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1. Book Review: Art. [1978]

  • Hausman, Patricia R., Sisson, Jacqueline D., DeCandido, GraceAnne A., Bond, Randall I., Huemer, Christina, Kaplan, Robin, Pollard, Elizabeth B., Miller, Marjorie, von Khrum, Paul, and Reister, Willa
  • Library Journal. 6/1/1978, Vol. 103 Issue 11, p1162. 3p.

2. Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration in subjects following reduced fat, high fibre diet. [1987]

  • Edington, Jacqueline, Geekie, Moira, Carter, Robin, Benfield, Lisa, Fisher, Karen, Ball, Madeleine, and Mann, Jim
  • British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition). 2/7/1987, Vol. 294 Issue 6568, p333-336. 4p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts.
Subjects
LOW-fat diet and BLOOD cholesterol
Abstract
Examines the effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration in subjects following low fat diet in Great Britain. Ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids; Comparison of the cholesterol concentration among subjects; Importance of dietary cholesterol for the reduction of saturated fats.

3. Shape preferences for simple Euclidian forms in three age groups [1989]

  • Silver, Annabelle, Combs, Allan, McConnellogue, Janet, Johnson, Robin, Pickering, John, and Hicks, Jacqueline
  • Perceptual and Motor Skills. April 1989, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p522, 1 p.
Subjects
Testing, Research, Age groups -- Testing, Intelligence (Psychology) -- Testing, Form perception (Psychology) -- Research, Age and intelligence -- Testing, and Form perception -- Research

4. Serum lipid response to dietary cholesterol in subjects fed a low-fat, high-fiber diet [1989]

  • Edington, Jacqueline D., Geekie, Moira, Carter, Robin, Benfield, Lisa, Ball, Madeleine, and Mann, Jim
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. July 1989, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p58, 5 p.
Subjects
Health aspects, Physiological aspects, Research, Control, Hyperlipoproteinemia -- Health aspects, Cholesterol -- Physiological aspects, Low cholesterol diet -- Research, Blood cholesterol -- Control, and Low-cholesterol diet -- Research
Abstract
Both cholesterol and saturated fat in the diet have been linked to increased risk of coronary artery disease. Dietary cholesterol and saturated fat appear to contribute to heart disease by raising blood cholesterol. The elevated circulating cholesterol may adhere to the inner walls of the coronary arteries, slowing or blocking blood flow. While dietary cholesterol is only found in animal foods such as meat, eggs and dairy products, saturated fat may be found in animal or vegetable foods. Persons who wish to reduce their risk of heart disease are usually advised to make several changes in their diet: reduce cholesterol, reduce saturated fat, and increase fiber. The 58 participants followed a low-saturated-fat, high-fiber diet throughout the 12 weeks. To this background diet were added nine eggs per week for the first four weeks, zero eggs for the second four weeks and nine eggs per week for the last four weeks. Eggs were used as a source of cholesterol. The participants' blood cholesterol levels did not change significantly when the number of eggs was changed from nine to zero and back to nine. The subjects showed no consistent evidence of 'hyperresponse', defined as a greater than average increase in blood cholesterol in response to a given increase in dietary cholesterol. It is concluded that once a person is eating a low-saturated-fat, high-fiber diet, reducing dietary cholesterol to below 400 mg per day provides little additional benefit in terms of lowering blood cholesterol. A cholesterol intake of 400 mg per day is considered moderate and was provided in the diet containing nine eggs per week. When subjects added zero eggs to the background diet they consumed 90 mg cholesterol per day.

5. AFTER THE LOVING, COUNTING THE COST Boy meets girl, boy loses girl, girl gets revenge: Some landmark cases in which famous ex-spouses gained millions from marital pain. [1989]

  • Schindehette, Susan, Micheli, Robin, Sheff, Vicki, Savaiano, Jacqueline, Knapp, Dan, Bacon, Doris, Demaret, Kent, McNeil, Liz, and Waggoner, Dianna
  • People. 8/7/89, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p68. 1p.

6. Adaptation of an automated assay for determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate in dogs using a random access analyzer. [1992]

  • Christopher MM, Pereira JL, and Brigmon RL
  • Veterinary clinical pathology [Vet Clin Pathol] 1992; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 3-8.
Abstract
An automated method for measuring beta-hydroxybutyrate was adapted to the Ciba-Corning 550 Express trade mark random access analyzer. The assay was based on a kinetic reaction utilizing hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase. Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration (mmol/L) was calculated ratiometrically using a 1.0 mmol/l standard. Canine serum, plasma, and urine were used without prior deproteinization and only a 30-microliter sample was required. The method demonstrated good linearity between 0 to 2 mmol/l of beta-hydroxybutyrate. Analytical recovery (accuracy) within these concentrations ranged from 85.8 to 113.3%. Both within-run and day-to-day precision were determined, as was specificity of the assay in the presence of a variety of interfering substances. The automated assay was rapid and economical, with reagent stability maintained for at least 2 weeks at 4 degrees C. This assay can readily be applied toward the assessment of ketoacidosis in dogs, and with further validation, other species.

7. NEWS & Political Review. [1992]

  • Kingman, Sharon, Yamauchi, Masaya, Dorozynski, Alexander, Swan, Norman, McBride, Gail, Karcher, Helmut L., Godlee, Fiona, Annis, Jacqueline, Gloag, Daphne, Lowry, Stella, Warden, John, Dyer, Clare, Williams, Robin, Greenhill, Sally, and Greenhill, Richard
  • BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition). 3/7/92, Vol. 304 Issue 6827, p591. 6p. 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram.
Subjects
MEDICINE, FETAL tissue research, POPULATION & the environment, FETAL death, and POLITICAL science
Abstract
Presents global developments on the political aspects of medicine as of March 1992. Progress on fetal tissue research and transplants in Australia, Europe, and the United States; Increase in human population; Disposal of fetuses and fetus remains.

8. Excavation and Survey at Watchfield, Oxfordshire, 1983-92. [1992]

  • Scull, Christopher, Ager, Barry, Bourn, Robert, Cameron, Esther, Clogg, P. W., Creighton, John, Edwards, Glynis, Gelling, Margaret, Gilmour, Brian, Harman, Mary, Henry, Pippa, Holgate, Robin, Huntley, Jacqueline P., Johnson, Paul, Linford, Neil, Marlow, C. A., Mortimer, Catherine, Mudd, Andrew, Odenstedt, Bengt, and Page, R. I.
  • Archaeological Journal. 1992, Vol. 149, p124-281. 158p. 13 Black and White Photographs, 66 Diagrams, 12 Charts, 2 Graphs, 2 Maps.
Subjects
ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations, ARCHAEOLOGICAL surveying, ARCHAEOLOGY, INTERMENT, and IRON Age
Abstract
Geophysical survey and excavation have demonstrated that iron age settlement features and early Anglo-Saxon burials discovered during road construction in 1983 were part o[ an extensive multi-period site, now a Scheduled Ancient Monument. This paper presents the results of the archaeological investigations. The bulk of the report is concerned with the early Anglo-Saxon burials, which included a grave containing a balance, weights and runic inscription. The evidence for late mesolithic, neolithic -- early bronze age, iron age and post-medieval activity is also discussed, and the site is considered in its regional and wider context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9. Nonsteroidal signals originating in the gonads [1992]

  • Ackland, Jacqueline F., Schwartz, Neena B., Mayo, Kelly E., and Dodson, Robin E.
  • Physiological Reviews. July 1992, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p731, 57 p.
Subjects
Physiological aspects, Evaluation, Gonads -- Physiological aspects, Ovaries -- Physiological aspects, Testis -- Physiological aspects, Sex hormones -- Physiological aspects, Peptide hormones -- Evaluation, and Hormones, Sex -- Physiological aspects
Abstract
The various peptide factors produced in the testes and ovaries are reviewed. Chemical isolation, purification, and amino acid and nucleotide sequencing have led to the understanding of the mechanisms of actions of these nonsteroidal agents. Among the gonadal peptides identified are inhibin, relaxin, oocyte meiosis inhibitor and growth factors. The study of the functions of these peptides have led to the identification of other proteins such as luteinizing inhibitor and clusterin. Immunological or molecular probes were also able to detect factors originally identified in other glands such as propiomelanocortin and atrial natriuretic factor.

