articles+ search results

60 articles+ results

1 - 50
View results as:
Number of results to display per page

1. An application of the explicit method for analysing intersystem dependencies in the evaluation of event trees [1985]

  • OLIVEIRA, L. F. S, FRUTUOSO E MELO, P. F, LIMA, J. E. P, and STAL, I. L
  • Nuclear engineering and design. 90(1):25-41
Subjects
Energy, Énergie, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie. Utilisation thermique des combustibles, Energy. Thermal use of fuels, Installations de production et de conversion d'énergie: énergie électrique, énergie thermique., Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy., Centrales nucléaires à fission, Fission nuclear power plants, America, South America, Amérique du Sud, Amérique, America del sur, Analyse, Analysis, Arbre événement, Brésil, Brazil, Brasil, Centrale nucléaire, Nuclear power plant, Planta nuclear, Evaluation probabiliste, Programme ordinateur, Computer program, Risque, Risk, Riesgo, Sécurité, Safety, and Securidad
Abstract
Description de la méthodologie utilisée dans le programme d'ordinateur d'analyse d'arbres d'événements pour des évaluations probabilistes de risques. Description détaillée de la structure du programme et de ses entrées et sorties. Discussion de quelques limitations de la version actuelle du programme.

2. Use of the response of two growth stages of cowpea to different population densities of the Coreid bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis (Stål.) to determine action threshold levels [1989]

  • JACKAI, L. E, ATROPO, P. K, and ODEBIYI, J. A
  • Crop protection. 8(6):422-428
Subjects
Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Spermatophyta, Coreidae, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Plante légumière, Vegetable crop, Planta leguminosa, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Rendement, Yield, Rendimiento, Seuil dégât économique, Economic injury level, Umbral daño económico, Seuil intervention, Treatment threshold, Umbral tratamiento, Surveillance population, Population survey, Vigilancia población, Vigna unguiculata, and Clavigralla tomenta sicollis

3. The potential for controlling post-flowering pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walp. using neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss [1992]

  • JACKAI, L. E. N, INANG, E. E, and NWOBI, P
  • Tropical pest management. 38(1):56-60
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte intégrée, Integrated pest control, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Coreidae, Culture tropicale, Tropical crop, Cultivo tropical, Dicotyledones, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Heteroptera, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Lepidoptera, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Meliaceae, Plante pesticide, Pesticide crop, Planta plaguicida, Pyralidae, Spermatophyta, Azadirachta indica, Efficacité traitement, Treatment efficiency, Eficacia tratamiento, Extrait tissulaire, Tissue extract, Extracto tisular, Lutte antidéprédateur, Pest management, Manejo de plagas, Maruca testulalis, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Produit naturel, Natural product, Producto natural, Vigna unguiculata, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Insecticide végétal, and Botanical insecticide
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., was tested on two major cowpea pests using different concentrations of aqueous extracts, and powders of both neem seed and kernel. The pests were larvae of Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the legume pod borer and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl (Hemiptera: Coreidae), the cowpea coreid bug. Ife Brown, an improved local cowpea variety, and IT84S-2246, a breeding line from IITA grain legume programme, were used in the study. Neem proved effective in acting as an insecticide and affected the rates of development of both pests at concentration as low as ca. 9% solution (wt/vol.).

4. S-phase fraction and survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy of breast cancer [1994]

  • STÅL, O, SKOOG, L, RUTQVIST, L. E, CARSTENSEN, J. M, WINGREN, S, SULLIVAN, S, ANDERSSON, C, DUFMATS, M, and NORDENSKJÖLD, B
  • British journal of cancer. 70(6):1258-1262
Subjects
Medical oncology, Cancérologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Anticancéreux, Antineoplastic agents, Chimiothérapie, Chemotherapy, Anticancéreux, Antineoplastic agent, Anticanceroso, Chimiothérapie, Chemotherapy, Quimioterapia, Cycle cellulaire, Cell cycle, Ciclo celular, Cytométrie flux, Flow cytometry, Citometría flujo, Etude cas, Case study, Estudio caso, Exploration, Exploración, Glande mammaire, Mammary gland, Glándula mamaria, Homme, Human, Hombre, Phase S, S Phase, Fase S, Pronostic, Prognosis, Pronóstico, Préménopause, Premenopause, Premenopausia, Radiothérapie, Radiotherapy, Radioterapia, Traitement adjuvant, Adjuvant treatment, Tratamiento adyuvante, Traitement, Treatment, Tratamiento, Tumeur maligne, Malignant tumor, and Tumor maligno
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy interacts with cell proliferation, but data on the relationship between cancer cell replication and the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy are scarce. We have investigated the S-phase fractions of the primary tumour from premenopausal breast cancer patients who participated in a randomised trial comparing 12 cycles of polychemotherapy (CMF) with post-operative radiotherapy. DNA flow cytometry was performed on frozen tissues from 208 primary breast carcinomas, of which the S-phase fraction was estimated in 176 cases. There was a significantly higher benefit from CMF among patients with a high S-phase fraction (P=0.0033).

5. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotes replication and pathogenicity of rat cytomegalovirus [1994]

  • HAAGMANS, B. L, STALS, F. S, VAN DER MEIDE, P. H, BRUGGEMAN, C. A, HORZINEK, M. C, and SCHIJNS, V. E. C. J
  • Journal of virology. 68(4):2297-2304
Subjects
Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Virology, Virologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pathologie infectieuse, Infectious diseases, Viroses, Viral diseases, Viroses expérimentales et modèles, Experimental viral diseases and models, Betaherpesvirinae, Cytokine, Citoquina, Herpesviridae, Infection, Infección, Mammalia, Rodentia, Vertebrata, Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Facteur nécrose tumorale α, Tumor necrosis factor α, Factor necrosis tumoral α, Histopathologie, Histopathology, Histopatología, Immunodépression, Immunosuppression, Inmunodepresión, Modèle animal, Animal model, Modelo animal, Multiplication virus, Virus multiplication, Multiplicación virus, Pathogénie, Pathogenesis, Patogenia, Pathologie expérimentale, Experimental disease, Patología experimental, Rat, Rata, Relation hôte virus, Host virus relation, Relación huesped virus, Spécificité tissu, Tissue specificity, Especificidad tejido, Symptomatologie, Symptomatology, Sintomatología, Virose, Viral disease, and Virosis
Abstract
We investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection. TNF-α levels found in the sera of radiation-immunosuppressed rats in the course of infection (>350 pg/ml) correlated with the development of RCMV disease. Administration of anti-TNF-α antibodies strongly reduced the severity of pneumonia and led to a reduction in virus titers. In immunocompetent rats, anti-TNF-α antibodies also significantly suppressed viral replication. Conversely, administration of TNF-α augmented RCMV replication and aggravated the disease signs. In vitro, TNF-α enhanced RCMV replication in the macrophage, whereas a reduction of viral replication was observed in fibroblasts, indicating that the effect on viral replication is cell type specific.

6. Suppression of rat cytomegalovirus replication by antibodies against gamma inteferon [1994]

  • HAAGMANS, B. L, VAN DER MEIDE, P. H, STALS, F. S, VAN DER EERTWEGH, A. J. M, CLAASSEN, E, BRUGGEMAN, C. A, HORZINEK, M. C, and SCHIJNS, V. E. C. J
  • Journal of virology. 68(4):2305-2312
Subjects
Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Virology, Virologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Microbiologie, Microbiology, Virologie, Virology, Cycle de développement, interférence, relations hôte-virus, pouvoir pathogène, souches diverses, Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains, Betaherpesvirinae, Cytokine, Citoquina, Herpesviridae, Infection, Infección, Mammalia, Rodentia, Vertebrata, Virus, Activité biologique, Biological activity, Actividad biológica, Cytomegalovirus, In vitro, In vivo, Interféron gamma, Gamma interferon, Interferón gamma, Modèle animal, Animal model, Modelo animal, Multiplication virus, Virus multiplication, Multiplicación virus, Pathologie expérimentale, Experimental disease, Patología experimental, Rat, Rata, Relation hôte virus, Host virus relation, Relación huesped virus, Virose, Viral disease, and Virosis
Abstract
The role of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in the resolution of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection was investigated. In the spleen, IFN-γ-producing cells reached maximum numbers on day 7 after infection. Prophylactic treatment with high doses of recombinant rat IFN-γ exerted antiviral activity in fibroblasts and protected immunosuppressed rats against a lethal RCMV challenge. Remarkably, in immunocompetent rats, neutralization of endogenous IFN-γ activity significantly reduced the numbers of RCMV antigen-expressing cells in the spleen, the predominant site of viral replication. Moreover, protection of radiation-immunosuppressed infected rats by transferred immune T cells was enhanced by coinjection of IFN-γ neutralizing antibodies.

7. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate : evidence of linkage to BCL3 in 17 multigeneration families [1995]

  • STEIN, J, MULLIKEN, J. B, STAL, S, GASSER, D. L, MALCOLM, S, WINTER, R, BLANTON, S. H, AMOS, C, SEEMANOVA, E, and HECHT, J. T
  • American journal of human genetics. 57(2):257-272
Subjects
Genetics, Génétique, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Otorhinolaryngologie. Stomatologie, Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology, Face, maxillaires, dents, parodonte: maladies, sémiologie, Facial bones, jaws, teeth, parodontium: diseases, semeiology, Maladies non tumorales, Non tumoral diseases, Biologie moléculaire, Molecular biology, Biología molecular, Cavité buccale pathologie, Oral cavity disease, Cavidad bucal patología, Génétique, Genetics, Genética, Maladie congénitale, Congenital disease, Enfermedad congénita, Malformation, Malformación, Stomatologie, Stomatology, Estomatología, Déterminisme génétique, Genetic inheritance, Determinismo genético, Etude familiale, Family study, Estudio familiar, Fissure congénitale, Cleft, Fisura congenital, Homme, Human, Hombre, Linkage, Ligamiento, Lèvre, Lip, Labio, Palais, Palate, and Paladar
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common craniofacial developmental defect. Recent segregation analyses have suggested that major genes play a role in the etiology of CL/P. Linkage to 22 candidate genes was tested in 11 multigenerational families with CL/P, and 21 of these candidates were excluded. APOC2, 19q13.1, which is linked to the proto-oncogene BCL3, gave suggestive evidence for linkage to CL/P. The study was expanded to include a total of 39 multigenerational CLIP families. Linkage was tested in all families, using an anonymous marker, D19S178, and intragenic markers in BCL3 and APOC2. Linkage was tested under two models, autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance and affecteds only. Homogeneity testing on the two-point data gave evidence of heterogeneity at APOC2 under the affecteds-only model. Both models showed evidence of heterogeneity, with 43% of families linked at zero recombination to BCL3 when marker data from BCL3 and APOC2 were included. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.00 at BCL3 was found among the 17 families that had posterior probabilities ≥50% in favor of linkage. The transmission disequilibrium test provided additional evidence for linkage with the 3 allele of BCL3 more often transmitted to affected children. These results suggest that BCL3, or a nearby gene, plays a role in the etiology of CLIP in some families.

8. Effectiveness of the natural enemies of Lantana camara on Guam : A site and seasonal evaluation [1996]

  • MUNIAPPAN, R, DENTON, G. R. W, BROWN, J. W, LALI, T. S, PRASAD, U, and SINGH, P
  • Entomophaga. 41(2):167-182
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Plantes parasites. Mauvaises herbes, Parasitic plants. Weeds, Malherbologie, Weeds, Lutte biologique et autres méthodes de lutte, Biological control and other methods, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Invertebrata, Spermatophyta, Verbenaceae, Animal auxiliaire, Beneficial animal, Animal benéfico, Efficacité, Efficiency, Eficacia, Insecta, Lutte biologique, Biological control, Lucha biológica, Mauvaise herbe, Weed, Malezas, Modèle, Models, Modelo, Phytophage, Phytophagous, Fitófago, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, and Lantana camara
Abstract
Dans un effort continu pour éradiquer ou au moins, réduire, la présence de Lantana camara L., adventice bien répandue à Guam, un suivi bi-mensuel a été effectué, sur une période de 4 ans et demi, pour étudier l'efficacité des ennemis naturels à affaiblir la plante et à diminuer le nombre de graines viables. Au total, huit agents de lutte biologique ont été recensés. Les insectes s'attaquant aux feuilles sont: Uroplata girardi Pic. (Col. : Chrysomelidae), Teleonemia scrupulosa Stäl (Hem. : Tingidae), Calycomyza lantanae Frick (Dip. : Agromyzidae) et Hypena strigata (F.) (Lep. : Noctuidae). Les papillons de nuit Lantanophaga pusillidactyla (Walker, (Lep. : Pterophoridae), Epinotia lantana (Busck) (Lep. : Tortricidae) et Adoxopheyes melia Clarke (Lep. : Tortricidae) s'attaquent aux fleurs ainsi que T. scrupulosa. E. lantana et Ophomyia lantanae (Froggatt) (Dip. : Agromyzidae) font des dégâts aux fruits. Un modèle empirique de lutte biologique a été établi à partir des données observées. Le modèle a mis en évidence que les 8 auxiliaires empêchent la production ou détruisent 225,9 baies par mètre carré sur une période d'observation de deux semaines. Sur cette même période, la production de fruits non abîmés observée au mètre carré n'est que de 96,1. Ainsi, les auxiliaires réduisent la production potentielle de fruits de 70,1 %. Le modèle a aussi permis d'estimer le rôle tenu par chaque auxiliaire dans la lutte biologique globale contre L. camara à Guam.

9. Biological effects of canatoxin in different insect models : Evidence for a proteolytic activation of the toxin by insect cathepsinlike enzymes [1997]

  • CARLINI, C. R, OLIVEIRA, A. E. A, AZAMBUJA, P, XAVIER, J. FILHO, and WELLS, M. A
  • Journal of economic entomology. 90(2):340-348
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte intégrée, Integrated pest control, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Reduviidae, Spermatophyta, Callosobruchus maculatus, Canavalia ensiformis, Croissance, Growth, Crecimiento, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Emergence, Emergencia, Insecticide, Insecticida, Larve, Larva, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Mortalité, Mortality, Mortalidad, Mue, Molt, Muda, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Rhodnius prolixus, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, Toxine, Toxin, and Toxina
Abstract
Canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from the jackbean, Cananvalia ensiformis. The toxin injected intraperitoneally is lethal for mice and rats; however, it is inactive if given orally. In this study, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Orthoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (L.) (Diptera), Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera), Rhodnius prolixus (Stal) (Hemiptera), and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera) were fed on can-atoxin-containing diets. No effects were seen in M. sexta, S. americana, D. melanogaster, or A. aegypti. No traces of canatoxin were found in their feces, suggesting that the protein was digested completely by these insects, which characteristically have a trypsin-based digestion. In contrast, canatoxin was lethal for insects displaying cathepsin-based digestion. Thus, for C. maculatus, a diet containing 0.25% wt:wt canatoxin caused complete inhibition of larval growth. When R. prolixus were fed on canatoxin, 2 effects were seen: impairment of water excretion and increased lethality 48-96 h after feeding. The lethal effect of canatoxin in R. prolixus was blocked partially or completely when the digestion of the toxin by R. prolixus midgut enzymes was impaired. The data showed that canatoxin is highly toxic when ingested by some species of insects but not affecting others, probably in correlation with the characteristics of the digestive process of the insect.

10. The selective advantage of buoyancy provided by gas vesicles for planktonic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea [1997]

  • WALSBY, A. E, HAYES, P. K, BOJE, R, and STAL, L. J
  • New phytologist. 136(3):407-417
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Plant biology and physiology, Biologie et physiologie végétales, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie microbienne, Microbial ecology, Milieux divers (espace extraatmosphérique, air, eau), Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water), Bactérie, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Aphanizomenon flosaquae, Croissance, Growth, Crecimiento, Flottabilité, Buoyancy, Flotabilidad, Milieu marin, Marine environment, Medio marino, Photosynthèse, Photosynthesis, Fotosíntesis, Phytoplancton, Phytoplankton, Fitoplancton, Répartition verticale, Vertical distribution, Distribución vertical, and Vésicule gaz
Abstract
Observations were made on the vertical distribution of colonies of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae for 9 d at a driftstation east of Bornholm Island in the Baltic Sea. The buoyant colonies were dispersed in the upper layers of the water column during periods of wind-induced mixing but floated up during calm periods. From measurements of the vertical light extinction, surface irradiance and the photosynthesis versus irradiance curve, calculations were made of the changes in the daily integral of photosynthesis with respect to time and depth throughout the water column. From these calculations it is demonstrated that net photosynthesis by the population of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae increased nearly threefold by floating up after a deep mixing event. It is estimated that, averaged over alternating periods of calm and mixing, the buoyancy provided by gas vesicles in this organism will result in a nearly twofold increase in photosynthesis. A quantitative analysis has been made of the relationship of the daily integral of photosynthesis by the Aphanizomenon population with the mean depth of the population in the water column and the daily insolation. The analysis shows that the integral decreases linearly with respect to mean depth.

