Comportement prosocial, Prosocial behavior, Conducta prosocial, Coping, Coronación, Environnement social, Social environment, Medio ambiente social, Homme, Human, Hombre, Milieu professionnel, Occupational environment, Medio profesional, Sexe, Sex, Sexo, Stress, Support social, Social support, Apoyo social, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Personnalité. Affectivité, Personality. Affectivity, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Obstetrics, gynecology, andrology, Gynécologie, obstétrique, andrologie, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Absentéisme, Absenteeism, Ausentismo, Analyse multivariable, Multivariate analysis, Análisis multivariable, Analyse statistique, Statistical analysis, Análisis estadístico, Aspect social, Social aspect, Aspecto social, Durée, Duration, Duración, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Homme, Human, Hombre, Incidence, Incidencia, Morbidité, Morbidity, Morbilidad, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Questionnaire, Cuestionario, Sexe, Sex, Sexo, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Condition de travail. Performance. Stress, Work condition. Job performance. Stress, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Médecine du travail, Occupational medicine, Divers, Miscellaneous, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, and Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail

Aims: In 1993, a qualifying day without sickness benefit was introduced to the Swedish sickness benefit system. The aim of the present study is to investigate sickness absenteeism before and after the introduction of the qualifying day, in the light of conditions inside and outside working life. Methods: The study was based on 1,952 female and 2,229 male employees of Sweden Post. Sickness absence was measured by sickness incidence one year before and one year after the introduction of the qualifying day (sick-leave events/person days at risk). Information about explanatory factors was collected by a postal questionnaire in 1994. Results: A decrease in sickness incidence was observed after the introduction of the qualifying day as well as an increase in the mean duration of sick-leave events. The proportion of long-term sick-leave events (15-365 days) increased; among men this increase was also found in absolute terms. There were no suggestions of economy being an important determinant for reduced sickness incidence. Women with long-term or serious disease did not show a reduction of sickness incidence to the same extent as those without disease, and for men a coherent result was observed. Men with heavy lifting at work more often showed an increase in incidence compared to men without heavy lifting, and the same tendency was found for women. Conclusion: The reduction in sickness incidence following the introduction of the qualifying day was fairly independent of different work-related and non-work-related factors. The impact of the qualifying day differed depending on health status and the physical workload.

Homme, Human, Hombre, Trouble humeur, Mood disorder, Trastorno humor, Enfant, Child, Niño, Etat dépressif, Depression, Estado depresivo, Médecin généraliste, General practitioner, Medico general, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Pédiatrie, Pediatrics, Pediatría, Soin santé primaire, Primary health care, Cuidados salud primaria, Spécialité médicale, Medical specialty, Especialidad medical, Surveillance, Vigilancia, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'enfant, Child clinical studies, Troubles de l'humeur, Mood disorders, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Genetics, and Génétique

Objective. To provide a self-described assessment ofpediatricians' and family physicians' management of childhood depression. Design. Mail survey of 595 general pediatricians and 557 family physicians in North Carolina. Results. The response rate was 66%. Most primary care physicians used referral (65%) and counseling (61%) for management of childhood depression. Family physicians used medications more commonly (18% vs 9%), and pediatricians referred patients more commonly (77% vs 48%). In logistic regression analysis, physicians comfortable with management of depression (odds ratio [OR], 4.8: 2.7-8.4), physicians who believed that antidepressants are more effective than counseling (OR, 2.6: 1.4-4.8), and family physicians (OR, 2.2: 1.9-4.1) were more likely to have used medications for childhood depression. Conclusions. Most primary care physicians refer pediatric patients with depression; however, practice patterns vary by specialty and other factors. Future studies must consider the role of primary care and evaluate how interspecialty variations affect costs and outcomes of childhood depression.

Abandon traitement, Treatment dropout, Abandono tratamiento, Cauchemar, Nightmare, Pesadilla, Homme, Human, Hombre, Modalité traitement, Application method, Modalidad tratamiento, Observance thérapeutique, Treatment compliance, Observancia del tratamiento, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Relaxation, Relajación, Thérapie comportementale, Behavior therapy, Terapia conductual, Traitement, Treatment, Tratamiento, Trouble sommeil, Sleep disorder, Trastorno sueño, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Thérapeutiques, Treatments, Thérapie comportementale. Thérapie cognitive, Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Background Many nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behaviour and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method a home using a manual. Method One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries. Results At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency fe more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self- exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up. Conclusions Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needec for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals.