10. On winning friends and influencing people: action identification and self-presentation success [1992]

  • Vallacher, Robin R., Wegner, Daniel M., McMahan, Susan C., Cotter, Jacqueline, and Larsen, Kathleen A.
  • Social Cognition. Fall, 1992, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p335, 21 p. graph
Subjects
Self-presentation -- Research, Identification (Psychology) -- Research, and Social psychology -- Research
Abstract
Eighty undergraduate students were asked to describe themselves using high-level or low-level terms of action identification theory and self-presentation. The subjects were told that they were trying to impress an easily-impressionable person or a difficult-to-impress person. Ratings made by the subjects and observers showed that low-level terms of action identificationtheory and self-presentation such as smiling when appropriate, were more effective in terms of getting positive first impressions.

11. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of seven U.S. case-control studies. Epithelial ovarian cancer in black women [1993]

  • John, Esther M., Whittemore, Alice S., Harris, Robin, and Itnyre, Jacqueline
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Jan 20, 1993, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p142, 6 p.
Subjects
Risk factors, Health aspects, Research, Ovarian cancer -- Risk factors, African American women -- Health aspects, Oral contraceptives -- Health aspects, Breast feeding -- Health aspects, and Disease susceptibility -- Research
Abstract
Background: Previous epidemiologic studies of ovarian cancer have focused chiefly on White women, who have a higher incidence of ovarian cancer than Black women. No study has previously examined risk factors for ovarian cancer among Black women. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Black women in relation to reproductive characteristics such as pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and breast-feeding, and to determine whether differences in reproductive factors between Black and White women account for differences in ovarian cancer incidence. Methods: Combining interview data from seven case-control studies, we compared reproductive characteristics of 110 Black case subjects with a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer between 1971 and 1986 with characteristics of 251 Black population control subjects and 114 Black hospital control subjects. We also compared the prevalence of reproductive factors in 246 Black population control subjects and 4378 White population control subjects and estimated the fraction of Black-White differences in ovarian cancer incidence attributable to racial differences in prevalence of these characteristics. Results: Decreased risks of epithelial ovarian cancer in Black women were associated with parity of four or higher (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-1.1), breast-feeding for 6 months or longer (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.36-2.0), and use of oral contraceptives for 6 years or longer (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.24-1.6). A greater proportion of Black women (48%) than White women (27%) reported four or more term pregnancies, and Black women (62%) were more likely than White women (53%) to have breast-fed their children. Oral contraceptive use was more common among White women (59%) than Black women (51%). Conclusion: Differences in the prevalence of other factors related to ovarian cancer risk or differences in genetic susceptibility must explain most of the Black-White differences in incidence of ovarian cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:142-147, 1993]

12. Public health interests in trade agreements on alcoholic beverages in North America [1993]

  • Ferris, Jacqueline, Room, Robin, and Giesbrecht, Norman
  • Alcohol Health & Research World. Summer 1993, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p235, 7 p.
Subjects
International trade, Laws, regulations and rules, Alcoholic beverage industry -- International trade, International trade regulation, and International trade -- Laws, regulations and rules
Abstract
Public health often conflicts with economic benefit in trade agreements covering alcoholic beverages. In North America, states and provinces tend to bear the brunt of costs. Several alcohol trade and marketing agreements are discussed.

13. New barriers to ventricular invasion in paraglottic laryngeal cancer [1994]

  • Beitler, Jonathan J., Mahadevia, Panna S., Silver, Carl E., Wadler, Scott, Rubin, John S., Bello, Jacqueline A., Mitnick, Robin J., and Vikram, Bhadrasain
  • Cancer. May 15, 1994, Vol. 73 Issue 10, p2648, 5 p.
Subjects
Physiological aspects, Development and progression, Cancer invasiveness -- Physiological aspects, and Laryngeal cancer -- Development and progression
Abstract
Background. Anatomic barriers to the spread of laryngeal cancer include the conus elasticus, the quadrangular membrane, and the thyroid cartilage. It has been speculated that an elastic barrier surrounds and protects the ventricle. Methods. The authors studied the microanatomic patterns of spread of 17 cases of patients who had laryngeal cancer with paraglottic disease and confirmed their findings by examining normal autopsy specimens. Results. Five patients of the seventeen cases showed no ventricular mucosal involvement despite extensive paraglottic disease. Both an inner, central, subepithelial periventricular elastic barrier, and a more peripheral periventricular elastic membrane barrier were identified; the latter was in continuity with the conus elasticus and quadrangular membrane. Conclusions. Two weak fibroelastic barriers surround the ventricle. The outer, peripheral, fibroelastic membrane is contiguous with the conus elasticus and the quadrangular membrane. Therefore, ventricular involvement is not a sensitive indicator of paraglottic spread. Squamous cell cancer may grow around the periventricular barriers to involve both the true and false cords but may spare the ventricle. The prognostic significance of the violation or preservation of the periventricular elastic barriers is unknown.

14. The Meaning of Illness Questionnaire: further evidence for its reliability and validity. [1994]

  • Weir R, Browne G, Roberts J, Tunks E, and Gafni A
  • Pain [Pain] 1994 Sep; Vol. 58 (3), pp. 377-386.
Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Chronic Disease, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Life Change Events, Pain psychology, and Quality of Life
Abstract
Cognitive appraisal processes or the meaning a person gives a stressful event are believed to mediate an individual's reaction to an event and, as such, have been demonstrated to explain adjustment to illness. The purpose of this paper is to test this cognitive as well as other social and illness variables to explain the variance in a person's adjustment to chronic pain. Two hundred and twenty-two patients, who were randomly selected from an original sample of referrals to a chronic pain specialty clinic, completed a questionnaire by telephone interview or mail. The questionnaire consisted of psychosocial scales (PAIS-SR; Social Support) and cognitions including the Meaning of Illness Questionnaire (MIQ). Fifty-six percent of the sample had poor psychosocial adjustment to their pain problem. Seventy percent of the variance in adjustment was explained by social and cognitive variables which corroborates their importance. The MIQ 5-factor structure was supported and provides credible evidence of the role of cognitions in differentiating between the poor and well adjusted.

15. Developmental expression of the sea urchin egg receptor for sperm [1994]

  • Ohlendieck, Kay, Partin, Jacqueline S., Stears, Robin L., and Lennarz, William J.
  • Developmental Biology. Sept, 1994, Vol. 165 Issue 1, p53, 10 p. photograph
Subjects
Sea urchins -- Eggs and Spermatozoa -- Analysis
Abstract
Western and Northern blot analyses and immunocytochemistry of the sea urchin egg receptor for sperm to study the receptor expression during oogenesis indicate that in the last two developmental phases of oogenesis the receptor mRNA level exhibits a very high increase despite the absence of receptor glycoprotein or receptor mRNA in the early oocytes. The development of receptor occurs in association with the spatial and temporal formation of cortical granules. Development of the receptor in the late stages and its localization to the cell surface and cortical granules indicates that the receptor mediates attachment of sperm to the surface of the mature egg cell.

