articles+ search results

Fuel Technology and Analytical Chemistry

Otorhinolaryngology

Surgery

workshops, Autism, awareness, sensory, and diversity

A total of 42,500 cases of autism are estimated to exist in Saudi Arabia. Many children displaying signs of autism spectrum disorder are concealed by their parents, resulting in an undiagnosed condition due to parental concealment. Many parents are concerned that their child will be stigmatized if others discover he or she has autism. Saudi Arabian culture does not display any signs of autism. Children who are displaying signs of autism spectrum disorder are often hidden by their parents, leading to undiagnosed cases of autism spectrum disorder. In Saudi Arabia, specifically in Riyadh, you will not find any autistic children or adults. Parents are concerned about the negative social consequences of others learning that their child has autism. They typically hide autistic children in separate rooms even when visiting other people's homes. In a study conducted by the American Psychological Association, 37.7% of families report being embarrassed by their autistic child. Further, 63.9% report experiencing difficulties because of society's treatment of autistic people. According to the study, 31.1% of areas do not have autism centers. A number of parks, schools, and malls are currently being constructed in the Al-Hamra neighborhood in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. This facility will provide neighborhood residents with a safe, supportive, and socially aware environment. It will provide a portion of land near Prince Abdulaziz Bin Mohammed Park. It is crucial to establish a place where neurodivergent people can study, relax, and interact in a social setting. This will break down the stigma associated with neurodivergent people. This will create an open and accepting atmosphere, which will allow neurodivergent people to develop their skills and engage in meaningful activities while feeling safe and secure. This will be beneficial to not only the neurodivergent people but also to the whole community that will benefit from their inclusion. Master of Architecture A total of 42,500 cases of autism are estimated to exist in Saudi Arabia. Many children displaying signs of autism spectrum disorder are concealed by their parents, resulting in an undiagnosed condition due to parental concealment. Many parents are concerned that their child will be stigmatized if others discover he or she has autism. Saudi Arabian culture does not display any signs of autism. Children who are displaying signs of autism spectrum disorder are often hidden by their parents, leading to undiagnosed cases of autism spectrum disorder. In Saudi Arabia, specifically in Riyadh, you will not find any autistic children or adults. Parents are concerned about the negative social consequences of others learning that their child has autism. They typically hide autistic children in separate rooms even when visiting other people's homes. In a study conducted by the American Psychological Association, 37.7% of families report being embarrassed by their autistic child. Further, 63.9% report experiencing difficulties because of society's treatment of autistic people. According to the study, 31.1% of areas do not have autism centers. A number of parks, schools, and malls are currently being constructed in the Al-Hamra neighborhood in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. This facility will provide neighborhood residents with a safe, supportive, and socially aware environment. It will provide a portion of land near Prince Abdulaziz Bin Mohammed Park. It is crucial to establish a place where neurodivergent people can study, relax, and interact in a social setting. This will break down the stigma associated with neurodivergent people. This will create an open and accepting atmosphere, which will allow neurodivergent people to develop their skills and engage in meaningful activities while feeling safe and secure. This will be beneficial to not only the neurodivergent people but also to the whole community that will benefit from their inclusion.

Aim: Quality and patient safety ensure safe, high-quality treatment and staff well-being. This systematic study examines healthcare providers' quality and safety views. Aim of the study was to look for the perspectives that affect the quality and safety. Methods: Search and selection followed the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This was a systematic review of articles in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar without regard to language or publication date. The study analyzes five healthcare practitioner perspectives: Teamwork, medication errors, time management, workload and conditions, and patient safety culture. Results: The findings showed that teamwork can simplify goal achievement and that working together makes health providers happier. The findings further showed that time management, patient care, and job unpredictability due to interruptions, unplanned changes in patient-care management, emotional and physical tiredness, and unpredictable schedules or work duties may be out of one's control and may hinder work planning. Teaching providers problem-solving and critical thinking is a major time management factor. Conclusion: Problem-solving training helps providers manage time. Medication errors endanger patients. Distractions, incorrect doses, and illegible writing cause pharmaceutical errors. To address these issues, doctors must take multiple pharmaceutical error prevention courses. Quality, patient safety, and care require these perspectives. Recommendations: Policymakers, healthcare administrators, and clinicians must prioritize patient safety for patient safety culture. Health care providers must match the hidden curriculum to the explicit curriculum because it has a big impact on workers. This will foster safety and quality care. Workload greatly affects job quality and patient safety. Increased workloads per person lower work quality, which may harm patients. They need more providers and a lower patient-to-provider ratio to improve patient safety. Healthcare workers struggle with time and job quality.

