisms. In this contribution the intimate interaction between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respirations, anaerobic and aerobic fermentation and the phenomenon of physical reactions within such mats is summarized on the basis of our work in hypersaline and in moderately saline conditions. Special emphasis is given to micro-environments and to the change from vertical to concentric orientation of physical and chemical processes within such mats. Several examples are given of fossil occurrences of similar mat systems.

Chemistry

The structures of four forms of cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (CH2NNO2)3 (RDX) were determined by SCF/4-21G ab initio gradient optimization. The forms considered are the chair forms AAA, AAE, AEE and EEE, in which the NO2 groups are either in the axial (A) position or in the equatorial (E) position, except for the EEE form which is nearly planar. The form AAA was identified as the most stable conformation, in agreement with gas phase and solution studies of the compound. Calculations of vibrational frequencies yielded imaginary values for all forms with equatorial NO2 groups. Thus, the latter are not energy minima in SCF/4-21 G space. Even though the 4-21G calculations are rather approximate for compounds of this type, they make it possible to describe characteristic structural trends involving axial and equatorial NO2 groups. Most importantly, axial N-N bonds are considerably longer (by about 0.05 angstrom) than equatorial ones. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesis by Stals that axial N-NO2 bonds in secondary nitramines are weaker than equatorial ones.

Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Resistance (ecology), Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Horticulture, Botany, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Point of delivery, Cultivar, Vigna, and Coreidae

Thirty-six cowpea cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to the pod-sucking bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal, in the screenhouse and in field experiments. Absolute resistance was not found in any of them, although cultivars with relatively low percentage seed damage were present. Seventeen cultivars were significantly less damaged than the susceptible check in the field experiments. Seven cultivars had less than 60% seed damage. Of these, TVu 3354, TVu 3355, TVu 3372, TVu 8525 and TVu 3199 were the least damaged. Per cent seed damage on cultivars in the field was not consistent with that in the screenhouse, because of the influence of other pod-sucking bug species and environmental factors.Yield components such as 100 seed weight and the number of pods per plant were related to the resistance of the test cultivars to the bug attack. Cultivars with smaller seeds and more pods per plant were less damaged. The number of seeds per pod was not related to the degree of seed damage. Similarly, morphological parameters of the cultivars were not related to the degree of seed damage.

Plant Science and Soil Science

Zooloji, Zoology, Tettigoniidae, Plant protection, Prasshoppers and cockroaches, and Entomology