11. Wear testing of hard coatings : More than wear rate ? [1998]

  • CELIS, J.-P, STALS, L, VANCOILLE, E, and MOHRBACHER, H
  • Surface engineering. 14(3):205-210
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Choix matériau, Material selection, Selección material, Werkstoffwahl, Essai usure, Wear test, Prueba al desgaste, Verschleissversuch, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode étude, Investigation method, Método estudio, Untersuchungsmethode, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Revêtement dur, Hard coating, Revestimiento duro, Rugosité, Roughness, Rugosidad, Rauhigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, Vitesse usure, Wear rate, and Velocidad desgaste
Abstract
The present paper describes how in depth analysis and modelling of wear data obtained from uni- and bidirectional wear tests were used to determine criteria for the selection of materials for tribological applications. Different wear modes in unidirectional ball on disc tests were linked to a load to roughness dependence between body and counterbody. The displacement of the ball is described using a particle flux model and the wear rate in bidirectional fretting tests is discussed, including a new concept based on dissipated frictional energy. The merits of the various approaches used to measure wear in tribological systems are also discussed.

12. Electrical field induced ageing of polymer light-emitting diodes in an oxygen-rich atmosphere studied by emission microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy [1998]

  • BIJNENS, W, DE WOLF, I, DE CEUNINCK, W, DE SCHEPPER, L, STALS, L. M, MANCA, J, D'HAEN, J, WU, T. D, D'OLIESLAEGER, M, BEYNE, E, KIEBOOMS, R, VANDERZANDE, D, and GELAN, J
  • Synthetic metals. 96(2):87-96
Subjects
Electronics, Electronique, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Dispositifs optoélectroniques, Optoelectronic devices, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Domaines d'application, Application fields, Caractéristique temporelle, Time curve, Característica temporal, Caractéristique électrique, Electrical characteristic, Característica eléctrica, Diode électroluminescente, Light emitting diode, Diodo electroluminescente, Effet champ électrique, Electric field effect, Efecto campo eléctrico, Electroluminescence, Electroluminiscencia, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Mécanisme, Mechanism, Mecanismo, Phénylènevinylène polymère, Phenylenevinylene polymer, Fenilenovinileno polímero, Polymère conjugué, Conjugated polymer, Polímero conjugado, Vieillissement, Ageing, and Envejecimiento
Abstract
Polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) made with poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) using a non-ionic precursor route with indium-tin oxide (ITO) as anode and Al as cathode have been examined during continuous electrical stress in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Three distinct regions in the time evolution of the equivalent electrical resistance and the light output of PLEDs are identified. Various electrical and analytical measurement results are presented to explain the main failure mechanisms. The most severe degradation mode can be identified as dielectric breakdown, resulting in 'hot spots' and ohmic leakage paths. The inhibition of the ohmic path formation by oxidation under ambient conditions results in a local delamination of the electrode, shrinking the active area of the device. This loss of active area caused by these oxidative burn-outs can clearly be observed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and is consistent with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) results. Emission microscopy (EMMI) inspection provides evidence for electric field induced ageing at defects present in the device. These defects are already present in the as-produced samples, e.g. particle impurities, interface roughness and structural weakness (edges of the Al electrodes).

13. Efecto de la escasez de alimento en la reproducción y longevidad de Podisus rostralis (Stål) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae : Asopinae) / Effects of fedding intervals on the reproduction and the longevity of Podisus rostratis (Stal) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae : Asopinae) [1998]

  • MOLINA-RUGAMA, A. J, ZANUNCIO, J. C, CECON, P. R, and MENIN, E
  • Tropical ecology. 39(2):185-191
Subjects
Ecology, Ecologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Animaux, Animals, Protozoa. Invertebrata, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte biologique, Biological control, Arthropoda, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Pentatomidae, Prédateur, Predator, Depredador, Tenebrionidae, Zone tropicale, Tropical zone, Zona tropical, Fréquence temporelle, Temporal frequency, Frecuencia temporal, Longévité, Longevity, Longevidad, Lutte biologique, Biological control, Lucha biológica, Nutrition, Nutrición, Relation prédateur proie, Predator prey relation, Relación depredador presa, Reproduction, Reproducción, Survie, Survival, Sobrevivencia, Tenebrio molitor, Oviposition, and Podisus rostratis
Abstract
Reproduction and longevity of Podisus rostralis (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) females, fed at different intervals were studied in the Núcleo de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária' (BIOAGRO), of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% R.H. and photophase of 12 hours. Females of P. rostralis were fed with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larva, during 24 hours, every one, two, four, eight and 16 days. An inverse linear effect was found between oviposition period, egg batches/female, total number and number of eggs per day with feeding interval. Daily fed females laid more eggs (199.6) while those fed every 16 days showed lowest number of eggs (45.3). Longevity of P. rostralis was similar in all feeding intervals. Egg oviposition rate was reduced but females of this predator maintained its longevity which give then higher chances to maintain themselves in the ecosystem until occurs better conditions of preys.

14. Photoacclimation response of Baltic Sea Picocyanobacteria in culture [1999]

  • ALBERTANO, P, VIAGGIU, E, and STAL, L. J
  • Marine CyanobacteriaBulletin de l'Institut océanographique (Monaco). :217-222
Subjects
Ecology, Ecologie, Oceanography, Océanographie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Microbiologie, Microbiology, Bactériologie, Bacteriology, Action d'agents physiques et chimiques sur les bactéries, Action of physical and chemical agents on bacteria, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie microbienne, Microbial ecology, Milieux divers (espace extraatmosphérique, air, eau), Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water), Bactérie, Bacteria, Milieu marin, Marine environment, Medio marino, Adaptation, Adaptación, Analyse quantitative, Quantitative analysis, Análisis cuantitativo, Bloom, Caroténoïde, Carotenoid, Carotenoide, Chlorophylle a, Chlorophyll a, Clorofila a, Cyanobacteria, Dynamique population, Population dynamics, Dinámica población, Emission oxygène, Oxygen emission, Emisión oxígeno, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Intensité lumineuse, Luminous intensity, Intensidad luminosa, Lumière, Light, Luz, Photosynthèse, Photosynthesis, Fotosíntesis, Pigment photosynthétique, Photosynthetic pigment, Pigmento fotosintético, Variation saisonnière, Seasonal variation, and Variación estacional

15. Application of new PPV precursor polymers in organic LEDs [1999]

  • KIEBOOMS, R, ZOJER, E, MARKART, P, RESEL, R, DE SCHEPPER, L, VANDERZANDE, D, GELAN, J, STALS, L, TASCH, S, and LEISING, G
  • Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM '98), Montpellier, France, 12-18 July 1998. Part II: Conjugated and conducting polymers contd. Molecular materials and assembliesSynthetic metals. 102(1-3)
Subjects
Electronics, Electronique, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Dispositifs optoélectroniques, Optoelectronic devices, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Domaines d'application, and Application fields
Abstract
A new class of precursor polymers, as first described by Louwet at al. [1], was used to make organic LEDs. Device properties are relatively independent from the side chain to be eliminated. However introduction of two methyl groups onto the phenyl ring introduces significant changes in absorption, photoluminescence (PL) emission, PL quantum efficiency and electroluminescence spectra. From XRD there is an indication that this effect might be related to a different packing of the polymer chains.

16. Interaction between pod age and position on damage to cowpea Vigna unguiculata by hemipteran pod-sucking bugs [2001]

  • KOONA, P, OSISANYA, E. O, JACKAI, L. E. N, TAMO, M, TONYE, J, and NGEVE, J. M
  • Bulletin of entomological research. 91(6):453-459
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Relation animal végétal, Animal plant relation, Relación animal vegetal, Spermatophyta, Age, Edad, Comparaison interspécifique, Interspecific comparison, Comparación interespecífica, Coreidae, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Pentatomidae, Position, Posición, and Vigna unguiculata
Abstract
Laboratory and screenhouse studies were carried out to assess the relationship between pod age and pod position of cowpea and damage by different pod bug species. The coreids Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl and Riptortus dentipes Fabricius caused significant damage to young pods of cultivated genotypes, in contrast to the coreid Anoplocnemis curvipes Fabricius and the pentatomid Aspavia armigera Fabricius which exhibited minor feeding activity. Percent seed damage declined with pod age, the critical stage for pod bug infestation being when pods were about eight days old. Clavigralla tomentosicollis and R. dentipes caused significantly higher damage to pods located within the leaf canopy, thus behaving differently from Anoplocnemis curvipes which showed a distinct preference for pods growing above the leaf canopy. The feeding activity of Aspavia armigera was not affected by the position of pods on the plant. Overall, the study suggests that cowpea genotypes with a short flowering period and pods held above the leaf canopy offer the most promise in the management of pod-sucking pests.