General Engineering

Introduction: Single incision extra-corporeal appendectomy (SIEA) has emerged as an alternative to the conventional three port appendectomy (CLA). In this study we aim to demonstrate that single incision extracorporeal appendectomy (SIEA) is noninferior to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) and more cost effective. Methods and procedures: The following study is a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent either SIEA or CLA. Data obtained from both groups was analyzed in terms of demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, laboratory findings, Alvarado score, imaging findings, American society of Anesthesia (ASA) score, operative time, intraoperative findings, case performance by surgeon level, and outcomes as well as cost. Wilcoxon test was used to compare continuous data. Fischer’s exact test compared proportions. Significance was defined as p-value 0.05 for all). Outcomes were similar between the two groups with regards time to advancement of diet (median time 6 hours vs 6 hours), post-operative complications (wound infection, deep seated infections 3.7% vs 4.7%), and readmission rates (3.7% vs 2.3%) (p > 0.05 for all). Length of stay was slightly shorter in the SIEA than the CLA group, despite approaching statistical significance it was not clinically significant (mean 1.7 days vs 2 days p = 0.05). Operative time in SIEA was shorter than CLA (median time 50 min vs 75 min, (p

Surgery

Psychiatry and Mental health

Background Social isolation can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts, and relationships with family, friends, and neighbors. According to some studies, social isolation was associated with depressive symptoms. At least one out of every five teenagers suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem that impairs their function. Saudi Arabia has a significant adolescent population; however, there are few studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess social isolation and its psychological impact among adolescents. This research is intended to study the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents in Riyadh and its association with depression symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 adolescents living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire was used, and it was composed of three sections which are sociodemographic characteristics, assessment of social isolation, and assessment of depression symptoms. Results The study reported the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents was 10.14%. The prevalence of depression symptoms among adolescents was high (31.68%). There was a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied sample (χ2 = 12.3, p = 0.002). It was found that being a male, living with both parents, and having low income are significant predictors of social isolation among adolescents; with r2 = 0.08 and p-value Conclusions A total of 10% of adolescents in Riyadh are socially isolated. There is a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied adolescents. Symptoms of depression can be predicted by social isolation. Recommendations The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia should work together to conduct educational intervention programs for adolescents about mental health, the importance of social interaction, and the drawbacks of social isolation. These topics should also be involved in the curriculum of secondary schools.

Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

Physiology (medical) and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

General Dentistry

Physiology

Arterial stiffness (AS) is an impairment in arterial relaxation and function in blood pressure regulation and is associated with the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and adverse outcomes such as stroke, heart failure, and death. AS comprises an increase in vascular wall components (extracellular matrix proteins or vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) composition) or cellular malfunction, or a combination of these factors. Preliminary data from our lab showed that using the Transverse Aortic Constriction (TAC) model, the transcription factor scleraxis is upregulated in the aortic wall on the pre-TAC/high pressure side versus post-TAC/low pressure side. Scleraxis also induces cellular phenotype activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis and mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in development. Angiotensin II (AngII) induces hypertension and increases stiffness in arteries, and we found that it also up-regulates scleraxis expression, suggesting the possibility that scleraxis may alter arterial wall composition. In this study, we investigated the role of scleraxis expression in VSMC, and its effect when over-expressed along with AngII treatment in small resistance arteries and aorta. In vivo, we upregulated scleraxis in VSMC using a Cre/LoxP approach and the tamoxifen-inducible Myh11cre mouse, with or without AngII delivery by micro-osmotic pump, then isolated 3rd order mesenteric arteries and assessed arterial function and stiffness by pressure myography. We harvested aortas for immunohistology staining and gene expression analysis. In vitro, we upregulated scleraxis in VSMC with or without AngII treatment and measured their proliferation by flow cytometry. Our findings show that scleraxis induces stiffness in mesenteric arteries, but not aorta by induction of VSMC proliferation. Scleraxis upregulation with AngII infusion exacerbates vascular stiffness in mesenteric arteries due to significant changes in arterial wall components, reducing internal lumen diameter and smooth muscle relaxation. At the molecular level, extracellular matrix protein expression is reduced in aortas. In in vitro studies, scleraxis-AngII treated VSMC exhibit lower proliferative capacity, distinct morphological changes and higher contractile gene expression, indicative of a hypertrophic contractile phenotype altering overall arterial stiffness. Our study shows that scleraxis alone can induce AS by regulating VSMC phenotype toward proliferation. In contrast, arterial stiffness is exacerbated in scleraxis overexpression and AngII-infused vessels by inducing VSMC towards a hypertrophic contractile phenotype. Therefore, scleraxis alters vascular smooth muscle phenotypic switching and arterial stiffness through different mechanisms, depending on the presence of AngII, which may have different pathological impacts depending on the specific underlying conditions. This work is supported by funding from Heart & Stroke Foundation and BMO Studentship. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

