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Antipsychotique, Antipsychotic, Antipsicótico, Carbone, Carbon, Carbono, Clozapine, Clozapina, Détecteur électrochimique, Electrochemical detector, Detector electroquímico, Electrode pâte, Paste electrode, Electrodo pasta, Matériau modifié, Modified material, Material modificado, Mesure simultanée, Simultaneous measurement, Medición simultánea, Médicament, Drug, Medicamento, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Titane IV Oxyde, Titanium IV Oxides, Titanio IV Óxido, Voltammétrie, Voltammetry, Voltametría, Voltampérométrie impulsion différentielle, Differential impulse voltamperometry, Voltamperimetría impulsión diferencial, Differential pulse voltammetry, Modified carbon paste electrode, Thioridazine, TiO2 nanoparticles, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Electrochimie, Electrochemistry, Généralités, General, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage

A new carbon paste electrode chemically modified withTiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NP-MCPE) is constructed and used for the selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of trace amounts of clozapine (CLZ). The effect of carbon paste composition, working solution pH and scan rate were studied with this modified electrode. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the carbon paste increased the available surface area of the electrode and improved the sensitivity by enhancing peak currents. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode and the mechanism of the oxidation of CLZ were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). From the slope of the Tafel plot the α value was found 0.57. Using adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry (AD-DPV) at optimum parameters a linear dynamic range of 0.5-45 μM clozapine was observed with detection limit of 61.0 nM. In addition, the CLZ and thioridazine were determined simultaneously using TiO2NP-MCPE in AD-DPV. In AD-DPV measurements, used TiO2NP-MCPE, the oxidation peak potentials of CLZ and thioridazine was separated about 260 mV. The voltammograms showed two anodic peaks at 370 and 630 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, corresponding to the oxidation of CLZ and thioridazine, respectively. Finally, this method was used for determination of CLZ in clozapine tablets with satisfactory results.

Dérivé de la dibenzothiazépine, Dibenzothiazepine derivatives, Dibenzotiazepina derivado, Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Compatibilité, Compatibility, Compatibilidad, Composé tricyclique, Tricyclic compound, Compuesto tricíclico, Excipient, Vehicle(excipient), Excipiente(vehiculo), Forme libération contrôlée, Controlled release form, Forma liberación controlada, Forme pharmaceutique, Dosage form, Forma farmacéutica, Hypnotique, Hypnotic, Hipnótico, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Quétiapine, Quetiapine, Quetiapina, Spectrométrie IR, Infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría IR, Tranquillisant, Tranquillizer, Tranquilizante, Transformation Fourier, Fourier transformation, Transformación Fourier, FT IR, Fumarate, DSC, FT-IR, Quetiapine fumarate, Sustained release, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Technologie pharmaceutique. Industrie pharmaceutique, Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, and Chimie générale, chimie physique

The drug-excipient compatibility study of quetiapine fumarate, with widely used sustained release excipients, was carried out employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The selected excipients were HPMC K100M, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, Eudragit RSPO, hydrogenated castor oil, carnauba wax, and PEO WSR 303. Equal proportion of drug and excipients was utilized in the interaction study. FT-IR spectra indicated the absence of interaction between drug and excipients. The DSC curve showed a sharp endothermic melting peak at 173.26 °C for quetiapine fumarate. Post melting interaction was observed for carnauba wax, Eudragit RSPO, and hydrogenated castor oil probably due to solubilization of drug in the melted excipient. No interaction was observed for other excipients. The physical mixtures stored at 30 ± 2 °C/65 ±5% RH did not show any significant degradation of the drug. The concept of systemically conducted preformulation studies will facilitate dossier submission to the drug control authority.

Arago (F.), Biot (J. B.), Canne à sucre, Sugar cane, Caña de azucar, Sucre, Sugar, Azúcar, Abolition de l'esclavage, Glucose, Jacques Arago, Plantation, Polarimétrie, Rotation optique, Saccharimétrie, Second Empire, François Arago, Jean-Baptiste Biot, history of science, optical rotation, saccharimetry, Histoire des sciences et des techniques, History of science and technology, Sciences et techniques physiques, Physical sciences and techniques, Histoire, History, XIXe siècle, 19th century, Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Atomic molecular physics, Physique atomique et moléculaire, Condensed state physics, and Physique de l'état condensé