17. Inferences on pod wall and seed defences against the brown cowpea coreid bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl. (Hem., Coreidae) in wild and cultivated Vigna species [2001]

  • JACKAI, L. E. N, NOKOE, S, TAYO, B. O, and KOONA, P
  • Journal of applied entomology (1986). 125(5):277-286
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Génétique et amélioration des plantes d'intérêt économique, Genetics and breeding of economic plants, Sélection variétale. Amélioration spéciale, objectifs d'amélioration, Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims, Résistance aux organismes nuisibles, Pest resistance, Déprédateurs, Pest animals, Amélioration génétique, Genetic improvement, Enriquecimiento genético, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Coreidae, Culture tropicale, Tropical crop, Cultivo tropical, Dicotyledones, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Fruit, Fruto, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Légumineuse grain, Grain legume, Leguminosa grano, Plante sauvage, Wild plant, Planta salvaje, Spermatophyta, Comparaison interspécifique, Interspecific comparison, Comparación interespecífica, Cultivar, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Effet dimensionnel, Size effect, Efecto dimensional, Etude en laboratoire, Laboratory study, Estudio en laboratorio, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Graine, Seeds, Semillas, Infestation, Infestación, Lignée sélection, Breeding line, Línea selección, Mécanisme défense, Defense mechanism, Mecanismo defensa, Ressource génétique, Genetic resource, Recurso genético, Résistance insecte, Insect resistance, Resistencia insecto, Trichome, Tricoma, Vigna unguiculata, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Péricarpe, Pericarp, and Vigna vexillata
Abstract
Studies were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the different components of the resistance of Vigna vexillata A. Richards, TVnu 72, and several cultivars of cultivated Vigna spp. to infestation and damage by the brown cowpea coreid, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl. The main objective was to determine the different roles of the pod wall and seeds, and the relationship between seed size, number, and damage by this insect. Results showed that both the pod wall and seed clearly contribute different components to the resistance of TVnu 72 to C. tomentosicollis. Analysis of the results suggests that the seed defences and the pod wall pericarp may be more important than are trichomes in this resistance. Seed number was found to influence the extent of damage in a more predictable manner than seed size. However, because both of these traits are generally inversely related and mutually exclusive, their individual effects cannot be completely separated. The implications of these traits in a breeding programme targeted at a specific consumer group are discussed.

18. Phonon-assisted electronic transitions in phosphorus-doped n-type chemical vapor deposition diamond films [2001]

  • HAENEN, K, MEYKENS, K, NESLADEK, M, KNUYT, G, STALS, L. M, TERAJI, T, KOIZUMI, S, and GHEERAERT, E
  • Proceedings of Diamond 2000, the 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon CarbideDiamond and related materials. 10(3-7):439-443
Subjects
Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure electronique, proprietes electriques, magnetiques et optiques, Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, Structure électronique et propriétés électriques des surfaces, interfaces, couches minces et structures de basse dimensionnalité, Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures, Etats électroniques de surface et d'interface, Surface and interface electron states, Niveaux de défauts et d'impureté; états d'énergie d'espèces adsorbées, Impurity and defect levels; energy states of adsorbed species, Addition phosphore, Phosphorus additions, Couche épitaxique, Epitaxial layers, Diamant, Diamonds, Dopage, Doping, Dépôt chimique phase vapeur, CVD, Etat impureté, Impurity states, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Interaction impureté phonon, Impurity phonon interaction, Interacción impureza fonón, Ionisation, Ionization, Matériau semiconducteur, Semiconductor materials, Oscillation, Oscillations, Photoconductivité, Photoconductivity, Spectrométrie photothermique, Photothermal spectroscopy, and C
Abstract
One year ago we published the first results on the electronic structure of the P-level in 1000 ppm PH3/CH4 doped {111}-oriented n-type diamond films, using the quasi-steady-state photocurrent technique (PC) and photothermal ionization spectroscopy (PTIS). In this work we have extended our measurements at various temperatures (4.2-77.4 K) to samples with various doping levels (100, 500 and 1000 ppm PH3/CH4). This allowed us to obtain more precise results for the electronic structure of the phosphorus defect in homoepitaxial n-type CVD diamond films, making use of the 155 meV LO-phonon to explain the oscillatory photoconductivity. These results are confirmed by the PTIS maxima and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) data. In addition we present first measurements on a 2000-ppm doped {100}-oriented sample.

19. Structure and tribological properties of MoSx coatings prepared by bipolar DC magnetron sputtering [2001]

  • WANG, Jihui, LAUWERENS, W, WIEERS, E, STALS, L. M, JIAWEN HE, and CELIS, J. P
  • Surface & coatings technology. 139(2-3):143-152
Subjects
General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Coefficient frottement, Friction factor, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Essai usure, Wear testing, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Magnétron, Magnetrons, Microstructure, Molybdène sulfure, Molybdenum sulfides, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Revêtement, Coatings, SEM, Tribologie, Tribology, Usure petit débattement, Fretting wear, Desgate pequinio desplazamiento, Usure, and Wear
Abstract
MoSx coatings were prepared by bipolar pulse DC (balanced and unbalanced) magnetron-sputtering systems. Deposition parameters, cathode current density, argon pressure, bias voltage and magnetron sputtering conditions, were varied in order to obtain low friction and wear-resistant coatings. Composition and surface morphology were determined by energy dispersive X-rays and scanning electron microscopy, while the structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The friction and wear properties were investigated by fretting tests in ambient air of < 10% and 50% relative humidity. On proper selection of the argon pressure and the cathode current density, MoSx coatings characterised by a strong (002) basal plane orientation parallel to the substrate were obtained in a reproducible way. Such coatings deposited under optimised conditions exhibit very good lubricity and high wear-resistance, even in ambient air with a relative humidity of 50%. Conversely, when deposition parameters such as higher argon pressure and larger cathode current density result in the deposition of a MoSx coatings with a needle-like structure and preferential (100) and (110) plane orientations, a lower wear resistance is achieved especially in air of 50% relative humidity. Ion bombardment, achieved by applying a negative voltage bias or unbalanced sputtering conditions, improves the friction and wear performance. Conversely, a positive bias voltage deteriorates the tribological performance of the coatings. Experimental data on the friction and sliding wear resistance for MoSx coatings indicate that the best tribological properties are obtained with low sulfur and featureless MoSx coatings.

20. Biochemical partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon by benthic diatoms during short-term incubations at different irradiances [2002]

  • WOLFSTEIN, K, DE BROUWER, J. F. C, and STAL, L. J
  • Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek). 245:21-31
Subjects
Marine biology, limnology, Biologie marine, limnologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Végétaux et champignons, Plants and fungi, Synécologie, Synecology, Ecosystèmes marins, Sea water ecosystems, Algae, Bacillariophyta, Facteur photique, Light effect, Factor fótico, Heterokontophyta, Milieu marin, Marine environment, Medio marino, Thallophyta, Eclairement énergétique, Irradiance, Aclaramiento energético, Extracellulaire, Extracellular, Extracelular, Photosynthèse, Photosynthesis, Fotosíntesis, Phytobenthos, Fitobentos, Polymère, Polymer, Polímero, Productivité biologique, Biological productivity, Productividad biológica, Cylindrotheca closterium, Extracellular polymeric substances, Microphytobenthos, and P/E curves
Abstract
The partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) into different fractions of intracellular and extracellular C pools by an axenic culture of Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) and a field sample of natural benthic diatoms was studied using short-term incubation with 14C at different irradiances. Hence, excretion was directly dependent on the level of irradiance. During the incubations, a comparable amount of about 70 and 75% of the fixed C, respectively, was excreted by the culture and the field sample. This excreted C was distinguished in 2 operational fractions of attached (closely bound to the cells) and colloidal (soluble) material. In the field sample, the percentage of excreted C decreased at irradiances higher than 300 pmol photons m-2 s-1, but it was constant for the culture over the whole range of different irradiances applied. The percentage of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the attached and colloidal material, as obtained by ethanol precipitation, was constant over the range of the provided irradiances for both samples. Subsamples of natural benthic diatoms were treated with an antibiotic cocktail in order to exclude bacterial activity which resulted in unexpected higher values of incorporated C in the fractions of total C, intracellular C, colloidal C and EPS.

21. Effect of power mode, target type and liquid nitrogen trap on the structure and tribological properties of MoSx coatings [2002]

  • JIHUI WANG, LAUWERENS, W, WIEERS, E, STALS, L. M, JIAWEN HE, and CELIS, J. P
  • Surface & coatings technology. 153(2-3):166-172
Subjects
General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Diffraction RX, XRD, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Frottement, Friction, Magnétron, Magnetrons, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microstructure, Molybdène sulfure, Molybdenum sulfides, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Revêtement, Coatings, Tribologie, Tribology, Usure, and Wear
Abstract
MoSx coatings were prepared with an unbalanced DC magnetron-sputtering system by varying the DC power mode, target type and liquid nitrogen trap. The composition and surface morphology were examined by energy dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microscopy; structural characterization was determined by X-ray diffraction. The friction and wear properties were evaluated with a fretting tester in dry (< 10% relative humidity) and humid (50% and 90% relative humidity) air. MoSx coatings deposited by simple DC power tended to form rougher surfaces, and had a higher edge orientation of crystallites with worse tribological performance than those by bipolar pulsed DC power. MoSx coatings made by a cold pressed target had a lower deposition rate, and were inclined to form (002) basal orientations parallel to the surface especially at higher argon pressures. The contents of oxygen and carbon in the MoSx coating with the use of liquid nitrogen trap were greatly reduced, but MoSx coatings had lower coefficients of friction and shorter wear life at higher relative humidity. The role of these deposition variables in the formation process is discussed.

22. Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans [2002]

  • KARL, D, MICHAELS, A, BERGMAN, B, CAPONE, D, CARPENTER, E, LETELIER, R, LIPSCHULTZ, F, PAERL, H, SIGMAN, D, and STAL, L
  • The nitrogen cycle at regional to global scalesBiogeochemistry (Dordrecht). 57-58:47-98
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Ecology, Ecologie, Geology, Géologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie microbienne, Microbial ecology, Milieux divers (espace extraatmosphérique, air, eau), Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water), Bactérie, Bacteria, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Cyanobacteria, Cycle biogéochimique, Biogeochemical cycle, Ciclo biogeoquímico, Diazotrophie, Diazotrophy, Diazotrofía, Fixation azote, Nitrogen fixation, Fijación nitrogeno, Milieu marin, Marine environment, Medio marino, Océan, Ocean, Océano, and Trichodesmium
Abstract
The surface water of the marine environment has traditionally been viewed as a nitrogen (N) limited habitat, and this has guided the development of conceptual biogeochemical models focusing largely on the reservoir of nitrate as the critical source of N to sustain primary productivity. However, selected groups of Bacteria, including cyanobacteria, and Archaea can utilize dinitrogen (N2) as an alternative N source. In the marine environment, these microorganisms can have profound effects on net community production processes and can impact the coupling of C-N-P cycles as well as the net oceanic sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. As one component of an integrated 'Nitrogen Transport and Transformations' project, we have begun to re-assess our understanding of (I) the biotic sources and rates of N2 fixation in the world's oceans, (2) the major controls on rates of oceanic N2 fixation, (3) the significance of this N2 fixation for the global carbon cycle and (4) the role of human activities in the alteration of oceanic N2 fixation. Preliminary results indicate that rates of N2 fixation, especially in subtropical and tropical open ocean habitats, have a major role in the global marine N budget. Iron (Fe) bioavailability appears to be an important control and is, therefore, critical in extrapolation to global rates of N2 fixation. Anthropogenic perturbations may alter N2 fixation in coastal environments through habitat destruction and eutrophication, and open ocean N2 fixation may be enhanced by warming and increased stratification of the upper water column. Global anthropogenic and climatic changes may also affect N2 fixation rates, for example by altering dust inputs (i.e. Fe) or by expansion of subtropical boundaries. Some recent estimates of global ocean N2 fixation are in the range of 100-200 Tg N (1-2 x 1014 g N) yr-1, but have large uncertainties. These estimates are nearly an order of magnitude greater than historical, pre-1980 estimates, but approach modern estimates of oceanic denitrification.

23. Human single masseter muscle fibers contain unique combinations of myosin and myosin binding protein C isoforms [2002]

  • Yu, F., Stål, P., Thornell, L.-E., and Larsson, L.
  • Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. August, 2002, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p317, 10 p.

24. Assessment of chemical resistance of wild and cultivated Vigna species to the brown pod-bug Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal (Hem., Coreidae) [2003]

  • KOONA, P, OSISANYA, E. O, LAJIDE, L, JACKAI, L. E. N, and TAMO, M
  • Journal of applied entomology (1986). 127(5):293-298
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, and Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Abstract
The effects of secondary metabolites in different Vigna species on the development of Clavigralla tomentosicollis were investigated in an artificial seed system using different fractions of crude pod extracts, while the orientation response of this pod-bug to volatile extracts was studied using a dual-choice olfactometer. Feeding on the neutral fraction extracts, in contrast to the basic and acidic fractions, resulted in significantly higher mortalities, longer total developmental time, and lower growth index of the insects in comparison with controls. All volatile extracts elicited an avoidance reaction by C. tomentosicollis, except the volatile from the susceptible genotype IT84S-2246 which generally attracted as many insects as controls. Extracts from wild Vigna species showed higher activity than those from their cultivated relatives. The present study which has established that most secondary metabolites in cowpea pods were localized in the neutral fraction of the crude extract, could facilitate experiments on the separation and characterization of the toxic factors involved.

25. On possibility of nondestructive testing of the grain size in the intermediate stages of manufacturing electrical steel [2003]

  • LOBANOV, M. L, SYSOLYATINA, I. P, SANDOVSKII, V. A, CHISTYAKOV, V. K, GOBOV, Yu. L, GORKUNOV, E. S, ZADVORKIN, S. M, KORZUNIN, G. S, LAVRENT'EV, A. G, PEROV, D. V, and RINKEVICH, A. B
  • Russian journal of nondestructive testing. 39(8):615-628
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Essais sur les matériaux, Materials testing, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Métrologie industrielle. Contrôle, Industrial metrology. Testing, Contrôle non destructif: méthodes et appareillages, Non-destructive testing: methods and equipments, Acier électrique, Electric furnace steel, Acero horno eléctrico, Conversion onde, Wave conversion, Conversión onda, Dispositif électromagnétique, Electromagnetic devices, Effet Barkhausen, Barkhausen effect, Effet champ magnétique, Magnetic field effects, En ligne, On line, En línea, Essai courant Foucault, Eddy current testing, Essai non destructif, Nondestructive testing, Essai perte magnétique, Magnetic leakage field testing, Control pérdida magnética, Fer, Iron, Grosseur grain, Grain size, Joint grain, Grain boundaries, Mesure électrique, Electrical measurement, Medida eléctrica, Métrologie, Metrology, Processus fabrication, Production process, Proceso fabricación, Procédé fabrication, Manufacturing processes, Visualisation, and Visualization
Abstract
The results of investigation of the relation between the grain size in the intermediate stages of manufacturing electrical steel and various physical characteristics are given. The investigations are carried out for the purpose of clarifying the possibility of using these characteristics for arranging nondestructive testing of the grain size in the process of steel manufacturing. The paper contains the results of tests performed with the use of the methods of measuring the leakage magnetic fields on the grain boundaries by means of yttrium iron garnet films employed for visualization of the magnetic fields, the Barkhausen effect, the ultrasonic and eddy-current methods, the electromagnetic-acoustic conversion (EMAC) method, and the use of the relation between the grain size and the value of the coercive force.

26. Infestation and damage by Clavigralla tomentosicollis and Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cowpea plants with modified leaf structure and pods in different positions relative to the canopy [2004]

  • KOONA, P, OSISANYA, E. O, JACKAI, Len, and TONYE, J
  • Environmental entomology. 33(3):471-476
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Signalements, symptômes, dégâts, importance économique, surveillance des populations, Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Dicotyledones, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Heteroptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Leguminosae, Spermatophyta, Coreidae, Défoliation, Defoliation, Defoliación, Dégât, Damage, Estrago, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Feuille végétal, Plant leaf, Hoja vegetal, Gousse, Pod, Vaina, Infestation, Infestación, Structure, Estructura, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Vigna unguiculata, Anoplocnemis curvipes, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, canopy temperature, defoliation, and pod position
Abstract
Potted cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., plants were used to determine the effects of defoliation and pod position relative to the leaf canopy on infestation and damage by the coreid pod-bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Anoplocnemis curvipes (F.). Temperature measurements were taken within and outside the canopy to determine whether there was a correlation to seed damage. Seed damage decreased significantly with increasing defoliation in plants infested with C. tomentosicollis; an inverse trend was observed with A. curvipes. Temperatures within the canopy increased as the number of leaves decreased. As observed in the defoliation experiment, C. tomentosicollis and A. curvipes reacted differently in a free-choice situation between pods located outside or within the canopy. Significantly higher numbers of C. tomentosicollis concealed themselves within the canopy, where they caused more severe damage to seeds, in comparison with numbers and damage outside the canopy. These trends were reversed for A. curvipes. There was a significant negative correlation between percentage of seed damage and temperature with C. tomentosicollis, and a significant positive correlation with A. curvipes, both in defoliated plants and those with pods distributed outside and within the canopy. Overall, plants with less dense canopy, and long peduncles holding pods outside the canopy showed some resistance to C. tomentosicollis, which is the most damaging pod bug on cowpea. Because such cowpea plants harbor fewer C. tomentosicollis, they are likely to suffer less overall damage from infestation by the complex of pod bugs that occur concurrently in cowpea fields.

