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Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Dinidoridae, Dinidor, and Dinidor saucius

Dinidor saucius St��l 1870 Dinidor saucius St��l: 79; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 235; Kirkaldy, 1909: 254; Schouteden, 1913: 5; Durai, 1987: 228, 231���232. 1873 Cyclopelta saucia: Walker: 27. 2015 Dinidor mactabilis: Schwertner and Grazia: 822, 827, 849, figs.; Genevcius et al., 2016: 1���4. Distribution. BRAZIL: Esp��rito Santo, Rio de Janeiro (Cachoeiras de Macacu [new rec.], Itatiaia [new rec.], and Rio de Janeiro); Santa Catarina (Joinville [new rec.]); S��o Paulo (Barueri [new rec.], ��leo [new rec.], Santos [new rec.], S��o Bernardo do Campo, S��o Paulo [new rec.]). Material examined. Brasil, SP, S��o Bernardo do Campo, Acampamento dos Engenheiros 23��44���52������S, 46��38���13.71������W, 11���12.Nov.2010, Bio de Campo UNIFESP (1♀); [Brasil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♀); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta. Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956, in the back of the label] (2♀); Brasil, Joinville, Rio Bracinho, S[an]ta Catarina, Museu Dirings col. [Mar 1956, written in the back of the label] (1♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (2♀); [Brazil] 1.XII.1954, Barueri (Est. S.P.), K. Lenko leg. (1♀); Brasil S��o Paulo, Est. SP.���J. J. Ferraciolli, leg., 30.II.1954 (1♀); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S. Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (2♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (4♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956 written in the back of the label] (2♂); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S[��o] Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (1♂); [Brazil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, II-54, Dirings col. (1♂). Itatiaia, E[stado] do Rio-Brasil, J. F. Zik��n col., 7.IV.[19]31 (18♀ ♂); Brasil, RJ Estado, Local Ipanema, Col. J. Jurberg, Data X-[19]91, N�� (1♂); Brasil ���Estado PR, Local ��leo, Col. Cunha, Data 01/[19]96, N�� (1♂); Brazil, Rio de Jan[eiro], Acc[ess] No. 2966 Nov [ember], CJ Drake coll. 1956 (1♀). [Brazil] Rio [de Janeiro], PR Uhler Collection, no date (1♀ 2♂). * the species D. braziliensis and D. Impicticollis have unique colouration within the genus Dinidor; see text for explanation. ** Except for D. jograziae, body length measurements based on Durai (1987). Comments. The study of the specimens allows us to conclude that the correct identification of the species cited in Genevcius et al. (2016) is actually D. saucius. Some diagnostic characteristics pointed out by Durai (1987) in her key to separate D. mactabilis and D. saucius, for instance the colouration of the costal margin of the corium, are incongruent with the type specimens of both species, and the additional material examined. Indeed, the costal margins of hemelytra in red, orange or light brown is a characteristic seen in every species of the genus Dinidor, and cannot be used to separate the species. Some of the other characters used to diagnose the species, such as the width of the median coloured stripe along the pronotum, showed great variation within the species, and are not reliable for the correct identification of both species, D. mactabilis and D. saucius. Diagnostic characters for the five species of Dinidor with similar colouration (excluding D. braziliensis and D. impicticollis) are presented in Table 1. Prior to this work, the distribution of D. saucius has been scarcely addressed. St��l (1870) described the species from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).Although Durai (1987) only mention Brazil for the distribution of D. saucius, additional material examined by the author were collected in the neighbouring State of Esp��rito Santo (dashed in the map), expanding the distribution of the species. Rolston et al. (1996) only cited Rio de Janeiro, and as the two previous works, no specific locality information was provided. Genevcius et al. (2016) recorded D. saucius (as D. mactabilis, see above) from the state of S��o Paulo (S��o Bernardo do Campo). Aside from the new locality records from the states of Rio de Janeiro and S��o Paulo, we extend the known distribution of D. saucius southwards by at least 600km, to the state of Santa Catarina. The distribution pattern of D. saucius seems to include only the Atlantic Rain Forest region, in southern and southeastern Brazil (Fig. 9).