ÖZET 1990-1993 Yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmayla İzmir ilinde bulunan Tet- tigoniidae familyasına bağlı türler ile bunların yayılışları ve üzerinden toplan dığı bitkilerin saptanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmalar doğa ve laboratuvar çalışmaları olmak üzere 2 bölümde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda belirlenen tüm türlere ait materyal doğadan toplanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma alanından daha önceden toplanan ve müzelerde korunan konuyla ilgili örnekler de incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen materyalin % 94,55 (1300 adet)'i doğadan toplanmış ve % 5,^5 (75 adet)'i ise müzelere ait örneklerdir. Tür teşhisleri genellikle karakteristik özellik taşıyan erkek genital organların dan yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda 6 altfamilya ve 20 cinse bağlı toplam 40 tür saptanmıştır. Bunlar: Callimenus macrogaster (Lef.), Phaneroptera nana nana Fieber, Tylopsis lilii folia Fab., Acrometopa servillei Br.-W., A. syriaca Br.-W., Poecilimon pergamicus Br.-W., P. unispinosus Br.-W., P. ledereri Br.-W., P. amissus Br.-W.., P. izmirensis Rme., P. hamatus Br.-W., P. pul- cher Br.-W., P. sanctipauli Br.-W., Isophya rectipennis Br.-W., I. straubei Fieber, Psorodonotus anatolicus Karabağ, Decticus mithati Rme., D. verruci- vorus L., D. albifrons (Fabr.), Bucephaloptera bucephala Br.-W., Sepiana sepium (Yersin), Platycleis (Platycleis) grisea (Fab.), P. (P.) intermedia (Serville), P. (P.) escalerai Bolivar, P. (P.) affinis Fieber, P. (Incertana) incerta Br.-W., P. (Tessellana) sporadarum (Werner), P. (T.) vittata (Charp.), Eupholidoptera prasina Br.-W., E. smyrnensis Br.-W., Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis Br.-W., Drymadusa limbata limbata Br.-W., Anadolua burri Karabağ, A. schwarzi Rme., Rhacocleis turcicus Uvarov, Anterastes serbicus Br.-W., Tettigonia viridissima L., Conocephalus discolor Thunberg, Saga natoliae Serville, S. puella Werner'dir. Bunlardan Platycleis (Tessellana) sporadarum Türkiye faunası için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir. Ayrıca Anadolua burri, Anterastes serbicus ve Psorodonotus ana tolicus türlerinin izmir ilinde bulunduğu ilk kez bu çalışmayla ortaya konulmuş tur. Literatürde İzmir ilinde bulunduğu belirtilen Bradyporus dilatatus (Stal), Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar), Anadolua davisi Karabağ, Anterastes anatolicus Uvarov, Gampsocleis recticauda Werner, Metrioptera (Roeseliana) bispina (Boli var), Pholidoptera femorata (Fieber), Platycleis (Montana) schereri Werner,-207- P. (Tessellana) nigrosignata (Costa), Rhacocleis anatolica Werner, Sporadiana brevipes (Uvarov), Tettigonia caudata Charpentier türleri çalışma sonucunda bulunamamıştır. Bu türler `İzmir Faunasına Hatalı Olarak Dahil Edilen veya İzmir'de Bulunması Şüpheli Olan Türler` başlığı altında teker teker incelenerek gerekli bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucu saptanan 40 tür ve şüpheli olarak değerlendirilen 12 türden oluşan toplam 52 türün incelendiği bu araştırmada, belirlenen takson- ların bağlı bulunduğu altfamilya, cins ve türlerin teşhis anahtarları verilmiştir. Ayrıca saptanan her türün sinonim, karakteristik özellikleri, taksonomik şekil leri, dağılışı ve örneklerin üzerinden toplandığı bitkilerle ilgili bilgiler verilmiş ve bunlar mevcut literatürle tartışılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda saptanan birey sayısı bakımından Poecilimon unispi- nosus, P. sanctipauli, P. pulcher ve Tylopsis liliifolia türleri İzmir'deki en yay gın türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan özellikle Poecilimon sanctipauli, P. unispinosus ve P. pulcher türleri son yıllarda meydana getirdiği ekonomik zarar nedeniyle üzerinde durulması gereken önemde görülmüştür. SUMMARY SYSTEMATICAL STUDIES ON THE SPECIES OF TETTIGONIIDAE (ORTHOPTERA) FAMILY IN IZMIR (TURKEY) This study carried out through 1990-1993 was aimed to determine the species of Tettigoniidae family occuring in İzmir district, their host plants and distributions. The research was realized both in the field and laboratory con ditions. The material for all the species determined by this study was collec ted from fields In addition, the related samples previously collected from the research area and those under preservation in the museums were also examined 94,55% (1300 specimens) of the material were collected in the fields and 5,^5 % (75 specimens) were from the museums. The species were identified by male genital organs having specific characteristic properties. At the result of this research, totaly kO species belonging to 6 sub family and 20 genera have been found out. These are Callimenus macrogaster (Lefb.), Phaneroptera nana nana Fieber, Tylopsis liliifolia Fab., Acrometopa servillei Br.-W., A. syriaca Br.-W., Poecilimon pergamicus Br.-W., P. uni- spinosus Br.-W., P. ledereri Rme., P. amissus Br.-W., P. izmirensis Rme., P. hamatus Br.-W., P. pulcher Br.-W., P. sanctipauli Br.-W., Isophya recti- pennis Br.-W., I. straubei Fieber, Psorodonotus anatolicus Karabağ, Decticus mithati Rme., D. verrucivorus L., D. albifrons (Fab.), Bucephaloptera bucep- hala Br.-W., Sepiana sepium (Yersin), Platycleis (Platycleis) grisea (Fabr.), P. (P.) intermedia (Serville), P. (P.) escalerai Bolivar, P. (P.) affinis Fieber, P. (Incertana) incerta Br.-W., P. (Tessellana) sporadarum (Werner), P. (T.) vittata (Charp.), Eupholidoptera prasina Br.-W., E. smyrnensis Br.-W., Para- pholidoptera castaneoviridis Br.-W., Drymadusa limbata limbata Br.-W., Ana- dolua burri Karabağ, A. schwarzi Rme., Rhacocleis turcicus Uvarov, Anteras- tes serbicus Br.-W., Tettigonia viridissima L., Conocephalus discolor Thunberg, Saga natoliae Serville and S. puella Werner. One of them namely, Platycleis (Tessellana) sporadarum have been shown as new records for Turkish fauna. Besides three of them namely, Anadolua burri, Anterastes serbicus and Psoro donotus anatolicus have been found for the first time in Izmir district. The species Bradyporus dilatatus (Stal ), Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar), Anadolua davisi Karabağ, Anterastes anatolicus Uvarov, Gampsocleis recticauda-209- Werner, Metrioptera (Roeseliana) bispina (Bolivar), Pholidoptera femorata (Fieber) Platycleis (Montana) schereri Werner, P. (Tessellana) nigrosignata (Costa), Rha- cocleis anatolica Werner, Sporodiana brevipes (Uvarov), Tettigonia caudata Char- pentier reported to be present in Izmir could not be found out in this study. This point has been discussed in the chapter entitled `The erroneously intro duced or doubtful species to the Izmir fauna`. By this study, totally 52 species including 12 doubtful species had been investigated. Also the related keys to the subfamilies, genera and species of Tettigoniidae have been given. Their synonyms, general characteristics, figures, distributions and the plants on which the specimens were collected have also been given. At the result of this study, Poecilimon sanctipauli, P. unispinosus, P. pulcher and Tylopsis liliifolia have been found as the most abundant species in Izmir district. Among them P. sanctipauli, P. unispinosus and P. pulcher were particularly emphasized due to their economical importance in recent years. 219

