Rapid Prototyping, surgery planning, fractures, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Orthopaedic trauma surgery is a complex surgical speciality in which anatomy, physiology and physics are mixed. Proper diagnosing and based on that planning and performing surgery is of crucial matter. This article presents usefulness of 3D reconstruction in diagnostics and surgical planning. It focuses on utility of computed tomography reconstruction in trauma surgery. Moreover, two cases in which this technique was used is described. Complex 3D reconstruction proved its usefulness and in future it may become a modality of choice for planning complex trauma procedures in which standard implants and approaches are insufficient.

BLE, Embedded System, Internet of Things, MQTT, Rapid Prototyping, STM32 ODE, Computer software, and QA76.75-76.765

The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by many technologies, standards, tools and devices for a wide range of application fields and often, for the end-users (makers and developers), is hard to orientate in an equally wide range of offers from various manufacturers. In recent years, the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol is achieving a large portion of the market, thanks to its low-power and low-cost orientation and its pervasiveness in mobile devices, like smartphones. For these reasons, BLE is increasingly used in IoT-oriented Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), where a small set of devices arranged in star topology network and connected to a smartphone and a Wi-Fi gateway, can cover a large number of monitoring and controlling use case scenarios. This work presents the ST’s STM32 Open Development Environment (ODE), a complete suite of hardware and software tools representing a reference point for end-users willing to create BLE-based star topology networks for a wide range of applications. Through a simple use case in a smart home context, it is shown how all provided tools can be used to fast prototype applications addressing all user requirements.

Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, and Science

Requirements elicitation is one of the important and major activities within the Requirements Engineering phase. There are different techniques used for requirement elicitation process. Selection of any requirements elicitation technique depends on complexity, size, time and other resources of proposed software project. Selection of suitable technique for requirements elicitation is not a trivial process and if it is done properly then it can reduce time, budget, and risk constraints of system being developed. Sometimes researchers have found a gap between theory and practice that is gap between literature and industry practices. Therefore, goal of this paper is to find out the gap between literature and industry practice about requirements elicitation practices in PSI (Pakistani Software Industry). This paper shows the usage and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in Pakistani software companies. 29 Software companies following prototyping technique practice were surveyed using questionnaire, to investigate about usage of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation in industry, and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in term of schedule, cost and the customer Satisfaction. The appropriate practice of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation can reduce the project failure rate in PSI.

Translaminar facet screw, rapid prototyping, guide template system, screw trajectory, tail angle, submergence angle, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Surgery, and RD1-811

It is technically demanding and requires rich experience to insert the translaminar facet screw(TFS) via the paramedian mini-incision approach. It seems that it is easy to place the TFS using computer-assisted design and rapid prototyping(RP) techniques. However, the accuracy and safety of these techniques is still unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy and safety of translaminar facet screw placement in multilevel unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using a rapid prototyping drill guide template system. A patient-matched rapid prototyping translaminar facet screw guide was examined in fourteen cadaveric lumbar spine specimens. A three-dimensional (3D) preoperative screw trajectory was constructed using spinal computed tomography scans, from which individualized guides were developed for the placement of translaminar facet screws. Following bone tunnel establishment, the 3D positioning of the entry point and trajectory of the screws was compared to the preoperative plan as found in the Mimics software.Among 60 trajectories eligible for assessment, no cases of clinically significant laminar perforation were found. The mean deviation between the planned and the actual starting points on spinous process was 1.22 mm. The mean tail and submergence angle deviation was found to be 0.68°and 1.46°, respectively. Among all the deviations, none were found to have any statistical significance. These results indicate that translaminar facet screw placement using the guide system is both accurate and safe.

Biometric Fingerprint Authentication, Daily Time Record System, Prototyping Methodology, Science, and Social Sciences

The Daily Time Record (DTR) is a requirement as a basis primarily for the salary of employees. This DTR is a measure of the behavior of one’s employee towards work. It is used to determine the undertaking of employees during their working hours. It gathers the logs in and logs out time information. The study generally aimed to design, develop, implement and evaluate the Daily Time Record (DTR) System using Biometric Fingerprint Authentication. Specifically, the study aimed to design with usable functional requirements considering DTR, Employee, Department and Import modules. Likewise, determine the system’s acceptability level using ISO 9126 criteria on its usability and efficiency. The study observed prototyping methodology in systems analysis, design, development, and implementation. The quantitative research was employed particularly purposive sampling during the system’s evaluation of its functional requirements, and the system’s behavioral aspect particularly usability and efficiency characteristics. The results revealed that the system, generally in accordance to the pre-defined functionalities, particularly, compliance with the Civil Service DTR report, with highly acceptable system’s behavioral characteristics on its usability and efficiency. It means the system functions adherence to institutional standards, highly usable particularly in the keeping, monitoring of the employees’ attendance and the whole system process provides efficiency. The realization of the study is an indicator of evolving to the culture of innovation for ethical knowledge-based society. It is recommended to consider relevant features like the automatic generation of payroll, summary lists of the employees’ requisition of the leave credits, and the computation of absences to sustain evolving the culture of innovation towards ethical knowledge-based society.

