Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Absentéisme, Absenteeism, Ausentismo, Analyse multivariable, Multivariate analysis, Análisis multivariable, Analyse statistique, Statistical analysis, Análisis estadístico, Aspect social, Social aspect, Aspecto social, Durée, Duration, Duración, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Homme, Human, Hombre, Incidence, Incidencia, Morbidité, Morbidity, Morbilidad, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Questionnaire, Cuestionario, Sexe, Sex, Sexo, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Condition de travail. Performance. Stress, Work condition. Job performance. Stress, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Médecine du travail, Occupational medicine, Divers, Miscellaneous, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, and Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail

Aims: In 1993, a qualifying day without sickness benefit was introduced to the Swedish sickness benefit system. The aim of the present study is to investigate sickness absenteeism before and after the introduction of the qualifying day, in the light of conditions inside and outside working life. Methods: The study was based on 1,952 female and 2,229 male employees of Sweden Post. Sickness absence was measured by sickness incidence one year before and one year after the introduction of the qualifying day (sick-leave events/person days at risk). Information about explanatory factors was collected by a postal questionnaire in 1994. Results: A decrease in sickness incidence was observed after the introduction of the qualifying day as well as an increase in the mean duration of sick-leave events. The proportion of long-term sick-leave events (15-365 days) increased; among men this increase was also found in absolute terms. There were no suggestions of economy being an important determinant for reduced sickness incidence. Women with long-term or serious disease did not show a reduction of sickness incidence to the same extent as those without disease, and for men a coherent result was observed. Men with heavy lifting at work more often showed an increase in incidence compared to men without heavy lifting, and the same tendency was found for women. Conclusion: The reduction in sickness incidence following the introduction of the qualifying day was fairly independent of different work-related and non-work-related factors. The impact of the qualifying day differed depending on health status and the physical workload.

Alcoolisme, Alcoholism, Alcoholismo, Biais méthodologique, Methodological bias, Ruta metodológica, Collecte donnée, Data gathering, Recolección dato, Enquête, Survey, Encuesta, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Homme, Human, Hombre, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Toxicomanie, Drug addiction, Toxicomanía, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Techniques et méthodes, Techniques and methods, Méthodologie. Expérimentation, Methodology. Experimentation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie, Toxicology, and Toxicologie

Because mailed surveys minimize personal contact, they are useful for collecting sensitive data on substance use, as long as the problems of achieving adequate response rates can be conquered. To address these issues, we report on an anonymous mailed survey of substance use with a 78% response rate, including data collection and survey methods. Analysis of sociodemographic effects on responding found certain groups required additional contacts. Substance use estimates were not affected by non-response bias, suggesting that anonymous mailed surveys can be a feasible means of collecting data on substance use.

Nord, North, Norte, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Absentéisme, Absenteeism, Ausentismo, Durée, Duration, Duración, Effet psychologique, Psychological effect, Efecto psicológico, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Homme, Human, Hombre, Indice gravité, Severity score, Indicio gravedad, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Travailleur, Worker, Trabajador, Violence, Violencia, Vol criminel, Criminal theft, Robo criminal, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Victimologie, Victimology, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Toxicology, and Toxicologie

Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Personnel sanitaire, Health staff, Personal sanitario, Abus de substance, Substance abuse, Abuso de sustancias, Alcoolisme, Alcoholism, Alcoholismo, Boisson alcoolisée, Alcoholic beverage, Bebida alcohólica, Consommation, Consumption, Consumo, Identification, Identificación, Médecin, Physician, Médico, Prise boisson, Drinking, Toma bebida, Prévalence, Prevalence, Prevalencia, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Bias, Correction, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Alcoolisme et intoxication aigue par l'éthanol, Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Conduites addictives, Addictive behaviors, Divers, Miscellaneous, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Cognition, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Objective: Surveys assessing alcohol use among physicians have most commonly employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or the AUDIT-C, the most common short version of the AUDIT. As with other screeners, prevalence estimation is dependent on the accuracy of the test as well as choice of the cutoff value. The aim of the current study is to derive more precise prevalence estimates of alcohol problems in physicians by correcting for false-positive and false-negative results. Method: In the context of a survey, the AUDIT was sent out via email or standard postal service to all 2484 physicians in Salzburg, Austria. A total of 456 physicians participated. A published correction formula was used to estimate the real prevalence of alcohol use problems. Results: Applying a cutoff of 5 points for the AUDIT-C, 15.7% of female and 37.7% of male physicians screened positive. Use of a correction based on general population data and the sensitivity and specificity of the AUDIT-C resulted in much lower prevalence rates: 4.0% for female and 9.5% for male physicians. Using the full AUDIT, 19.6% of the female physicians and 48% of the male physicians were screened positive. Using the correction, the estimated prevalence rates for females and males were 6.3% and 15.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that uncorrected screening results may markedly overestimate the prevalence of physicians drinking problems.