General Engineering

Surgery and General Medicine

Computer Science Applications and Education

General Medicine

Architecture, Building and Construction, self-healing concrete, finite element modeling, structural resilience, sustainability, and Civil and Structural Engineering

The formation of cracks in concrete structures occurs due to a multitude of causes ranging from shrinkage to external loading and environmental exposure. This phenomenon can significantly affect the lifecycle of concrete structures. Self-healing concrete (SHC) is considered a promoted innovation capable of overcoming this inevitable occurrence. In accordance with current SHC development processes, this paper utilizes the numerical simulation approach to test the performance of reinforced SHC beam specimens modeled using the commercial software ABAQUS 6.14 (Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). This paper aims to contribute to the scarce literature on SHC models by utilizing the overlooked dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) agent and ambiguous variability of crystalline admixtures. The SHC is introduced to the beam models at various depths and analyzed using load against displacement curves compared with a reference model of ordinary concrete. The effects of SHC on the mechanical properties of structural elements were determined. The results show a distinct improvement of the load-carrying capacity of SHC beams, indicating an efficient contribution of SHC in structural applications.

One of the major challenges faced in oil and gas industry today is talent management of its workforce. Training the workforce and suggesting the right training courses to the individuals is important in talent management and career development. There are many training recommendation systems available using different machine learning approaches such as collaborative filtering, neural networks and hybrid models. In this paper, an intelligent recommendation system is proposed by blending machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP) and text analytics combined with organizational preferences. This framework gives a recommender system considering the user profiles, training preferences for his or her organization where each set of organizational units will have unique training recommendation requirements considering organizational functional behavior. The proposed mechanism uses machine learning algorithms at different stages of its learning process and ensemble them in a unique fashion such that desirable results are achieved to the user satisfaction.

Forschung, Annotation, Annotieren, DATA processing & computer science, Infrastruktur, Metaphern, Modellierung, Religion, virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen, Thesaurus, Projekte, DHd2023, ddc:004, and Linked Open Data

"The CRC studies the role of metaphor in religious meaning-making. In metaphors, meaning is transferred from one semantic domain to another. By adopting conceptual metaphor theory, the CRC seeks to more thoroughly understand this process and to research its semantic forms empirically and comparatively. Through its multidisciplinary subprojects the CRC contributes to the historiography and the comparative study of religions. It covers various religious traditions from across the globe, working with texts from multiple languages and diverse genres, dating from 3,000 BCE to the present. To enable comparability and interoperability between its extremely heterogeneous subprojects, the CRC deliberately puts emphasis on a shared digital infrastructure (data repository, annotation-tool, conceptual thesaurus), provided by the information infrastructure (INF) project. Utilizing this infrastructure, the subprojects annotate religious texts to not only mark the presence of metaphors, but to include complex analysis of the structural functionings of the metaphor and the resulting domain mappings." Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture.