torque control, machine control, gears, electric actuators, actuators, aircraft, electromechanical actuators, control engineering computing, control system synthesis, power system, rapid-prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop laboratory platform, electro-mechanical actuator controls, electrical actuation, board next generation aircraft, advanced experimental testing capabilities, optimal system design, rapid control-prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop techniques, scale laboratory setups, entire electrical system, mechanical system, laboratory HiL, actuator motor control schemes, test conditions, laboratory test-bench, landing gear electromechanical actuator controls, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

To meet the challenges posed by the increasing use of electrical actuation on board next generation aircraft, advanced experimental testing capabilities are required to investigate optimal system design, performance and control. Rapid control-prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) techniques provide the ability to expedite experimental testing, allowing for elements of the system to be validated without requiring fully realised hardware. Previously, this would require large scale laboratory setups, where the entire electrical and mechanical system would have to be designed and built prior to experimental testing. This study presents the development of a laboratory HiL and rapid-prototyping test-bench, capable of investigating the performance of actuator motor control schemes, under a variety of test conditions. Experimental testing is carried out using a laboratory test-bench, demonstrating the performance of landing gear electromechanical actuator controls under power system and load transients.

wrist orthosis, 3d printing, fused deposition modelling, multi-material, fdm, abs, tpu, Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Manufactures, and TS1-2301

The paper presents design and manufacturing process of an individualized wrist orthosis. The patient’s upper limb was 3D scanned and the orthosis was design using a CAD system. Each part of the orthosis consists of two different materials, that fulfill different functions. By using the double-head Fused Deposition Modelling machine it was possible to produce theses parts in a single process without the need for additional assembly operations. The orthosis has been tested for mutual fit of parts, strength and comfort of use.

tooth contact analysis, eccentric cycloid gear engagement, rapid prototyping, Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, and T55-55.3

This paper presents a mathematical model and tooth contact analysis of eccentric cycloid gear mesh. Numerical simulations aimed at generating contact pattern for a sample gear pair were performed. Contact pattern was also determined for gear wheels made by additive fabrication from transparent light-activated resin.

Prostheses, Rapid Prototyping, Prosthesis Design, 3D Printing, Three Dimensional Printing, Transtibial, Socket Strength, Transtibial Socket, Thermoplastic, Lamination, Rapid Additive Manufacturing, Lower-limb Prostheses, Medical technology, R855-855.5, Orthopedic surgery, and RD701-811

BACKGROUND: Rapid Prototyping is becoming an accessible manufacturing method but before clinical adoption can occur, the safety of treatments needs to be established. Previous studies have evaluated the static strength of traditional sockets using ultimate strength testing protocols outlined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). OBJECTIVE: To carry out a pilot test in which 3D printed sockets will be compared to traditionally fabricated sockets, by applying a static ultimate strength test. METHODOLOGY: 36 sockets were made from a mold of a transtibial socket shape,18 for cushion liners with a distal socket attachment block and 18 for locking liners with a distal 4-hole pattern. Of the 18 sockets, 6 were thermoplastic, 6 laminated composites & 6 3D printed Polylactic Acid. Sockets were aligned in standard bench alignment and placed in a testing jig that applied forces simulating individuals of different weight putting force through the socket both early and late in the stance phase. Ultimate strength tests were conducted in these conditions. If a setup passed the ultimate strength test, load was applied until failure. FINDINGS: All sockets made for cushion liners passed the strength tests, however failure levels and methods varied. For early stance, thermoplastic sockets yielded, laminated sockets cracked posteriorly, and 3D printed socket broke circumferen-tially. For late stance, 2/3 of the sockets failed at the pylon. Sockets made for locking liners passed the ultimate strength tests early in stance phase, however, none of the sockets passed for forces late in stance phase, all broke around the lock mechanism. CONCLUSION: Thermoplastic, laminated and 3D printed sockets made for cushion liners passed the ultimate strength test protocol outlined by the ISO for forces applied statically in gait. This provides initial evidence that 3D printed sockets are statically safe to use on patients and quantifies the static strength of laminated and thermoplastic sockets. However, all set-ups of sockets made for locking liners failed at terminal stance. While further work is needed, this suggests that the distal reinforcement for thermoplastic, laminated and 3D printed sockets with distal cylindrical locks may need to be reconsidered. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/31008/24937 LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT 3D printing is a new manufacturing method that could be used to make prosthetic sockets (the part of the prosthesis connected to the individual). However, very little is known about the strength of 3D printed sockets and if they are safe to use. As Prosthetists are responsible for providing patients with safe treatments, the strength of 3D printed sockets needs to be established before they can be used in clinical practice. The strength of sockets made using current manufacturing methods was compared to those made using 3D printing. Strength was tested using the static portion of the ISO standard most applicable for this situation which outlines the forces a socket must take at 2 points in walking–when the foot is placed on the ground (early stance) and when the foot pushed off the ground (late stance). Sockets made for two prosthetic designs (cushion and locking) were tested to determine if one is safer than the other. All sockets made for cushion liners passed the standard for forces applied statically. However, different materials failed in different ways. At early stance, thermoplastic sockets yielded, laminated composite sockets cracked and 3D printed sockets broke circumferentially. At late stance other components failed 2/3 of the time before the sockets were affected. This provides initial evidence that sockets made for cushion liners are statically safe to use on patients. Sockets made for locking liners failed around the end, showing that 3D printing should not be used to create sockets with the design tested in this study. How to Cite: Pousett B, Lizcano A, Raschke S.U. An investigation of the structural strength of transtibial sockets fabricated using conventional methods and rapid prototyping techniques. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2019; Volume2, Issue1, No.2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i1.31008