The year 2011 is the bicentennial of François Arago's discovery of optical rotation. The immediate usurpation of the study of optical activity by Jean-Baptiste Biot led to the first well-known judgments of the arrangements of atoms in space. Scientists are less aware that Arago achieved something far greater than his contributions to optics, by signing the 1848 decree that abolished slavery throughout the French Empire. Opposing attitudes of Arago and Biot toward abolition, foreshadowed in their early rift over optical rotation, were surprisingly exposed in mid-century developments in chiroptics. As shown in a recent book by Levitt, Arago sought a reinvention of the whole colonial plantation system consistent with Republican principles, while Biot tried to place the cane sugar industry and slave-based economy on the quantitative foundation of saccharimetry. A reevaluation of the circumstances of abolition can celebrate both societal evolution and optical rotation on the 200th birthday of the latter. Episodes from Arago's life that arguably created his predisposition toward abolition are emphasized: He was imprisoned several times as a young man and knew the loss of liberty, his brother Jacques witnessed slavery in Brazil and advocated abolition in travel books prepared with François, and finally, in writing the biography of the Marquis de Condorcet, the spirit behind the first, albeit impermanent French abolition of slavery in 1794, Arago found proof of concept for his comparable challenge. Curiously, the measurement of the optical rotation of crystals and sugar, the foci of Arago and Biot, respectively, remain among the greatest challenges in polarimetry. Current developments are reviewed with respect to chiroptical anisotropy and in vivo glucose detection driven by the pandemic of diabetes, a disease diagnosed polarimetrically by Biot that claimed the life of Arago.

Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Citation, Citación, Facteur impact, Impact factor, Factor impacto, Littérature scientifique, Scientific literature, Literatura científica, Science information, Information science, Ciencia información, Best cited papers, Quotation responses, Thermoanalytical journals, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Etude d'ensemble, Library and information science. General aspects, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie. Evaluation, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics. Evaluation, Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics, General chemistry, physical chemistry, and Chimie générale, chimie physique

Extent of citation is analysed and the best citied papers mentioned accentuating Journal of Thermal analysis and Thermochimica Acta. The relevant scope of papers is uncovered and some viewpoints are shown. The sphere of kinetics appears the most cited subject matter.

Dérivé de la phénothiazine, Phenothiazine derivatives, Fenotiazina derivado, Analyse thermodynamique, Thermodynamic analysis, Análisis termodinámico, Corrélation, Correlation, Correlación, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Fluphénazine, Fluphenazine, Flufenazina, Modèle mathématique, Mathematical model, Modelo matemático, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Propanediol, Propanodiol, Propriété physicochimique, Physicochemical properties, Propiedad fisicoquímica, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Prédiction, Prediction, Predicción, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Solubilité, Solubility, Solubilidad, Solvant hydroorganique, Hydroorganic solvent, Solvente hidroorgánico, Solvant mixte, Mixed solvent, Disolvente mixto, Fluphénazine décanoate, Fluphenazine decanoate, Thermodynamics, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, and Chimie générale, chimie physique

Solubilities of fluphenazine decanoate (FD) in binary mixtures of propylene glycol + water (PG + W) at 293.2, 298.2, 303.2, 308.2, and 313.2 K are reported. The combination of Jouyban-Acree model and van't Hoff equation is used to predict the solubility of FD in a given solvent mixture at different temperatures. The thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy standard changes of solutions) for FD in PG + W mixtures are calculated from solubility data using the modified version of van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. The results show that Jouyban―Acree model can predict the solubility of FD in PG + W mixtures as a function of temperature over the studied temperature range. The study represents the first time that thermodynamic properties of solutes dissolved in binary solvent mixtures have been described by the Jouyban―Acree model. The calculated values are in good agreement with the measured experimental data.

Agoniste, Agonist, Agonista, Opiacés, Opiates, Opiados, Récepteur gabaergique A, Gabaergic receptor A, Receptor gabaminérgico A, Stimulant gabaergique, Gabaergic agonist, Estimulante gabaérgico, Alcaloïde, Alkaloid, Alcaloide, Alcool, Alcohol, Analgésique narcotique, Narcotic analgesic, Analgésico narcotico, Analyse factorielle, Factor analysis, Análisis factorial, Analyse statistique, Statistical analysis, Análisis estadístico, Antitussif, Antitussive agent, Antitusivo, Butorphanol, Butorfanol, Carboxamide, Carboxamida, Chimiométrie, Chemometrics, Quimiometría, Constante dissociation, Dissociation constant, Constante disociación, Dérivé de l'imidazopyridine, Imidazopyridine derivatives, Imidazopiridina derivado, Dérivé du morphinane, Morphinan derivatives, Morphinano derivado, Hypnotique, Hypnotic, Hipnótico, Propriété chimique, Chemical properties, Propiedad química, Prédiction, Prediction, Predicción, Régression non linéaire, Non linear regression, Regresión no lineal, Spectrophotométrie, Spectrophotometry, Espectrofotometría, Sédatif, Sedative, Sedante, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Zolpidem, pHmétrie, pH metering, pHmetría, Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine dérivé, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Analgésiques, Analgesics, Hypnotiques. Sédatifs, Hypnotics. Sedatives, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Chemical engineering, and Génie chimique