16. The risk of harm to oneself from drinking, Canada 1989. [1995]

  • Room, Robin, Bondy, Susan J., and Ferris, Jacqueline
  • Addiction. Apr1995, Vol. 90 Issue 4, p499-513. 16p. 4 Charts, 5 Graphs.
Subjects
ALCOHOL drinking
Abstract
In a national sample of 11 634 Canadians aged 15 years and above, risk curves for harm to six life-areas from one's own drinking and for assault by another drinker rose steadily with the respondent's volume of alcohol consumption. While drinking five or more drinks on an occasion at least once a month substantially raised the risk at a given volume of drinking, the risk rose with volume even among those not regularly drinking five or more drinks. These relationships remained in logistic regressions which controlled for gender, age and educational level. Younger respondents, those without higher education and men reported more harm for a given level of their own drinking although differences by gender disappeared above one-third of one drink per day. Three sets of guidelines for low-risk drinking-two from Canada, and one generally used in Britain-were compared in terms of the proportions of respondents reporting harm from their own drinking among those who had kept within the guideline in the previous 7 days' drinking. More restrictiveness in the guidelines was associated with substantial reductions in reported drinking-related harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17. Ambiguity and underwriter decision processes [1995]

  • Kunreuther, Howard, Meszaros, Jacqueline, Hogarth, Robin M., and Spranca, Mark
  • Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. May 1995, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p337, 1 p.
Subjects
Ambiguity -- Economic aspects, Decision-making -- Research, Insurance industry -- Psychological aspects, and Risk assessment -- Psychological aspects
Abstract
Research is presented demonstrating the impact of ambiguity and risk on the insurance pricing decisions of underwriters. Premiums are shown to be substantially higher where there is uncertainty about potential loss levels and where the probability of an event occurring is ambiguous.

18. Three tips for saving mice. [1995]

  • Seewald, Jacqueline and Harris, Robin
  • Technology Connection. Oct95, Vol. 2 Issue 6, p8. 1/2p.
Subjects
MICE (Computers)
Abstract
Offers advice on how to prevent removal of a computer mouse's trackball. Dabbing super glue on the inside lid; Locking the trackball retaining ring into the mouse.

19. An evaluation of peer and professional trainers in a union-based occupational health and safety training program [1997]

  • Kurtz, Jacqueline R., Robins, Thomas G., and Schork, M. Anthony
  • Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. July 1997, Vol. 39 Issue 7, p661, 11 p.
Subjects
Training, Evaluation, Occupational safety and health -- Training, Employee trainers -- Evaluation, and Occupational health and safety -- Training
Abstract
Social cognitive theory posits that behavior can be changed by observing others perform or describe performance of behaviors. This framework was applied to understanding health behavior change associated with workplace health and safety training. Questionnaires were developed and administered to 426 workers at a United Automobile Worker's Union health and safety training program. Participants received training from one of three trainers: (1) local union discussion leaders (LUDLs), (2) professional staff trainers, or (3) LUDLs with professional staff trainers. Data were collected in three phases: before, after, and three months post-training. Findings show that subjects trained by LUDLs identify most closely with their instructors, whereas subjects trained by staff trainers identify least closely with them. In addition, workers trained by LUDLs reported changing behavior as a result of training more often than workers trained by others.

20. Angiogenic and HIV-inhibitory functions of KSHV-encoded chemokines [1997]

  • Boshoff, Chris, Endo, Yoshio, Collins, Paul D., Takeuchi, Yasuhiro, Reeves, Jacqueline D., Schweickart, Vicki L., Siani, Michael A., Sasaki, Takuma, Williams, Timothy J., Gray, Patrick W., Moore, Patrick S., Chang, Yuan, and Weiss, Robin A.
  • Science. Oct 10, 1997, Vol. 278 Issue 5336, p290, 5 p.
Subjects
Physiological aspects, Kaposi's sarcoma -- Physiological aspects, HIV, Virus inactivation, HIV infections -- Physiological aspects, HIV (Viruses) -- Inactivation, and HIV infection -- Physiological aspects
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly angiogenic multicentric tumor most commonly seen in immunodeficient individuals. Since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, KS has become one of the most common [...]
Unique among known human herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) encodes chemokine-like proteins (vMIP-I and vMIP-II). vMIP-II was shown to block infection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on a CD4-positive cell line expressing CCR3 and to a lesser extent on one expressing CCR5, whereas both vMIP-I and vMIP-II partially inhibited HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Like eotaxin, vMIP-II activated and chemoattracted human eosinophils by way of CCR3. vMIP-I and vMIP-II, but not cellular MIP-1 [Alpha] or RANTES, were highly angiogenic in the chorioallantoic assay, suggesting a possible pathogenic role in Kaposi's sarcoma.

21. Randomised trial of isoniazid versus rifampicin and pyrazinamide for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1 infection. [1998]

  • Halsey, Neal A., Coberly, Jacqueline S., Desormeaux, Julio, Atkinson, Joan, Moulton, Lawrence H., Contave, Mireil, Johnson, Michael, Davis, Homer, Geiter, Lawrence, Johnson, Erica, Huebner, Robin, Boulos, Reginald, and Chaisson, Richard E.
  • Lancet. 3/14/1998, Vol. 351 Issue 9105, p786. 7p. 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS prevention, MEDICAL care of HIV-positive persons, ISONIAZID, PTERIDINES, and DRUG efficacy
Abstract
Studies the effectiveness of isoniazid versus rifampicin with pyrazinamide for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1 positive individuals. Methods for comparing efficacy of the chemoprophylaxis regimens; Findings; Interpretation. INSET: Disease categories.

22. Latanoprost treatment for glaucoma: effects of treating for 1 year and of switching from timolol [1998]

  • Camras, Carl B., Wax, Martin B., Ritch, Robert, Weinreb, Robert, Robin, Alan L., Higginbotham, Eve J., Lustgarten, Jacqueline, Stewart, William C., Sherwood, Mark, Krupin, Theodore, Wilensky, Jacob, Cioffi, George A., Katz, L. Jay, Schumer, Robert A., Kaufman, Paul L., Minckler, Don, Zimmerman, Thom, and Stjernschantz, Johan
  • American Journal of Ophthalmology. Sept 1998, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p390, 10 p.

23. Anger-related traits and response to interpersonal conflict among New York City traffic agents [1998]

  • Brondolo, Elizabeth, Masheb, Robin, Stores, Jacqueline, Stockhammer, Tanya, Tunick, Wendy, Melhado, Elizabeth, Karlin, William A., Schwartz, Joseph, Harburg, Ernest, and Contrada, Richard J.
  • Journal of Applied Social Psychology. Nov 16, 1998, Vol. 28 Issue 22, p2089, 3 p. 3
Subjects
Anger -- Research, Interpersonal conflict -- Research, Traffic police -- Psychological aspects, and Social psychology -- Research
Abstract
This study evaluates the psychosocial correlates of anger-related traits. Participants include New York City traffic enforcement agents (TEAs), who issue summonses for vehicular and parking violations and are frequently confronted by angry motorists. This sample of TEAs is 53% African American and 57% female. Participants completed surveys at 2 points, 4 months apart, which measured attitudinal, affective, and expressive components of hostility and anger, as well as dimensions of workplace psychosocial response. Results indicate that trait anger-in was positively associated with frequency of conflict, anger intensity, and burnout in cross-sectional analyses; and positively associated with frequency of conflict in prospective analyses. Trait anger was positively associated with an increase in burnout over a 4-month period. These findings provide support for the transactional model of hostility and health and have implications for worksite interventions promoting cardiovascular health.