Published as part of L��pez, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2021, Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius St��l, pp. 654-662 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 658-660, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/4692744
{"references":["Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera jemte systematiska meddelanden. Enumeratio Dinidorinorum. In: Kungliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar. Bd. 9. No. 1. P. A. Norstedt, Stockholm, pp. 79 - 89.","Schouteden, H. (1913) Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Dinidorinae, the genera with lists of species. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 153, 1 - 19, 2 pls.","Durai, P. S. S. (1987) A Revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects, 21 (1), 163 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1987.11835477","Genevcius, B. C., Carrenho, R. & Schwertner, C. F. (2016) Dinidor mactabilis (Perty, 1833): first record of Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Check List, 12 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.3.1900","Rolston, L. H., Rider, D. A., Murray, M. J. & Aalbu, R. L. (1996) Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 39 (1), 22 - 101."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Naucoridae

SUBFAMILY LACCOCORINAE STÅL, 1876 FIGS 3B, 4– 6, 10E, 11E, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21 Type species: Laccocoris spurcus Stål, 1856. Taxonomic history: Stål (1876) proposed the division Laccocoraria to contain two genera, Heleocoris and Laccocoris, that he described. Montandon (1897b) e l e v a t e d L a c c o c o r a r i a t o s u b f a m i l y s t a t u s a s Laccocorinae. Popov (1970) considered this group as a tribe-level taxon, Laccocorini, within subfamily Naucorinae, but this classification scheme has not been followed by other specialists. Presently, ten genera are recognized in the subfamily, with no suprageneric organization as tribes. Revised taxonomy: Laccocorinae remains unchanged with respect to constituent species, although synonymies, new genera and tribes are proposed here. In my Most Probable Phylogeny dendrogram (Fig. 9), I substituted the ML topology of the clade sister to Ctenipocoris to represent what I consider to be the most plausible evolutionary relationships in the subfamily. Laccocorinae is represented by four distinct major clades, which are herein recognized as tribe-level taxa (Fig. 13). Two of the predominant genera (Heleocoris and Laccocoris) in the subfamily are polyphyletic and occur in multiple clades in two tribes. Species of Heleocoris occur in three disparate clades (Figs 13, 14). The type species is Heleocoris obliquatus (Spinola, 1837) from Bombay (Mumbai, India) as designated by Stål (1876), who based his designation on a specimen in the collection of Signoret. Montandon (1910b) questioned the existence of the type specimen, which was based on a brief original description, and provided a redescription of the species based on a specimen in Distant’s collection from the Dawna Hills of eastern Burma. Given that most species in these groups are restricted to particular geographic regions, it is highly doubtful that the specimen upon which Montandon redescribed H. obliquatus was in fact that species. Further vitiating this identification is the figure in Distant (1910: 322) of a specimen from ‘Lower Burma’ identified by Montandon as H. obliquatus, which instead clearly is Heleocoris strabus Montandon, 1897b. As such, H. obliquatus from Mumbai remains enigmatic and nearly impossible to diagnose without an authoritatively identified specimen, and thus is a species inquirenda. Nonetheless, because the type locality was given as ‘Bombay’, I here consider the clade containing species of Heleocoris from central India (all but the far eastern states) to be valid Heleocoris. Other clades containing Heleocoris from Africa and Indochina each must have the genus renamed. Species of Laccocoris were recovered in two distinct clades within different tribes (Figs 13, 15). The type species is Laccocoris spurcus (Stål, 1856) from Africa; thus, the species of Laccocoris from Africa remain unchanged. However, the species of Laccocoris from Sundaland and the Philippines are here placed in a newly erected genus, Heleolaccocoris gen. nov. Because the well-supported ML topology recovered Heleolaccocoris as sister to three species of Indochinese Heleocoris in successively more inclusive clades, this necessitated either designation of additional genera to accommodate the clades of Indochinese Heleocoris, or placing them all in Heleolaccocoris as I have done here (Fig. 13: bluecoloured clades). The previously recognized distinction between the two genera (Heleocoris and Laccocoris) was based on the shape of the labrum as wider than long with a rounded apex or longer than wide with an acute apex. This has been generally considered a feature inconsistent with phylogeny by recent scientists who have studied the group. In a treatment of the Naucoridae in Singapore, Polhemus & Polhemus (2013) considered the generic limits of Heleocoris and Laccocoris to be indistinct and correctly predicted the possible synonymy of Asian Laccocoris with Heleocoris. Diagnosis: This subfamily has a suite of unique diagnostic attributes, some of which exhibit variation among genera. The front of the head is folded posteroventrally such that the labrum is set back from the functional anterior margin of the head (Fig. 3b). Males of all genera have a dense tomentose pad ventrally over much of the mesotibia and tarsomeres 2 and 3 (Fig. 12), and to a lesser extent the protibia and tarsus, whereas in females the pads are greatly reduced. The prothoracic pretarsal claws are paired and articulated, except in Namtokocoris in which they are single and fused with the tarsus, which is the condition found in all other subfamilies (Fig. 4c). Males have two-segmented front tarsi and females only one, except in Ctenipocoris where both sexes have two, and in Namtokocoris and Pogonocaudina where both sexes have one (Fig. 4). Comments: This subfamily is circumtropical in distribution and is most common in Africa and Asia. It is not known from Australia. Although Ctenipocoris is circumtropical in distribution, each of the other major clades in the subfamily has a distinct geographic association.
