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Social economics -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Social aspects

Poverty -- Social aspects, Capitalism, Socialism -- China, Economic policy -- Social aspects, South Korea -- Economic policy, and China -- Economic policy

This article traces the search for development alternatives which go beyond conventional neo-classical and Marxist theory and practice. It examines case profiles of social transition in South Korea to capitalism under non-classical conditions and in China to socialism under non-classical conditions, in the 1950s and 1960s, which differed from attempts in Latin America and Eastern Europe respectively, and lessons drawn for poverty eradication strategies. The lessons show that in both cases a transformation of considerable depth was undertaken and culturally relevant development paradigms were evolved. The state played a strategic role and provided sensitive support to the release of the creative energies of the people. A new accumulation process at the base of the economies, with asset re-distribution, savings, a new man/nature/technology mix and an effort to keep the rural peoples' surplus in their hands through organizations of the poor, contributed to the eradication of the worst forms of poverty within a reasonable time frame. Both cases showed that the objectives of growth, human development and greater equity could be part of a complementary process, and need not be trade-offs.

Social classes -- Analysis, Socialism -- China, and Sociology, Urban -- Analysis

Studies of stratification in industrialized market societies typically focus on inter- and intragenerational social mobility and status attainment (e.g., Blau Duncan 1967; Breiger 1981; Goldthorpe 1987; Hauser Featherman 1977). There [...]
Previous studies of stratification under state socialism have emphasized the institutional structure of redistributive economies. This article stresses the importance of the state and political mechanisms. We argue that individual life chances under state socialism are extremely sensitive to political processes, especially shifts in state policies, and that changes in state policies can dramatically alter opportunity structures, the status of structural locations, and the nature and value of political and human capital. Therefore, effects of these characteristics on life chances often vary across historical periods and over an individual's life course. Supporting evidence comes from a study of labor force entry and Communist Party membership in urban China from 1949 to 1993 based on life histories for samples of residents in Beijing and Shanghai.

Clothing industry -- Economic aspects and Socialism -- China

Business enterprises at the state, urban collective, township-village and joint venture levels are evaluated for their technical and allocative efficiency in China's garment industry. It is shown that new socialist-oriented and joint venture companies exhibited greater efficiency than their traditional counterparts. In addition, even economic reform will not fully elevate the status of traditional businesses to the level of their more modern socialist counterparts.

Socialism -- China, Economic development -- Planning, and China -- Economic aspects

Deng Xiaoping, during his tour of Wuchang, Shenzhen and Zhuhai, encouraged the Chinese to continue their reforms for the establishment of socialism. Disparity between the rich and poor can be eliminated only if developed states help underdeveloped regions in the payment of taxes and the introduction of new technology. He insisted on the need to combat corruption to aid the country's economic progress.

Economic development -- Planning, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic aspects

One of the main goals of China is to restructure the economy by means of introducing the concept of the socialist market economy. Gong Yuzhi, a former deputy-head of propaganda for the Communist Party of China defines a socialist market economy as a 'modern market economy under the circumstances of socialism'. This is not to be confused with privatization since it merely entails the enhancement of public ownership into a more independent, decentralized and economically viable form.

Communist Party (China) -- Conferences, meetings and seminars, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic policy

The objectives of the Communist Party of China were outlined by Jiang Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee, during the 14th National Congress of the Party. In his speech, Jiang Zemin emphasized the need for accelerating reform in the field of economics and socialist development. An essential component in any further development would be the advancement of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Communism -- Analysis, Dissenters -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

China is unlikely to experience the demise of communism. The foundations of the ideology are too strong so that it is highly improbable that it will follow the fate of Russia, East Germany or Czechoslovakia. Although reforms are in the offing, the country will not succumb to complete privatization. Neither will it experience internal turmoil. Social cohesiveness has always been a part of Chinese tradition. Although the country's continuing human rights violation and Deng Xiaoping's death can pave the way for social unrest, the existing ideology will persist.

Economic development -- China, Capitalism -- Usage, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic policy

Prominent Chinese economists discussed in a two-day conference reforms proposed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. The economists said that capitalism is compatible with China's socialist system and consistent with Marxist-Leninist theory. The Chinese fear of capitalism is a result of the historical humiliation which China suffered under foreign imperialists. Other topics discussed were competitive mechanisms, socialism and the market economy, non-state sectors, rural reforms and theoretical controversies.

Communist Party (China) -- Management, Socialism -- China, Economic development -- Planning, and China -- History

Prime ministers -- Interviews, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic policy

International cooperation -- China, Economic development -- China, Economic policy -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Socialism -- Economic aspects and Socialism -- China

Socialism -- China, Industrial policy -- China, Government business enterprises -- Management, Economic development -- China, and China -- Economic policy

Books -- Book reviews and Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern Europe (Book) -- Book reviews

Government business enterprises -- China, Socialism -- China, Labor market -- Economic aspects, Central planning -- Models, Corporations, Chinese -- Laws, regulations and rules, and China -- Economic policy

Democracy -- China, Socialism -- China, Comparative government -- Analysis, and China -- Political aspects

Communist Party (China) -- Management, International relations -- China, Socialism -- China, and Taiwan -- Political aspects

Public investments -- Management, Central planning -- Economic aspects, Socialism -- China, Decentralization in government -- Economic aspects, and China -- Economic policy

Communist Party (China) -- Economic policy, Socialism -- China, Right and left (Political science) -- China, Capitalism -- China, and Social conflict -- China

Communist Party (China) -- Management, Social change -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Economic development -- Analysis, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic aspects

China Democracy Movement, 1989 -- Analysis, Social change -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Government ownership -- China, Capitalism -- Analysis, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic policy

Socialism -- China, Economic development -- China, and China -- Economic policy

Human rights -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Human rights -- Ethical aspects, Peace -- Ethical aspects, and Socialism -- China

Economic policy -- China and Socialism -- China

Legislative bodies, Law and socialism -- China, Social change -- China, and China -- Laws, regulations and rules

Law and socialism -- China, American teachers in foreign countries -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Rule of law -- Economic aspects, and China -- Laws, regulations and rules

International trade -- China, Agricultural policy -- Analysis, Socialism -- China, Economic policy -- China, and China -- International relations

Communist Party (China) -- Management, Socialism -- China, Economic policy -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Communist Party (China) -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Politics -- China, Political parties -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Socialism -- China, Social conflict -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Quality of life -- China, Economic development -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic aspects

Quality of life -- China, Income distribution -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Economic aspects

Socialism -- China, Capitalism -- Evaluation, and China -- Economic policy

Jurisprudence -- China, Law and socialism -- China, Judicial process -- China, Political questions and judicial power -- China, and China -- Laws, regulations and rules

Communist Party (China) -- Management, Socialism -- China, Communism -- China, and China -- Economic policy

Communist Party (China) -- Conferences, meetings and seminars, International relations -- China, Legislative bodies -- Reform, Balance of trade -- Statistics, Socialism -- China, Democracy -- China, Economic development -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Jurisprudence -- China, Law and socialism -- China, and Crime prevention -- China

Communist Party (China) -- Economic policy, Marxist economics -- China, Political purges -- China, Socialism -- China, and China -- Politics and government

Communist Party (China) -- Management, Mao Zedong -- Evaluation, Socialism -- China, and China -- Political aspects

Socialism -- China and China -- Economic aspects

Deng Xiaoping's remarks during his tour of south China in the spring of 1992 inspired many people and encouraged China on to the path of reform. Xiaoping's remarks guided the Chinese and hastened their economic development and led the country to a market economic structure from a planned economic system. Deng Xiaoping planned the development of a socialist structure.