The mixed dissociation constants of two drugs—butorphanol and zolpidem—at temperatures of (25 and 37) °C were determined with the use of multiwavelength and multivariate treatments of spectral data using SPECFIT/32 and SQUAD(84) nonlinear regression. The factor analysis in the INDICES program predicts the correct number of components, that is, the number of dissociated and nondissociated forms of the molecules studied. The thermodynamic dissociation constant pKTa was estimated by nonlinear regression of {pKaT I} data at (25 and 37) °C: for butorphanol pKTa,1 = 9.46(1) and 8.99(3) and pKTa,2 = 9.64(2) and 9.34(3); for zolpidem pKTa,1 = 6.33(3) and 6,14(1), where the standard deviation in last significant digits is in parentheses. The proposed procedure involves chemical model building, calculating the concentration profiles, and fitting the protonation constants of the chemical model to multiwavelength and multivariate data measured. If the proposed protonation model represents the data adequately, the residuals should form a random pattern with a normal distribution N(0, s2), with the residual mean equal to zero, and the standard deviation of residuals being near to experimental noise. PALLAS and MARVIN predict pKa based on the structural formulas of drug compounds in agreement with the experimental value.

Biographie, Biography, Biografía, Excimère, Excimer, Excímero, Fluorescence, Fluorescencia, FRET, Theodor Förster, Transfert d'énergie par résonance de Förster, Förster resonance energy transfer, excimers, fluorescence, scientific biography, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie generale et chimie physique, General and physical chemistry, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Histoire des sciences et des techniques, History of science and technology, Sciences et techniques physiques, Physical sciences and techniques, Chimie physique, Physical chemistry, Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjects, Nanotechnologies, nanostructures, nanoobjets, Atomic molecular physics, Physique atomique et moléculaire, Condensed state physics, and Physique de l'état condensé

Inhibiteur recapture, Reuptake inhibitor, Inhibidor recaptura, Noradrénaline, Norepinephrine, Noradrenalina, Phénéthylamine dérivé, Phénéthylamine derivatives, Fenetilamina derivado, Sérotonine, Serotonin, Serotonina, Adsorption électrode, Electrode adsorption, Adsorción electrodo, Amine biogène, Biogenic amine, Amina biógena, Antidépresseur, Antidepressant agent, Antidepresor, Carbone, Carbon, Carbono, Catécholamine, Catecholamine, Catecolamina, Dèsvenlafaxine, Desvenlafaxine, Desvenlafaxina, Détecteur électrochimique, Electrochemical detector, Detector electroquímico, Détermination, Determination, Determinación, Electrode, Electrodes, Electrodo, Enrichissement électrochimique, Electrochemical enrichment, Enriquecimiento electroquímico, Etat vitreux, Glassy state, Estado vitreo, Ethylène(tétrafluoro) copolymère, Tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, Etileno(tetrafluoro) copolímero, Ionomère, Ionomer, Ionómero, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Membrane échangeuse cation, Cation exchange membrane, Membrana cambiadora catiónica, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Nanostructure, Nanoestructura, Nanotube carbone, Carbon nanotubes, Neurotransmetteur, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmisor, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Sulfonate copolymère, Sulfonate copolymer, Sulfonato copolímero, Sympathomimétique, Sympathomimetic, Simpaticomimético, Venlafaxine, Venlafaxina, Voltampérométrie impulsion différentielle, Differential impulse voltamperometry, Voltamperimetría impulsión diferencial, Nafion, Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Méthodes de contrôle, Analysis, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant snc, antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique..., (maladie d'alzheimer), Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease), Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant SNC antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique…, Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage

A Nafion-carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode (NAF-CNT-GCE) was developed for the determination of venlafaxine (VF) and desvenlafaxine (DVF). The electrochemical behavior of both these molecules was investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV). The surface morphology of the electrodes has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies revealed that the oxidation of VF and DVF is facilitated at NAF-CNT-GCE. After optimization of analytical conditions employing this electrode at pH 7.0 in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.05 M) for VF and pH 5.0 in acetate buffer (0.1 M) for DVF, the peak currents for both the molecules were found to vary linearly with their concentrations in the range of 3.81 x 10―8―6.22 x 10―5 M for VF and 5.33 x 10―8―3.58 × 10―5 M for DVF. The detection limits (S/N=3) of 1.24 x 10―8 and 2.11 × 10―8 M were obtained for VF and DVF, respectively, using AdSDPV. The prepared modified electrode showed several advantages, such as simple preparation method, high sensitivity, very low detection limits and excellent reproducibility. The proposed method was employed for the determination of VF and DVF in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and blood serum samples.