Jurassic Gas Field Development Group (GFDJ) of Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) completed the first ever CO2 foamed acid frac pilot campaign in four Jurassic sour HTHP wells. This innovative technology was utilized for the first time in KOC's history safely and effectively with exemplary well performance. GFDJ had been pursuing the CO2-foamed acid fracturing technology since 2019 with the objective of improving the stimulation and hydraulic fracturing efficiency in the Jurassic Middle Marrat formation. CO2-foamed acid fracs have several advantages over other stimulation techniques: CO2 is a miscible and non-damaging fluid which blends in water and also mixes with hydrocarbons. Pumped as a liquid and slightly heavier than water, leading to lower treating pressures due to heavier hydrostatic head. Effective in treating lower-pressured/partially-depleted, good K.H (permeability-height function) carbonate reservoirs. Reduces water-based gels and overall frac-load volume by the percentage of CO2 pumped in the frac fluid system (40% by volume is utilized in this pilot). Energizes the frac fluid and stays in solution until it heats up to gas. This property ensures the frac load recovery is achieved throughout the flowback. Eliminates the need to activate the well after the frac with CT/N2 applications potentially saving time and money to KOC. Has potential to lighten up the heavier ends of the hydrocarbons due to its miscible properties, hence may help with better hydrocarbon inflow. Creates stable foam structure with the frac fluid, increasing the frac fluid viscosity hence has the potential to generate better frac geometry and larger stimulated rock volume (SRV). A four-well campaign was completed within 12 months period. Three different monobore completion wells and one 3-1/2″ tubing with 5″ liner completion well were fracture-treated using an average of 40% downhole quality CO2-foam pumped at an average rate of 30 bpm. Different service companies and their fluid systems, as well as their operational capabilities were utilized in operations with exemplary clean up and production test results that surpassed the expectations of the asset. Additionally, pumping cryogenic CO2 at high ambient desert temperatures of September in Kuwait, safely, and operationally effectively is a major milestone and achievement in itself. This paper summarizes the design, operational, well clean-up and production performance details of the CO2 campaign. Learnings of the GFDJ asset will be shared in order to benefit from the learning curve that KOC went through in implementing this strategic application. Success of novel CO2 stimulation technique is critical for the GFDJ asset to continue expanding its production capacity in next 2-3 years while maintaining the strong production plateau achieved in 2021. Future plans of the assets will also be discussed to ensure cross-boundary opportunity realization will be possible in the industry for the region.

History, Archeology, and Conservation

Clinical Biochemistry

Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual’s frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. Objectives: The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were “body mass index”, “periodontitis”, “dental caries”, and “tooth loss”. Results: In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. Conclusion: The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.

Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, and Molecular Medicine

A total of 37 new drug entities were approved in 2022; although that year registered the lowest number of drug approvals since 2016, the TIDES class consolidated its presence with a total of five authorizations (four peptides and one oligonucleotide). Interestingly, 23 out of 37 drugs were first-in-class and thus received fast-track designation by the FDA in categories such as breakthrough therapy, priority review voucher, orphan drug, accelerated approval, and so on. Here, we analyze the TIDES approved in 2022 on the basis of their chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, administration route, and common adverse effects.

General Engineering

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Biomedical Engineering, and Health Informatics

Background Dietary patterns and nutritional status during adolescence have a direct effect on future health outcomes. Objective This study aimed to promote fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents using a smartphone app called MyPlate. Methods This randomized intervention study was conducted in an urban area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We included 104 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, who were randomized into intervention (n=55) or control (n=49) arms. We examined the effects of MyPlate on fruit and vegetable intake over 6 weeks in the intervention group. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were used in the intervention and control groups. Results The control group showed a significant increase in fruit consumption scores between baseline (1.15, SD 0.68) and postintervention (1.64, SD 0.98; P=.01), but no significant difference in vegetable consumption scores was observed before (1.44, SD 0.97) and after intervention (1.55, SD 0.90; P=.54). However, there was no significant difference between scores at baseline and after 6 weeks of using the smartphone app for fruit (1.48, SD 0.99 and 1.70, SD 1.11, respectively; P=.31) or vegetables (1.50, SD 0.97 and 1.43, SD 1.03, respectively; P=.30) in the intervention group. Our findings showed no significant impact of using a smartphone app on fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusions These findings suggest that a smartphone app did not significantly improve fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05692765; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05692765

pectoralis muscles, active stretching, Health Information Management, Leadership and Management, Health Policy, strength training, rounded shoulder posture, Health Informatics, and trapezius muscle