Published as part of Sites, Robert W., 2022, Phylogeny and revised classification of the saucer bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae), pp. 1245-1286 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 on pages 1262-1264, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab105, http://zenodo.org/record/6994599
{"references":["Stal C. 1876. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda. Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Kongliga Svenska VetenskapsAkademiens Handlingar 14: 1 - 167.","Stal C. 1856. Hemiptera samlade af Victorin i Caplandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 13: 193 - 199.","Montandon AL. 1897 b. Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Fam. Naucoridae. Sous fam. Laccocorinae. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 47: 435 - 454.","Popov YA. 1970. Notes on the classification of the recent Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Biological Sciences) 18: 93 - 98.","Spinola M. 1837. Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des Hemipteres, Lin. ou Rhyngotes, Fab. et a la section des Heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Graviers, Genes, 383 pp.","Montandon AL. 1910 b. Especes nouvelles ou peu connues d'Hydrococrises de l'Inde. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Bucarest, Roumanie 19: 652 - 658.","Distant WL. 1910. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. V. Heteroptera: Appendix. London: Taylor & Francis.","Polhemus DA, Polhemus JT. 2013. Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. XI. Infraorder Nepomorpha - families Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61: 665 - 686."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Naucoridae, Naucoris, Naucoris maculatus, Naucoris maculatus conspersus stål, and Naucoris maculatus conspersus st��l

Naucoris maculatus conspersus St��l (Figs 6 B, 12 B) Material examined. Station 1, 28 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 18 -vii- 2013, 2♂; station 6, 18 -vii- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 7, 29 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 8, 23 -v- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♀; station 9, 30 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 25 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 3 ♀; station 10, 29 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♀; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 29 - x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 11:, 30 -i- 2013, 1♂; 28 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 28 -iii- 2013, 1♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 17, 27 - vi- 2013, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; station 21, 27 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; station 22, 23 -iv- 2013, 4 ♂ 3 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 3 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 5♂ 4 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 3♂ 4 ♀; station 23, 24 -vii- 2013, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013,1 ♂ 2 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013,2 ♂ 2 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; station 24, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 26 -ii- 2013, 1♂; 26 -iii- 2013, 1♂; 23 -iv- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 21 -v- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 27 -vi- 2013, 4♂ 5 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 5♂ 4 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 5♂ 5 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 5♂ 8 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; station 25, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♀; 26 -ii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 26 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 23 -iv- 2013, 3♂; 21 - v- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 27 -vi- 2013, 1♂; 24 -vii- 2013, 5♂ 5 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; station 30, 25 -vii- 2013, 2 ♂; 05-ix- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; station 31, 29 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 2 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂; 30 -xi- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; station 33 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 34, 29 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 2 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂; station 35, 29 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 27 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 1♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 28 -vi- 2013, 2♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 21 - viii- 2013, 1♀; 04-ix- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 29 -xi- 2013, 3♂ 5 ♀; 27 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; station 36, 29 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 27 -ii- 2013, 3♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 2♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 28 