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Annealing (metallurgy), Osmium, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Rhenium, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Neutron irradiation, Neutron, Analytical chemistry, Irradiation, Metallurgy, and Stufe

The recovery of rhenium after neutron irradiation at ≈ 390 °K has been studied up to 1130 °K by means of electrical resistivity measurements at 4.2 °K. Two irradiations were performed in the BR2 reactor at Mol: one up to a fluence of 7.6 × 10−18 n cm−2 (thermal) and 4.3 × 1017 n cm−2 (fast, E > 1 MeV) and the other one up to a fluence of 3.2 × 1019 n cm−2 (thermal) and 1.8 × 1018 n cm−2 (fast, E > 1 MeV). The irradiation induced resistivity is only partially recovered at 1130 °K, where the annealing of defects is supposed to be complete. This effect is attributed to the transmutation of rhenium into osmium and tungsten. The annealing spectrum between 400 and 1130 °K consists of several peaks, the main peak occurring at about 650 °K (0.19 Tm) preceded by a subpeak at about 620 °K. The latter one is more clearly resolved for the lower irradiation dose. This is also the case for the minor peaks occurring at about 490 and 540 °K. Towards higher temperature continuous recovery occurs in the temperature interval 800 to 1000 °K, whereas a small annealing stage has been observed at about 0.32 Tm. The 0.19 Tm stage shows a peak shift towards lower temperatures for higher defect concentration. It is believed that this stage corresponds to stage III of the pure f.c.c. metals. Die Erholung von Rhenium nach Neutronenbestrahlung bei ≈ 390 °K wurde bis zu 1130 °K mit elektrischen Widerstandsmessungen bei 4,2 °K untersucht. Zwei Bestrahlungen wurden in dem BR2-Reaktor in Mol durchgefuhrt: der eine bis zu einem Flus von 7,6 × 1018 n cm−2 (thermisch) und 4,3 × 1017 > n cm−2 (schnell, E > 1 MeV) und der andere bis zu einem Flus von 3,2 × 1019 n cm−2 (thermisch) und 1,8 × 1018 n cm−2 (schnell, E > 1 MeV). Der durch die Bestrahlung induzierte Widerstand wird bei 1130 °K nur teilweise beseitigt, wahrend angenommen wird, das die Temperung der Defekte vollstandig ist. Dieser Effekt wird der Transmutation von Rhenium in Osmium und Wolfram zugeschrieben. Das Temperungsspektrum zwischen 400 und 1130 °K besteht aus verschiedenen Maxima. Das Hauptmaximum tritt bei etwa 650 °K (0,19 Tm) auf und ist begleitet von einem Nebenmaximum bei etwa 620 °K. Das letztere ist bei niedrigen Bestrahlungsdosen deutlicher aufgelost. Das ist auch der Fall fur die kleineren Maxima, die bei 490 und 540 °K auftreten. Zu hoheren Temperaturen tritt eine kontinuierliche Erholung im Temperaturgebiet zwischen 800 und 1000 °K auf, wahrend eine kleine Erholungsstufe bei etwa 0,32 Tm beobachtet wurde. Die 0,19 Tm-Stufe zeigt eine Peak-Verschiebung nach niedrigeren Temperaturen fur hohere Defektkonzentrationen. Es wird angenommen, das diese Stufe mit der Stufe III von reinen kubisch-flachenzentrierten Metallen uber-einstimmt.