Background: The shortening of the pectoralis minor muscle (PMi-M) and weakening of the lower trapezius muscle (LTr-M) affect scapular movement, resulting in the development of a rounded shoulder posture and reduction in the shoulder flexion range of motion (SFROM). Objective: This study evaluated the combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching on correcting the rounded shoulder postures and SFROM among young Saudi females. Methods: This study was based on a two-arm parallel-group repeated measures randomized comparative design. A total of sixty female participants with rounded shoulder postures were recruited and randomly allocated into groups 1 and 2 (n = 30/group). Each group performed supervised PMi-M stretching; however, group 2 performed a combination of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching. The outcomes, including rounded shoulder posture and SFROM, were assessed using the pectoralis minor length test (PMLT) and universal goniometer. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the differences within-group and between-group for the outcomes measures at one-week (baseline) pre-intervention, two weeks, and three -weeks post-intervention. The significance level was set at q > 2.00 and p < 0.05 for all respective statistical analyses. Results: The within-group comparison revealed significant improvements (q > 2.00) in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM when comparing their post-intervention scores to the baseline scores. The between-group comparison revealed a significant and an insignificant (q < 2.00) difference in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM, respectively when comparing their scores at the second- and third-week post-intervention. Furthermore, the effect size of the intervention suggests an advantage of group 2 over group 1 in increasing the resting length of the PMi-M only among young Saudi females. Conclusions: The combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching was more beneficial than PMi-M stretching alone in correcting the rounded shoulder posture among young Saudi females by increasing PMi-M resting length. However, it could not yield a differential improvement in the SFROM outcome among them.

Neurology and Neurology (clinical)

Pharmaceutical Science and General Medicine

General Engineering

The Teacher Social Justice Advocacy Scale was developed to measure teachers' social justice advocacy orientation. Six hundred and seven K-12 teachers participated in the study. Results support a 22-item scale with three distinct factors: teacher advocacy orientation, social justice awareness, and student empowerment. Bivariate correlations demonstrated positive relationships between the TSJAS, a measure of general social advocacy, and political involvement, and a negative relationship with a measure of just world ideology. TSJAS scores also evidenced adequate internal consistency reliability.

Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, and Food Science

Background: The Ketogenic diet has gained popularity, especially among college students in the past few years, mainly as a strategy for fast weight losse but due to lack of appropriate knowledge of ketogenic diet plan might affect their overall health. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate knowledge and perception about ketogenic diet among students of three different faculties of Northern Border University, Arar, KSA. Methods: The present study had a cross sectional study design and a total of 303 (214 female and 89 males) students were contacted between 15 February and 20 March, 2021. A self-administered online (Google form) questionnaire was used to investigate socio-demographic data as well as student’s knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet. Results: The majority of the participants, 197 (65%) know that ketogenic diet compise of high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. The main therapeutic aim for adopting a ketogenic diet was weight loss for 153 participants (50.3%), whereas 115 (38%) of them adopted it for treating poly cystic ovary (PCOD) and only 84 (27. 7%) for controlling diabetes. The source of knowledge about the ketogenic diet was primarily social media 199 (65.9%), and only 82 (27.2%) adopted it after consultation from a dietitian. However, 72 particiants (23.8%) believed that the ketogenic diet did not have any adverse effects on the human body. Conclusion: The result of the present study indicates that students had convincing knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet as well as its therapeutic uses. However, pre-diet counseling is imperative for everyone to know every aspect and correct technique for carrying out this diet.