24. LETTERS. [1999]

  • Brand, William, Rudnick, David, Dunphy, Brendan, Moen, Gerald, Rutelli, Francesco, Fadiman, Jeffrey, Sivasubramanian, M. N., Desmond, Marc, Harris, Robin, Lamont, Lord, Talekar, N. S., Mounteer, Carl, Fitzpatrick, Maurice, Richards, Ian, Teo, Jacqueline, Sass, Edgar, and Dussolier, Maurice
  • Economist. 2/13/1999, Vol. 350 Issue 8106, p6-8. 2p.
Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, DAY trading (Securities), BUBBLE gum, ECONOMICS, and ECONOMIC policy
Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "When the Bubble Bursts," in the January 30, 1999 issue, "Blame It on the Bubbles," in the January 23, 1999 issue, and "A Nervous Shuffle in Malaysia," in the January 16, 1999 issue.

25. Economic evaluations of community-based care: lessons from twelve studies in Ontario. [1999]

  • Browne, Gina, Roberts, Jacqueline, Gafni, Amiram, Byrne, Carolyn, Weir, Robin, Majumdar, Basanti, and Watt, Susan
  • Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. Dec1999, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p367-385. 19p.
Subjects
COMMUNITY health services, NATIONAL health insurance, and MEDICAL care
Abstract
A series of 12 studies (five historic cohort and seven randomized trials) examined clients in community settings in Southern Ontario suffering from a variety of chronic physical and mental health conditions. These studies are appraised using a framework for evaluating possible outcomes of economic evaluation. In the 12 studies, sample composition and size varied. Each study was designed to quantify the well-being outcomes and expenditures associated with different community-based approaches to care provided in the context of a system of national health insurance. As a collective, these studies represent increasing methodological rigour. Multiple-perspective client well-being outcome measures were used. In two studies, caregiver burden also was analysed. A common approach to quantification and evaluation of expenditures for service consumption was used in all 12 studies. The nature of community-based health services (health vs. disease care orientation) was found to have direct and measurable impact on total expenditures for health service utilization and client well-being outcomes. In most cases, a recurring pattern of equal or better client outcomes, yet lower expenditures for use of community based health services, was associated with well-integrated health oriented services. Integrated services aimed at factors which determine health are superior when compared to individual, fragmented, disease oriented, and focused approaches to care. The main lessons from the 12 studies are that it is as or more effective and as or less expensive to offer complete, proactive, community health services to persons living with chronic circumstance than to provide focused, on-demand, piecemeal services. Complete services would have a psychosocial and mental health focus included with the physical care approach. Furthermore, people with coexisting risk factors (age, living arrangements, mental distress and problem-solving ability) are the ones who most benefit at lower expense... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

26. Loss-of-function mutations in the cathepsin C gene result in periodontal disease and palmoplantar keratosis. [1999]

  • Toomes, Carmel, James, Jacqueline, Wood, A. Joseph, Wu, Chu Lee, McCormick, Derek, Lench, Nicholas, Hewitt, Chelsee, Moynihan, Leanne, Roberts, Emma, Woods, C. Geoffrey, Markham, Alexander, Wong, Melanie, Widmer, Richard, Ghaffar, Khaled Abdul, Pemberton, Michael, Hussein, Ibtessam Ramzy, Temtamy, Samia A., Davies, Robin, and Read, Andrew P.
  • Nature Genetics. Dec99, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p421. 4p.
Subjects
PERIODONTAL disease and KERATOSIS
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, or keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontopathia (PLS, MIM 245000), is an autosomal recessive disorder that is mainly ascertained by dentists because of the severe periodontitis that afflicts patients. Both the deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected, resulting in premature tooth loss. Palmoplantar keratosis, varying from mild psoriasiform scaly skin to overt hyperkeratosis, typically develops within the first three years of life. Keratosis also affects other sites such as elbows and knees. Most PLS patients display both periodontitis and hyperkeratosis. Some patients have only palmoplantar keratosis or periodontitis, and in rare individuals the periodontitis is mild and of late onset. The PLS locus has been mapped to chromosome 11q14-q21 (refs 7-9). Using homozygosity mapping in eight small consanguineous families, we have narrowed the candidate region to a 1.2-cM interval between DllS4082 and D11S931. The gene (CTSC) encoding the lysosomal protease cathepsin C (or dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I) lies within this interval. We defined the genomic structure of CTSC and found mutations in all eight families. In two of these families we used a functional assay to demonstrate an almost total loss of cathepsin C activity in PLS patients and reduced activity in obligate carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

27. Cultural sensitivity in substance use prevention. [2000]

  • Resnicow, Ken, Soler, Robin, Braithwaite, Ronald L., Ahluwalia, Jasjit S., and Butler, Jacqueline
  • Journal of Community Psychology. May2000, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p271-290. 20p.
Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse prevention, ETHNICITY, MEDICAL communication, ETHNIC groups, PATHOLOGICAL psychology, and SOCIAL psychology
Abstract
The rationale for targeted and tailored substance use prevention programs derives from essentially three observations: 1) differences in substance use prevalence rates across racial/ethnic groups; 2) differences in the prevalence of the risk factors for substance use across racial/ethnic groups; and 3) differences in the predictors of substance use across groups. This article provides a model for understanding cultural sensitivity as it pertains to substance use prevention. Cultural sensitivity is defined by two dimensions, surface and deep structure. Surface structure involves matching intervention materials and messages to observable, “superficial” characteristics of a target population. This may involve using people, places, language, product brands, music, food, locations, and clothing familiar to, and preferred by, the target audience. Surface structure refers to how well interventions fit within a specific culture. Deep structure involves incorporating the cultural, social, historical, environmental, and psychologic forces that influence the target health behavior in the proposed target population. For example, peer influences may exert a greater influence on substance use initiation among White and Hispanic than among African American youth, while parental influences may be stronger among African Americans. Whereas surface structure generally increases the "receptivity" or "acceptance" of messages, deep structure conveys salience. Techniques for developing culturally sensitive interventions, borrowed from social marketing and health communication theory, are described. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

28. Reviews. [2001]

  • Young, Robin Darling, Marina, Jacqueline, Rae, Murray, Wainwright, Geoffrey, Lipton, Diana, Griffiths, Paul J., Collinge, William J., Fowl, Stephen, Valliere, Paul, and Tanner, Kathryn
  • Modern Theology. Jul2001, Vol. 17 Issue 3.
Subjects
DYING for God (Book), KANT the Problem of God (Book), and SUFFERING Divine Things (Book)
Abstract
Books reviewed: Daniel Boyarin Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism . Gordon E. Michalson, Jr. Kant and the Problem of God . Reinhard Hütter Suffering Divine Things: Theology as Church Practice . Boris Bobrinskoy The Mystery of the Trinity: Trinitarian Experience and Vision in the Biblical and Patristic Tradition . Tod Linafelt Surviving Lamentations: Catastrophe, Lament and Protest in the Afterlife of a Biblical Book . F. Samuel Brainard Reality and Mystical Experience . Sandra Lee Dixon Augustine: The Scattered and Gathered Self . Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza Rhetoric and Ethic: The Politics of Biblical Studies . Vladimir Wozniuk (Ed.) Politics, Law, and Morality: Essays by V. S. Soloviev . Rowan Williams Lost Icons: Reflections on Cultural Bereavement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

29. Association of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E region with susceptibility to and progression of multiple sclerosis. [2002]