27. Evaluation of action thresholds for chronic rice insect pests in the Philippines. I: Less frequently occurring pests and overall assessment [2005]

  • LITSINGER, J. A, BANDONG, J. P, CANAPI, B. L, CRUZ, C. G, PANTUA, P. C, ALVIOLA, A. L, and BATAY-AN, E. H
  • International journal of pest management (Print). 51(1):45-61
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Lutte chimique, Chemical control, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Gramineae, Invertebrata, Monocotyledones, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Plante céréalière, Cereal crop, Planta cerealista, Spermatophyta, Zone tropicale, Tropical zone, Zona tropical, Date de plantation, Planting date, Fecha de plantación, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Fertilisation azotée, Nitrogen fertilization, Fertilización nitrogenada, Infestation, Infestación, Insecta, Insecticide, Insecticida, Irrigation, Irrigación, Lutte antidéprédateur, Pest management, Manejo de plagas, Lutte chimique, Chemical control, Lucha química, Oryza sativa, Prise décision, Decision making, Toma decision, Rendement, Yield, Rendimiento, Résistance insecte, Insect resistance, Resistencia insecto, Seuil intervention, Action threshold, Umbral tratamiento, Pest control, colonisation pattern, decision making, insecticides, irrigated rice, nitrogen fertilisation, plant tolerance, planting date, and yield loss
Abstract
Action thresholds as decision tools for insecticide application were developed and tested against the major insect pests of rice at four sites in the Philippines over a 13-year period. Action threshold treatments were compared to the farmers' practice, prophylactic insecticide usage, and an untreated check. Yield loss data using the insecticide check method partitioned yield losses over three crop growth stages in the same test fields. Chronic pests that exceeded action thresholds in 79% of fields were whorl maggot Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Diptera: Ephydridae), defoliators Naranga senescens Moore and Rivula atimeta (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), leaffolders Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and stemborers Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and S. innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Minor chronic pests reached threshold levels in only one site each: rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) (Koronadal), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Zaragoza) and green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Guimba); brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) did not exceed a threshold in any field. Stemborers were the most important pest group in terms of yield loss. Despite the insecticide check method underestimating losses, a mean crop loss of 0.62 t/ha was measured which showed ample scope for corrective action. But loss was evenly distributed across crop growth stages (0.15 0.24 t/ha) reducing the impact of insecticides. Action threshold treatments overall outyielded the untreated check, more so in the two sites with highest pest density. The benefit of thresholds was to reduce insecticide usage, as a cost saving. However all the practices showed poor economic returns including the farmers' practice. Farmers' practice employed low insecticide dosages and timing was not consistent with pest damage, but yields were often similar to threshold treatments. Farmers appear to use insecticide more for risk aversion than for profit. The best threshold characters when evaluated against resulting pest density and yield loss criteria showed accuracies > 90% correct decisions. Future work is needed to improve the insecticide response rather than monitoring tools. Thresholds need to be incorporated into improved crop management, which was often found suboptimal by farmers, to take advantage of the high levels of tolerance in modern high tillering cultivars. Crop husbandry practices which improve yield potential such as selection of longer maturing varieties and nitrogen fertilizer may be a more effective pest management strategy than insecticides.

28. Pathology parameters and adjuvant tamoxifen response in a randomised premenopausal breast cancer trial [2005]

  • JIRSTRÖM, K, RYDEN, L, ANAGNOSTAKI, L, NORDENSKJÖLD, B, STAL, O, THORSTENSON, S, CHEBIL, G, JÖNSSON, P.-E, FERNÖ, M, and LANDBERG, G
  • Journal of clinical pathology. 58(11):1135-1142
Subjects
Medical oncology, Cancérologie, Medical laboratory techniques, Techniques de laboratoire médical, General medicine general surgery, Médecine et chirurgie générales, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Gynecologie. Andrologie. Obstetrique, Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics, Pathologie de la glande mammaire, Mammary gland diseases, Tumeurs, Tumors, Techniques d'exploration et de diagnostic (generalites), Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects), Anatomopathologie. Exploration cytologique. Biochimie. Spectrométries. Méthodes cliniques et paracliniques diverses, Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques, Glande mammaire pathologie, Mammary gland diseases, Glándula mamaria patología, Tumeur maligne, Malignant tumor, Tumor maligno, Adjuvant, Coadyuvante, Anatomopathologie, Anatomic pathology, Anatomía patológica, Essai clinique, Clinical trial, Ensayo clínico, Paramètre, Parameter, Parámetro, Préménopause, Premenopause, Premenopausia, Tamoxifène, Tamoxifene, Tamoxifeno, Cancer sein, Breast cancer, and Cáncer pecho
Abstract
Background: Subgroups of breast cancer that have an impaired response to endocrine treatment, despite hormone receptor positivity, are still poorly defined. Breast cancer can be subdivided according to standard pathological parameters including histological type, grade, and assessment of proliferation. These parameters are the net result of combinations of genetic alterations effecting tumour behaviour and could potentially reflect subtypes that respond differently to endocrine treatment. Aims: To investigate the usefulness of these parameters as predictors of the response to tamoxifen in premenopausal women with breast cancer. Materials/methods: Clinically established pathological parameters were assessed and related to the tamoxifen response in 500 available tumour specimens from 564 premenopausal patients with breast cancer randomised to either two years of tamoxifen or no treatment with 14 years of follow up. Proliferation was further evaluated by immunohistochemical Ki-67 expression. Results: Oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinomas responded as expected to tamoxifen, whereas the difference in recurrence free survival between control and tamoxifen treated patients was less apparent in the relatively few lobular carcinomas. For histological grade, there was no obvious difference in treatment response between the groups. The relation between proliferation and tamoxifen response seemed to be more complex, with a clear response in tumours with high and low proliferation, whereas tumours with intermediate proliferation defined by Ki-67 responded more poorly. Conclusions: Clinically established pathology parameters seem to mirror the endocrine treatment response and could potentially be valuable in future treatment decisions for patients with breast cancer.

29. Theoretical characteristics of carbon-ferrochrome smelting in furnaces produced by Aksai Ferroalloy plant [2008]

  • Privalov, O. E., Kulinich, V. I., Golovachev, N. P., Suslov, A. V., and Prokop'ev, L. Ya.
  • Steel in Translation. Feb 2008, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p147, 5 p.

30. Production of thermomechanically hardened reinforcing rod [2008]

  • Makarov, D. N., Komel'kov, E. M., Didenko, A. P., and P'yankov, A. A.
  • Steel in Translation. March 2008, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p234, 4 p.

31. Secondary cooling of continuous-cast billet at OOO Uralmash-Engineering [2008]

  • Avdonin, V. Yu., Bulanov, L. V., Gelfenbein, E. V., Parfenov, E. P., and Efimov, S. V.
  • Steel in Translation. May 2008, Vol. 38 Issue 5, p384, 4 p.

32. Innovative linings for continuous-furnace hearths [2008]

  • Krasnyi, B. L. and Kartunov, E. P.
  • Steel in Translation. July 2008, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p577, 3 p.

33. Benefits of 09I2-DPS steel for critical welded structures [2009]

  • Gladhstein, L. I., Bobyleva, L. A., Yakushev, E. V., Lopatkin, V. A., Pemov, I. F., and Naumenko, A. A.
  • Steel in Translation. Feb 2009, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p168, 6 p.

34. Smelting steel in electrofurnaces with increased hot-metal consumption [2009]

  • Godik, L. A., Kozyrev, N. A., Shabanov, P. A., Timmerman, N. N., and Zakharova, T. P.
  • Steel in Translation. May 2009, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p412, 4 p.

35. New steels for pipelines of strength classes K54--K60 (X70): Production experience at OAO MMK [2009]

  • Nastich, S. Yu., Kornilov, V. L., Morozov, Yu. D., Denisov, S. V., and Molostov, M. A.
  • Steel in Translation. May 2009, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p431, 6 p.

36. Evidence for low muscle capillary supply as a pathogenic factor in chronic compartment syndrome [2010]

  • Edmundsson, D., Toolanen, G., Thornell, L-E., and Stal, P.
  • Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. Dec 2010, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p805, 9 p.

37. Morfometria geometrica y filogenia en Rhodniini (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) de Venezuela [2011]

  • Soto-Vivas, Ana, Liria, Jonathan, and De Luna, Efrain
  • Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie). Jan 2011, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p87, 16 p.

38. Exitianus obscurineruis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a New Experimental Vector of Spiroplasma kunkelii [2011]

  • CARLONI, E, VIRLA, E, PARADELL, S, CARPANE, P, NOME, C, LAGUNA, I, and GIMENEZ PECCI, M. P
  • Journal of economic entomology. 104(6):1793-1799
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Vecteurs d'importance medicale, nuisances, depredateurs des denrees et materiaux: surveillance des populations et lutte, Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control, Vecteurs. Hôtes intermédaires, Vectors. Intermediate hosts, Arthropoda, Bactérie, Bacteria, Cicadomorpha, Homoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollicutes, Mycoplasmatales, Spiroplasmataceae, Cicadellidae, Dalbulus maidis, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Maïs, Corn, Maiz, Spiroplasma kunkelii, Vecteur, Vector, corn leafhopper, corn stunt, and spiroplasmas
Abstract
Corn stunt caused by the mollicute Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb) is potentially one of the most severe diseases affecting the corn (Zea mays L.) crop in the Americas, and the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is considered its most important vector. However, other insects seen quite frequently in corn crops might well be its vectors in Argentina. To identify any leafhoppers species other than D. maidis that can transmit S. kunkelii, transmission assays were conducted, using individuals of Exitianus obscurinervis (Stål) collected in field and reared under controlled conditions. S. kunkelii was transmitted to corn plants by E. obscurinervis. The pathogen was transmitted to seven of the 11 plants, which showed characteristic corn stunt symptoms, and the presence of the pathogen was confirmed by DAS-ELISA. The presence of S. kunkelii in the E. obscurinervis individuals used in transmission experiments was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy. The current study shows the existence of a new experimental vector of S. kunkelii, the leafhopper E. obscurineruis, which acquired spiroplasmas from infected plants and inoculated it to healthy plants.