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 21 -viii- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; 04-ix- 2013, 3♂ 3 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 29 -xi- 2013,3 ♀; 27 -xii- 2013, 2♂; station 37, 29 -i- 2013, 2 ♂ 2 ♀; 27 -ii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 3♀; station 38, 30 -i- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 28 -ii- 2013, 2♂; 28 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 1♂; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 4 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; station 39, 22 -viii- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 42, 19 -viii- 2013, 2 ♂; station 43, 26 -vi- 2013, 4 ♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 31 -x- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; station 44, 27 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 22 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 20 -v- 2013, 3♂ 5 ♀; 26 -vi- 2013, 4♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 19 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 02-ix- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; station 45, 31 -x- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 46, 26 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 27 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 47, 30 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; station 48, 23 -v- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 19 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 22 -viii- 2013,1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 49, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 2♂ 4 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 19 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 05-ix- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 2♂ 4 ♀. Comments. This species is very common in Tunisia throughout the year, and inhabits stagnant or slowflowing waters, temporal or permanent, fresh water or brackish, with abundant riparian vegetation. It was first recorded from Tunisia by Ferrari (1884) under the name of Naucoris maculatus Fabricius. Distribution. This is a North African sub-species also known in southern Europe (south Portugal, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia) (Polhemus 1995; Carapezza 1997).
Published as part of Slimani, Noura, Moulet, Pierre, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico, Pluot-Sigwalt, Dominique, Bouma��za, Moncef & Guilbert, Eric, 2015, Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia, pp. 151-176 in Zootaxa 3981 (2) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239818
{"references":["Ferrari, P. M. (1884) Materiali per lo studio della fauna tunisina raccolti da G. e L. Doria. Rincoti. Annal del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 1, 439 - 522.","Carapezza, A. (1997) Heteroptera of Tunisia. Naturalista Siciliano, Serie IV, 21 (Supplement A), 1 - 312."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Rhacognathus

Rhacognathus americanus Stål, 1870 Distribution: Canada: AB, MB, NT (Maw et al. 2000), ON (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), QC (Roch 2020). United States: IL, IN, MA, MI, MN, NE, OH. Comments: Paiero (2019) has recently discussed the known records of this species from North America and has speculated that it might be extirpated from or might even be extinct from large portions of its known range. Further collecting is needed to test this possibility.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Paiero, S. M. (2019) Does it make scents? Making a case for the extirpation, and possibly extinction, of the native stink bug Rhacognathus americanus (Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 150, 37 - 45."]}

A subfamília Limnocorinae (Naucoridae) possui quatro gêneros nominais na literatura, entretanto, apenas Limnocoris Stål, 1860 é considerado válido. O presente estudo revisa taxonomicamente as espécies do gênero, bem como a relação filogenética entre elas. Todas as espécies ocorrem na região Neotropical, registradas do sul do Estado de Nevada, nos Estados Unidos, até a região central da Argentina. Historicamente, Limnocoris é um grupo pouco estudado, com trabalhos que concentram basicamente em descrições de espécies, muitas delas, publicadas em estudos isolados, sem muito detalhe. Além disso, é digno de nota mencionar que até o presente momento nenhum estudo que se objetivou classificar grupos de espécies ou mesmo a relação de gêneros dentro das subfamílias utilizando análise filogenética foi realizado até o momento. Através de revisão taxonômica, buscou-se reconhecer os táxons pertencentes ao gênero, bem como suas variações intraespecíficas. A revisão teve ênfase na localização do material-tipo e espécimes adicionais, sempre que possível. Todas as espécies estudadas foram fotografadas e examinadas com o intuito de padronizar o estudo morfológico externo do gênero. Após o estudo dos espécimes-tipo, foi possível propor 15 sinonímias novas, sinônimos juniores entre colchetes: Limnocoris dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson]; L. espinolai Nieser & Lopez-Ruf [L. porphyros Nieser & Lopez- Ruf]; L. insularis Champion [L. alcorni La Rivers]; L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus La Rivers]; L. menkei La Rivers [L. birabeni De Carlo]; L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo]; L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin]; L. pygmaeus La Rivers [L. solenoides La Rivers]; L. signoreti Montandon [L. brailovskyi La Rivers, L. laucki La Rivers e L. stangei La Rivers]; L. stali Montandon [L. carcharus La Rivers e L. robustus Roback & Nieser]. Além disso, três espécies são revalidadas: L. montandoni La Rivers, L. sattleri De Carlo e L. stali; L. surinamensis stat. nov. é elavada ao status de espécies, e outras 13 espécies novas são propostas. Lectótipos são designados para L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. dubiosus e L. signoreti. Com o objetivo de propor uma hipótese de relação de parentesco entre as espécies de Limnocoris, foi elaborada uma matriz de 82 caracteres morfológicos, tendo como método de estudo a máxima parcimônia. A análise utilizando pesagem implícita resultou em 1 árvore mais parcimoniosa; oito sinapomorfias suportam a monofilia do gênero Limnocoris, que se mostrou dividir-se em dois grandes clados separados principalmente pela pubescência da região ventral do corpo. A distribuição geográfica de grande parte das espécies é incrementada com a inclusão de novos registros e, com intuito de facilitar a identificação, mapas de distribuição e uma chave ilustrada é proposta para as espécies estudadas. The subfamily Limnocorinae (Naucoridae) contains four nominal genera in the literature, however, only Limnocoris Stål, 1860 is considered valid. The present study reviews taxonomically the species of the genus, as well as proposes a phylogenetic hypothesis of relation between them. All species occur in the Neotropical region, from southern Nevada in the United States, to central Argentina. Historically, Limnocoris is a poorly studied group, with works concentrate mainly on descriptions of species, many of them, published in isolated studies, without much detail. In addition, up to the present time no study that has aimed to classify groups of species or even the relationship of genera within the subfamilies using phylogenetic analysis has not been performed so far. Through a taxonomic revision, it was sought to recognize the taxa belonging to the genus, as well as their intraspecific variations. The revision has emphasized in the location of the type-material and additional specimens, whenever possible. All species studied were photographed and examined in order to standardize the external morphological study of the genus. After the study of the type specimens, it was possible to propose 15 new synonymies, junior synonyms between brackets: Limnocoris dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson]; L. espinolai Nieser & Lopez-Ruf [L. porphyros Nieser & Lopez-Ruf]; L. insularis Champion [L. alcorni La Rivers]; L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus La Rivers]; L. menkei La Rivers [L. birabeni De Carlo]; L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo]; L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin]; L. pygmaeus La Rivers [L. solenoides La Rivers]; L. signoreti Montandon [L. brailovskyi La Rivers, L. laucki La Rivers e L. stangei La Rivers]; L. stali Montandon [L. carcharus La Rivers e L. robustus Roback & Nieser]. In addition, three species are revalidated: L. montandoni La Rivers, L. sattleri De Carlo and L. stali; L. surinamensis stat. nov. is elevated to species status and another 13 new species are proposed. Lectotypes are designated for L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. dubiosus e L. signoreti. With the aim of proposing a hypothesis of relationship among the species of Limnocoris, a matrix of 82 morphological characters was elaborated, having as method the maximum parsimony. The analysis under implicit weighing resulted in 1 more parsimonious tree; eight synapomorphies support the monophyly of the genus, which has been shown to divide into two clades separated mainly by the pubescence of the ventral region of the body. The geographic distribution of almost all species is increased with the inclusion of new records and, in order to facilitate identification, distribution maps and an identification key are proposed for the studied species.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Rustia, and animal structures