Alcoolisme, Alcoholism, Alcoholismo, Biais méthodologique, Methodological bias, Ruta metodológica, Collecte donnée, Data gathering, Recolección dato, Enquête, Survey, Encuesta, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Homme, Human, Hombre, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Toxicomanie, Drug addiction, Toxicomanía, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Techniques et méthodes, Techniques and methods, Méthodologie. Expérimentation, Methodology. Experimentation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie, Toxicology, and Toxicologie

Because mailed surveys minimize personal contact, they are useful for collecting sensitive data on substance use, as long as the problems of achieving adequate response rates can be conquered. To address these issues, we report on an anonymous mailed survey of substance use with a 78% response rate, including data collection and survey methods. Analysis of sociodemographic effects on responding found certain groups required additional contacts. Substance use estimates were not affected by non-response bias, suggesting that anonymous mailed surveys can be a feasible means of collecting data on substance use.

Nord, North, Norte, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Absentéisme, Absenteeism, Ausentismo, Durée, Duration, Duración, Effet psychologique, Psychological effect, Efecto psicológico, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Homme, Human, Hombre, Indice gravité, Severity score, Indicio gravedad, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Travailleur, Worker, Trabajador, Violence, Violencia, Vol criminel, Criminal theft, Robo criminal, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Victimologie, Victimology, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Toxicology, and Toxicologie

Aptitude professionnelle, Vocational aptitude, Aptitud profesional, Comparaison interindividuelle, Interindividual comparison, Comparación interindividual, Employé, Employee, Empleado, Homme, Human, Hombre, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Prédiction, Prediction, Predicción, Psychométrie, Psychometrics, Psicometría, Qualification professionnelle, Professional qualification, Calificación profesional, Sélection professionnelle, Occupational selection, Selección profesional, Test aptitude, Aptitude test, Prueba aptitud, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Orientation. Sélection. Evaluation, Orientation. Selection. Evaluation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Personality and cognitive predictors of mail coding were investigated in 2 samples, 1 of high coding ability (N=56) and 1 of mixed ability (N=158). Two approaches to predicting correlates of skill within groups of differing ability were compared: Ackerman's (1988) ability theory, and Norman and Shallice's (1985) account of levels of action control. The predictors of mail-coding skill varied with ability: Personality variables were more predictive among higher ability subjects, and cognitive measures were more predictive among lower ability subjects. Implications of the findings for theories of individual differences in skill are discussed.

Environnement social, Social environment, Medio ambiente social, Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Ergonomie, Ergonomics, Ergonomía, Homme, Human, Hombre, Milieu professionnel, Occupational environment, Medio profesional, Organisation travail, Job engineering, Organización trabajo, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Psychologie travail, Occupational psychology, Psicología laboral, Psychosomatique, Psychosomatics, Psicosomática, Satisfaction professionnelle, Job satisfaction, Satisfacción profesional, Stress, Symptomatologie, Symptomatology, Sintomatología, Technologie, Technology, Tecnología, Triage, Sorting, Tría, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Ergonomie. Facteur humain, Ergonomics. Human factors, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Education, Éducation, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

To extend current models of psychosocial work stress research into organizational structure, technology is introduced. An exploratory model is developed combining research from ergonomics, epidemiology, and organizational science.It is hypothesized that technology influences a worker's health by structuring the job, and the relationship between the job and a worker's health is mediated by attitudes at work. To test the model, data are used from a 1978 NIOSH survey of postal workers sorting mail.

Attitude, Actitud, Communication, Comunicación, Homme, Human, Hombre, Personnalité, Personality, Personalidad, Politique, Policy, Política, Poste, Postal service, Correos, Stratégie, Strategy, Estrategia, Suggestibilité, Suggestibility, Sugestibilidad, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie sociale, Social psychology, Comportement. Attitude, Behavior. Attitude, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Linguistics, Linguistique, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Activité professionnelle, Professional activity, Actividad profesional, Appareil circulatoire pathologie, Cardiovascular disease, Aparato circulatorio patologia, Cardiopathie, Heart disease, Cardiopatia, Comportement type A, Type A behavior, Homme, Human, Hombre, Poste, Postal service, Stress, Système homme machine, Man machine system, Sistema hombre-maquina, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie et médecine, Psychology and medicine, Maladie et personnalité, Illness and personality, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Cette étude, menée sur une population d'employés des services postaux, montre les effets de l'intervention d'une machine sur les états thymiques. Ces effets ne paraissent pas modérés par le comportement de type A.

Enquête par correspondance, Brief inquiry, Homme, Human, Méthodologie, Methodology, Poste, Postal service, Réponse, Response, Tarif, Tariff, Taux réponse, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychométrie. Statistique. Méthodologie, Psychometrics. Statistics. Methodology, Psychométrie, Psychometrics, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Education, Éducation, Pediatrics, Pédiatrie, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Deux études examinent l'effet de la catégorie de l'affranchissement postal d'un questionnaire à remplir et à retourner et celui de l'envoi d'une petite somme d'argent sur le taux de retour des questionnaires par les sujets concernés.

Epidémiologie, Epidemiology, Epidemiología, Personnel sanitaire, Health staff, Personal sanitario, Abus de substance, Substance abuse, Abuso de sustancias, Alcoolisme, Alcoholism, Alcoholismo, Boisson alcoolisée, Alcoholic beverage, Bebida alcohólica, Consommation, Consumption, Consumo, Identification, Identificación, Médecin, Physician, Médico, Prise boisson, Drinking, Toma bebida, Prévalence, Prevalence, Prevalencia, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Bias, Correction, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Alcoolisme et intoxication aigue par l'éthanol, Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Conduites addictives, Addictive behaviors, Divers, Miscellaneous, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Cognition, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Objective: Surveys assessing alcohol use among physicians have most commonly employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or the AUDIT-C, the most common short version of the AUDIT. As with other screeners, prevalence estimation is dependent on the accuracy of the test as well as choice of the cutoff value. The aim of the current study is to derive more precise prevalence estimates of alcohol problems in physicians by correcting for false-positive and false-negative results. Method: In the context of a survey, the AUDIT was sent out via email or standard postal service to all 2484 physicians in Salzburg, Austria. A total of 456 physicians participated. A published correction formula was used to estimate the real prevalence of alcohol use problems. Results: Applying a cutoff of 5 points for the AUDIT-C, 15.7% of female and 37.7% of male physicians screened positive. Use of a correction based on general population data and the sensitivity and specificity of the AUDIT-C resulted in much lower prevalence rates: 4.0% for female and 9.5% for male physicians. Using the full AUDIT, 19.6% of the female physicians and 48% of the male physicians were screened positive. Using the correction, the estimated prevalence rates for females and males were 6.3% and 15.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that uncorrected screening results may markedly overestimate the prevalence of physicians drinking problems.

Maladie inflammatoire, Inflammatory disease, Enfermedad inflamatoria, Pathologie du système nerveux central, Central nervous system disease, Sistema nervosio central patología, Pathologie du système nerveux, Nervous system diseases, Sistema nervioso patología, Trouble de l'humeur, Mood disorder, Trastorno humor, Etat dépressif, Depression, Estado depresivo, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Sclérose en plaques, Multiple sclerosis, Esclerosis en placa, Soutien social, Social support, Apoyo social, Symptomatologie, Symptomatology, Sintomatología, depressive symptoms, multiple sclerosis, physical activity, social support, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Neurologie, Neurology, Sclérose en plaques et variantes. Syndrome de guillain barré et autres polyradiculonévrites inflammatoires. Leucoencéphalites, Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Troubles de l'humeur, Mood disorders, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Cognition, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

The present study examined the pattern of associations among physical activity, social support, mobility disability, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Persons (N = 218) with RRMS completed a battery of questionnaires that was sent and returned through the United States Postal Service (USPS). Bivariate correlation analysis indicated that physical activity and social support were both inversely associated with depressive symptoms (r's = ―0.288 and ―0.386, p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that physical activity (β = ―0.21, p = 0.002) and social support (β = ―0.37, p = 0.0001) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Path analysis confirmed that the associations between physical activity and social support with depressive symptoms were indirect via mobility disability and perceived stress. Collectively, the evidence indicates that physical activity and social support are independently and indirectly associated with depression via mobility disability and perceived stress in relapsing-remitting MS. This supports the design of interventions and programs that target physical activity and social support for reducing depressive symptoms among persons with MS.

Maladie inflammatoire, Inflammatory disease, Enfermedad inflamatoria, Pathologie du système nerveux central, Central nervous system disease, Sistema nervosio central patología, Pathologie du système nerveux, Nervous system diseases, Sistema nervioso patología, Aspect social, Social aspect, Aspecto social, Cognition sociale, Social cognition, Cognición social, Efficacité personnelle, Self efficacy, Eficacia personal, Environnement social, Social environment, Contexto social, Etude longitudinale, Follow up study, Estudio longitudinal, Etude observationnelle, Observational study, Estudio observacional, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Facteur prédictif, Predictive factor, Factor predictivo, Homme, Human, Hombre, Santé mentale, Mental health, Salud mental, Santé publique, Public health, Salud pública, Sclérose en plaques, Multiple sclerosis, Esclerosis en placa, Fixation d'un objectif, Goal setting, Definición de objectivos, goal setting, longitudinal study, multiple sclerosis, physical activity, self-efficacy, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie et médecine, Psychology and medicine, Maladie et personnalité, Illness and personality, Personnalité, comportement et santé, Personality, behavior and health, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Neurologie, Neurology, Sclérose en plaques et variantes. Syndrome de guillain barré et autres polyradiculonévrites inflammatoires. Leucoencéphalites, Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Personnalité comportement et santé, Cognition, General medicine general surgery, Médecine et chirurgie générales, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