39. Weedy Hosts and Prevalence of Potential Leafhopper Vectors (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) of a Phytoplasma (16SrIX group) Associated With Huanglongbing Symptoms in Citrus Groves [2012]

  • MARQUES, R. N, TEIXEIRA, D. C, YAMAMOTO, P. T, and LOPES, J. R. S
  • Journal of economic entomology. 105(2):329-337
Subjects
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Entomology, Entomologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Invertebres, Invertebrates, Insecta, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Généralités, Generalities, Agrume, Citrus fruit, Agrios, Angiospermae, Arthropoda, Bactérie, Bacteria, Cicadomorpha, Dicotyledones, Homoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Mollicutes, Rutaceae, Spermatophyta, Bocage, Grove, Boscaje, Cicadellidae, Citrus, Hôte, Host, Huesped, Maladie, Disease, Enfermedad, Mauvaise herbe, Weed, Malezas, Phloème, Phloem, Liber, Phytoplasme, Phytoplasma, Fitoplasma, Prévalence, Prevalence, Prevalencia, Sève, Sap, Savia, Vecteur, Vector, phloem-limited bacteria, plant disease, sap-sucking insect, and weed
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe citrus (Citrus spp.) disease associated with the bacteria genus Candidatus Liberibacter, detected in Brazil in 2004. Another bacterium was found in association with HLB symptoms and characterized as a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrIX group. The objectives of this study were to identify potential leafhopper vectors of the HLB-associated phytoplasma and their host plants. Leafhoppers were sampled every other week for 12 mo with sticky yellow cards placed at two heights (0.3 and 1.5 m) in the citrus tree canopy and by using a sweep net in the ground vegetation of two sweet orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, groves infected by the HLB-phytoplasma in Sao Paulo state. Faunistic analyses indicated one Agalliinae (Agallia albidula Uhler) and three Deltocephalinae [Balclutha hebe (Kirkaldy), Planicephalus flavicosta (Stål), and Scaphytopius (Convelinus) marginelineatus (Stål)] species, as the most abundant and frequent leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Visual observations indicated an association of leafhopper species with some weeds and the influence of weed species composition on leafhopper abundance in low-lying vegetation. S. marginelineatus and P. flavicosta were more frequent on Sida rhombifolia L. and Althernantera tenella Colla, respectively, whereas A. albidula was observed more often on Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. and B. hebe only occurred on grasses. DNA samples of field-collected S. marginelineatus were positive by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing tests for the presence of the HLB-phytoplasma group, indicating it as a potential vector. The association of leafhoppers with their hosts may be used in deciding which management strategies to adopt against weeds and diseases in citrus orchards.

40. A Modular Approach to Introduce Function into Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles [2014]

  • HUERTA, Elisa, VAN GENABEEK, Bas, STALS, Patrick J. M, MEIJER, E. W, and PALMANS, Anja R. A
  • Macromolecular rapid communications. 35(15):1320-1325
Subjects
Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Théorie des réactions, cinétique générale. Catalyse. Nomenclature, documentation chimique, informatique chimique, Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry, Catalyse, Catalysis, Réactions catalytiques, Catalytic reactions, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Propriétés et caractérisation, Properties and characterization, Propriétés des solutions et des gels, Solution and gel properties, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Agrégation moléculaire, Molecular aggregation, Agregación molecular, Aldolisation, Aldol condensation, Aldolización, Aminoacide, Aminoacid, Aminoácido, Catalyse asymétrique, Asymmetric catalysis, Catálisis asimétrica, Composé chiral, Chiral compound, Compuesto quiral, Composé marqué, Labelled compound, Compuesto marcado, Copolymère greffé, Graft copolymer, Copolímero injertado, Cyclanone, Cycloalkanone, Ciclanona, Dérivé du benzaldéhyde, Benzaldehyde derivatives, Benzaldehído derivado, Enantiosélectivité, Enantioselectivity, Enantioselectividad, Ethylène oxyde copolymère, Ethylene oxide copolymer, Etileno óxido copolímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Marqueur fluorescent, Fluorescent tracer, Marcador fluorescente, Méthacrylate copolymère, Methacrylate copolymer, Metacrilato copolímero, Nanoencapsulation, Nanoencapsulación, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Polymère amphiphile, Amphiphilic polymer, Polímero amfifilo, Reconnaissance moléculaire, Molecular recognition, Reconocimiento molecular, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Spectre dichroïsme circulaire, Circular dichroism spectrum, Espectro dicroismo circular, Dérivé de la proline, Particule monomoléculaire, aldol reaction, benzene-1,3,5-tricaboxamide, molecular recognition, organocatalysis, and single-chain polymeric nanoparticles
Abstract
Here, a modular approach is reported to introduce a specific function into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs). Hereto, an amphiphilic polymer with pendant benzene-1,3,5-tri-carboxamide (BTA) units is mixed with a free BTA that contains a functional group, either a fluorescent naphthalimide or a catalytically active L-proline. Taking advantage of hydrophobic interactions and self-recognition properties of the BTA units, the free BTAs are captured into the interior of the SCPN in water as evidenced by fluorescence studies. To illustrate that function can be readily introduced using a modular approach, L-proline-based BTAs are incorporated to procure a catalytically active SCPN in water. The aldol reaction between p-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone shows good conversions at low catalyst loadings and substrate concentrations, and high stereoselectivities are obtained (de = 91% and ee = 98%).

41. Rapport du groupe de travail sur l'identification des animaux de la Federation Europeenne des Associations en Sciences des Animaux de Laboratoire (FELASA) [2014]

  • Dahlborn, K., Bugnon, P., Nevalainen, T., Raspa, M., Verbost, P., and Spangenberg, E.
  • STAL. March 2014, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p29, 13 p.

42. VAV3 mediates resistance to breast cancer endocrine therapy [2014]

  • Aguilar, Helena, Urruticoechea, Ander, Halonen, Pasi, Kiyotani, Kazuma, Mushiroda, Taisei, Barril, Xavier, Serra-Musach, Jordi, Islam, Abul, Caizzi, Livia, Di Croce, Luciano, Nevedomskaya, Ekaterina, Zwart, Wilbert, Bostner, Josefine, Karlsson, Elin, Pnrez Tenorio, Gizeh, Fornander, Tommy, Sgroi, Dennis C, Garcia-Mata, Rafael, Jansen, Maurice PHM, Garcia, Nadia, Bonifaci, Nuria, Climent, Fina, Soler, Maria Teresa, Rodriguez-Vida, Alejo, Gil, Miguel, Brunet, Joan, Martrat, Griselda, Gomez-Baldo, Laia, Extremera, Ana I, Figueras, Agnes, Balart, Josep, Clarke, Robert, Burnstein, Kerry L, Carlson, Kathryn E, Katzenellenbogen, John A, Vizoso, Miguel, Esteller, Manel, Villanueva, Alberto, Rodriguez-Peea, Ana B, Bustelo, Xosn R, Nakamura, Yusuke, Zembutsu, Hitoshi, Stal, Olle, Beijersbergen, Roderick L, and Pujana, Miguel Angel
  • Breast Cancer Research. May 28, 2014, Vol. 16 Issue 3

43. Potential of biological control agents against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): current knowledge in Argentina [2015]

  • Luna, Maria G., Pereyra, Patricia C., Coviella, Carlos E., Nieves, Eliana, Savino, Vivina, Gervassio, Nadia G. Salas, Luft, Erica, Virla, Eduardo, and Sanchez, Norma E.
  • Florida Entomologist. June, 2015, Vol. 98 Issue 2, p489.

44. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology [2016]

  • Roy, Helen E., Brown, Peter M. J., Adriaens, Tim, Berkvens, Nick, Borges, Isabel, Clusella-Trullas, Susana, Comont, Richard F., Clercq, Patrick, Eschen, Rene, Estoup, Arnaud, Evans, Edward W., Facon, Benoit, Gardiner, Mary M., Gil, Artur, Grez, Audrey A., Guillemaud, Thomas, Haelewaters, Danny, Herz, Annette, Honek, Alois, Howe, Andy G., Hui, Cang, Hutchison, William D., Kenis, Marc, Koch, Robert L., Kulfan, Jan, Lawson Handley, Lori, Lombaert, Eric, Loomans, Antoon, Losey, John, Lukashuk, Alexander O., Maes, Dirk, Magro, Alexandra, Murray, Katie M., Martin, Gilles San, Martinkova, Zdenka, Minnaar, Ingrid A., Nedved, OldAich, Orlova-Bienkowskaja, Marina J., Osawa, Naoya, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Ravn, Hans Peter, Rondoni, Gabriele, Rorke, Steph L., Ryndevich, Sergey K., Saethre, May-Guri, Sloggett, John J., Soares, Antonio Onofre, Stals, Riaan, Tinsley, Matthew C., Vandereycken, Axel, Wielink, Paul, Viglasova, Sandra, Zach, Peter, Zakharov, Ilya A., Zaviezo, Tania, and Zhao, Zihua
  • Biological Invasions. April, 2016, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p997, 48 p.

45. Who tests whom? A comprehensive overview of Chlamydia trachomatis test practices in a Dutch region among different STI care providers for urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal sites in young people: a cross-sectional study [2016]

  • den Heijer, Casper D J, van Liere, G A F S, Hoebe, C J P A, van Bergen, J E A M, Cals, J W L, Stals, F S, and Dukers-Muijrers, N H T M
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections. May, 2016, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p211, 7 p.

46. Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation [2018]

  • Thomson, Scott A., Pyle, Richard L., Ahyong, Shane T., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Ammirati, Joe, Araya, Juan Francisco, Ascher, John S., Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Azevedo-Santos, Valter M., Bailly, Nicolas, Baker, William J., Balke, Michael, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Barrett, Russell L., Benine, Ricardo C., Bickerstaff, James R. M., Bouchard, Patrice, Bour, Roger, Bourgoin, Thierry, Boyko, Christopher B., Breure, Abraham S. H., Brothers, Denis J., Byng, James W., Campbell, David, Ceriaco, Luis M. P., Cernak, Istvan, Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Chang, Chih-Han, Cho, Soowon, Copus, Joshua M., Costello, Mark J., Cseh, Andras, Csuzdi, Csaba, Culham, Alastair, D'Elia, Guillermo, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Daneliya, Mikhail E., Dekker, Rene, Dickinson, Edward C., Dickinson, Timothy A., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Dima, Balint, Dmitriev, Dmitry A., Duistermaat, Leni, Dumbacher, John P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Ekrem, Torbjorn, Evenhuis, Neal L., Faille, Arnaud, Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Fiesler, Emile, Fishbein, Mark, Fordham, Barry G., Freitas, Andre V. L., Friol, Natalia R., Fritz, Uwe, Froslev, Tobias, Funk, Vicki A., Gaimari, Stephen D., Garbino, Guilherme S. T., Garraffoni, Andre R. S., Geml, Jozsef, Gill, Anthony C., Gray, Alan, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Greenslade, Penelope, Gutierrez, Eliecer E., Harvey, Mark S., Hazevoet, Cornelis J., He, Kai, He, Xiaolan, Helfer, Stephan, Helgen, Kristofer M., van Heteren, Anneke H., Hita Garcia, Francisco, Holstein, Norbert, Horvath, Margit K., Hovenkamp, Peter H., Hwang, Wei Song, Hyvonen, Jaakko, Islam, Melissa B., Iverson, John B., Ivie, Michael A., Jaafar, Zeehan, Jackson, Morgan D., Jayat, J. Pablo, Johnson, Norman F., Kaiser, Hinrich, Klitgard, Bente B., Knapp, Daniel G., Kojima, Jun-ichi, Koljalg, Urmas, Kontschan, Jeno, Krell, Frank-Thorsten, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kullander, Sven, Latella, Leonardo, Lattke, John E., Lencioni, Valeria, Lewis, Gwilym P., Lhano, Marcos G., Lujan, Nathan K., Luksenburg, Jolanda A., Mariaux, Jean, Marinho-Filho, Jader, Marshall, Christopher J., Mate, Jason F., McDonough, Molly M., Michel, Ellinor, Miranda, Vitor F. O., Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Molinari, Jesus, Monks, Scott, Moore, Abigail J., Moratelli, Ricardo, Muranyi, David, Nakano, Takafumi, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Noyes, John, Ohl, Michael, Oleas, Nora H., Orrell, Thomas, Pall-Gergely, Barna, Pape, Thomas, Papp, Viktor, Parenti, Lynne R., Patterson, David, Pavlinov, Igor Ya., Pine, Ronald H., Poczai, Peter, Prado, Jefferson, Prathapan, Divakaran, Rabeler, Richard K., Randall, John E., Rheindt, Frank E., Rhodin, Anders G. J., Rodriguez, Sara M., Rogers, D. Christopher, Roque, Fabio de O., Rowe, Kevin C., Ruedas, Luis A., Salazar-Bravo, Jorge, Salvador, Rodrigo B., Sangster, George, Sarmiento, Carlos E., Schigel, Dmitry S., Schmidt, Stefan, Schueler, Frederick W., Segers, Hendrik, Snow, Neil, Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Stals, Riaan, Stenroos, Soili, Stone, R. Douglas, Sturm, Charles F., Stys, Pavel, Teta, Pablo, Thomas, Daniel C., Timm, Robert M., Tindall, Brian J., Todd, Jonathan A., Triebel, Dagmar, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Vizzini, Alfredo, Vorontsova, Maria S., de Vos, Jurriaan M., Wagner, Philipp, Watling, Les, Weakley, Alan, Welter-Schultes, Francisco, Whitmore, Daniel, Wilding, Nicholas, Will, Kipling, Williams, Jason, Wilson, Karen, Winston, Judith E., Wuster, Wolfgang, Yanega, Douglas, Yeates, David K., Zaher, Hussam, Zhang, Guanyang, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, and Zhou, Hong-Zhang
  • PLoS Biology. March 14, 2018, Vol. 16 Issue 3, pe2005075.

47. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib (KEYNOTE-224): a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 trial [2018]

  • Zhu, Andrew X, Finn, Richard S, Edeline, Julien, Cattan, Stephane, Ogasawara, Sadahisa, Palmer, Daniel, Verslype, Chris, Zagonel, Vittorina, Fartoux, Laetitia, Vogel, Arndt, Sarker, Debashis, Verset, Gontran, Chan, Stephen L, Knox, Jennifer, Daniele, Bruno, Webber, Andrea L, Ebbinghaus, Scot W, Ma, Junshui, Siegel, Abby B, Cheng, Ann-Lii, Kudo, Masatoshi, Alistar, Angela, Asselah, Jamil, Blanc, Jean-Frederic, Borbath, Ivan, Cannon, Timothy, Chung, Ki, Cohn, Allen, Cosgrove, David P, Damjanov, Nevena, Gupta, Mukul, Karino, Yoshivasu, Karwal, Mark, Kaubisch, Andreas, Kelley, Robin, Van Laethem, Jena-Luc, Larson, Timothy, Lee, James, Li, Daneng, Manhas, Atisha, Manji, Gulam Abbas, Numata, Kazushi, Parsons, Benjamin, Paulson, Andrew S., Pinto, Carmine, Ramirez, Robert, Ratnam, Suresh, Rizell, Magnus, Rosmorduc, Olivier, Sada, Yvonne, Sasaki, Yutaka, Stal, Per I, Strasser, Simone, Trojan, Joerg, Vaccaro, Gina, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Weiss, Alan, Weiss, Karl-Heinz, and Yamashita, Tatsuya
  • Lancet Oncology. July, 2018, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p940.

48. Outcomes of patients with myelofibrosis treated with compassionate use pacritinib: a sponsor-independent international study [2018]

  • Mascarenhas, J., Virtgaym, E., Stal, M., Blacklock, H., Gerds, A. T., Mesa, R., and Ganly, P.
  • Annals of Hematology. August, 2018, Vol. 97 Issue 8, p1369, 6 p.

49. Potential of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) as a host plant for Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) [2019]

  • Tillman, P. Glynn, Cottrell, Ted E., and Buntin, G. David
  • Florida Entomologist. March, 2019, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p222, 5 p.

50. Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States [2019]

  • Pezzini, Daniela T., DiFonzo, Christina D., Finke, Deborah L., Hunt, Thomas E., Knodel, Janet J., Krupke, Christian H., McCornack, Brian, Michel, Andrew P., Philips, Christopher R., Varenhorst, Adam J., Wright, Robert J., and Koch, Robert L.
  • Journal of Economic Entomology. August, 2019, Vol. 112 Issue 4, p1722, 10 p.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results

Guides

Course- and topic-based guides to collections, tools, and services.
Search """Stals, E. L. P.""" in all guide pages
1 - 50