Rustia St��l, 1866a Rustia St��l 1866a: 8. Gudaba Distant 1906a: 138. (Burma) n. syn. TYPE SPECIES. Cicada dentivitta Walker, 1862: 304 (Siam). SPECIES INCLUDED. Rustia apicata (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Rustia dentivitta (Walker, 1862), Rustia kodagura n. sp., Rustia longicauda (Lei, 1996) n. comb., Rustia maculata (Distant, 1912) n. comb., Rustia marginata (Distant, 1897) n. comb., Rustia minuta n. sp., and Rustia tigrina (Distant, 1888). Remarks. St��l (1866a) described Rustia with the following characteristics (using current anatomical terminology): mesonotum width equal to the width of head, anterior margin of head between frons and rather prominent lobes of vertex deeply incised, lateral part of eyes hemispherical inclined upwards a small amount, postclypeus somewhat prominent; rostrum short; ocelli twice distance from eyes than from one another; hind wings with five apical areas. Distant (1905a) expanded the description of Rustia in the same work in which he established Gudaba. He described both Rustia and Gudaba possessing a head with eyes about as wide as the mesonotum and about as long as the pronotum, lateral pronotal margins nearly straight, abdomen longer than the distance between the apex of the head and base of the cruciform elevation, timbal covers shorter and narrower than timbal cavities, short male opercula not covering tympanal cavity, rostrum reaching posterior coxae, anterior femora strongly spined, fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and five apical cells, respectively (Distant 1906a). Characters listed in one of the generic descriptions (Distant, 1906a) that apply to both genera include the length of the head being about the distance between the eyes, the ocelli being closer to one another than to the eyes, lateral margins of the vertex not in line with those of the frons, the vertical angles globosely produced, eyes somewhat pedunculate, pronotum as long as mesonotum, the structure of the pronotal collar lateral angles and sinuate lateral margin of the pronotum, transverse male opercula, abdominal sternites III and IV in males with tubercles with the tubercle on sternite III being longest, and the fore wing basal cell being much longer than broad (see images in Fig. 5). The only character that is not obviously found in both genera is the lateral margins of the head being discontinuous found in the Rustia description (Distant 1906a). It is clear that the two genera share a common morphology and their status as separate genera is questionable. In addition to the shared characters from the original species descriptions, the genitalia are also highly similar. The pygofer distal shoulder is extended and wing-like curving laterad at its apex, and the uncus is broad at the base and tapering towards the apex. Distant (1906a; 1906b; 1914) used the 5 apical cells of the hind wings to distinguish Gudaba and Rustia from related genera. Distant's failure to recognize that Rustia possesses abdominal tubercles appears to be the reason for the erection of Gudaba. However, the presence of abdominal tubercles in Rustia was essential to the classification of the genus into their current subtribe (Lee and Emery 2013). Therefore, without any significant general morphological features that appear to be unique in the two genera, we recognize Gudaba Distant, 1906 n. syn. as a junior synonym of Rustia St��l, 1866a. As a result of this synonymy, the species previously assigned to Gudaba become Rustia apicata (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Rustia longicauda (Lei, 1996) n. comb., Rustia maculata (Distant, 1912) n. comb., and Rustia marginata (Distant, 1897) n. comb. Description. Body size small (8���17mm body length), female shorter than male due to the male's elongated abdomen. Head about as wide as mesonotum and as long as distance between eyes, eyes protruding beyond anterior pronotal margin with a slight dorsal incline, somewhat pedunculate, ocelli closer to one another than to eyes; vertex at area of ocelli about as long as front, with a deep depression lateral to lateral ocelli and globosely produced anterolateral margins; postclypeus rounded in transverse section, lacking central sulcus, rostrum length varying among species but extended to some point between middle trochanters and abdominal sternite I. Pronotum as long as mesonotum, trapezoidal with anterior margin narrower than lateral margins of pronotal collar, lateral angles of pronotal collar slightly expanded, lateral margins of pronotal collar confluent with adjoining pronotal sclerites, sinusoidal when viewed from dorsal side. Dorsal midline of metanotum entirely concealed. Fore wing and hind wing hyaline, with eight and five apical cells, respectively, with various patterns of infuscation on apex, radial and radiomedial crossveins, distal marginal cells and ambient vein of fore wing, radial and radiomedial crossveins generally not parallel. Basal cell longer than broad and unmarked. Basal area of fore wing clavus and hind wing costal cell without infuscation. Fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 fused in part, median vein and cubitus anterior separated when meeting the basal cell, hind wing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 unfused, and distal end of anal vein 3 straight. Fore femur with oblique primary spine, upright or less oblique secondary spine, possibly with very small apical spine, tarsi three-segmented. Male operculum small, scale-like, not covering tympanal cavity or encapsulating meracanthus, opercula well separated along midline, meracanthus tapering to a point, reaching to or past posterior margin of operculum. Abdomen longer than the distance between the apex of head and cruciform elevation in males but about the same distance in females, timbal cover