Maladie inflammatoire, Inflammatory disease, Enfermedad inflamatoria, Pathologie du système nerveux central, Central nervous system disease, Sistema nervosio central patología, Pathologie du système nerveux, Nervous system diseases, Sistema nervioso patología, Aspect social, Social aspect, Aspecto social, Cognition sociale, Social cognition, Cognición social, Efficacité personnelle, Self efficacy, Eficacia personal, Environnement social, Social environment, Contexto social, Etude longitudinale, Follow up study, Estudio longitudinal, Etude observationnelle, Observational study, Estudio observacional, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Facteur prédictif, Predictive factor, Factor predictivo, Homme, Human, Hombre, Santé mentale, Mental health, Salud mental, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Sclérose en plaques, Multiple sclerosis, Esclerosis en placa, Fixation d'un objectif, Goal setting, Definición de objectivos, goal setting, longitudinal study, multiple sclerosis, physical activity, self-efficacy, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie et médecine, Psychology and medicine, Maladie et personnalité, Illness and personality, Personnalité, comportement et santé, Personality, behavior and health, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Neurologie, Neurology, Sclérose en plaques et variantes. Syndrome de guillain barré et autres polyradiculonévrites inflammatoires. Leucoencéphalites, Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Personnalité comportement et santé, Cognition, General medicine general surgery, Médecine et chirurgie générales, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

There is a lack of data regarding the associations among changes in social cognitive variables and physical activity over time in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). To that end, the current study adopted a panel design and analysis for examining hypothesized relationships among changes in social cognitive variables and physical activity over time in persons with MS, and this is necessary for designing effective behavioral interventions. On two occasions separated by an 18-month period, persons (N = 218) with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), who were initially recruited by telephone for a cross-sectional study, completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed social cognitive variables and physical activity. Those study materials were delivered and returned via the United State Postal Service. The 18-month changes in self-efficacy (path coefficient = .25, p < .01) and goal setting (path coefficient = .26, p < .01) had direct effects on residual change in physical activity. The change in self-efficacy further had an indirect effect on residual change in physical activity that was accounted for by change in goal setting (path coefficient = .05, p < .05). This longitudinal study suggests that self-efficacy and goal setting represent plausible targets for changing physical activity behavior in persons with RRMS.

Enquête, Survey, Santé publique, Public Health, Sociologie, Sociology, Histoire, théorie et méthodologie, History, theory and methodology, Méthodologie, Methodology, Sociologie de la médecine, and Sociology of health and medicine

Valid and reliable public health data are becoming more difficult to obtain through random-digit dial (RDD) telephone surveys. As a result, researchers are evaluating different survey designs (i.e., sampling frame and survey mode combinations) as complements or alternatives to RDD. Traditionally, mail surveys of the general public have been limited due to a lack of a complete sampling frame of households. Recent advances in electronic record keeping, however, have allowed researchers to develop a sample from a frame of addresses (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service Delivery Sequence File, which appears to provide coverage which rivals or possibly exceeds that obtained through RDD sampling methods). To test the use of this frame for surveying adults aged 18 years and older across a wide geographic area, a pilot study was conducted as part of the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The pilot compared use of a traditional, RDD telephone survey methodology to an approach using a mail version of the questionnaire completed by a random sample of households drawn from an address-based frame. The findings indicate that the mail survey approach can achieve higher response rates in low-response-rate states (<40%) than RDD (particularly when two mailings are sent). Additionally, the address frame with mail survey design provides access to cell phone only households and offers cost savings over the telephone approach. The resulting sample, however, significantly overrepresents non-Hispanic whites and people with higher levels of education.