Ecology and Nature and Landscape Conservation

General Engineering

The first ever CO2 foam fracturing new technology in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) history was executed flawlessly in late 2021. Three treatments were executed. Co2 Foam Fracturing proved its significant added value of improving productivity in deep depleted tight carbonate Jurassic reservoirs, enhance flow back, reduce water consumption and carbon emission, and enable early production plus improving operation efficiency and cost saving. The stimulation operation has proven to be a huge success for all multidisciplinary teams involved as preliminary results showed over 50-70% production increase compared to offset wells. The main challenges of acid fracturing stimulation in depleted reservoirs are the need for extended formation cleanup to flow back the injected fluids via prolonging Nitrogen lift that add higher operational costs and intervention operations. Therefore, energetic high foam efficiency frac fluid becomes essential to assist flowback and retrieve pumped frac fluids from reservoir. To tackle these challenges, Carbon Dioxide CO2 is pumped in liquid phase as energetic fluid together with normal frac fluids. Due to CO2 liquid nature, high foam efficiency can be reached (40 – 50%) at much lower friction losses. So, it enables achieving pumping frac at high rates and high foam efficiency. The main benefits of CO2 Foam frac are better fracture cleanup due to expansion of the stored compressed gas in the liquid CO2, fluid loss control that is provided by foam, minimized fracture conductivity damage, and the increase in hydrostatic pressure while pumping that translates to lower surface pressures during injection. The selected pilot well is in depleted deep tight carbonate reservoir area of North Kuwait Jurassic gas fields. The executed acid fracturing operation required close planning starting from Q1-2021. Many challenges faced from logistical issues, lack of infrastructure and CO2 resources for the multi-faceted operation due to COVID-19 pandemic limitations. These challenges were tackled ahead with the integration of technical and operations teams to bridge the knowledge gap and to enable executing the operation safely. The pilot well's net incremental production gain is estimated at 50-70% compared to offset wells, with improved flowback and formation cleanup with less well intervention. The resulting time and cost savings as well as the incremental well productivity and better operation efficiency confirmed high perspectives for the implemented foam acid fracturing approach. Another two CO2 Foam acid fracturing wells were executed with good results too. This paper will demonstrate the value of CO2 foam fracturing in depleted reservoir and KOC experience post first application and its plans to expand CO2 Foam Fracturing application across KOC different fields.

Urology and General Medicine

Urethrocutaneous fistula may complicate hypospadias repair. We noticed that double-layered preputial dartos flaps added to tubularized incised plate urethroplasty can reduce the risk of urethrocutaneous fistula. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with double-layered preputial dartos flaps to with single-layered local fascial flaps in preventing urethrocutaneous fistula. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2020 at Jordan University Hospital (Amman, Jordan). Boys who were aged between 6 months and 5 years, diagnosed with distal hypospadias, and not circumcised were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of urethrocutaneous fistula in patients who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap. The results showed a total of 163 boys with distal hypospadias; among them, 116 patients underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a single-layered fascial flap, and 47 underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap. The development of urethrocutaneous fistula was higher in the group receiving tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a single-layered fascial flap than in the group receiving tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months (6.9% vs 0, 10.3% vs 0, and 5.2% vs 0, respectively), and the difference after 6 months was statistically significant (P = 0.02).

Ophthalmology and General Medicine

General Chemistry

The main strategies for the synthesis of Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs): key molecules as DNA/RNA mimics that can hybridize complementary chains of nucleic acids with high affinity and specificity.

Hepatology and Gastroenterology

History and Philosophy of Science, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political Science and International Relations, and Social Sciences (miscellaneous)