Dérivé de la benzodiazépine, Benzodiazepine derivatives, Benzodiazepina derivado, Dérivé de la triazine, Triazine derivatives, Triazina derivado, Anticonvulsivant, Anticonvulsant, Anticonvulsivante, Cellulose(carboxyméthyl), Cellulose(carboxymethyl), Celulosa(carboximetil), Diazépam, Diazepam, Hydrosolubilité, Water solubility, Hidrosolubilidad, Hypnotique, Hypnotic, Hipnótico, Lamotrigine, Lamotrigina, Propanediol, Propanodiol, Propriété physicochimique, Physicochemical properties, Propiedad fisicoquímica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Solubilité, Solubility, Solubilidad, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Tranquillisant, Tranquillizer, Tranquilizante, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Anticonvulsivants. Antiépileptiques. Antiparkinsoniens, Anticonvulsants. Antiepileptics. Antiparkinson agents, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Chemical engineering, and Génie chimique

The simultaneous effects of propylene glycol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the solubility of two antiepileptic drugs, 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine (commonly known as lamotrigine) and 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (commonly known as diazepam), at T = 298.2 K were investigated. The aqueous solubility of drugs in the presence of propylene glycol and different concentrations of CMC [(0.02, 0.2, 1, and 2) g·L-1] increased. The data were fit to a modified version of the Jouyban-Acree model for modeling the simultaneous effects of the cosolvent and polymer on the solubility of drugs. The overall mean relative deviation (MRD) was 15.8 %, and the solubilities of drugs could be predicted at different propylene glycol and CMC concentrations using an interpolation technique.

Lactame, Lactam, Lactamo, Nootrope, Nootropic agent, Nootropo, Piracétam, Piracetam, Propriété physicochimique, Physicochemical properties, Propiedad fisicoquímica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Solubilité, Solubility, Solubilidad, Solvant organique, Organic solvent, Solvente orgánico, Stabilité structurale, Structure stability, Estabilidad estructural, Structure physique, Physical structure, Estructura física, Transformation polymorphique, Polymorphic transformation, Transformación polimorfa, Pyrrolidine-1-acétamide dérivé, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant snc, antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique..., (maladie d'alzheimer), Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease), Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant SNC antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique…, Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Chemical engineering, and Génie chimique

The polymorph known as Form III of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (piracetam) was isolated by cooling crystallization from methanol and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Form III is the thermodynamically stable polymorph of piracetam in the range of this solubility study. The solubility of Form III was determined by gravimetrically measuring the amount of Form III which was contained in a volume of saturated solution over the temperature range (278 to 323) K, following evaporation of the solvent. Five solvents were examined: methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane. The results showed that the solubility values correlated positively with solvent polar characteristics from a qualitative point of view; an increase in solubility of Form III was observed with increasing solvent polarity and solvent acidity. As the number of carbons in the n-alcohols increases, the polarity of the solvent and its hydrogen donation ability decreases and so does the solubility of Form III in the solvent. 1,4-Dioxane and acetone are relatively nonpolar and non-hydrogen bond donating solvents compared to the n-alcohols, and accordingly Form III is much less soluble in these.

Analyse thermique, Thermal analysis, Análisis térmico, Antidépresseur, Antidepressant agent, Antidepresor, Calorimétrie différentielle balayage, Differential scanning calorimetry, Análisis calorimétrico barrido exploración, Dérivé de la pipérazine, Piperazine derivatives, Piperazina derivado, Etat cristallin, Crystalline state, Estado cristalino, Fluor Composé organique, Fluorine Organic compounds, Fluor Compuesto orgánico, Fusion, Melting, Fusión, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Médicament, Drug, Medicamento, Phase amorphe, Amorphous phase, Fase amorfa, Polymorphisme, Polymorphism, Polimorfismo, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Structure surface, Surface structure, Estructura superficie, Urées, Ureas, GW 597599B, Modulation température, DSC, Double melting, Enantiotropy, TMDSC, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant snc, antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique..., (maladie d'alzheimer), Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease), Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psychoanaleptiques: stimulant SNC antidépresseur, nootrope, normothymique…, Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, and Chimie générale, chimie physique