  • Schmidt S, Barcellos LF, DeSombre K, Rimmler JB, Lincoln RR, Bucher P, Saunders AM, Lai E, Martin ER, Vance JM, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL, Pericak-Vance MA, and Haines JL
  • American journal of human genetics [Am J Hum Genet] 2002 Mar; Vol. 70 (3), pp. 708-17. Date of Electronic Publication: 2002 Feb 11.
Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Alleles, Child, Disease Progression, Female, Haplotypes genetics, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Multiple Sclerosis pathology, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Probability, Survival Analysis, Apolipoproteins E genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Multiple Sclerosis genetics, Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology, and Polymorphism, Genetic genetics
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, with a complex etiology that includes a strong genetic component. The contribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been established in numerous genetic linkage and association studies. In addition to the MHC, the chromosome 19q13 region surrounding the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has shown consistent evidence of involvement in MS when family-based analyses were conducted. Furthermore, several clinical reports have suggested that the APOE-4 allele may be associated with more-severe disease and faster progression of disability. To thoroughly examine the role of APOE in MS, we genotyped its functional alleles, as well as seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located primarily within 13 kb of APOE, in a data set of 398 families. Using family-based association analysis, we found statistically significant evidence that an SNP haplotype near APOE is associated with MS susceptibility (P=.005). An analysis of disease progression in 614 patients with MS from 379 families indicated that APOE-4 carriers are more likely to be affected with severe disease (P=.03), whereas a higher proportion of APOE-2 carriers exhibit a mild disease course (P=.02).

30. Toxic equivalency factors for PAH and their applicability in shellfish pollution monitoring studies. [2002]

  • Law RJ, Kelly C, Baker K, Jones J, McIntosh AD, and Moffat CF
  • Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM [J Environ Monit] 2002 Jun; Vol. 4 (3), pp. 383-8.
Subjects
Animals, Carcinogens, Environmental toxicity, Environmental Monitoring, Gasoline toxicity, Mollusca, Petroleum toxicity, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity
Abstract
Fish and shellfish are exposed to a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) following oil spills at sea, and can become contaminated as a result. Finfish have a more effective mixed-function oxidase enzyme system than shellfish, and are therefore able to metabolise and excrete PAH more effectively than the invertebrates. Thus, contamination by high-molecular weight PAH, including those with carcinogenic potential and so of concern with regard to human consumers, is therefore usually observed in shellfish, and particularly in bivalve molluscs. Oil spills are not the sole source of PAH, however, as parent compounds are also generated by a wide range of combustion processes. In this paper, consideration is given to monitoring data gathered following recent oil spills (both of crude oil and diesel fuel), alongside data from other studies. These include studies conducted around a former gasworks site and downstream of an aluminium smelter in the UK, and from mussel monitoring studies undertaken in the UK and the USA (including the Exxon Valdez oil spill and the National Status and Trends programme), and in other countries in Europe. For comparative purposes the PAH concentrations are summed and also expressed as benzo[a]pyrene equivalents, their relative concentrations being weighted in relation to the carcinogenic potential of individual PAH compounds using toxic equivalency factors (TEF). Our aim was to assess the utility of this approach in fishery resource monitoring and control following oil spills. Certainly this approach seems useful from the data assessed in this study. and the relative ranking of the various studies seems to reflect the relative degree of concern for human consumers due to the differing contamination sources. As a simple tool for control purposes it is equally applicable to PAH derived from oil spills, and from industrial and combustion sources.

31. Myogenic reactivity is reduced in small renal arteries isolated from relaxin-treated rats. [2002]

  • Novak J, Ramirez RJ, Gandley RE, Sherwood OD, and Conrad KP
  • American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology [Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol] 2002 Aug; Vol. 283 (2), pp. R349-55.
Subjects
Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Endothelin Receptor Antagonists, Endothelium, Vascular physiology, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, In Vitro Techniques, Infusion Pumps, Implantable, Nitric Oxide Synthase antagonists inhibitors, Peptides, Cyclic pharmacology, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptor, Endothelin B, Vascular Patency drug effects, Vasoconstrictor Agents pharmacology, Vasodilator Agents pharmacology, Vasomotor System physiology, Arteries drug effects, Arteries physiology, Kidney blood supply, Relaxin pharmacology, and Vasomotor System drug effects
Abstract
Administration of the ovarian hormone relaxin to nonpregnant rats vasodilates the renal circulation comparable to pregnancy. This vasodilation is mediated by endothelin (ET), the ET(B) receptor, and nitric oxide. Furthermore, endogenous relaxin mediates the renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration that occur during gestation. The goal of this study was to investigate whether myogenic reactivity of small renal and mesenteric arteries is reduced in relaxin-treated rats comparable to the pregnant condition. Relaxin or vehicle was administered to virgin female Long-Evans rats for 5 days at 4 microg/h, thereby producing midgestational blood levels of the hormone. The myogenic responses of small renal arteries (200-300 microm in diameter) isolated from these animals were evaluated in an isobaric arteriograph system. Myogenic reactivity was significantly reduced in the small renal arteries from relaxin-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. The reduced myogenic responses were mediated by the ET(B) receptor and nitric oxide since the selective ET(B) receptor antagonist RES-701-1 and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester restored myogenic reactivity to virgin levels. The influence of relaxin was not limited to the renal circulation because myogenic reactivity was also reduced in small mesenteric arteries isolated from relaxin-treated rats. Thus relaxin administration to nonpregnant rats mimics pregnancy, insofar as myogenic reactivity of small renal and mesenteric arteries is reduced in both conditions.

32. Antithrombin 'DREUX' (Lys 114Glu): a variant with complete loss of heparin affinity. [2002]

  • Mushunje A, Zhou A, Huntington JA, Conard J, and Carrell RW
  • Thrombosis and haemostasis [Thromb Haemost] 2002 Sep; Vol. 88 (3), pp. 436-43.
Subjects
Animals, Antithrombin III metabolism, Binding Sites, Brain Ischemia blood, Cattle, DNA Mutational Analysis, Factor Xa Inhibitors, Family Health, Genetic Variation, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia blood, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense, Protein Binding genetics, Antithrombin III chemistry, Antithrombin III genetics, and Heparin metabolism
Abstract
Here we report the finding of a new natural antithrombin mutation that confirms the critical contribution of lysine 114 to the binding of the core heparin pentasaccharide, with the replacement of lysine 114 by glutamate causing a complete loss in affinity. The variant was identified in a father and son, the father having been investigated for an episode of cerebral ischaemia associated with hypercholesterolaemia. The variant forms SDS-stable complexes with activated factor X (fXa) and its thermal stability and rate of factor Xa inhibition in the absence of heparin are identical to those of normal antithrombin. Normal antithrombin binds to the high affinity heparin pentasaccharide with a Kd of 1nM, as detected by a 45% change in intrinsic fluorescence, resulting in a 230-fold increase in rate of factor Xa inhibition. However, no change in fluorescence was detected for the variant when titrated with heparin or the heparin pentasaccharide, nor was there detectable activation towards factor Xa, indicating a complete loss of heparin binding.