distributed power generation, power system interconnection, decision making, control engineering computing, distribution networks, smart power grids, distributed energy resources, power industry, decision-making algorithms, real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop prototyping platform, real-life power distribution network, downstream device controllers, advanced functionalities, unique benchmark, hardware-in-the-loop integration, distribution network benchmark, electric power HIL, platform development including models, microgrid deployment, test platform, protective devices, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

This article provides a unique benchmark to integrate and systematically evaluate advanced functionalities of microgrid and downstream device controllers. The article describes Banshee, a real-life power distribution network. It also details a real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) prototyping platform to test the responses of the controllers and verify decision-making algorithms. The benchmark aims to address power industry needs for a common basis to integrate and evaluate controllers for the overall microgrid, distributed energy resources (DERs), and protective devices. The test platform will accelerate microgrid deployment, enable standard compliance verification, and further develop and test controllers' functionalities. These contributions will facilitate safe and economical demonstrations of the state-of-the-possible while verifying minimal impact to existing electrical infrastructure. All aspects of the benchmark and platform development including models, configuration files, and documentation are publicly available via the electric power HIL controls collaborative (EPHCC).

Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, and TA1501-1820

The extension of accessibility of CH to disabled people is a current topic of great importance. Today, there exist a lot of ongoing projects aimed at the extension of accessibility using the most recent and low cost technologies to improve accessibility to CH. One of the technologies, today available that can help to improve accessibility to CH, is certainly rapid prototyping. The main goal of the research here illustrated is the application of rapid prototyping for the extension of accessibility of Cultural Heritage (CH) to blind and visually impaired people. This document reports an experiment that compared the effectiveness of different 3D models for the introduction of blind and visually impaired people to the tactile use of models of monuments. In addition, this study focuses on defining standards and guidelines regarding features of 3D models, e.g. print resolution, in order to obtain greater legibility of models at different scales by the blind or visually impaired people. This paper shows a part of a wider Interreg EU research project, named I-ACCESS, aimed to study accessibility problems and solutions for CH. The experiments conducted with the sample of disabled people, allowed to obtain results on the most suitable printing parameters to be used.

on-site participation, mass-customized cities, bespoke construction deliveries, large-scale urban prototyping, responsive cities, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Shape-changing interface, shape display, prototyping, tangible user interface, design tool, Technology, and Science

A shape-changing user interface is a type of interface that interacts with users by changing its physical form. Although researchers have been extensively studying shape-changing user interfaces, relevant research on its various design aspects—including tools and methods—remains limited. Prototyping shape-changing interfaces often requires sophisticated equipment and knowledge, which makes this sphere of design unwelcoming for designers with limited resources and technical knowledge (e.g., design students). In this study, we propose ClothSurface—a simple and low-cost prototyping tool to design for shape displays—and explore its use through a series of design sessions. The results reveal that ClothSurface can allow inexperienced designers to illustrate their ideas and to explore the design space of shape displays.

prototyping, digital model, physical model, smart building envelope, design process, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, and GE1-350