small, recurved laterally forming a flattened ridge on the posterior timbal cavity, timbals extend below wing bases, abdominal segments with parallel sides to segment 8 where they narrow posteriorly to the genitalia, sternites III and IV with tubercles on posterolateral surface, the tubercle on sternite III longer. Pygofer distal shoulder well developed extending into a point or wing-like structure that is curved laterad, dorsal beak absent, pygofer upper lobe small, adpressed to lateral pygofer, pygofer basal lobes absent, uncus well developed with broad base and tapering towards apex, uncus retractable within pygofer, claspers absent, and male aedeagus simple, restrained under uncus. Female abdominal segment 9 with dorsal beak well defined and sinuate posterior margin, ovipositor sheath extends to about the level of the dorsal beak. Female sternite VII with medial notch. Measurments ( MM ). Length of body: 8.3���17.0; length of fore wing: 13.1���22.4; width of fore wing: 4.5���7.2; length of head: 0.6���1.8; width of head including eyes: 3.2���5.2; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.6���5.2; width of mesonotum: 3.0���4.7. Female body length is generally less than in males due to the longer male abdomen. Diagnosis. The diagnostic features for members of the subtribe as described by Lee and Emery (2013) will distinguish what is now the only genus of the subtribe from all other members of the tribe. All other Leptopsaltriini have six apical cells in the hind wing. Distribution. The genus in its new concept is found over much of Southeastern Asia including Borneo, Burma, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Indonesia, Korea, Nepal, Philippine Republic, Thailand, and Vietnam (Metcalf 1963; Sanborn 2013; 2015; Price et al. 2016). It has yet to be recorded from Laos (Lee 2014).
Published as part of Marathe, Kiran, Sanborn, Allen F. & Kunte, Krushnamegh, 2018, Revision of the genus Rustia St��l, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) including a generic synonymy, four new combinations, and two new species from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 431-443 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on pages 432-434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1457917
{"references":["Stal, C. (1866 a) Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana, 4, 1 - 276, pl. 1.","Distant, W. L. (1906 a) Rhynchota. Heteroptera-Homoptera. In: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Uol. 3. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by Lt. Col. C. T. Bingham, pp. i - xiv + 1 - 503.","Distant, W. L. (1906 c) Undescribed Cicadidae. Annales De La Societe Entomologique De Belgique, 50, 148 - 154.","Lei, Z. (1996) A new species and a new record of the genus Gudaba from China (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21, 210 - 213.","Distant, W. L. (1912) Descriptions of some new Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10 (58), 438 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693257","Distant, W. L. (1897) Cicadidae from the North Chin Hills, Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 20 (115), 17 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680596","Distant, W. L. (1888) Descriptions of new species of Oriental Cicadidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2 (10), 323 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460932","Distant, W. L. (1906 b) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1914) Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Subfam. Gaeaninae. Genera Insectorum, 158, 1 - 38.","Lee, Y. J. & Emery, D. (2013) New genera and species of Leptopsaltriini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) from India and Tibet, with the descriptions of five new subtribes. Zoosystema, 35, 525 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2013 n 4 a 6","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i - vii + 1 - 585.","Sanborn, A. F. (2013) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). With contributions to the bibliography by Martin H. Uillet. Elsevier / Academic Press, San Diego, 1001 pp.","Sanborn, A. F. (2015) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Nepal with new records and a checklist of Himalayan cicadas. In: Hartmann, M. & Wiepert, J. (Eds.), Biodiversitat und Naturausstattung im Himalaya - Biodiversity and Natural Heritage of the Himalaya. Uol. U. Verein der Freunde und Forderer des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt e. V., Erfurt, pp. 211 - 226.","Price, B. W., Allan, E. L., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Simon, C. & Kunte, K. (2016) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: an annotated provisionasl catalogue, regional checklist and bibliography. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4 (e 8051), 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8051","Lee, Y. J. (2014) Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Laos, with the description of four new genera and two new species. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.): International Journal of Entomology, 50, 59 - 81."]}