33. Reactivity of carbanions of Fischer-type carbene complexes with pyrylium salts. Synthesis and characterization of new γ-methylenepyran carbene complexes via an addition–oxidation–deprotonation process [2002]

  • Caro, Bertrand, Le Poul, Pascal, Robin-Le Guen, Françoise, Saillard, Jean-Yves, Kahlal, Samia, Moinet, Claude, Le Poul, Nicolas, and Vaissermann, Jacqueline
  • Tetrahedron. Sep2002, Vol. 58 Issue 37, p7519. 12p.
Subjects
CONDENSATION, PYRYLIUM compounds, and CARBANIONS
Abstract
The condensation reaction between γ-unsubstituted pyrylium salts and carbanions of Fischer-type carbene complexes allowed the synthesis of new γ-methylenepyran carbene complexes. NMR data, single crystal X-ray analysis, and DFT calculations suggest that these complexes have a partial pyrylium character due to the π electron-accepting ability of the carbenic fragment and to the electron-releasing properties of the methylenepyran part. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

34. Multiple susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis. [2002]

  • Haines JL, Bradford Y, Garcia ME, Reed AD, Neumeister E, Pericak-Vance MA, Rimmler JB, Menold MM, Martin ER, Oksenberg JR, Barcellos LF, Lincoln R, and Hauser SL
  • Human molecular genetics [Hum Mol Genet] 2002 Sep 15; Vol. 11 (19), pp. 2251-6.
Subjects
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, Genetic Heterogeneity, HLA-DR2 Antigen genetics, Humans, Lod Score, Multiple Sclerosis etiology, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis genetics
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common and frequently disabling autoimmune disorder mediated by autoaggressive T cells and autoantibodies that target central nervous system myelin. While numerous studies have demonstrated a strong genetic component to MS, it has been difficult to identify the specific genes involved. Several genomic screens have been undertaken to locate such genes, but have not provided consistent gene localization, except for the MHC on chromosome 6p21 and a locus on chromosome 19q13. To determine which of the original genomic locations presented in the US genome screen could be replicated, a more detailed analysis of additional families was performed. The results, derived from a population of 266 affected individuals belonging to 98 multiplex families, continue to support linkage to chromosomes 6p21, 6q27, and 19q13 with LOD scores>3.0, and suggest that regions on chromosomes 12q23-24 and 16p13 may also harbor susceptibility loci for MS. Analysis taking into account the known HLA-DR2 association identified two additional potential linkage regions on chromosomes 7q21-22 and 13q33-34. These regions can now be targeted for detailed study to identify the underlying MS susceptibility genes.

35. Standards for hospital libraries 2002. [2002]

  • Gluck JC, Hassig RA, Balogh L, Bandy M, Doyle JD, Kronenfeld MR, Lindner KL, Murray K, Petersen J, and Rand DC
  • Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA [J Med Libr Assoc] 2002 Oct; Vol. 90 (4), pp. 465-72.
Subjects
Consultants, Humans, Librarians, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling standards, Societies, Workforce, Information Management standards, Libraries, Hospital standards, Library Services standards, and Professional Role
Abstract
The Medical Library Association's "Standards for Hospital Libraries 2002" have been developed as a guide for hospital administrators, librarians, and accrediting bodies to ensure that hospitals have the resources and services to effectively meet their needs for knowledge-based information. Specific requirements for knowledge-based information include that the library be a separate department with its own budget. Knowledge-based information in the library should be directed by a qualified librarian who functions as a department head and is a member of the Academy of Health Information Professionals. The standards define the role of the medical librarian and the links between knowledge-based information and other functions such as patient care, patient education, performance improvement, and education. In addition, the standards address the development and implementation of the knowledge-based information needs assessment and plans, the promotion and publicity of the knowledge-based information services, and the physical space and staffing requirements. The role, qualifications, and functions of a hospital library consultant are outlined. The health sciences library is positioned to play a key role in the hospital. The increasing use of the Internet and new information technologies by medical, nursing, and allied health staffs; patients; and the community require new strategies, strategic planning, allocation of adequate resources, and selection and evaluation of appropriate information resources and technologies. The Hospital Library Standards Committee has developed this document as a guideline to be used in facing these challenges.

36. Letters. [2002]

  • Atkinson, Jacqueline M, Wells, Frank O, Oliver, James, Webb, David J, Patole, Sanjay, Travadi, Javeed, von Kaehne, Peter, Jones, Graham A, Mathy, Robin M, Rushton, D Hugh, Dover, Robin, Sainsbury, Anthony W, Norris, Michael J, Gilkes, Jeremy J H, Ramsay, Ian D, Navein, John F, Simey, Piers W, Skelton, Dawn, and Dinan, Susie
  • BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition). 11/16/2002, Vol. 325 Issue 7373, p1174. 4p. 1 Chart, 1 Graph.
Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, MEDICAL personnel, CLINICAL medicine, and PHYSICIANS' correspondence
Abstract
Presents letters to the editor and correspondence between medical practitioners as of November 16, 2002. Undisclosed payments in research; Use of sildenafil for so-called blue babies; Making the best of health advocates and interpreters; Homosexual-related legislation and suicidal intent among sexual minority groups; Iron deficiency in women's health; Others.

37. Health effects of World Trade Center site workers. [2002]

  • Levin S, Herbert R, Skloot G, Szeinuk J, Teirstein A, Fischler D, Milek D, Piligian G, Wilk-Rivard E, and Moline J
  • American journal of industrial medicine [Am J Ind Med] 2002 Dec; Vol. 42 (6), pp. 545-7.
Subjects
Air Pollutants analysis, Aircraft, Humans, Musculoskeletal Diseases etiology, Musculoskeletal Diseases psychology, New York City, Occupational Diseases psychology, Occupational Health, Pilot Projects, Respiratory Tract Diseases psychology, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Occupational Diseases etiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Rescue Work, Respiratory Tract Diseases etiology, and Terrorism

38. Efficient production of Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase by Aspergillus awamori. [2003]

  • Lokman BC, Joosten V, Hovenkamp J, Gouka RJ, Verrips CT, and van den Hondel CA
  • Journal of biotechnology [J Biotechnol] 2003 Jun 26; Vol. 103 (2), pp. 183-90.
Subjects
Aspergillus genetics, Aspergillus growth development, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Southern, Fermentation, Heme metabolism, Mitosporic Fungi genetics, Peroxidase metabolism, Plasmids, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Aspergillus enzymology, Biotechnology methods, Mitosporic Fungi enzymology, and Peroxidase genetics
Abstract
The heterologous production of Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (ARP) was analysed in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori under control of the inducible endoxylanase promoter. Secretion of active ARP was achieved up to 800 mg l(-1) in shake flask cultures. Western blot analysis showed that an rARP product of the correct molecular weight was produced. In contrast to several other studies about heterologous production of heme containing peroxidases, our results suggest that in A. awamori no heme limitation exists during overproduction of ARP.

39. Prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder in first- and multi-episode male patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. [2003]

  • Koen L, Oosthuizen PP, Niehaus DJ, Emsley RA, Muller JE, Stein DJ, Keyter N, Lochner C, and Seedat S
  • South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde [S Afr Med J] 2003 Jul; Vol. 93 (7), pp. 517-8.
Subjects
Adult, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder complications, Prevalence, Racial Groups, Schizophrenia complications, South Africa epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ethnology, and Schizophrenia ethnology

40. Butyrate-treated colonic Caco-2 cells exhibit defective integrin-mediated signaling together with increased apoptosis and differentiation. [2003]