In this study, a design methodology based on prototyping is proposed. This design methodology is intended to enhance the functionality of the test, differentiating it from the prototyping that is being conducted in conventional architectural design projects. The objective of this study is to explore reference cases that enable designers to maximize the utilization of both digital models and physical models that have been currently used in architectural designs. Also, it is to explore the complementary roles and effects of digital models and physical models. Smart Building Envelopes (SBEs) are one of challenging topics in architectural design and requires innovative design process included tests and risk management. A conceptual prototyping-based model considering the topic is applied to the design studio (education environment in university). Designing SBEs is not difficult to conceive ideas, but it is impossible to “implement” using the conventional design method. Implementing SBEs requires to strengthen validities and improve responsibilities of ideas in the stages of architectural designs, with cutting-edge technologies and smart materials. The design methodology enables designers (represented by students) to apply materials and manufacturing methods using digital models (parametric design, simulation, BIM) and physical models, rather than representing vanity images that are considered simple science fiction.

biomimicry, biologically inspired design, prototyping, design practice, design by analogy, cross-domain knowledge transfer, Technology, Engineering design, and TA174

A key challenge faced by biomimicry practitioners is making the conceptual leap between biology and design, particularly regarding collaborating across these knowledge domains and developing and evaluating design principles abstracted from biology. While many tools and resources to support biomimicry design exist, most largely rely on semantic techniques supporting analogical translation of information between biology and design. However, the challenges of evaluation and collaboration are common in design practice and frequently addressed through prototyping. This study explores the utility of prototyping in the unique context of biomimicry by investigating its impact on the abstraction and transfer of design principles derived from biology as well as on cross-domain collaboration between biologists and designers. Following a survey exploring current practices of practitioners, in depth interviews provided detailed accounts of project experiences that leveraged prototyping. Four primary themes were observed: (1) Approximation; (2) The Prototyping Principle; (3) Synthesis and Testing; and (4) Validation. These themes introduce a unique abstraction and transfer process based on form-finding and collaborative performance evaluation in contrast to the widely accepted semantic language-based approaches. Our findings illustrate how designers and engineers can leverage a prototyping skillset in order to develop boundary objects between the fields of biology and design to navigate challenges uniquely associated with the biomimicry approach.

Hospital dashboard, Prototyping, End-user computing, Satisfaction model, Information resources (General), and ZA3040-5185

In today's competitive environment, one of the new tools in the field ofinformation technology is business or organizational dashboards that are as abackup in the process of strategic management of organizations. The aim ofthis study is building a prototype of a hospital dashboard on the principles andguidelines of dashboards and evaluating it based on End UserComputing Satisfaction (EUCS). The prototype of a simple dashboard was prepared for evaluation, using experimental research through a questionnaire according to the end-user computing satisfaction model. The test results to compare the average of research variables consisted of satisfaction of the dashboard format, being up to date, ease of use, accuracy and content with average status showed a significant difference between the average of all variables and their average value. Results concluded that among the variables, the format which has had the highest satisfaction rate and accuracy has had the lowest levels of satisfaction among users. Also, the level of users’ satisfaction of all factors of the dashboard is equal.

innovative engineering activity, methodical system, rapid prototyping technology, competence, competence approach, and Education

Introduction. The methodological systems of preparation for innovative engineering activity involve the involvement of students in all stages of the innovation cycle, including obtaining an intangible innovative product. However, the inability to obtain in students a material innovative product reduces the effectiveness of the preparation of these systems. The purpose of this study is to create a methodical system for preparing students for innovative research activities based on their involvement in all stages of obtaining a material innovative product using additive technologies. Materials and Methods. For writing the article the authors used the main points of the integrated approach to learning (integration of theoretical and practical training of innovative research activities and interdisciplinary integration of various branches of science (pedagogy, mathematical modeling, 3D modeling, additive technologies, innovation). Results. The methodical system of training students of technical higher education institution has been created and implemented, ensuring their involvement in all stages of the innovation cycle due to the use of rapid prototyping technologies. The effectiveness of technologies is confirmed by the results of the pedagogical experiment. Discussion and Conclusions. The performed researches allowed to create a methodical system for training students of technical universities of innovative research activities based on rapid prototyping technologies. This method significantly improves the effectiveness of training. It ensures the participation of students in all stages of obtaining a material innovative product: during the study of the course, and during classroom sessions. This method was developed and tested for the implementation at National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. It provides the practical significance of the study considered in the article. Further development of the material presented in the article can be related to the expansion of the infrastructure of the Rapid Pro university center for designing and prototyping and attracting students to manufacturing industrial products.