Insect Science, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Zoology, Ontogeny, Incubation period, Hemiptera, Ecology, photoperiodism, Nymph, Nepidae, and Nepomorpha

Curicta scorpio Stal was reared in the laboratory from egg to adult under a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h at 27.5−28.9°C, and the immature stages were described. The incubation period averaged 11.4 d. Durations of the five subsequent stadia averaged 8.54, 15.29, 13.65, 18.56, and 18.87 d, respectively. Ovipositional behavior is discussed. Ontogeny of some antennal and profemoral structures is considered.

Research Article, Cancer Research, Oncology, Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Cancer cell, Tamoxifen, medicine.drug, Survival analysis, business.industry, business, Radiation therapy, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymph node, medicine.anatomical_structure, Breast cancer, medicine.disease, and Mammary gland

Cancer chemotherapy interacts with cell proliferation, but data on the relationship between cancer cell replication and the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy are scarce. We have investigated the S-phase fractions of the primary tumour from premenopausal breast cancer patients who participated in a randomised trial comparing 12 cycles of polychemotherapy (CMF) with post-operative radiotherapy. DNA flow cytometry was performed on frozen tissues from 208 primary breast carcinomas, of which the S-phase fraction was estimated in 176 cases. There was a significantly higher benefit from CMF among patients with a high S-phase fraction (P = 0.0033). The relative risk of distant recurrence or death in the chemotherapy group as compared with the radiotherapy group was 0.19 for patients whose tumours had an S-phase fraction of 10% or over (95% CI 0.07-0.51) and 1.55 (0.88-2.73) for patients whose tumours showed lower S-phase levels. The interaction was still significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.0057), including lymph node metastases, tumour size and oestrogen receptor content. We conclude that the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy compared with radiotherapy is largely confined to patients with highly proliferative tumours.

Virology, Insect Science, Immunology, Microbiology, Spleen, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Viral replication, Cytokine, medicine.medical_treatment, Biology, In vivo, Antibody, biology.protein, Interferon gamma, medicine.drug, Virus, Immune system, and Research Article

The role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the resolution of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection was investigated. In the spleen, IFN-gamma-producing cells reached maximum numbers on day 7 after infection. Prophylactic treatment with high doses of recombinant rat IFN-gamma exerted antiviral activity in fibroblasts and protected immunosuppressed rats against a lethal RCMV challenge. Remarkably, in immunocompetent rats, neutralization of endogenous IFN-gamma activity significantly reduced the numbers of RCMV antigen-expressing cells in the spleen, the predominant site of viral replication. Moreover, protection of radiation-immunosuppressed infected rats by transferred immune T cells was enhanced by coinjection of IFN-gamma neutralizing antibodies. The observations were paralleled by in vitro findings: low concentrations of IFN-gamma enhanced viral replication in both macrophages and fibroblasts. These data suggest that IFN-gamma can play different and even opposite roles in the regulation of RCMV replication in vivo; T lymphocytes may contribute to the progression of RCMV infection by secreting IFN-gamma.