Algorithms reflect how power is arranged within our society while also producing power dynamics themselves. Algorithmic systems configure power by engaging in network-making, thereby shaping society and entrenching existing logics into infrastructure. To understand the moral economy of high-tech modernism, we must explore how algorithmic systems contribute to ongoing social, political, and economic structuring. This essay reflects on the importance of algorithmic systems’ positions within our political, economic, and social arrangements.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of poultry hydrolysate (PH) on the performance and welfare of 94g per Atlantic salmon smolts. Five experimental diets were fed to the fish for 43 days in triplicate 300L tanks, containing 0%(Control), 5%(C5), 10%(C10), 15%(C15), and 20%(C20) of poultry hydrolysate. Growth rate, feed conversion ratio, visceral fat analysis, liver, heart and faeces, whole body composition and welfare operational indicators and blood samples were examined. Results showed that the inclusion of PH 5% and 10% significantly improved growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Blood serum analyses revealed no adverse effects, and no mortality or cataract were observed. The control group had significantly higher score for deformity, although the level was low. Severity of scale loss was higher for the C20 group compared with the control. Scores for fin damage in active and healed phase were low, although active dorsal fin damage was highest for the C5 group, while healed pectoral fin damage was highest for the C10 group. Accumulation of fat around the viscera was lower of the C10 and C20 groups, lower fat deposits were observed on the heart surface of the C5, C10 and C15 groups compared with the control. Analyses of whole-body composition revealed decreasing dry matter content with increasing inclusion of PH. The fat content was higher in fish fed 5% PH, whereas the fat content was lowest for the fish fed 15% PH compared with the control. The ash content of the PH groups did not differ from the control group, but the condition factor was higher for the C15 group compared with the control. The slaughter yield was significantly lower for all groups fed PH (0.5-0.8% units), while inclusion of 5% PH significantly improved the faeces texture. These findings show that dietary inclusion of CH affects growth, lipid deposition pattern, fish welfare and consistency of faeces, suggesting that the inclusion of poultry hydrolysate at 5-10% in the diet for Atlantic salmon smolts can enhance production efficiency without compromising their welfare. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of poultry hydrolysate (PH) on the performance and welfare of 94g per Atlantic salmon smolts. Five experimental diets were fed to the fish for 43 days in triplicate 300L tanks, containing 0%(Control), 5%(C5), 10%(C10), 15%(C15), and 20%(C20) of poultry hydrolysate. Growth rate, feed conversion ratio, visceral fat analysis, liver, heart and faeces, whole body composition and welfare operational indicators and blood samples were examined. Results showed that the inclusion of PH 5% and 10% significantly improved growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Blood serum analyses revealed no adverse effects, and no mortality or cataract were observed. The control group had significantly higher score for deformity, although the level was low. Severity of scale loss was higher for the C20 group compared with the control. Scores for fin damage in active and healed phase were low, although active dorsal fin damage was highest for the C5 group, while healed pectoral fin damage was highest for the C10 group. Accumulation of fat around the viscera was lower of the C10 and C20 groups, lower fat deposits were observed on the heart surface of the C5, C10 and C15 groups compared with the control. Analyses of whole-body composition revealed decreasing dry matter content with increasing inclusion of PH. The fat content was higher in fish fed 5% PH, whereas the fat content was lowest for the fish fed 15% PH compared with the control. The ash content of the PH groups did not differ from the control group, but the condition factor was higher for the C15 group compared with the control. The slaughter yield was significantly lower for all groups fed PH (0.5-0.8% units), while inclusion of 5% PH significantly improved the faeces texture. These findings show that dietary inclusion of CH affects growth, lipid deposition pattern, fish welfare and consistency of faeces, suggesting that the inclusion of poultry hydrolysate at 5-10% in the diet for Atlantic salmon smolts can enhance production efficiency without compromising their welfare.

General Medicine

Background and Aims: The incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is rising. The rise in weight and obesity impairs Saudi children’s physical activity and muscular flexibility, especially during the pandemic. However, few studies focus on the relationship between weight and physical fitness in Saudi. Therefore, this study aims to perform among Saudi Arabian children to assess the relationship between muscular flexibility and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 195 children aged 6 to 13 was performed in Saudi Arabia. Children who had not previously experienced musculoskeletal pain, neurological disorders, or congenital or acquired spinal deformities were included. For this study, weight and height measurements were taken to calculate body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2, and a sit-and-reach (STR) test was measured to determine muscular flexibility in centimeters. Results: The Pearson correlation between STR and weight was negative (-0.26), with a 95% CI of -0.39 to -0.13, indicating a weak but statistically significant relationship between STR and weight. While controlling for other variables in the model, the regression analysis revealed that for every unit (kg/m2) increase in BMI, muscular flexibility decreased by 0.147 units on average (Beta =-0.147; [95 percent CI: -2.07- (-0.039)]. Gender and muscular flexibility were found to have a negative relationship (Beta =-0.078; [95 percent CI: (-2.98) to (0.86)]. Conclusions: Being overweight and obese were inversely related to muscular flexibility as measured by STR, with no meaningful distinctions between boys and girls.

General Nursing

Introduction The postpartum period is accompanied by health risks that impact many women. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental health problem that has been neglected in maternal healthcare services. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ perceptions towards health services’ contribution to lowering the incidence of PPD. Methods An interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 10 postpartum nurses was interviewed face-to-face. The analysis followed Colaizzi's data analysis method. Results Seven main themes emerged on how to improve maternal health services to contribute to reducing the incidence of PPD among women: (1) maternal mental health, (2) follow-up of mental health status, (3) screening mental health status, (4) enhancing health education, (5) reducing stigma toward mental health, (6) updating resources, and (7) empowering nurses. Conclusion The integration of mental health services into maternal services that are provided to women needs to be considered in the context of Saudi Arabia. This integration will result in high-quality holistic maternal care.