  • Lévy P, Robin H, Bertrand F, Kornprobst M, and Capeau J
  • Journal of cellular physiology [J Cell Physiol] 2003 Dec; Vol. 197 (3), pp. 336-47.
Subjects
Apoptosis drug effects, Butyrates pharmacology, Caco-2 Cells, Carcinoma drug therapy, Carcinoma metabolism, Carcinoma physiopathology, Caspase 3, Caspases drug effects, Caspases metabolism, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms physiopathology, Down-Regulation drug effects, Down-Regulation physiology, Focal Adhesion Kinase 1, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Humans, Integrin beta1 drug effects, Integrin beta1 metabolism, Integrins drug effects, Intestinal Mucosa drug effects, NF-kappa B drug effects, NF-kappa B metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases drug effects, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases drug effects, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Signal Transduction physiology, Sucrase drug effects, Sucrase metabolism, Apoptosis physiology, Cell Adhesion physiology, Cell Differentiation physiology, Integrins metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, and Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
Abstract
We previously reported that the enterocytic differentiation of human colonic Caco-2 cells correlated with alterations in integrin signaling. We now investigated whether differentiation and apoptosis of Caco-2 cells induced by the short-chain fatty acid butyrate (NaBT) was associated with alterations in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway with special interest in the expression and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), of the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-Akt pathway and in the role of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). NaBT increased the level of sucrase. It induced apoptosis as shown by: (1) decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) proteins and increased Bax protein; (2) activation of caspase-3; and (3) increased shedding of apoptotic cells in the medium. This effect was associated with defective integrin-mediated signaling as shown by: (1) down-regulation of beta1 integrin expression; 2) decreased FAK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation; (3) concerted alterations in cytoskeletal and structural focal adhesions proteins (talin, ezrin); and (4) decreased FAK ability to associate with PI 3-kinase. However, in Caco-2 cells, beta1-mediated signaling failed to be activated downstream of FAK and PI 3-kinase at the level of Akt. Transfection studies show that NaBT treatment of Caco-2 cells promoted a significant activation of the NF-kappaB which was probably involved in the NaBT-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that the prodifferentiating agent NaBT induced apoptosis of Caco-2 cells probably through NF-kappaB activation together with a defective beta1 integrin-FAK-PI 3-kinase pathways signaling.

41. Butyrate-treated colonic Caco-2 cells exhibit defective integrin-mediated signaling together with increased apoptosis and differentiation. [2003]

  • Peggy Lévy, Hélène Robin, France Bertrand, Michel Kornprobst, and Jacqueline Capeau
  • Journal of Cellular Physiology. Dec2003, Vol. 197 Issue 3, p336. 12p.
Subjects
CELL differentiation, APOPTOSIS, FATTY acids, and PROTEINS
Abstract
We previously reported that the enterocytic differentiation of human colonic Caco-2 cells correlated with alterations in integrin signaling. We now investigated whether differentiation and apoptosis of Caco-2 cells induced by the short-chain fatty acid butyrate (NaBT) was associated with alterations in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway with special interest in the expression and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), of the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3-kinase)Akt pathway and in the role of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). NaBT increased the level of sucrase. It induced apoptosis as shown by: (1) decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins and increased Bax protein; (2) activation of caspase-3; and (3) increased shedding of apoptotic cells in the medium. This effect was associated with defective integrin-mediated signaling as shown by: (1) down-regulation of β1 integrin expression; 2) decreased FAK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation; (3) concerted alterations in cytoskeletal and structural focal adhesions proteins (talin, ezrin); and (4) decreased FAK ability to associate with PI 3-kinase. However, in Caco-2 cells, β1-mediated signaling failed to be activated downstream of FAK and PI 3-kinase at the level of Akt. Transfection studies show that NaBT treatment of Caco-2 cells promoted a significant activation of the NF-κB which was probably involved in the NaBT-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that the prodifferentiating agent NaBT induced apoptosis of Caco-2 cells probably through NF-κB activation together with a defective β1 integrin-FAK-PI 3-kinase pathways signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 197: 336347, 2003© 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

42. Firing patterns of type II spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. [2004]

  • Reid MA, Flores-Otero J, and Davis RL
  • The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience [J Neurosci] 2004 Jan 21; Vol. 24 (3), pp. 733-42.
Subjects
Action Potentials physiology, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cochlear Nerve physiology, Culture Techniques, Electric Stimulation methods, Immunohistochemistry, Kv1.1 Potassium Channel, Mice, Mice, Inbred CBA, Neurons classification, Neurons metabolism, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Potassium Channels biosynthesis, Protein Subunits biosynthesis, Reaction Time physiology, Neurons physiology, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated, and Spiral Ganglion cytology
Abstract
Type I and type II spiral ganglion neurons convey auditory information from the sensory receptors in the cochlea to the CNS. The numerous type I neurons have been extensively characterized, but the small population of type II neurons with their unmyelinated axons are undetectable with most recording methods. Despite the paucity of information about the type II neurons, it is clear that they must have a significant role in sound processing because they innervate the large number of outer hair cells that are critical for maintaining normal responses to stimuli. To elucidate the function of type II neurons, we have developed an approach for studying their electrophysiological features in vitro. Type II neurons obtained from postnatal day 6-7 mice displayed distinctly different firing properties than type I neurons. They showed slower accommodation, lower action potential thresholds, and more prolonged responses to depolarizing current injection than the type I neurons. These differences were most evident in neurons from the basal, high-frequency region of the cochlea. The basal type I neurons displayed uniformly fast firing features, whereas the basal type II neurons showed particularly slow accommodation and responses to depolarization. Interestingly, neurons from the apical, low-frequency region of the cochlea showed the opposite trend. These data suggest that the type I and type II neurons have specialized electrophysiological characteristics tailored to their different roles in auditory signal processing. In particular, the type II neuron properties are consistent with cells in other sensory systems that receive convergent synaptic input for high-sensitivity stimulus detection.

43. Investigation of seven proposed regions of linkage in multiple sclerosis: an American and French collaborative study. [2004]

  • Pericak-Vance MA, Rimmler JB, Haines JL, Garcia ME, Oksenberg JR, Barcellos LF, Lincoln R, Hauser SL, Cournu-Rebeix I, Azoulay-Cayla A, Lyon-Caen O, Fontaine B, Duhamel E, Coppin H, Brassat D, Roth MP, Clanet M, Alizadeh M, Yaouanq J, Quelvennec E, Semana G, Edan G, Babron MC, Genin E, and Clerget-Darpoux F
  • Neurogenetics [Neurogenetics] 2004 Feb; Vol. 5 (1), pp. 45-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2003 Nov 01.
Subjects
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3, Cooperative Behavior, France, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-DR Antigens genetics, HLA-DR Serological Subtypes, Humans, United States, Genetic Linkage genetics, and Multiple Sclerosis genetics
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with a strong yet complex genetic component. To date only the HLA-DR locus, and specifically the HLA-DR15 allele, has been identified and confirmed as influencing the risk of developing MS. Genomic screens on several datasets have been performed and have identified several chromosomal regions with interesting results, but none have yet been confirmed. We tested seven of the most-promising regions (on chromosomes 1p, 2p, 3p, 3q, 5q, 19q, and Xp) identified from several genomic screens in a dataset of 98 multiplex MS families from the United States and 90 multiplex MS families from France. The results did not confirm linkage to 2p, 3q, 5q, or Xp in the overall dataset, or in subsets defined by geographic origin or HLA-DR15 status. Regions on 1p34, 3p14, and 19q13 produced lod scores >0.90 in at least one subset of the data, suggesting that these regions should be examined in more detail.