Research Article

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common craniofacial developmental defect. Recent segregation analyses have suggested that major genes play a role in the etiology of CL/P. Linkage to 22 candidate genes was tested in 11 multigenerational families with CL/P, and 21 of these candidates were excluded. APOC2, 19q13.1, which is linked to the proto-oncogene BCL3, gave suggestive evidence for linkage to CL/P. The study was expanded to include a total of 39 multigenerational CL/P families. Linkage was tested in all families, using an anonymous marker, D19S178, and intragenic markers in BCL3 and APOC2. Linkage was tested under two models, autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance and affecteds only. Homogeneity testing on the two-point data gave evidence of heterogeneity at APOC2 under the affecteds-only model. Both models showed evidence of heterogeneity, with 43% of families linked at zero recombination to BCL3 when marker data from BCL3 and APOC2 were included. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.00 at BCL3 was found among the 17 families that had posterior probabilities > = 50% in favor of linkage. The transmission disequilibrium test provided additional evidence for linkage with the 3 allele of BCL3 more often transmitted to affected children. These results suggest that BCL3, or a nearby gene, plays a role in the etiology of CL/P in some families.

Letter

Ecology, Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Incubation, Bacteriophage, biology.organism_classification, biology, Marine bacteriophage, Inoculation, Plaque-forming unit, Bacteria, Virus, Microbiology, Population, education.field_of_study, education, and viruses

When host bacterium H3 is cultivated in artificial seawater a t a concentration of 0.6 mg organic nutrients ml-l, its reaction to infection by phage H3/1 changes dramatically with the duration of incubation before phage attack. Cells infected when stlll In their logar~thmic growth phase rapidly produce progeny phage until breakdown of the phage-sensitive population. For cells infected after entering the stationary phase, rate and extent of phage propagation by resting cells decreases for some time, but both parameters rather suddenly increase again for cells infected after prolonged ~ncubation. Phage production may then reach the same level attained by cells infected during logarithmic growth phase; although, with increasing phage concentration, resting cells very effectively become protected from phage attack by pseudolysogeny. This course of events is mainly influenced by the method of incubation of the host (shaken vs still), by the age of the cells before ~nfection, and presumedly by changes in physiological traits of the bacteria when serially subcultured for extended periods of time. The reduct~on in volume of bacterial culture by repeated w~thdrawal of aliquots was found to be of minor importance; however, phaga production was measurably affected by the transfer of cells to fresh receptacles. With cells which entered thcir stationary phase up to 36 h before infection, a n initial phage concentration of between 10 and 10" PFIJ (plaque forming units) ml-' was found to determine the extent, but not the rate, of phage production. The aforementioned observations were also made with cells stal-ved for 3, 8, and 22 additional days before inoculation, except with ~nitial PFU concentrations of 10 and 10' PFU ml-l, when an appreciable increase in phage production was found. In cell suspensions seeded with phage 48 d after set up of the experiment, the highest phage production was found with the lowest initial phage concentration and vice versa. This finding, i.e. the inverse relationship between production and initial concentrat~on, is not in agreement with any of the current hypotheses concerning bacteriophage ecology. K E Y WORDS: Virus. Phage Bacteria. Reproduction

