articles+ search results

University of Chicago Press -- Political activity, United States. Congress -- Political activity, United States. Congress -- Analysis, Book publishing -- Political activity, Book publishing -- Analysis, Book publishing -- Political aspects, Legislators -- Political activity, Legislators -- Analysis, Legislators -- Political aspects, Economists -- Political activity, Economists -- Analysis, Economists -- Political aspects, Social science research -- Analysis, and Social science research -- Political aspects

Author(s): Thomas V. Maher 1,*, Charles Seguin 2, Yongjun Zhang 3, Andrew P. Davis 4 Introduction The United States Congress (henceforth simply "Congress") plays a vital role in the legislative [...]
Congressional hearings are a venue in which social scientists present their views and analyses before lawmakers in the United States, however quantitative data on their representation has been lacking. We present new, publicly available, data on the rates at which anthropologists, economists, political scientists, psychologists, and sociologists appeared before United States congressional hearings from 1946 through 2016. We show that social scientists were present at some 10,347 hearings and testified 15,506 times. Economists testify before the US Congress far more often than other social scientists, and constitute a larger proportion of the social scientists testifying in industry and government positions. We find that social scientists' testimony is increasingly on behalf of think tanks; political scientists, in particular, have gained much more representation through think tanks. Sociology, and psychology's representation before Congress has declined considerably beginning in the 1980s. Anthropologists were the least represented. These findings show that academics are representing a more diverse set of organizations, but economists continue to be far more represented than other disciplines before the US Congress.

United States. Congress -- Powers and duties and Legislation

The United States Congress is constitutionally charged with producing legislation that frames the nation's legal, regulatory, policy, and economic agendas (Murphy and Danielson 1977). Its productivity is measured partially in [...]
The number of new laws produced by the United States Congress has declined in recent years, with the 2013 Congress yielding the fewest new laws ever. A formerly reliable pattern, in which law production was concentrated near the end of an annual session, appears to be vanishing. Drawing upon archival data sources and political commentary, we examine some possible shifts in reinforcement contingencies that may contribute to these changes. Our analysis suggests that the two types of changes in law production began at different points in time and may have different origins. We conclude with comments on the value of conducting empirically informed behavioral analyses of complex, everyday phenomena for which no experiments are possible. Keywords United States Congress Bill passing Concurrent schedules * Fixed interval schedule * Scallop * Response effort

Physicians, Medical societies, and Endoscopy

Article History: Registration Date: 02/21/2018 Online Date: 04/20/2018

Video recordings -- Exhibitions, Physicians, Endoscopy, and Medical societies

To access, purchase, authenticate, or subscribe to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-018-6120-5 Article History: Registration Date: 21/02/2018 Online Date: 06/03/2018

Physicians, Medical societies, and Endoscopy

To access, purchase, authenticate, or subscribe to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-018-6119-y Article History: Registration Date: 21/02/2018 Online Date: 12/03/2018

***** No abstract is available for this article.

Biological products, Collagen, Smooth muscle, and Anisotropy

Byline: Soah Lee, Xinming Tong, Li-Hsin Han, Anthony Behn, Fan Yang Keywords: smooth muscle; three-dimensional; alignment; hydrogels; macroporous Abstract Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by aligned structures, which is critical for its contractile functions. Smooth muscle injury is common and can be caused by various diseases and degenerative processes, and there remains a strong need to develop effective therapies for smooth muscle tissue regeneration with restored structures. To guide cell alignment, previously cells were cultured on 2D nano/microgrooved substrates, but such method is limited to fabricating 2D aligned cell sheets only. Alternatively, aligned electrospun nanofiber has been employed as 3D scaffold for cell alignment, but cells can only be seeded post fabrication, and nanoporosity of electrospun fiber meshes often leads to poor cell distribution. To overcome these limitations, we report aligned gelatin-based microribbons (A[micro]RBs) as macroporous hydrogels for guiding smooth muscle alignment in 3D. We developed aligned A[micro]RB-like hydrogels using wet spinning, which allows easy fabrication of tissue-scale (cm) macroporous matrices with alignment cues and supports direct cell encapsulation. The macroporosity within A[micro]RB-based hydrogels facilitated cell proliferation, new matrix deposition, and nutrient diffusion. In aligned A[micro]RB scaffold, smooth muscle cells showed high viability, rapid adhesion, and alignment following A[micro]RB direction. Aligned A[micro]RB scaffolds supported retention of smooth muscle contractile phenotype, and accelerated uniaxial deposition of new matrix (collagen I/IV) along the A[micro]RB. In contrast, cells encapsulated in conventional gelatin hydrogels remained round with matrix deposition limited to pericellular regions only. We envision such aligned A[micro]RB scaffold can be broadly applicable in growing other anisotropic tissues including tendon, nerves and blood vessel. [c] 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1064-1071, 2016. Supporting information: Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. CAPTION(S): Supporting Information Figure 1.

***** No abstract is available for this article.

Government regulation, United States. Congress -- Social policy, Child welfare -- Laws, regulations and rules, Legislative hearings, and Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997

In 1997, the landscape of service provision for children and families struggling with abuse and neglect changed remarkably with the passage of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (1997, ASFA, [...]
Examination of the policymaking process can yield a better understanding of the rationale behind policy content and prescriptions for shaping future policies. To this end, this study uses data from 38 child welfare hearings held by the U.S. Congress from 1999-2010 to describe key hearings, as well as Congress, committee member, and child welfare indicators. This manuscript concludes with implications for research and practice.

Universities and colleges -- Political aspects, Universities and colleges -- Safety and security measures, Bills, Legislative -- Political aspects, and Bills, Legislative -- Safety and security measures

Article History: Registration Date: 16/04/2019 Online Date: 09/07/2019

Bills, Legislative -- Political aspects and Espionage -- Political aspects