44. Removing GPS collar bias in habitat selection studies. [2004]

  • Frair, Jacqueline L., Nielsen, Scott E., Merrill, Evelyn H., Lele, Subhash R., Boyce, Mark S., Munro, Robin H. M., Stenhouse, Gordon B., and Beyer, Hawthorne L.
  • Journal of Applied Ecology. Apr2004, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p201-212. 12p.
Subjects
HABITAT selection, GLOBAL Positioning System, HABITATS, VEGETATION & climate, RADIO telemetry, and ANIMAL radio tracking
Abstract
Journal of Applied Ecology (2004) 41, 201–212 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

45. Anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. [2004]

  • Muller JE, Koen L, Soraya S, Emsley RA, and Stein DJ
  • Current psychiatry reports [Curr Psychiatry Rep] 2004 Aug; Vol. 6 (4), pp. 255-61.
Subjects
Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Brain physiopathology, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology, Panic Disorder epidemiology, Phobic Disorders epidemiology, Schizophrenia physiopathology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, and Schizophrenia epidemiology
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms and disorders have long been described in schizophrenia. This article reviews the epidemiology, phenomenology, and neurobiologic underpinnings of comorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders in schizophrenia. Recent literature was obtained by Medline searches using key words relating to schizophrenia and anxiety symptoms or disorders. There is some evidence that anxiety may be a core symptom dimension in schizophrenia, although further work is required. There is evidence that comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder are all more common than expected by chance in schizophrenia, although additional work is needed to determine the mechanisms that underlie these associations and their clinical implications. In the interim, however, the data emphasize the importance of assessing and treating comorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders in schizophrenia.

46. Meta-analysis of 13 genome scans reveals multiple cleft lip/palate genes with novel loci on 9q21 and 2q32-35. [2004]

  • Marazita ML, Murray JC, Lidral AC, Arcos-Burgos M, Cooper ME, Goldstein T, Maher BS, Daack-Hirsch S, Schultz R, Mansilla MA, Field LL, Liu YE, Prescott N, Malcolm S, Winter R, Ray A, Moreno L, Valencia C, Neiswanger K, Wyszynski DF, Bailey-Wilson JE, Albacha-Hejazi H, Beaty TH, McIntosh I, Hetmanski JB, Tunçbilek G, Edwards M, Harkin L, Scott R, and Roddick LG
  • American journal of human genetics [Am J Hum Genet] 2004 Aug; Vol. 75 (2), pp. 161-73. Date of Electronic Publication: 2004 Jun 04.
Subjects
Genetic Linkage, Genetic Markers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Lod Score, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9, Cleft Lip genetics, and Cleft Palate genetics
Abstract
Isolated or nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex etiology. A 10-cM genome scan of 388 extended multiplex families with CL/P from seven diverse populations (2,551 genotyped individuals) revealed CL/P genes in six chromosomal regions, including a novel region at 9q21 (heterogeneity LOD score [HLOD]=6.6). In addition, meta-analyses with the addition of results from 186 more families (six populations; 1,033 genotyped individuals) showed genomewide significance for 10 more regions, including another novel region at 2q32-35 (P=.0004). These are the first genomewide significant linkage results ever reported for CL/P, and they represent an unprecedented demonstration of the power of linkage analysis to detect multiple genes simultaneously for a complex disorder.

47. Positive end-expiratory pressure above lower inflection point minimizes influx of activated neutrophils into lung. [2004]

  • Monkman SL, Andersen CC, Nahmias C, Ghaffer H, Bourgeois JM, Roberts RS, Schmidt B, and Kirpalani HM
  • Critical care medicine [Crit Care Med] 2004 Dec; Vol. 32 (12), pp. 2471-5.
Subjects
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Biopsy, Needle, Cell Movement, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Lung Compliance, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography, Probability, Pulmonary Ventilation, Random Allocation, Respiratory Distress Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tidal Volume, Neutrophils physiology, Positive-Pressure Respiration methods, Respiratory Distress Syndrome pathology, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome therapy
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effects of low vs. high tidal volume (Vt) with three positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategies on activated neutrophil influx into the lung.
Design: Prospective, randomized controlled animal study.
Setting: Animal laboratory in a university hospital.
Subjects: Newborn piglets.
Interventions: Surfactant-depleted piglets were randomized in littermate pairs; to PEEP of either 0 (zero end-expiratory pressure [ZEEP]; n = 6), 8 cm H2O (PEEP 8; n = 5), or 1 cm H2O above the lower inflection point (LIP) (PEEP>LIP; n = 6). Within each pair piglets were randomized to a low VT (5-7 mL/kg) or high VT strategy (17-19 mL/kg). After 4 hrs of mechanical ventilation, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) was injected and positron emission tomography scanning was performed.
Measurements and Main Results: VT and PEEP changes on influx constants of 18FDG were assessed by analysis of variance. A within-litter comparison of Vt was nonsignificant (p = .50). A between-litter comparison, ordered in linear trend rank, from ZEEP, to PEEP 8, to PEEP>LIP, showed a strong effect of PEEP on influx constant (p = .019).
Conclusions: PEEP set above the LIP on the inspiratory limb of the pressure-volume curve affords a stronger lung protection than VT strategy.

48. Obsessive compulsive disorder--prevalence in Xhosa-speaking schizophrenia patients. [2005]

  • Niehaus DJ, Koen L, Muller J, Laurent C, Stein DJ, Lochner C, Seedat S, Mbanga I, Deleuze JF, Mallet J, and Emsley RA
  • South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde [S Afr Med J] 2005 Feb; Vol. 95 (2), pp. 120-2.
Subjects
Adult, Comorbidity, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder complications, Prevalence, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Schizophrenia ethnology, Schizophrenic Psychology, South Africa epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology, and Schizophrenia complications
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been reported in up to 31% of schizophrenia sufferers. This study evaluated the presence of OCD in a Xhosa-speaking schizophrenia group. Xhosa patients (N = 509, including 100 sibships) with schizophrenia were recruited from hospital and community settings. The patients underwent a structured clinical interview for the presence of lifetime co-morbid schizophrenia and OCD. Only 3 patients (0.5%) fulfilled criteria for OCD. No concordance for OCD was noted in the sibship group. Our findings differ from those in other parts of the world, and if replicated, might suggest unique protective environmental or genetic factors for OCD in certain ethnic groups.

49. The prevalence, correlates, and costs of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario: implications for service directions. [2005]

  • Williams P, Narciso L, Browne G, Roberts J, Weir R, and Gafni A
  • AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education [AIDS Educ Prev] 2005 Apr; Vol. 17 (2), pp. 119-30.
Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Age Distribution, Comorbidity, Female, HIV Infections psychology, Health Care Costs statistics numerical data, Health Care Surveys, Health Expenditures statistics numerical data, Health Services statistics numerical data, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ontario epidemiology, Prevalence, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Depression economics, Depression epidemiology, HIV Infections economics, and HIV Infections epidemiology
Abstract
As new technologies extend the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA), the need increases for services that optimize their quality-of-life cost effectively. This study of PHAs (n = 297) in Ontario, Canada, examined the prevalence of depression, and its association with quality-of-life, coping strategies, social support, and use of health and social services. Results showed that depression was widespread (54.2%) and largely unrelated to demographic characteristics, but associated with diminished health status, health-related quality-of-life, and coping strategies. Depressed PHAs used significantly more crisis health care and related services, and community-based HIV/AIDS service organizations (ASOs). Findings suggest quality-of-life of PHAs may be improved by expanding the capacity of ASO workers to recognize and address depression, including helping depressed PHA access appropriate medication and sustain medication regimes.

50. Standards for hospital libraries 2002 with 2004 revisions. [2005]

  • Hassig RA, Balogh L, Bandy M, Doyle JD, Gluck JC, Lindner KL, Reich B, and Varner D
  • Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA [J Med Libr Assoc] 2005 Apr; Vol. 93 (2), pp. 282-3.
Subjects
Humans, Information Management standards, Library Associations standards, Professional Role, United States, Information Storage and Retrieval standards, Librarians, Libraries, Hospital standards, and Library Services standards

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