The thermodynamic properties of a new antidepressant drug are studied from room temperature to 200 °C. In this range, the sample neither decompose, nor has a significant reactivity with water. When slowly heating a fresh sample, we may observe the following phenomena (in the order): melting of a form (F1, ~ 170 °C), crystallization of a structurally different form (F2), and melting of F2 (~180 °C). In no circumstances, the direct transition from F1 to F2 can be observed. On the other hand, F2 reverts to F1 upon cooling below ~130 °C. A glassy phase is formed upon cooling from above 180 °C, as confirmed by X-ray analysis and the appearance of a glass transition when reheating. The reversible (e.g., melting) and irreversible (e.g., glass formation) contributions to the measured enthalpies are estimated with temperature-modulated DSC measurements, resulting into a consistent description of thermodynamics of the forms, their melting and their kinetics of transformation.

Additif, Additive, Aditivo, Agent surface, Surfactant, Agente superficie, Alcool, Alcohol, Chlorhydrate, Hydrochlorides, Hidrocloruro, Chlorpromazine, Clorpromazina, Composé amphiphile, Amphiphilic compound, Compuesto anfifílico, Dérivé de la phénothiazine, Phenothiazine derivatives, Fenotiazina derivado, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Point trouble, Cloud point, Punto enturbamiento, Polymère vecteur, Control release polymer, Polímero vector, Propriété thermodynamique, Thermodynamic properties, Propiedad termodinámica, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Pyrrolidone(vinyl) polymère, Pyrrolidone(vinyl) polymer, Pirrolidona(vinil) polímero, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Propriétés physicochimiques. Relations structure activité, Physicochemical properties. Structure-activity relationships, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Chemical engineering, and Génie chimique

An amphiphilic drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ), a phenothiazine with neuroleptic activity, undergoes clouding phenomena, which depend upon the physicochemical conditions (e.g., concentration, pH, temperature, etc.). The clouding components release their solvated water and separate out from the solution. Therefore, the cloud point (CP) of an amphiphile can be considered as the limit of its solubility. Herein, we report the energetics of clouding in CPZ in the presence of additives (viz., alcohols, surfactants, and polymers). The standard Gibbs energy change of solubilization (ΔG0s) for all of the additives is found to be positive. However, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH0s) and the product of the temperature and the standard entropy change (TΔS0s) values are negative as well as positive, depending upon the type and nature of the additive, and the results are discussed on the basis of these factors.

Lipide complexe, Complex lipid, Lípido complejo, Phospholipide, Phospholipid, Fosfolípido, Couche monomoléculaire, Monolayer, Capa monomolecular, Dérivé de la phénothiazine, Phenothiazine derivatives, Fenotiazina derivado, Eau, Water, Agua, Ethane(1,2-dichloro), Fixation biologique, Biological fixation, Fijación biológica, Hétérocycle soufre azote, Sulfur nitrogen heterocycle, Heterociclo azufre nitrógeno, ITIES, Interface two immiscible electrolyte solution, Interaction moléculaire, Molecular interaction, Interacción molecular, Interface liquide liquide, Liquid liquid interface, Interfase líquido líquido, Isotherme Langmuir, Langmuir isotherm, Isoterma Langmuir, Isotherme adsorption, Adsorption isotherm, Isotermo adsorción, Liquide non miscible, Non miscible liquid, Líquido no miscible, Neuroleptique, Neuroleptic, Neuroléptico, Phosphatidylcholine, Fosfatidilcolina, Psychotrope, Psychotropic, Psicotropo, Triflupromazine, Triflupromazina, Voltammétrie cyclique, Cyclic voltammetry, Voltametría cíclica, Glycérol(1,2-di-O-stéaroyl) phosphate(2-[triméthylammonio]éthyl), Anionic phospholipid monolayers, Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces, Phenothiazines, Surface pressure isotherms, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Neuropharmacologie, Neuropharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique., Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic., Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychopharmacologie, Psychopharmacology, Psycholeptiques: tranquillisant, neuroleptique…, Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic…, General chemistry, physical chemistry, Chimie générale, chimie physique, Metallurgy, welding, and Métallurgie, soudage

The effect of triflupromazine (TFP) on molecular packing of distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG), adsorbed at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface, was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and surface pressure-molecular area isotherm. TFP partition in the DSPG monolayer changes the structure of the film. The results indicate that a fluidizing effect, dependent on the time and the drug concentration, takes place leading to an increase in the permeability of the film. This effect is produced by TFP either from the organic or from the aqueous phase due to the amphiphilic nature of this drug. Nevertheless, the expansion ofthe film is enhanced when TFP acts from the aqueous phase.