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1. Electrochemical investigation of clozapine at TiO2 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode and simultaneous adsorptive voltammetric determination of two antipsychotic drugs [2013]

  • MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN MASHHADIZADEH and AFSHAR, Esmaeil
  • Electrochimica acta. 87:816-823
Subjects
Antipsychotique, Antipsychotic, Antipsicótico, Carbone, Carbon, Carbono, Clozapine, Clozapina, Détecteur électrochimique, Electrochemical detector, Detector electroquímico, Electrode pâte, Paste electrode, Electrodo pasta, Matériau modifié, Modified material, Material modificado, Mesure simultanée, Simultaneous measurement, Medición simultánea, Médicament, Drug, Medicamento, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Titane IV Oxyde, Titanium IV Oxides, Titanio IV Óxido, Voltammétrie, Voltammetry, Voltametría, Voltampérométrie impulsion différentielle, Differential impulse voltamperometry, Voltamperimetría impulsión diferencial, Differential pulse voltammetry, Modified carbon paste electrode, Thioridazine, TiO2 nanoparticles, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Généralités, General, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
A new carbon paste electrode chemically modified withTiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NP-MCPE) is constructed and used for the selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of trace amounts of clozapine (CLZ). The effect of carbon paste composition, working solution pH and scan rate were studied with this modified electrode. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the carbon paste increased the available surface area of the electrode and improved the sensitivity by enhancing peak currents. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode and the mechanism of the oxidation of CLZ were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). From the slope of the Tafel plot the α value was found 0.57. Using adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry (AD-DPV) at optimum parameters a linear dynamic range of 0.5-45 μM clozapine was observed with detection limit of 61.0 nM. In addition, the CLZ and thioridazine were determined simultaneously using TiO2NP-MCPE in AD-DPV. In AD-DPV measurements, used TiO2NP-MCPE, the oxidation peak potentials of CLZ and thioridazine was separated about 260 mV. The voltammograms showed two anodic peaks at 370 and 630 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, corresponding to the oxidation of CLZ and thioridazine, respectively. Finally, this method was used for determination of CLZ in clozapine tablets with satisfactory results.

2. Value creation and decision-making in sustainable society [2009]

  • UEDA, K, TAKENAKA, T, VANCZA, J, MONOSTORI, L, General Assembly of CIRP(59 ; Boston, Massachusetts, ; 2009-08-23), Assemblée Générale du CIRP(59 ; Boston, Massachusetts, ; 2009-08-23), and Collège international pour la recherche en productique (CIRP)/ International Academy for Production Engineering
  • 59th General Assembly of CIRP, Boston - USACIRP annals. 58(2):681-700
Subjects
Artefact, Artefacto, Coût fabrication, Manufacturing cost, Costo fabricación, Dilemme social, Social dilemma, Dilema social, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Histoire, History, Historia, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Mondialisation, Globalization, Globalización, Phénomène collectif, Collective process, Fenómeno colectivo, Prise de décision, Decision making, Toma decision, Réseau social, Social network, Red social, Sciences économiques, Economic sciences, Ciencias económicas, Système aide décision, Decision support system, Sistema ayuda decisíon, Valeur ajoutée, Added value, Valor añadido, Emergent synthesis, Sustainability, Value creation, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Recherche operationnelle. Gestion, Operational research. Management science, Recherche opérationnelle et modèles formalisés de gestion, Operational research and scientific management, Théorie de la décision. Théorie de l'utilité, Decision theory. Utility theory, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie sociale, Social psychology, Interactions sociales. Communication. Processus de groupe, Social interactions. Communication. Group processes, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Manufacturing exists to create value. However, historically, discussion of economic issues in manufacturing primarily emphasizes cost. It is becoming more difficult to understand and control values of products and services in response to rapid globalization and networking. This paper presents a discussion of the nature of value considering a history of axiology, design problems of artifacts, social dilemmas, network externalities, and sustainability. Promising academic methodologies are presented herein with emphasis on transdisciplinary and synthetic approaches. Value creation models based on Emergent Synthesis and co-creative decision-making are presented. This paper involves some important study examples of service and production toward sustainable value creation in society.

3. DSC measurements on sharks [2007]

  • SCHUBRING, Reinhard, KEMP, Richard B, LAMPRECHT, Ingolf, NORMANT, Monika, ISBC XIV Conference of the International Society for Biological Calorimetry(14 ; Sopot, ; 2006-06-02), and International Society for Biological Calorimetry (ISBC)
  • Heat exchange and energy transformations in living systems and biological materials: A collection of papers from the Fourteenth Conference of the International Society for Biological Calorimetry, Sopot, Poland, 2 to 6 June 2006Thermochimica acta. 458(1-2):124-131
Subjects
Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Animal, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Milieu marin, Marine environment, Medio marino, Muscle, Músculo, Peau, Skin, Piel, Requin, Shark, Tiburón, DSC, Heating of muscle, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ethologie animale, Animal ethology, Vertebrata, Agnatha et pisces, Agnatha and pisces, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Ethologie Animale, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Sharks are commonly termed fish, even though they are only distantly related to the classical (bony) fish. What differentiates a shark from a bony fish? Sharks have a spinal column and are thus vertebrates. However, their skeleton is not made of bones, but of cartilage, and together with their nearest relatives the rays and the chimeras they form the class of cartilaginous fish. Since the late 1980s trade in shark fin was considered to be one of the most valuable fishery products in the world. Another valuable shark product is cartilage. Shark meat has been used as food in coastal regions for over 5000 years. Small sharks are preferred for meat in many markets. In Germany, the belly flaps of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) are smoked as Schillerlocken, an expensive gourmet item. The question came up to us recently if we were able to detect whether shark muscle were heat-treated as in the case of smoking or not. Different tariffs for heated and untreated fishery products make it important for processors to label their products correctly. According to customs departments this necessitates investigations into whether the declaration of goods is true or not. Looking at the relevant literature, papers dealing with thermal stability of shark muscle were very scarce. Therefore, we decided to perform DSC measurements on a variety of shark using a SETARAM MicroDSC VII and to compare the DSC patterns obtained. Beside thermal stability the colour of different shark meats were also measured instrumentally. To answer the question of whether DSC measurement can differentiate previously heat treated sharks from those lacking this treatment, the cutlets from smooth-hound (Mustelus spp.) underwent thermal treatment in the range from 40 to 70 °C. DSC patterns of the shark muscle and the skin were used to observe the influence of heat treatment.

4. Adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetric determination of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine employing Nafion―carbon nanotube composite glassy carbon electrode [2011]

  • SANGHAVI, Bankim J and SRIVASTAVA, Ashwini K
  • Electrochimica acta. 56(11):4188-4196
Subjects
Inhibiteur recapture, Reuptake inhibitor, Inhibidor recaptura, Noradrénaline, Norepinephrine, Noradrenalina, Phénéthylamine dérivé, Phénéthylamine derivatives, Fenetilamina derivado, Sérotonine, Serotonin, Serotonina, Adsorption électrode, Electrode adsorption, Adsorción electrodo, Amine biogène, Biogenic amine, Amina biógena, Antidépresseur, Antidepressant agent, Antidepresor, Carbone, Carbon, Carbono, Catécholamine, Catecholamine, Catecolamina, Dèsvenlafaxine, Desvenlafaxine, Desvenlafaxina, Détecteur électrochimique, Electrochemical detector, Detector electroquímico, Détermination, Determination, Determinación, Electrode, Electrodes, Electrodo, Enrichissement électrochimique, Electrochemical enrichment, Enriquecimiento electroquímico, Etat vitreux, Glassy state, Estado vitreo, Ethylène(tétrafluoro) copolymère, Tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, Etileno(tetrafluoro) copolímero, Ionomère, Ionomer, Ionómero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Membrane échangeuse cation, Cation exchange membrane, Membrana cambiadora catiónica, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Neurotransmetteur, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmisor, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Sulfonate copolymère, Sulfonate copolymer, Sulfonato copolímero, Sympathomimétique, Sympathomimetic, Simpaticomimético, Venlafaxine, Venlafaxina, Voltampérométrie impulsion différentielle, Differential impulse voltamperometry, Voltamperimetría impulsión diferencial, Nafion, Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Méthodes de contrôle, Analysis, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant snc, antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique..., (maladie d'alzheimer), Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease), Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant SNC antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique…, Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
A Nafion-carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode (NAF-CNT-GCE) was developed for the determination of venlafaxine (VF) and desvenlafaxine (DVF). The electrochemical behavior of both these molecules was investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV). The surface morphology of the electrodes has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies revealed that the oxidation of VF and DVF is facilitated at NAF-CNT-GCE. After optimization of analytical conditions employing this electrode at pH 7.0 in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.05 M) for VF and pH 5.0 in acetate buffer (0.1 M) for DVF, the peak currents for both the molecules were found to vary linearly with their concentrations in the range of 3.81 x 10―8―6.22 x 10―5 M for VF and 5.33 x 10―8―3.58 × 10―5 M for DVF. The detection limits (S/N=3) of 1.24 x 10―8 and 2.11 × 10―8 M were obtained for VF and DVF, respectively, using AdSDPV. The prepared modified electrode showed several advantages, such as simple preparation method, high sensitivity, very low detection limits and excellent reproducibility. The proposed method was employed for the determination of VF and DVF in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and blood serum samples.

5. Thermal and microscope analysis as a tool in the characterisation of ancient papyri [2004]

  • FRANCESCHI, E, LUCIANO, G, CAROSI, F, CORNARA, L, MONTANARI, C, CONTINO, A, RIZZARELLI, E, RIALDI, G, and National Meeting on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical Thermodynamics(24 ; Catania, ; 2002-12-15)
  • XXIV National Meeting on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical ThermodynamicsThermochimica acta. 418(1-2):39-45
Subjects
Angiospermae, Cyperaceae, Monocotyledones, Spermatophyta, Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Archéologie, Archaeology, Arqueología, Cellulose, Celulosa, Cyperus papyrus, Microscopie optique, Optical microscopy, Microscopía óptica, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Objet ancien, Old object, Objeto antiguo, Structure surface, Surface structure, Estructura superficie, Papyrus, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Méthodes chimiques et thermiques, Chemical and thermal methods, Art et archeologie, Art and archaeology, Généralités, Generalities, Principes d'étude, Research principies, Méthodes, Methods, Méthodes de laboratoire, Laboratory technics, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Analyses of papyrus plants (Cyperus papyrus L.) from the Botanical Garden of the University of Genova and Ciane River (Siracusa) were used as a basis for the detection of histological features in papyrus paper. Both modern and ancient papyrus papers were analysed. Modern papyrus were manufactured at Museo del Papiro di Siracusa; two types of ancient papyrus (Egyptian and Greek-Roman, from Cairo Archaeological Museum) were studied. Sections of paper and plant stalks, taken 20 cm from the top, were examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The lignificated parts of both the plant and paper were either red (using acid flouroglucine) or blue-green (using Toluidine Blue) and were refracting under polarised light microscopy. Calcium oxalate crystals and starch granules were also detected. It was clear that the ancient Egyptian paper is richer in starch in comparison to the Roman one. It could be presumed that the Egyptian paper contains starch, a material which naturally occurs in the plant as a reserve. It was, in fact, preferably found in the residuals of the vascular bundle sheath. Microscope observations were compared with the results obtained by thermal and calorimetric analyses (TG and DSC). Thermal curves were different depending on which part of the plant was used to manufacture the papyrus and probably depend on the amount of cellulose and lignin present. Moreover, the Egyptian and Greek-Roman were also different in thermal behaviour.