Letter

A planta invasora Bidens pilosa L. é considerada naturalizada em diversos países, promovendo vários tipos de problemas, tais como: quedas de produção em culturas, efeitos alelopáticos em outras plantas e hospedeira de certas pragas e doenças. Com o intuito de avaliar a especificidade hospedeira do inseto Phaedon pertinax Stal, adaptado à B. pilosa, e o seu potencial como agente controle biológico desta espécie vegetal, estudaram-se 67 plantas, através de testes de não-preferência para alimentação e oviposição, e foram determinados alguns parâmetros de sua biologia, em condições de laboratório e campo, em Jaguariúna, Estado de São Paulo, procurando-se realizar uma avaliação de sua capacidade inata de dano e adequação de uso como agente de controle biológico. Os testes sem chance de escolha para larvas e adultos indicaram que o inseto se desenvolve de maneira satisfatória somente em Bidens spp. e Coreopsis sp., não provocando danos importantes às demais plantas. P. pertinax mostrou ser um inseto oligófago, desenvolvendo-se adequadamente em Bidens spp., restrito a poucas espécies da tribo Heliantheae, apresentando pela sua especificidade hospedeira e informações biológicas obtidas potencial como agente de controle biológico de B. pilosa, havendo algum risco para Coreopsis sp., em locais onde esta planta for considerada como ornamental. Host specificity and biological aspects of Phaedon pertinax Stal, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of the weed Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) Bidens pilosa L. is considered an introduced weed in many countries, where it promotes several types of problems, such as decline of crop yield production, allelopathic effects in other plants, hostage for pests and plant diseases. This research deals with evaluation of the insect Phaedon pertinax Stal as a candidate for the biological control of B. pilosa. The experiments were set in Jaguariúna, State of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 67 species of plants were submitted to the insect through tests of non-preference for feeding and oviposition. Some biological parameters of the insect were determined under laboratory and field conditions to evaluate the innate capacity of damage and the suitability of using as the innate capacity of damage and the suitability of using as an agent of biological control. Tests without choice chance for larvae and adults have indicated that the insect has a good development only on Bidens spp. and Coreopsis sp. and did not cause important damages to the other plant species. P. pertinax is an oligophagous insect on Bidens spp. restricted to few species of the tribe Heliantheae. Therefore this insect presents a high potential as an agent of biological control of B. pilosa with some risk to Coreopsis sp. where this plant is considered as an ornamental one.

Biology

Predator, Biology, Ecology, Courtship, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Zoology, reproductive and urinary physiology, animal structures, and behavior and behavior mechanisms

The mating behavior of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stal) was investigated in the laboratory. Courtship and copulation descriptions were based on direct observations of 40 virgin couples. Results showed that males begun courtship by moving the antennae and walking toward females, immediately after they noticed their presence. Then, males mounted females and tried to copulate. In many cases, males were rejected by females. When copulation was successful, males placed the edeagus into females, turned 180o and assumed a position opposite to the female.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Aedes aegypti, biology.organism_classification, biology, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Midgut, Manduca sexta, Rhodnius prolixus, Botany, Microbiology, Digestion, Moulting, Toxin, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, fungi, and animal structures

Canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from the jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis. The toxin injected intraperitoneally is lethal for mice and rats; however, it is inactive if given orally. In this study. Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca Americana (Drury) (Orthoptera), Drosophila melanogester (L.) (Diptera), Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera), Rhodnius prolixus (Stal)(Hemiptera), and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera) were fed on canatoxin- containing diets. No effects were seen in M. sexta, S. Americana, D. melanogaster or A. aegypti . No traces of canatoxin were found in their feces, suggesting that the protein was digested completely by these insects, which characteristically have a trypsin-based digestion. In contrast, canatoxin was lethal for insects displaying cathepsin-based digestion. Thus, for C. maculatus , a diet containing 0.25% wt:wt canatoxin caused complete inhibition of larval growth. When R. prolixus were fed on canatoxin, 2 effects were seen: impairment of water excretion and increased lethality 48-96 h after feeding. The lethal effect of canatoxin in R. prolixus was blocked partially or completely when the digestion of the toxin by R. prolixus midgut enzymes was impaired. The data showed that canatoxin is highly toxic when ingested by some species of insects but not affecting others, probably in correlation with the characteristics of the digestive process of the insect.