There is a lack of data regarding the associations among changes in social cognitive variables and physical activity over time in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). To that end, the current study adopted a panel design and analysis for examining hypothesized relationships among changes in social cognitive variables and physical activity over time in persons with MS, and this is necessary for designing effective behavioral interventions. On two occasions separated by an 18-month period, persons (N = 218) with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), who were initially recruited by telephone for a cross-sectional study, completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed social cognitive variables and physical activity. Those study materials were delivered and returned via the United State Postal Service. The 18-month changes in self-efficacy (path coefficient = .25, p < .01) and goal setting (path coefficient = .26, p < .01) had direct effects on residual change in physical activity. The change in self-efficacy further had an indirect effect on residual change in physical activity that was accounted for by change in goal setting (path coefficient = .05, p < .05). This longitudinal study suggests that self-efficacy and goal setting represent plausible targets for changing physical activity behavior in persons with RRMS.

Processus acquisition, Acquisition process, Proceso adquisición, Apprentissage, Learning, Aprendizaje, Climat social, Social climate, Clima social, Employé, Employee, Empleado, Homme, Human, Hombre, Leadership, Liderazgo, Travail, Work, Trabajo, laissez-faire leadership, learning climate, transformational and passive-avoidant leadership, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Organisation et gestion. Relation professionnelle, Organization and management. Professional relation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between transformational and passive-avoidant leadership and learning climate in a work setting. A sample consisting of 1,061 employees from the Norwegian Postal Service completed the multifactor leadership questionnaire and the learning climate questionnaire. Learning climate dimensions used in the analyses were time, autonomy, team style, opportunities to develop, and guidelines. Findings revealed significant positive paths between transformational leadership and opportunities to develop (β .53), autonomy (β .34), guidelines (β .30), and team style (β .29). Further, significant negative associations were found between passive-avoidant leadership and time (β-.42), team style (β-.30), and guidelines (β-.20). In conclusion, the findings indicate that there is a substantial relationship between leadership and perceptions of a context supporting creativity and learning. The results reveal systematically different patterns of relationships between transformational and passive-avoidant leadership, and aspects of the learning climate, positive and negative, respectively. Based on the findings we emphasize the interpretation of the results and suggest some practical implications for interventions.

Carrière professionnelle, Career, Carrera profesional, Conflit, Conflict, Conflicto, Durée travail, Work period, Duración trabajo, Employé, Employee, Empleado, Environnement social, Social environment, Medio ambiente social, Epuisement professionnel, Occupational burnout, Agotiamento profesional, Facteur risque, Risk factor, Factor riesgo, Heure, Hour, Hora, Homme, Human, Hombre, Milieu familial, Family environment, Medio familiar, Milieu professionnel, Occupational environment, Medio profesional, Stress, Estrés, Sécurité travail, Work safety, Seguridad trabajo, Heure supplémentaire, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Condition de travail. Performance. Stress, Work condition. Job performance. Stress, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

This study focused on the relationship between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs, and in jobs with high and low external pressure to work overtime. Data were collected for 535 full-time employees of the Dutch Postal Service. In general, overtime was associated with negative work-home interference and negative home-work interference. Split-sample logistic regression analyses showed that employees reporting low rewards had elevated risks of burnout, negative work-home interference and slow recovery. In addition, the combination of overtime and low rewards was associated with negative home-work interference. A second analysis was conducted separately for employees who reported overtime in order to study the effects of external pressure to work overtime. In this subgroup, low rewards were associated with elevated risks of health complaints, emotional exhaustion and negative home-work interference. Moreover, employees who reported overtime and a high pressure to work overtime in combination with low rewards had elevated risks of poor recovery, cynicism, and negative work-home interference. The results suggest that even a limited number of hours of involuntary overtime is associated with adverse mental health, but only in low reward situations.

Homme, Human, Hombre, Adulte, Adult, Adulto, Analyse travail, Job analysis, Análisis ocupacional, Aptitude professionnelle, Vocational aptitude, Aptitud profesional, Assistance ordinateur, Computer aid, Asistencia ordenador, Cognition, Cognición, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Recrutement personnel, Staff recruitment, Contratación personal, Sélection professionnelle, Occupational selection, Selección profesional, Analyse protocole, Analyse tâche, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Orientation. Sélection. Evaluation, Orientation. Selection. Evaluation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Education, Éducation, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

The role of cognitively oriented tasks in the workplace continues to increase as automation of physical task components advances. Difficulties in automating the operator's cognitive processes have placed a renewed emphasis on the human component in advanced manufacturing systems. While traditional task analysis techniques have made significant contributions to improving productivity when important task elements are visually observable, their focus on manual task procedures make them less effective for cognitively oriented activities. This research has made a first attempt at integrating techniques from several disciplines to develop a cognitive task analysis methodology. The utility of this combined approach is examined for a new system being tested in the United States Postal Service.