6. Chemical-physical and mineralogical investigation on ancient mortars from the archaeological site of Monte Sannace (Bari-Southern Italy) [2004]

  • BRUNO, P, CALABRESE, D, DI PIERRO, M, GENGA, A, LAGANARA, C, MANIGRASSI, D. A. P, TRAINI, A, UBBRIACO, P, CONTINO, A, RIZZARELLI, E, RIALDI, G, and National Meeting on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical Thermodynamics(24 ; Catania, ; 2002-12-15)
  • XXIV National Meeting on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical ThermodynamicsThermochimica acta. 418(1-2):131-141
Subjects
Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Archéologie, Archaeology, Arqueología, Composition minéralogique, Mineralogical composition, Composición mineralógica, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Maçonnerie, Masonry, Mampostería, Mortier, Mortar, Mortero, Ancient mortars, Chemical characterisation, X-ray diffractometry, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Matériaux, Materials, Divers (bétons de résines, produits de réparation et d'entretien, etc.), Miscellaneous (including polymer concrete, repair and maintenance products, etc.), Art et archeologie, Art and archaeology, Généralités, Generalities, Principes d'étude, Research principies, Méthodes, Methods, Méthodes de laboratoire, Laboratory technics, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
This study concerns experimental results of a chemical-physical and mineralogical characterisation of some mortars, sampled by different masonries brought to light during excavations of the site of Monte Sannace. The aim of the research is to provide, through the characterisation of the mortar samples and the relative raw materials, useful information in order to define the stages of construction and the workers' technological knowledge during different historical periods. DTA/TG/DTG thermoanalytical investigations and X-ray diffractometry analyses can allow to define the nature of both the binder and aggregate materials. As regards a specific mortar with hydraulic behaviour such a study has allowed to recognise also the residual reactivity towards lime of the 'pozzolanic' sand, rich in volcanic ashes, used as aggregate in the original mortar. The thermoanalytical and X-ray diffractometric results together with the granulometric and chemical determinations allow to get information about the preparation techniques of binding materials of old masonries.

7. Topochemical investigation of ancient manuscripts [2001]

  • WAGNER, B, BULSKA, E, HULANICKI, A, HECK, M, ORTNER, H. M, CAMOES, Maria Filomena, Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry(11 ; Lisbon, ; 2000-09-03), and Federation of European Chemical Societies ; Division of Analytical Chemistry
  • Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry, Lisbon, Portugal, September 3-8, 2000Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry. 369(7-8):674-679
Subjects
Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Analyse microsonde électronique, Electron microprobe analysis, Analisis microsonda electronica, Analyse qualitative, Qualitative analysis, Análisis cualitativo, Analyse surface, Surface analysis, Análisis superficie, Cellulose, Celulosa, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Oeuvre art, Cultural artefact, Obra arte, Spectrométrie fluorescence RX, X ray fluorescence spectrometry, Espectrometría fluorescencia RX, Topochimie, Topochemistry, Topoquímica, Analyse physique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Méthodes spectrométriques et optiques, Spectrometric and optical methods, Art et archeologie, Art and archaeology, Généralités, Generalities, Principes d'étude, Research principies, Méthodes, Methods, Méthodes de laboratoire, Laboratory technics, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Various modern instrumental techniques for surface analysis were applied for the non-destructive physicochemical examination of works of art. As samples, pieces of ancient manuscripts endangered by iron-gall ink corrosion were used. Surface characterisation of the morphology of the cellulose fibres within corroded and non-corroded parts of the manuscript performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed seriously damaged cellulose fibres in the written parts. The elemental composition of selected parts of the manuscript was determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDX). A more detailed study of the paper surface was then performed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This technique yields the morphological characteristics of the surface as well as element distribution maps over the written area of the investigated manuscript.

8. Electrochemical analysis of the alterations in copper pigments using charge transfer coefficient/peak potential diagrams. application to microsamples of baroque wall paintings attached to polymer film electrodes [2001]

  • DOMENECH-CARBO, A, DOMENECH-CARBO, M. T, GIMENO-ADELANTADO, J. V, BOSCH-REIG, F, SAURI-PERIS, M. C, CASAS-CATALAN, M. J, CAMOES, Maria Filomena, Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry(11 ; Lisbon, ; 2000-09-03), and Federation of European Chemical Societies ; Division of Analytical Chemistry
  • Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry, Lisbon, Portugal, September 3-8, 2000Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry. 369(7-8):576-581
Subjects
Altération matériau, Material weathering, Alteración materiales, Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Analyse électrochimique, Electrochemical analysis, Análisis electroquímico, Electrode couche mince, Thin layer electrode, Electrodo capa fina, Microanalyse, Microanalysis, Microanálisis, Oeuvre art, Cultural artefact, Obra arte, Peinture, Paint, Pintura, Pigment, Pigments, Pigmento, Transfert charge, Charge transfer, Transferencia carga, Voltammétrie, Voltammetry, Voltametría, Art baroque, Peinture murale, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Méthodes électrochimiques, Electrochemical methods, Art et archeologie, Art and archaeology, Généralités, Generalities, Principes d'étude, Research principies, Méthodes, Methods, Méthodes de laboratoire, Laboratory technics, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
The alteration of copper pigments in art samples was studied by linear scan and cyclic voltammetry using sample-modified Elvacite 2044 film electrodes on the basis of two-dimensional diagrams of charge transfer coefficients calculated from Tafel plots of reductive dissolution processes VS. peak potential. Characteristic voltammetric peaks were obtained for pigments used in the baroque vault frescoes of the Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados painted by Antonio Palomino. Results obtained by voltammetric techniques were compared with those from SEM/EDX and FT-IR analysis obtaining a good agreement and leaving to an unambiguous identification of pigments used by Palomino and their alteration products.

9. Analytical study of canvas painting collection from the Basilica de la Virgen de los desamparados using SEM/EDX, FT-IR, GC and electrochemical techniques [2001]

  • DOMENECH-CARBO, M. T, CASAS-CATALAN, M. J, DOMENECH-CARBO, A, MATEO-CASTRO, R, GIMENO-ADELANTADO, J. V, BOSCH-REIG, F, CAMOES, Maria Filomena, Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry(11 ; Lisbon, ; 2000-09-03), and Federation of European Chemical Societies ; Division of Analytical Chemistry
  • Euroanalysis XI European Conference on Analytical Chemistry, Lisbon, Portugal, September 3-8, 2000Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry. 369(7-8):571-575
Subjects
Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Chromatographie phase gazeuse, Gas chromatography, Cromatografía fase gaseosa, Microanalyse, Microanalysis, Microanálisis, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Méthode différentielle, Differential method, Método diferencial, Oeuvre art, Cultural artefact, Obra arte, Peinture, Paint, Pintura, Spectrométrie IR, Infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría IR, Transformation Fourier, Fourier transformation, Transformación Fourier, Voltammétrie, Voltammetry, Voltametría, Art religieux, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Généralités, appareillage, General, instrumentation, Art et archeologie, Art and archaeology, Généralités, Generalities, Principes d'étude, Research principies, Méthodes, Methods, Méthodes de laboratoire, Laboratory technics, Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
A new method, based on the combined use of scanning electron microscopy-x-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography and differential pulse voltammetry, is proposed which permits a parallel investigation of organic and inorganic materials and the characterization of the artistic technique employed in canvas painting. The proposed method has led to analyze succesfully the canvas painting collection exhibited in the Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados (Valencia, Spain) which includes art works from 17th to 20th century.

10. Impact of the NSF state/industry/university Cooperative Research Center on low-cost, high-speed polymer composites processing on the research and educational programs at Michigan State University [2001]

  • HAWLEY, M, JAYARAMAN, K, STICKLEN, J, MOORE, B, DRZAL, L, MCCULLOUGH, R. L, CHAWLA, K. K, MORTENSEN, A, MANSON, J.-A. E, Processing of Fibers and Composites. Conference(Barga, ; 2000-05-21), and United Engineering Foundation (UEF)
  • Processing of Fibers and CompositesComposites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. 32(8):1175-1179
Subjects
Enseignement supérieur, Higher Education, Enseignement technologique, Technological Education, Ingénierie, Engineering, Programme de recherche, Research program, Université, University, Polymère, Sciences de l'éducation, Educational sciences, Organisation de l'enseignement, Educational organization, Généralités, General points, Higher education, Etats-Unis, Canada, United States, Canada, Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, and Polymères, industries des peintures et bois
Abstract
The objectives of the National Science Foundation (NSF) State of Michigan/Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on low-cost, high-speed polymer composites processing at Michigan State University (MSU) are design, development and deployment of technology and knowledge-based systems that will reduce costs of polymer composites processing by (a) insuring faster processes, (b) reducing component costs, and (c) reducing implementation times of new composite designs. Significant accomplishments have been made in research, education and technology transfer in the areas of novel processing, liquid molding, thermoplastic processing, intelligent design and process modeling, and interphases and joining. The Center's primary educational activities were supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology-Advanced Technology Program (NIST-ATP) with General Motors and General Electric, and the Technology Reinvestment Project (TRP) with the University of Delaware and the US Department of Defense. The Center's role in the four-year NIST-ATP was to disseminate injection-molded thermoplastics design methodologies to automotive, appliance, computer and other key US industries. The program enabled the Center to develop course material, a CD-ROM design manual, and workshop materials on state of the art thermoplastics design knowledge. To date, hundreds of individuals have participated in the workshops, and the material developed in this program is being integrated into undergraduate, graduate and continuing education offerings. The TRP program brought together the NSF Center at MSU and the composite materials center at the University of Delaware (UD) in a collaborative composite materials education and training effort for the Department of Defense and the durable goods industry. Educational developments included incorporation of knowledge derived from the TRP program into 49 new or existing engineering courses (23 at MSU and 26 at UD); six experiments for a new tea.

11. Education for a new millennium: an innovative program in fibers and films [2001]

  • JACOBI, Jane E, EDIE, Dan D, KENNEDY, John M, CHAWLA, K. K, MORTENSEN, A, MANSON, J.-A. E, Processing of Fibers and Composites. Conference(Barga, ; 2000-05-21), and United Engineering Foundation (UEF)
  • Processing of Fibers and CompositesComposites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. 32(8):1181-1184
Subjects
Enseignement assisté par ordinateur, Computer assisted instruction, Enseignement supérieur, Higher Education, Enseignement technologique, Technological Education, Informatique, Computer Science, Ingénierie, Engineering, Innovation pédagogique, Educational Innovation, Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (NTIC), New Information and Communication Technologies (NTIC), Sciences de l'éducation, Educational sciences, Moyen d'enseignement, Teaching aids, Enseignement automatisé, Automatic teaching, Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, and Polymères, industries des peintures et bois
Abstract
The composites of tomorrow will need to be developed in advanced engineering environments. This transformation to computer-based materials design requires a transformation of traditional engineering education programs. Students need training in systems design, simulation and visualization technologies, teamwork, and communication to function effectively in distributed, diverse, collaborative work environments. The programs being coordinated and implemented by CAEFF are designed to meet these challenges and constitute a paradigm shift in engineering education.

12. Self-excited oscillations of a string on an elastic foundation subject to a nonlinear feed-forward force [2010]

  • GOTTLIEB, O, COHEN, A, ANTUNES, José, and RIBEIRO, Pedro
  • SPECIAL ISSUE ON NON-LINEAR OSCILLATIONSInternational journal of mechanical sciences. 52(11):1535-1545
Subjects
Approximation asymptotique, Asymptotic approximation, Aproximación asintótica, Autoexcitation, Self excitation, Autoexcitación, Autooscillation, Selfoscillation, Autooscilación, Bifurcation, Bifurcación, Boucle anticipation, Feedforward, Ciclo anticipación, Cochlée, Cochlea, Cóclea, Condition non stationnaire, Non stationary condition, Condición no estacionaria, Corde, String, Cuerda, Effet non linéaire, Non linear effect, Efecto no lineal, Emission otoacoustique, Otoacoustic emission, Emisión otoacústica, Illusion auditive, Auditory illusion, Ilusión auditiva, Limite stabilité, Stability boundary, Límite estabilidad, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode échelle multiple, Multiscale method, Método escala múltiple, Oreille interne, Inner ear, Oido interno, Problème valeur initiale, Initial value problem, Problema valor inicial, Problème valeur limite, Boundary value problem, Problema valor limite, Psychoacoustique, Psychoacoustics, Psicoacústico, Solution périodique, Periodic solution, Solución periódica, Spontané, Spontaneous, Espontáneo, Structure périodique, Periodic structure, Estructura periódica, Système dynamique, Dynamical system, Sistema dinámico, Système ordre réduit, Reduced order systems, Tension mécanique, Mechanical tension, Tracción mecánica, Timbre, Sello, Trouble de l'audition, Auditory disorder, Trastorno auditivo, Bifurcation structure, Multiple-scale asymptotics, Nonlinear feed-forward, Quasiperiodic combination tones, Sell-excited oscillations, String on elastic foundation, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vertebres: systeme nerveux et organes des sens, Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs, Oreille et annexes. Voies et centres auditifs. Audition. Organe vocal. Phonation. Emissions sonores. Echolocation, Ear and associated structures. Auditory pathways and centers. Hearing. Vocal organ. Phonation. Sound production. Echolocation, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Perception, Audition, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
We investigate the self-excited oscillations of a string on an elastic foundation that is subject to a nonlinear feed-forward force. The feed-forward follows that of a model first proposed by Steele and Baker [1] for an active cochlear, and is due to the gain factor profile which depends on the string displacement. In order to determine the bifurcation structure induced by the nonlinear feed-forward mechanism, we formulate a taut string initial-boundary-value problem with periodic boundary conditions which is reduced to a finite order modal dynamical system. We employ an asymptotic multiple-scales method to obtain slowly varying evolution equations that enable an analytical derivation of the periodic system response and analysis of its orbital stability. The resulting bifurcation structure includes multiple regions of both stable and unstable coexisting periodic solutions defined by primary and secondary Hopf stability thresholds. Numerical verification of the bifurcation structure determines the accuracy of the analytically predicted periodic self-excited response and reveals the existence of quasiperiodic combination-tone solutions and complex nonstationary solutions that emerge in a range of the asymptotically predicted unstable solutions. This analysis enables construction of a comprehensive analytical bifurcation structure and may shed light on mechanisms governing complex multi-component spectra that have been documented for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the mammalian inner ear.

13. Interaction of triflupromazine with distearoylphosphatidylglycerol films studied by surface pressure isotherms and cyclic voltammetry at a 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface [2010]

  • COLQUI QUIROGA, Mónica V, MONZON, Lorena M. A, and YUDI, Lidia M
  • Electrochimica acta. 55(20):5840-5846
Subjects
Lipide complexe, Complex lipid, Lípido complejo, Phospholipide, Phospholipid, Fosfolípido, Couche monomoléculaire, Monolayer, Capa monomolecular, Dérivé de la phénothiazine, Phenothiazine derivatives, Fenotiazina derivado, Eau, Water, Agua, Ethane(1,2-dichloro), Fixation biologique, Biological fixation, Fijación biológica, Hétérocycle soufre azote, Sulfur nitrogen heterocycle, Heterociclo azufre nitrógeno, ITIES, Interface two immiscible electrolyte solution, Interaction moléculaire, Molecular interaction, Interacción molecular, Interface liquide liquide, Liquid liquid interface, Interfase líquido líquido, Isotherme Langmuir, Langmuir isotherm, Isoterma Langmuir, Isotherme adsorption, Adsorption isotherm, Isotermo adsorción, Liquide non miscible, Non miscible liquid, Líquido no miscible, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Phosphatidylcholine, Fosfatidilcolina, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Triflupromazine, Triflupromazina, Voltammétrie cyclique, Cyclic voltammetry, Voltametría cíclica, Glycérol(1,2-di-O-stéaroyl) phosphate(2-[triméthylammonio]éthyl), Anionic phospholipid monolayers, Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces, Phenothiazines, Surface pressure isotherms, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
The effect of triflupromazine (TFP) on molecular packing of distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG), adsorbed at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface, was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and surface pressure-molecular area isotherm. TFP partition in the DSPG monolayer changes the structure of the film. The results indicate that a fluidizing effect, dependent on the time and the drug concentration, takes place leading to an increase in the permeability of the film. This effect is produced by TFP either from the organic or from the aqueous phase due to the amphiphilic nature of this drug. Nevertheless, the expansion ofthe film is enhanced when TFP acts from the aqueous phase.

14. Thermoanalytical investigations on paper covers of social wasps [2000]

  • SCHMOLZ, E, BRÜDERS, N, DAUM, R, LAMPRECHT, I, FEIST, Michael, HEMMINGER, Wolfgang, Annual Meeting of the Gesellschaft für Thermische Analyse e.V. (GEFTA)(25 ; Weinheim, ; 1999-09-15), and Gesellschaft für Thermische Analyse e.V
  • 25 years of the GEFTA: A collection of papers for the 25th Annual Meeting of the Gesellschaft für Thermische Analyse e.V. (GEFTA), Weinheim, Germany, 15-17 September 1999Thermochimica acta. 361(1-2):121-129
Subjects
Aculeata, Arthropoda, Hymenoptera, Insecta, Invertebrata, Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Calorimétrie, Calorimetry, Calorimetría, Conductivité thermique, Thermal conductivity, Conductividad térmica, Insecte social, Social insect, Insecto social, Nid, Nest, Nido, Photographie IR, Infrared photography, Fotografía infrarroja, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Thermogravimétrie, Thermogravimetry, Termogravimetría, Vespidae, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ethologie animale, Animal ethology, Protozoa. Invertebrata, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Ethologie Animale, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Paper nests of wasps and hornets were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS), combustion calorimetry (CC) and some other biophysical techniques. Nests are constructed of thin paper layers (0.1 mm thick, area density 76.5 g m-2) formed of rotten wood and strengthened with saliva as adhesive. The nest material is water repellent with extremely low water content (about 3%). Paper nests establish a microclimate for the insect colony due to the good thermal insulation (heat conductivity 0.08-0.20 W (°C m)-1 comparable to that of some bird nests or of good natural and technical insulators. DSC and TG thermograms show that cellulose is the main component in the wasp paper offering high tensile strength against deformation and a low specific weight for light construction and easy transport.

15. Structural studies of cyclic ureas: 3. Enthalpy of formation of barbital [2009]

  • DAS DORES M. C. RIBEIRO DA SILVA, Maria, RIBEIRO DA SILVA, Manuel A. V, FREITAS, Vera L. S, VICTORIA ROUX, Maria, JIMENEZ, Pilar, TEMPRADO, Manuel, DAVALOS, Juan Z, CABILDO, Pilar, CLARAMUNT, Rosa M, and ELGUERO, José
  • Journal of chemical thermodynamics. 41(12):1400-1407
Subjects
Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Barbital, Barbituriques, Barbiturates, Barbitúricos, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Capacité calorifique, Heat capacity, Capacidad calorífica, Chaleur combustion, Heat of combustion, Calor combustión, Chaleur sublimation, Heat of sublimation, Calor sublimación, Dérivé de la pyrimidine, Pyrimidine derivatives, Pirimidina derivado, Effusion Knudsen, Knudsen effusion, Efusión Knudsen, Energie libre Gibbs, Gibbs free energy, Energía libre Gibbs, Energie libre formation, Formation free energy, Energía libre formación, Entropie, Entropy, Entropía, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Hypnotique, Hypnotic, Hipnótico, Méthode fonctionnelle densité, Density functional method, Pression vapeur, Vapor pressure, Presión vapor, Propriété thermique, Thermal properties, Propiedad térmica, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Sublimation, Sublimación, Sédatif, Sedative, Sedante, Transition phase, Phase transitions, Transición fase, Urées, Ureas, Calorimétrie combustion, Combustion calorimetry, Imidazolidine dérivé, B3LYP, Complete basis set CBS-QB3, Density functional methods B3P86 and, Enthalpy of combustion, Enthalpy of formation, Enthalpy of sublimation, Entropy of sublimation, G2 and G3 theories, Gibbs energy of sublimation, Heat capacities, Vapour pressure, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Thermodynamique chimique, Chemical thermodynamics, Propriétés thermodynamiques, Corps simples, composés minéraux et organiques, Elements, mineral and organic compounds, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Hypnotiques. Sédatifs, Hypnotics. Sedatives, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
A thermochemical and thermophysical study has been carried out for crystalline barbital [5,5'-diethyl-barbituric acid]. The thermochemical study was made by static bomb combustion calorimetry, from which the standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of the crystalline barbital, at T= 298.15 K, was derived as -(753.0 ± 1.8) kJ · mol-1. The thermophysical study was made by differential scanning calorimetry over the temperature interval (265 to 470) K. A solid-solid phase transition was found at T= 413.3 K. The vapour pressures of the crystalline barbital were measured at several temperatures between T= (355 and 377) K, by the Knudsen mass-loss effusion technique, from which the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation, at T=298.15K was derived as (117.3 ± 0.6) kJ · mol-1· The combination of the experimental results yielded the standard molar enthalpy of formation of barbital in the gaseous phase, at T= 298.15 K, as -(635.8 ± 1.9) kJ · mol-1. This value is compared and discussed with our theoretical calculations by several methods (Gaussian-n theories G2 and G3, complete basis set CBS-QB3, density functional B3P86 and B3LYP) by means of atomization and isodesmic reaction schemes.

16. Wide-end fibers and their adhesion performance in biological attachment systems [2009]

  • PARSAIYAN, Hady, BARAZANDEH, Farshad, SEYED MEHDI REZAEI, PARSAIYAN, Mahdy, and SAFDARI, Masoud
  • International journal of adhesion and adhesives. 29(4):444-450
Subjects
Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Biomimétique, Biomimetics, Contact mécanique, Mechanical contact, Contacto mecánico, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Rugosité, Roughness, Rugosidad, Structure fibrillaire, Fibrillar structure, Estructura fibrilar, Biomimetic, Contact mechanics, Fibrillar system, Rough surface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ethologie animale, Animal ethology, Protozoa. Invertebrata, Vertebrata, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Ethologie Animale, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, and Polymères, industries des peintures et bois
Abstract
Certain small creeping animals and insects generate the necessary adhesion force through the hairs of their feet. In addition to size, the shape of the fibrillar structures dramatically affects adhesion performance. One must develop a mathematical model to represent the relationship between the characteristics of fibers, surface roughness and adhesion quality. This paper provides a mathematical model and shows that wide-end fibrillar systems (WFS) are more compatible with variation in surface roughness. These systems adhere better than conventional systems with simple cylindrical fibers. The optimum geometry of fibers for maximum adhesion is discussed in this article. The obtained results are in good agreement with biological studies and are applicable to guide experimentation to achieve optimum artificial contacts.

17. Producer decision-making in markets with network externalities [2009]

  • UEDA, K, NISHINO, N, and TAKENAKA, T
  • CIRP annals. 58(1):413-416
Subjects
Information incomplète, Incomplete information, Información incompleta, Jeu simulation, Simulation game, Juego simulación, Phénomène collectif, Collective process, Fenómeno colectivo, Prise de décision, Decision making, Toma decision, Produit consommation, Consumer products, Produit nouveau, New product, Producto nuevo, Radiocommunication, Radio communication, Radiocomunicación, Réseau sans fil, Wireless network, Red sin hilo, Service web, Web service, Servicio web, Système aide décision, Decision support system, Sistema ayuda decisíon, Système incertain, Uncertain system, Sistema incierto, Système multiagent, Multiagent system, Sistema multiagente, Théorie jeu, Game theory, Teoría juego, Agent simulation, Network externality, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Recherche operationnelle. Gestion, Operational research. Management science, Recherche opérationnelle et modèles formalisés de gestion, Operational research and scientific management, Théorie des jeux, Théorie de la décision. Théorie de l'utilité, Decision theory. Utility theory, Informatique, automatique theorique, systemes, Computer science, control theory, systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie sociale, Social psychology, Interactions sociales. Communication. Processus de groupe, Social interactions. Communication. Group processes, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Markets with network externalities, by which more users make a product more valuable, such as mobile telephone and Internet service markets, have been growing rapidly. In such markets, the value of products is created through dynamic interaction among consumers and producers. This paper presents analyses of the mechanisms of their interaction in a market with network externalities, particularly addressing producers' decision-making. A simple decision-making model is constructed and examined using multi-agent simulation, game theoretic analysis, and experiments using human subjects. Results show that incomplete information among consumers might encourage new product market growth. Additionally, we discuss producer strategies for a product introduction plan, comparing results with real world data.

18. Effects of solubilization of short and medium-chain molecules in the self-assembly of two amphiphilic drugs in solution [2009]

  • BARBOSA, Silvia, MOHAMMAD ARIF CHEEMA, SIDDIQ, Mohammad, TABOADA, Pablo, and MOSQUERA, Victor
  • Journal of chemical thermodynamics. 41(2):175-183
Subjects
Composé tricyclique, Tricyclic compound, Compuesto tricíclico, Antidépresseur, Antidepressant agent, Antidepresor, Autoassemblage, Self assembly, Autoensamble, Chaîne moyenne, Medium chain, Cadena media, Clomipramine, Clomipramina, Coefficient partage, Partition coefficient, Coeficiente repartición, Composé amphiphile, Amphiphilic compound, Compuesto anfifílico, Compressibilité, Compressibility, Compresibilidad, Dérivé de la dibenzoazépine, Dibenzazepine derivatives, Dibenzoazepina derivado, Grandeur apparente, Apparent quantity, Tamaño aparente, Imipramine, Imipramina, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Solubilisation, Solubilization, Solubilización, Volume molaire, Molar volume, Volumen molar, Dibenzo[b,f]azépine dérivé, Antidepressant, Apparent volume, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant snc, antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique..., (maladie d'alzheimer), Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease), Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant SNC antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique…, Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
The effect of short and medium chain length alcohols ethanol, propanol, and butanol on the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of the ionic amphiphilic antidepressants imipramine and clomipramine hydrochlorides has been investigated at T= 293 K. Critical concentrations of the drugs were obtained from ultrasound velocity measurements. Experimental results have shown a strong dependence of the ultrasound velocity with the alcohol concentration and chain length. Differences in the aggregate properties of both amphiphiles arise from the presence of the extra Cl- substituent on the ring system of clomipramine. Density and ultrasound measurements have been used to obtain the apparent molar volumes, Vy, and isentropic apparent molar compressibilities, Ky(s), for the aqueous drug/water-alcohol solutions. The distribution coefficient of the amount solubilized between water and the aggregates, K, has been determined using an indirect method based on the pseudo-phase model by using apparent molar volume values. This method allows the calculation of the distribution coefficients at concentrations below saturation. The standard molar Gibbs free energy change on transfer from the aqueous to the micellar, ΔG°, phase was calculated from the partition coefficient. The results have highlighted the structural differences between both amphiphiles.

19. Study and characterization by thermoanalysis of statues and fictile finds of different historical and prehistoric ages [1998]

  • CAMPANELLA, L, FLAMINI, P, GROSSI, R, TOMASSETTI, M, FERLONI, P, GIANNI, P, National Meeting of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis(18 ; Pavia, ; 1996-12-16), and Satellite Symposium on Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods of Investigation and Intervention(Torino, ; 1996-12-16)
  • XVIII Italian national conference on calorimetry and thermal analysis and satellite meeting on cultural heritageThermochimica acta. 321(1-2):167-174
Subjects
Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Composition, Evolution, Technologie, Technology, Terre cuite, Terracotta, Prehistoire et protohistoire, Prehistory and protohistory, Méthodologie et études générales, Methodology and general studies, Typologie, technologie et analyse d'attribut, Typology, technology and attribute analysis, Industrie céramique, Ceramics, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage
Abstract
Several general instrumental methods (in particular, those involving thermal analyses - TG, DTA and TMA) were used to analyze a number of terracotta materials from different periods (prehistoric, Roman, Renaissance). The information obtained enabled factors related to certain evolutionary trends in terracotta technology to be identified. Considerable importance was attached to determining characteristics providing information regarding several terracotta processing and production technologies in the various historical periods and geographical areas considered. The parameters best suited to this type of investigation were also investigated and identified.

20. Development and use of layered ferrous microstructure [1998]

  • CHARLES, J. A, CLYNE, Bill, Layered Structural materials '97(London, ; 1997-11-28), and Institute of Materials. Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
  • Layered structural materials '97. ConferenceMaterials science and technology. 14(6):496-503
Subjects
Acier double phase, Dual phase steel, Acero doble fase, Dualphasenstahl, Acier ferrito martensitique, Ferritic martensitic steel, Acero ferrito martensítico, Ferritisch martensitischer Stahl, Arme, Weapon, Arma, Waffe, Aspect historique, Historical aspects, Elaboration acier, Steelmaking, Fabricación acero, Stahlherstellung, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Experimentelle Untersuchung, Forgeage, Forging, Forja, Schmieden, Inclusion, Inclusión, Einschluss, Macrostructure, Macroestructúra, Makrogefuege, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Pureté, Purity, Pureza, Reinheit, Structure lamellaire, Lamellar structure, Estructura lamelar, Lamellargefuege, Ségrégation, Segregation, Segregación, Seigerung, Acier austénito martensitique, Austenite martensite steel, Fer au bois, Bloomery iron, Macrocomposite, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Elaboration des métaux, Production of metals, Elaboration des métaux ferreux, Iron and steel making, Autres procédés d'élaboration de l'acier et du fer pur, Other methods of steel making and pure ironmaking, Techniques de l'ingénieur appliqués à la métallurgie. Applications. Divers, Engineering techniques in metallurgy. Applications. Other aspects, Applications, Divers, Others applications, Histoire des sciences et des techniques, History of science and technology, Sciences et techniques physiques, Physical sciences and techniques, Histoire, History, Généralités, General points, Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, and Physique de l'état condensé
Abstract
The method by which bloomery iron was agglomerated into usable artefacts by forge welding, piling, and reforging gate a layered microstructure. This was not only associated with the directionality of residual slag inclusions, but also related to variation in solute concentration, which became directional. This variation could originate in the bloom, or it could be developed by the partitioning of solutes. such as phosphorus between coexisting high temperature phases. The oxidation enrichment of solutes such as Ni and As in individual surfaces, before forging together, could also lead to a layered microstructure being produced. On a larger scale, the deliberates use of differently sourced irons to make a composite product could also generate a sandwich structure. Although many early iron artefacts contain substantial amounts of phosphorus overall, the layered microstructures that phosphorus segregation generates may have offset the embrittling effect that could at herwise be expected in the presence of some carbon. The purposeful selection of high phosphorus iron (identified from effect and source) for the backs of knives, etc., could have been intended to keep a stable, high carbon content in the steel edge to which the iron was welded. The final distribution of carbon in such a forged, banded microstructure is responsible fior the pattern welding or damascening of sword blades where controlled forging, folding, and twisting is carried out, the variation in hardness and etching characteristics enabling a desired pattern to be revealed at the final surface. Banded or layered microstructures also occur in wrought steels produced froitt cast ingots, which have variation in concentration of solutes (e.g. phosphorus) originating solidification microsegregution. This segregation was also significant in the development of dual phase steels, of importancefor the production of car bodies. where the use of an intercritical quench results in banded martensite ferrite microstr.

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