Standards, Virtuelle Torarolle, Annotieren, DATA processing & computer science, Manuskript, Editionen, Tora, Tagin, Midrasch, DHd2023, Kodikologie, ddc:004, Beziehungsanalyse, Visualisierung, Annotationen, Otijjot Meshunnot, and Transkription

Mittelalterliche Torarollen und -fragmente stellen das komplexe Forschungsobjekt unserer Arbeit dar, wobei unterschiedliche Perspektiven beleuchtet werden. Eine umfangreiche und standardisierte Erfassung und Datensammlung der Torarollen und weitreichender Sekundärliteratur sowie die damit verbundene Edition bilden einen zentralen Baustein. Dabei liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf Besonderheiten im Schriftbild der hebräischen Buchstaben. Um diesem komplexen Vorhaben gerecht zu werden, verlangt es nach einer neuen digitalen Forschungsmethodik, die im Rahmen der Präsentation vorgestellt werden soll. Sowohl die einheitlichen Erfassungs- und Editionsrichtlinien als auch die zugrundeliegende digitale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur sowie die verwendeten methodischen Werkzeuge werden erläutert und anhand eines Fallbeispiels vorgezeigt. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie dieser neue methodische Zugang vielfältige Möglichkeiten zu neuen Erkenntnissen, Verknüpfungen von Zusammenhängen und metaphysischen Analysen von Torarollen bietet. Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture.

Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, and Physics - Fluid Dynamics

The energy cascade, i.e. the transfer of kinetic energy from large-scale to small-scale flow motions, has been the cornerstone of turbulence theories and models since the 1940s. However, understanding the spatial organization of the energy transfer has remained elusive. In this study, we utilize numerical data of isotropic turbulence to investigate the three-dimensional spatial structure of the energy cascade. Specifically, we focus on analyzing the averaged flow patterns associated with intense energy transfer events in the inertial range. Our findings indicate that forward energy-transfer events are predominantly confined in the high strain-rate region created between two distinct zones of elevated enstrophy. On average, these zones manifest in the form of two hairpin-like shapes with opposing orientations. The mean velocity field associated with the energy transfer exhibits a saddle point topology when observed in the frame of reference local to the event. The analysis also suggests that the primary driving mechanism for energy transfer involves strain-rate self-amplification among local scales, followed closely by non-local interactions that promote interscale vortex stretching and strain self-amplification.
Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

FOS: Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Psychology, and Social and Behavioral Sciences

This project will be looking at the impact of ‘technoference’ on children’s vocabulary development. ‘Technoference’ is a term describing interference on interpersonal activities from use of distracting technologies, such as mobile screen devices. Previous research has shown that technoference can have an impact on infants’ vocabulary development (Corkin et al., 2021). The current study will partially replicate Corkin et al. (2021) by measuring caregiver ratings of their child’s vocabulary and using simple linear regression to determine whether technoference can predict vocabulary development.

Background: Medical students’ syndrome (MSS) refers to health complaints resulting from medical expertise rather than genuine pathology. It is a hypochondriasis or illness anxiety disorder in medical students that occurs while studying a medical condition whena medical student repeatedly develops fears and symptoms of illness relating to the diseases that they are looking at at the time, and as a consequence, it affects their performance. Objective: To assess the prevalence of medical students’ syndrome and measure the impact of the syndrome on the GPA among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: The current cross-sectional study was conducted over six months on Riyadh’s medical students. Data was collected by using an online self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire included two sections; the sociodemographic and mental health sections. MSD-5 and HAI-18 tools were used to assess mental health and the medical students’ syndrome. Results: Four hundred and thirteen (413) medical students completed the study questionnaire. About half (50.8 %) were female, and 96.6 % were single. According to the Medical Students’ Disease Distress scale (MSD-5), 88.9 % of the students had at least one mental health disorder. Anxiety was the major mental disorder found in 83.9 % of the medical students, followed by depression (73.6 %). According to the Health Anxiety Inventory tool (HAI-18) short-tool, the prevalence of medical students’ syndrome (MSS) among medical students was 22.3 %. Marital status is a significant factor affecting the prevalence of MSS; being married significantly increases MSS among medical students (53.8 % vs. 21.3 %, P=0.018). There is a significant negative correlation between the score of HAI-18 and the student’s Grade Point Average (GPA) (r=-0.111, P=0.024). Conclusion: Medical students are more vulnerable to mental conditions like medical students’ syndrome, which has negatively impacted their academic achievement. Since students face stress and pressure in their college life, medical students’ mental and psychological health should be the top priority to overcome and prevent the occurrence of MSS among students. Key words: medical student syndrome, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia