articles+ search results

Interactive systems, rapid prototyping, interaction design, physical product design, design tools, design cycle, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Designing interactive prototypes involves multiple tools and skills. In addition, several design cycles are required to iterate through idea generation, evaluation of design alternatives, and development. Consequently, prototyping tools should offer flexibility and adaptability to allow designers to quickly test and evaluate different ideas, design alternatives, materials, interactions, etc. To meet these requirements, we designed Protobject – a rapid prototyping tool aimed at making the early stages of prototyping interactive products more flexible. Protobject allows designers to reinvent and reuse existing objects for prototyping purposes by making them interactive. After introducing the features of Protobject and discussing the differences with similar tools, we present a user evaluation through two workshop sessions held in Milan during Brera Design Days and attended by 22 people. The results suggest that Protobject facilitates cooperation between people with different skills by allowing them to envision interactive prototypes together.

Robustness optimization design, Rapid prototyping, Functional artifacts, Fuzzy decision-making, Infrared thermographs, Visualized computing digital twins, Drawing. Design. Illustration, NC1-1940, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Computer software, and QA76.75-76.765

Abstract This study presents a robustness optimization method for rapid prototyping (RP) of functional artifacts based on visualized computing digital twins (VCDT). A generalized multiobjective robustness optimization model for RP of scheme design prototype was first built, where thermal, structural, and multidisciplinary knowledge could be integrated for visualization. To implement visualized computing, the membership function of fuzzy decision-making was optimized using a genetic algorithm. Transient thermodynamic, structural statics, and flow field analyses were conducted, especially for glass fiber composite materials, which have the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, temperature resistance, dimensional stability, and electrical insulation. An electrothermal experiment was performed by measuring the temperature and changes in temperature during RP. Infrared thermographs were obtained using thermal field measurements to determine the temperature distribution. A numerical analysis of a lightweight ribbed ergonomic artifact is presented to illustrate the VCDT. Moreover, manufacturability was verified based on a thermal-solid coupled finite element analysis. The physical experiment and practice proved that the proposed VCDT provided a robust design paradigm for a layered RP between the steady balance of electrothermal regulation and manufacturing efficacy under hybrid uncertainties.

3dtechnology, pattern, prototyping, garment factories, virtual simulation), Fine Arts, Architecture, and NA1-9428

3D technology is considered one of the Pattern digital technologies that help this technology to increase, ease and speed of completion of industrial processes. This study deals with how to take advantage of 3D technology in developing the performance of the samples department in the technical department of ready-to-wear factories, in order to solve the problems of the samples section associated with the implementation of the 2D Pattern, as this problem was concluded through field study and practical experiences in ready-to-wear factories in Egypt.Controlling the fitting Pattern of clothes in the samples section faces many difficulties, the most important of which is the incompatibility of the industrial Pattern drawn with the human body “Pattern ". Where defects appeared in the product after conducting and implementing the first sample, which required making adjustments to the industrial Pattern and re-executing the sample a second time until it became free from defects and ready to perform the grading according to the measurements and the "order" of the operation order required to be executed to start production processes, which results in it. In the presence of lost time to implement the sample, as well as wasted effort, and wastes in the raw materials used in the implementation of the sample (fabric/ accessories / threads / and direct and indirect costs) that will be quantified after that.In order to find a solution to this problem, this research presents a case study using the "CLO5.1" program to improve the industrial Pattern in order to improve the quality of the male industrial Pattern drawing using 3D technology by making adjustments to some areas where the stress and stress ratios are high due to the lack of nan fitting of the Pattern. Industrial, which does not appear clearly even during implementation. The study concluded that the implementation of the CLO5.1 program in the sample section has succeeded in reducing the time wastage for sample production and the wastage of raw materials, thus reducing the cost of sample productionKey words :( 3Dtechnology ، pattern، Prototyping ، Garment Factories ،virtual simulation)

Power electronics, Inverters, Rapid control prototyping, Experimental setups, Science (General), and Q1-390

A flexible power electronic converter embedding a rapid control prototyping platform suitable to be applied in research test setups and teaching laboratories is proposed and described in this paper. The electronic system is composed of three subsystems, namely, i) three half-bridge power boards, ii) a dc-link capacitor bank with a half-bridge power module for active dc-link control, iii) an interfacing board, called motherboard, to couple the power modules with a control unit, iv) a digital control unit with rapid control prototyping functionalities for controlling power electronic circuits. Power modules integrate sensors with related conditioning circuits, driving circuits for power switches, and protection circuits. Conversion circuits exploit GaN electronic switches for optimal performance. The architecture and implementation of the system are described in detail in this manuscript. Main applications are in the implementation of conversion circuits for supplying arbitrary ac or dc voltages or currents, testing of new control algorithms for power electronic converters, testing of systems of electronic converters in, for example, smart nanogrids or renewable energy applications, training of undergraduate and graduate students.

AC machines, AC motor drives, AC motors, AC‐AC power convertors, AC‐DC power convertors, brushless machines, Applications of electric power, and TK4001-4102

Abstract Wind energy as the cleanest source of renewable energy requires a highly efficient lightweight generator that provides maximum power density while having the least vibration noise and maintenance. In this study, an axial air gap transverse flux machine is presented, and all excitation sources are located in the stator. This structure provides lower core loss, weight and cost due to the full utilisation of the permanent magnets, SMC‐free structure and short magnetic flux path. In fact, by combining the features of a flux‐switching machine into a transverse flux generator with an axial air gap, it is possible to improve the performance of a direct‐drive wind turbine generator by overcoming traditional structures' challenges. To analyse the axial transverse flux switching permanent magnet generator performance characteristics, 3D finite element simulations have been performed, which have been validated by comparing them to the practical results of a single‐phase prototype. The results are in agreement with an acceptable error that is caused by manufacturing uncertainties.

Digital twin, virtual platform, Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Modern technological industries fused with the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have been advancing rapidly. The joint usage of several technologies has led to the reshaping of the modeling and simulation techniques into the virtualization of physical systems. Thus, the concept of virtual prototyping has emerged as a significant development in distributed IoT applications that includes early exploration, optimization, and security assessments. Several industries have been employing various types of prototyping e.g., virtual platforms, digital twins, and application-specific virtualization techniques, to achieve individual needs for development. In this survey, we clarify some of these concepts and the distinctions between them, provide a comprehensive overview of various prototyping technologies, and discuss how several virtualization technologies play a transformative role in the design and operation of intelligent cyber-physical systems.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Droplet microfluidics offers a platform from which new digital molecular assay, disease screening, wound healing and material synthesis technologies have been proposed. However, the current commercial droplet generation, assembly and imaging technologies are too expensive and rigid to permit rapid and broad-range tuning of droplet features/cargoes. This rapid prototyping bottleneck has limited further expansion of its application. Herein, an inexpensive home-made pipette droplet microfluidics kit is introduced. This kit includes elliptical pipette tips that can be fabricated with a simple DIY (Do-It-Yourself) tool, a unique tape-based or 3D printed shallow-center imaging chip that allows rapid monolayer droplet assembly/immobilization and imaging with a smart-phone camera or miniature microscope. The droplets are generated by manual or automatic pipetting without expensive and lab-bound microfluidic pumps. The droplet size and fluid viscosity/surface tension can be varied significantly because of our particular droplet generation, assembly and imaging designs. The versatility of this rapid prototyping kit is demonstrated with three representative applications that can benefit from a droplet microfluidic platform: (1) Droplets as microreactors for PCR reaction with reverse transcription to detect and quantify target RNAs. (2) Droplets as microcompartments for spirulina culturing and the optical color/turbidity changes in droplets with spirulina confirm successful photosynthetic culturing. (3) Droplets as templates/molds for controlled synthesis of gold-capped polyacrylamide/gold composite Janus microgels. The easily fabricated and user-friendly portable kit is hence ideally suited for design, training and educational labs.

mineral fertilizers, energy-saving technologies, working tool, uniformity of distribution, 3d, cad model, prototyping, experimental research, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), and T1-995

Introduction. Improvement of the agro-industrial complex involves the creation of new and modernizations of existing working tools and machines. The important conditions for this are the application of modern technologies and ongoing cooperation with the actual manufacturing. The aim of the research is to develop an adaptive centrifugal working tool and improve the quality of mineral fertilization. Materials and Methods. The adaptive centrifugal working tool was developed and manufactured based on studying the state of the matter and requirements to machines for mineral fertilization. At all stages of the research, there were used computer-aided design and rapid prototyping methods based on additive technologies. Results. As a result of the use of the presented working tools, the machine operating width has increased by 10.0‒22.5%. Experimental working tools, in comparison with serial ones, allow decreasing uneven distribution of mineral fertilizers by 13.4% due to their redistribution from the central zone to the edges. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of experimental studies, the efficiency of the developed adaptive centrifugal working tools has been proved. It allows increasing uniformity of mineral fertilizer distribution and the machine operating width. Modern design methods make it possible to considerably reduce time and costs.

H∞ algorithm, rapid prototyping, displacement volume control, axial piston pump, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

A system for the rapid prototyping of real-time control algorithms for open-circuit variable displacement axial-piston pumps is presented. In order to establish real-time control, and communication and synchronization with the programmable logic controller of an axial piston pump, the custom CAN communication protocol is developed. This protocol is realized as a Simulink® S-function, which is a part of main Simulink® model. This model works in real-time and allows for the implementation of rapid prototyping of various control strategies including advanced algorithms such as H∞ control. The aim of the algorithm is to achieve control system performance in the presence of various load disturbances with an admissible control signal rate and amplitude. In contrast to conventional systems, the developed solution suggests using an embedded approach for the prototyping of various algorithms. The obtained results show the advantages of the designed H∞ controller that ensure the robustness of a closed-loop system in the presence of significant load disturbances. These type of systems with displacement volume regulation are important for industrial hydraulic drive systems with relatively high power.

axial fan, ventilation, efficiency, rapid prototyping, CFD, FEM, and Technology

The article discusses the process of designing and testing as well as their results, carried out in order to increase the efficiency of axial fans, implemented as part of the European project INESI. Modifications of existing solutions based on rapid prototyping methods were presented. Scanning, FEM and CFD numerical calculations and 3D printing were used for that purpose. Rapid prototyping involved the use of a steel blade base and 3D-printed complex aerodynamic shapes that were bonded to create completely new blades. After their installation on the new rotor, enabling the angle of attack adjusting, a number of verifying tests of the fan were carried out. The solution was successfully tested and the results are discussed in the article.

Shoulder reduction, Simulation device, Traction-countertraction, External rotation maneuver, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, and R858-859.7

Abstract Background Shoulder dislocations are common occurrences, yet there are few simulation devices to train medical personnel on how to reduce these dislocations. Reductions require a familiarity with the shoulder and a nuanced motion against strong muscle tension. The goal of this work is to describe the design of an easily replicated, low-cost simulator for training shoulder reductions. Materials and methods An iterative, stepwise engineering design process was used to design and implement ReducTrain. A needs analysis with clinical experts led to the selection of the traction-countertraction and external rotation methods as educationally relevant techniques to include. A set of design requirements and acceptance criteria was established that considered durability, assembly time, and cost. An iterative prototyping development process was used to meet the acceptance criteria. Testing protocols for each design requirement are also presented. Step-by-step instructions are provided to allow the replication of ReducTrain from easily sourced materials, including plywood, resistance bands, dowels, and various fasteners, as well as a 3D-printed shoulder model, whose printable file is included at a link in the Additional file 1: Appendix. Results A description of the final model is given. The total cost for all materials for one ReducTrain model is under US $200, and it takes about 3 h and 20 min to assemble. Based on repetitive testing, the device should not see any noticeable changes in durability after 1000 uses but may exhibit some changes in resistance band strength after 2000 uses. Discussion The ReducTrain device fills a gap in emergency medicine and orthopedic simulation. Its wide variety of uses points to its utility in several instructional formats. With the rise of makerspaces and public workshops, the construction of the device can be easily completed. While the device has some limitations, its robust design allows for simple upkeep and a customizable training experience. Conclusion A simplified anatomical design allows for the ReducTrain model to serve as a viable training device for shoulder reductions.

3D printing, BBC micro:bit, differential drive, Scratch, STEM education, and Technology

This paper describes the process of designing and prototyping a low-cost robotic platform based on existing equipment and projects that enable extracurricular STEM activities in Croatia and beyond. A robotic platform with a differential drive configuration was chosen for education from an early age due to its simplicity and a wide range of cheap and compatible components from which it can be made. From the aspect of integration into extracurricular or curricular activities, the BBC micro:bit ecosystem was considered, enabling block-based visual programming. Components with printable parts make up the assembly of the educational robot. The main steps in designing and creating a robot prototype are presented, which consist of the modelling, 3D printing of robot parts, and assembly into a functional system. After several stages of testing, an interactive workshop was held with 7th-grade primary school pupils. Further work is planned to create educational material for extracurricular STEM workshops.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Soft lithography has permitted rapid prototyping of precise microfluidic features by patterning a deformable elastomer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a photolithographically patterned mold. In microfluidics applications where the flexibility of PDMS is a drawback, a variety of more rigid materials have been proposed. Compared to alternatives, devices fabricated from epoxy and glass have superior mechanical performance, feature resolution, and solvent compatibility. Here we provide a detailed step-by-step method for fabricating rigid microfluidic devices from soft lithography patterned epoxy and glass. The bonding protocol was optimized yielding devices that withstand pressures exceeding 500 psi. Using this method, we demonstrate the use of rigid high aspect ratio spiral microchannels for high throughput cell focusing.

type 2 diabetes mellitus, mhealth, mobile app, Medicine (General), and R5-920

Yu Heng Kwan,1– 4 Zhi Quan Ong,5 Dawn Yee Xi Choo,1 Jie Kie Phang,2,4 Sungwon Yoon,2,4 Lian Leng Low2,4,6– 9 1Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; 2Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; 3Internal Medicine Residency, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore; 4Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore; 5School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; 6Population Health & Integrated Care Office (PHICO), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 7Department of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 8Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 9SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, SingaporeCorrespondence: Lian Leng Low, Department of Family Medicine & Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore, Tel +65 63265872, Email low.lian.leng@singhealth.com.sgBackground: Diabetes is a global public health issue, causing burden on healthcare system and increasing risk of mortality. Mobile applications (apps) can be a promising approach to facilitate diabetes self-management. An increasingly utilized approach to facilitate engagement with mobile health (mHealth) technology is to involve potential users in the creation of the technology.Objective: The aim of this study was to use co-design for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management mHealth development.Methods: Three rounds of iterative rapid prototyping panel sessions were conducted with a total of 9 T2DM participants in an Asian setting between Oct 2020 and April 2021. The participants were recruited through convenience sampling. For each round, feedback was gathered through qualitative interviews, and the feedback was used as a reference by the development team to develop and test a more refined version of the app in the next round. Transcribed semi-structured interview data was analyzed thematically using an inductive approach.Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 40 to 69 years. Data saturation was reached, with no new themes emerging from the data. During the sessions, the participants expressed a variety of concerns and feedback on T2DM self-management using EMPOWER app and raised suggestions on the features of ideal T2DM self-management app. Important features include 1) reminders and notifications for medications, 2) Bluetooth integration with glucometers and blood pressure machines to minimize manual entry, 3) enlarged local food database including information on sugar content and recommendations for healthier options, 4) one touch for logging of routine medications and favorite foods, 5) export function for data sharing with physicians. Overall inputs concerned aspects such as user-friendliness of the app, customization possibilities, and educational content for the features in the mobile app.Conclusion: In this study, we explored users’ opinions on a T2DM self-management mobile app using co-design approach. This study adds to the growing body of literature on co-designing behavioral mHealth interventions and can potentially guide researchers in mobile app design for other chronic conditions.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, mHealth, mobile app

electroless nickel plating, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, rapid prototyping, Mechanical engineering and machinery, and TJ1-1570

Electroless plating on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a metallization process that involves a reduction and oxidation reaction between the nickel source and the substrate material. The purpose of this research is to determine the ability of nickel deposition in the nickel electroless plating process with a specific etching time variation. This nickel electroless procedure begins with a chromic acid etching process that can last anywhere from 15 to 55 minutes and is useful for increasing roughness and creating submicroscopic cavities. After the etching process is finished, the surface roughness test is performed with a Mitutoyo SJ-210. Additionally, the activation step is carried out for 5 minutes in order for the polymer to become a conductor, allowing the plating process to proceed. The electroless plating process was then carried out for 55 and 75 minutes, with the goal of depositing nickel metal on the ABS surface. The coating results were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy IRSpirit/ATR-S serial No. A224158/Shimadzu to determine the functional groups formed both before and after the coating process, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the character of the crystal structure, and phase analysis of a solid material using PANalytical type E'xpert Pro, To determine the surface morphology, the Zeiss EVO MA 10 was used to perform scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) at 1000x magnification. The test findings demonstrate that, based on a range of investigations, etching variations of 15,25,35,45, and 55 minutes etching time 55 minutes are the best nickel deposited substrates, as evidenced by EDS data, where this treatment has the largest weight fraction of nickel. As a result, the longer the etching period, the rougher the surface becomes, affecting the capacity of nickel deposition to increase. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated in this investigation that the nickel deposited is in an amorphous form.

mathematical prototyping method, energy processes, systems identification, symbolic regression, digital twins, and Technology

The use of digital twins in smart power systems at the stages of the life cycle is promising. The dynamics of such systems (smart energy renewable sources, smart energy hydrogen systems, etc.), are determined mainly by the physical and chemical processes occurring inside the systems. The basis for developing digital twins is reliable mathematical models of the systems. In the present paper, the authors present a method of energy processes mathematical prototyping—an overall approach to modeling processes of various physical and chemical natures based on modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics, mechanics, and electrodynamics. Controlled parameters are connected with measured ones by developing a theoretically correct system of process dynamics equations with accuracy up to the experimentally studied properties of substances and processes. Subsequent transformation into particular mathematical models of a specific class of systems makes this approach widely applicable. The properties of substances and processes are given in the form of functional dependencies on the state of the system up to experimentally determined constant coefficients. The authors consider algorithms for identifying the constant coefficients of the functions of substances and processes properties, which complement the proposed unified approach of designing models of various physical and chemical nature systems.

prototyping, design thinking, higher education institution, HEI management, cognitive biases, and Education

A project using design thinking (DT) was conducted among internal stakeholders of a large state Japanese university to design a user-centric brochure promoting study abroad programs at francophone partner universities. The low-fidelity prototype and the final product created with DT were tested by asking potential student-users to compare it with a standard brochure through two sets of surveys. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data revealed that low-fidelity prototyping was effective to enhance both the utility and usability of the final product. We also show how DT helped expose cognitive biases among designers.

Autotransplantation, Rapid prototyping, Root canal treatment, Dentistry, and RK1-715

Abstract Background Autotransplantation is a beneficial treatment with a high success rate for young patients. However, most adult patients require root canal treatment (RCT) of the donor teeth after the autotransplantation procedure, which causes a prolonged treatment time and additional expenses and increases the rate of future tooth fracture. Rapid prototyping (RP)-assisted autotransplantation shortens the extra-alveolar time and enables a superior clinical outcome. However, no cohort studies of the application of this method on adult populations have been reported. Methods This study is a retrospective cohort study. All patients underwent autotransplantation from 2012 to 2020 in the Kaohsiung and Chia-Yi branches of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and the procedure and clinical outcomes were analysed. Differences in clinical outcomes, age, sex, extra-alveolar time, fixation method, and RCT rate were compared between the two groups. Results We enrolled 21 patients, 13 treated using the conventional method and 8 treated using the RP-based technique. The RCT rates of the conventional group and RP group were 92.3% and 59%, respectively. The mean age of the two groups was significantly different (28.8 ± 10 vs. 21.6 ± 2.1); after performing subgroup analysis by excluding all of the patients aged > 40 years, we found that the RCT rates were still significantly different (91.0% vs. 50%). The mean extra-alveolar time was 43 s in the RP group, and the autotransplantation survival rate in both groups was 100%. Conclusions Rapid prototyping-assisted autotransplantation was successfully adopted for all patients in our study population. By shortening the extra-alveolar time, only 50% of the patients required a root canal treatment with a 100% autotransplantation survival rate. Trial Registration : Retrospectively registered.

Strategic design, Methodology, Actor-Network Theory, Prototyping, Research, Technology (General), T1-995, Economics as a science, and HB71-74

Published in two parts, this article presents an evidence-based research and prototyping method for strategic design. In Part 1, we introduce the concept of DARN as an updated version of Actor-Network Theory (ANT). DARN is a theoretical framework used to study, rearrange, or remake the constituents of an organization or problem universe. In Part 2, we propose that DARN can be used to for several purposes. (1) It can help organizations reach their stated objectives. (2) It can define, darn, or solve organizational problems with evidence-based and collaborative design interventions. (3) It allows us to imagine new organizational models with complex and distributed agency considerations. (4) It can improve and measure the impact of design interventions within organizational strategy. The DARN approach is critical of social engineering and design solutionism. This approach proposes using collaborative strategic design in sector-agnostic organizational contexts to support designers in problematization, research, conceptualization, prototyping, testing, and impact measurement. Further, DARN presents a single frame that designers and scientists can use simultaneously without imposing an a priori language on each other. It can also serve other actors with whom they work and study. The article concludes with a practical discussion of how to apply DARN on the ground while considering its limits.

Strategic Design, Methodology, Actor-Network Theory, Prototyping, Research, Technology (General), T1-995, Economics as a science, and HB71-74

This article presents the first part of a study that aims at proposing an evidence-based research and prototyping methodology for strategic design. Analyzing the emergence of Strategic Design, we argue that a historically unprecedented rapprochement between intangible design and social research opens a spectrum of possibility for conducting design and science in a new way. First, we examine the emergence of strategic design and discuss its institutionalization in academic and professional contexts. Second, we summarize the three ways of approaching Strategic Design as (1) Discipline, (2) Practice and (3) Attitude. Third, drawing on the social sciences as inspired by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we define Strategic Design as an evidence-based and social scientifically informed creative practice that aims at proposing a new way to arrange or remake the interaction between devices (D), actors (A), representations (R), and networks (N) in any given organization or problem universe. Preparing a groundwork to develop a research and prototyping methodology for strategic design, the paper ends with a methodological discussion as a segue to Part 2 (available in this issue of She-Ji) that presents DARN as a theoretical toolkit for strategic designers.

precision medicine, knowledgebase, polymorphic foreign key, mind map, prototyping tool, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, and RC581-607

BackgroundWith significant advancements in the area of precision medicine, the breadth and complexity of the relevant knowledge in the field has increased significantly. However, the difficulty associated with dynamic modelling and the disorganization of such knowledge hinders its rapid development potential.ResultsTo overcome the difficulty in using the relational database model for dynamic modelling, and to aid in the organization of precision medicine knowledge, we developed the Mind Mapping Knowledgebase Prototyping (MMKP) tool. The MMKP implements a novel design that we call a “polymorphic foreign key”, which allows the establishment of a logical linkage between a single table field and a record from any table. This design has advantages in supporting dynamic changes to the structural relationships in precision medicine knowledge. Knowledge stored in MMKP is presented as a mind map to facilitate human interaction. When using this tool, medical experts may curate the structure and content of the precision knowledge in a flow that is similar to the human thinking process.ConclusionsThe design of polymorphic foreign keys natively supports knowledge modelling in the form of mind mapping, which avoids the hard-coding of medical logic into a rigid database schema and significantly reduces the workload that is required for adapting a relational data model to future changes to the medical logic. The MMKP tool provides a graphical user interface for both data management and knowledgebase prototyping. It supports the flexible customization of the data field constraints and annotations. MMKP is available as open-source code on GitHub: https://github.com/ZjuLiangsl/mmkp.

Medicine

Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilators vital to keeping infected patients alive, were in short supply globally. Our aim was to rapidly prototype and implement production of basic ventilators to serve the local and regional needs in this emergency situation. Methods We adopted a supply-to-design approach, estimating the potential demand for ventilator units and sourcing for common off-the-shelf components available in the estimated quantities, to assemble ventilator units which met the essential requirements for clinical use. We determined the minimum requirements of a basic ventilator based on published specifications and clinician input. Building the ventilator involved interdisciplinary collaboration (between clinicians, industry, hospital innovation engineers and government partners), prototyping and repeated iterations, bench testing, animal testing, regulatory processes, ISO13485 quality management processes, licensing and user acceptability testing. Results We prototyped a limited feature ventilator to supplement hospital ventilators which could be manufactured in sufficient numbers within a short span of time from easily available component parts. Developed with close attention to clinician user input with compliance to ISO standards and quality management processes where possible, this ventilator system was composed of coupled resuscitation bags, motor systems, and pressure and flow sensors capable of delivering ventilator breaths within safe and clinically important targets. This system is functional on ambient air with or without low pressure oxygen supplementation. User feedback cited size, alarms and intuitiveness of controls as potential areas for improvement. Conclusions Further modification based on user acceptability testing results are needed to refine the usability of this limited feature ventilator.

Nanosatellites, Nanosats, Small satellites, IoT connectivity, Gamma radiation, Technology, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, and TL1-4050

This work presents the design and prototyping of two 1U standard CubeSats for the First Brazilian MCTI Satellite Olympiad, launching one in a stratospheric helium-filled balloon. The nanosatellites were designed for two missions: Internet of Things connectivity in remote areas based on CubeSat (IoSat) and low-orbit harmful gamma radiation mapping (LOHGRM). The IoSat mission aimed to provide server connectivity for a remote sensor network. The LOHGRM CubeSat was designed for sensing and mapping gamma radiation power levels in the satellite’s orbit to construct a heat map to study the gamma radiation effect on the equipment. The prototype’s performance was evaluated based on physical, mechanical, magnetic, thermal, and transmission characterization, with satisfactory results under test conditions. The LOHGRM mission test was carried out on the ground as proof of concept without flying while a stratospheric balloon launched the IoSat prototype. Due to restrictions imposed by the competition, the IoSat nanosatellite only captured and registered altitude, pressure, and temperature data without testing the communication payload. Instead, this data was sent to the ground station through the competition communication system and stored in a memory card to assess its operation during the flying. The satellite’s maximum altitude was 22.6 km, operating under –23.5 °C.

engineering, application, archiving, prototyping, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

National Land Agency received requests for land rights every day. The letters can be submitted through two stages of acceptance and archiving. Still using conventional systems makes data retrieval requires relatively more time. This research aims to design and build an information system data archiving for incoming request at the National Land Agency. The software has been designed with login feature, data management land owners and land owner data search and print feature data. Analysis of system requirements using object-oriented method which uses the use-case diagram in order to illustrate the functionality of the system and some of the criteria of non-functional requirements are also outlined. The next step was the coding implementation and evaluation of the system built. The system development method used was the prototyping method. The selection of this method was intended, therefore the client can get a clear picture of the system being built. Evaluation was conducted in the developer and the user environment. The evaluation in the user environment was done by distributing questionnaires covering three parameters namely the usefulness of the application, ease of use and user satisfaction. The results showed that the information systems built have a useful value (85.7%) and are easy to use (100%), therefore it satisfied the users.

subtractive rapid prototyping, additive rapid prototyping, rapid prototyping process selection, analytic hierarchy process, multi-criteria decision analysis, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, and T55.4-60.8

The present research addresses a comparative analysis among Additive (ARP) and Subtractive (SRP) rapid prototyping techniques, aiming to determine which approach presents greater technical and economic viability for physical prototype manufacturing. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision method was used to categorize and quantify the analysis criteria. The analyzed Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques were the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling as SRP technique and the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process as ARP. The SRP rapid prototyping technique is the most suitable alternative for manufacturing prototypes, according to the analyzed evaluation criteria.

Manufactures, TS1-2301, Technological innovations. Automation, and HD45-45.2

Abstract Industry 4.0 has ushered in a new era of digital manufacturing and in this context, digital twins are considered as the next wave of simulation technologies. The development and commissioning of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is taking advantage of these technologies to improve product quality while reducing costs and time to market. However, existing practices of virtual design prototyping and commissioning require the cooperation of domain specific engineering fields. This involves considerable effort as development is mostly carried out in different departments using vendor specific simulation tools. There is still no integrated simulation environment commercially available, in which all engineering disciplines can work collaboratively. This presents a major challenge when interlinking virtual models with their physical counterparts. This paper therefore addresses these challenges by implementing a holistic and vendor agnostic digital twin solution for design prototyping and commissioning practices. The solution was tested in an industrial use case, in which the digital twin effectively prototyped cost‐efficient solar assembly lines.

Additive manufacturing, Two-photon, Direct laser writing, Photolithography, 3D microscopy, SU-8, Electronics, TK7800-8360, Technology (General), and T1-995

Multifocus gratings (MFGs) enable microscopes and other imaging systems to record entire Z-stacks of images in a single camera exposure. The exact grating shape depends on microscope parameters like wavelength and magnification and defines the multiplexing onto a grid of MxN Z-slices. To facilitate the swift production and alteration of MFGs for a system and application at hand, we have developed a fabrication protocol that allows manufacturing of 1xN MFGs within hours and without the requirement of clean room facilities or hazardous etching steps. Our approach uses photolithography with a custom-built stage-scanning direct laser writing (DLW) system. By writing MFG grating lines into spin-coated negative tone SU-8 photoresist, polymerized parts are crafted onto the substrate and thus directly become a part of the grating structure. We provide software to generate the required MFG grating line paths, details of the DLW system and fully characterize a manufactured MFG. Our produced MFG is 5.4 mm in diameter and manages to record an image volume with a Z-span of over 600 μm without spherical aberrations or noticeable loss of resolution.

context-based interface prototyping, autonomous vehicles, human–machine interfaces, prototyping methods, simulation, physical context, Technology, and Science

Before autonomous vehicles (AVs; SAE levels 4 and 5) become broadly available, acceptance challenges such as trust and safety concerns must be overcome. In the development of appropriate HMIs that will tackle these challenges, physical and social context play essential roles. Contextual factors thus need to be considered in early prototyping stages. Based on a qualitative semi-systematic literature review and knowledge from our research, this paper elaborates on the value of context-based interface prototyping in the AV domain. It provides a comprehensive overview and a discussion of applicable methods, including physical lab-based prototyping (mock-up, ride simulation with virtual and mixed reality, and immersive video), social context simulation (actors, enactment, items and props, and sound), wizard-of-oz, and experimental vehicles. Finally, the paper discusses factors affecting the impact of prototyping and derives recommendations for the application of prototyping methods in future AV studies.

virtual factory, digital twin, virtual prototyping, virtual reality, simulation and modeling, industry 4.0, Information technology, and T58.5-58.64

Shortening lifecycles and increasing complexity make product and production lifecycle processes more challenging than ever for manufacturing enterprises. Virtual Prototyping (VP) technologies promise a viable solution to handle such challenges in reducing time and physical builds as well as increasing quality. In previous studies, the Digital Twin (DT) based Virtual Factory (VF) concept showed significant potential to handle co-evolution by integrating 3D factory and product models with immersive and interactive 3D Virtual Reality (VR) simulation technology as well as real-time bidirectional data synchronisation between virtual and physical production systems. In this article, we present an extension to the paper “Demonstrating and Evaluating the Digital Twin Based Virtual Factory for Virtual Prototyping” presented at CARV2021. The study presents an evaluation by industry experts of the DT based VF concept for VP in the context of New Product Introduction (NPI) processes. The concept is demonstrated in two cases: wind turbine blade manufacturing and nacelle assembly operations at Vestas Wind Systems A/S. The study shows that the VF provides an immersive virtual environment, which allows the users to reduce the time needed for prototyping. The industry experts propose several business cases for the introduced solution and find that the phases that would have the most gain are the later ones (production) where the product design is more mature.

piezoelectric transducer, ultrasonic transducer, manufacturing, rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, 3D printing, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

We present a rapid prototyping method for sub-megahertz single-element piezoelectric transducers by using 3D-printed components. In most of the early research phases of applying new sonication ideas, the prototyping quickness is prioritized over the final packaging quality, since the quickness of preliminary demonstration is crucial for promptly determining specific aims and feasible research approaches. We aim to develop a rapid prototyping method for functional ultrasonic transducers to overcome the current long lead time (>a few weeks). Here, we used 3D-printed external housing parts considering a single matching layer and either air backing or epoxy-composite backing (acoustic impedance > 5 MRayl). By molding a single matching layer on the top surface of a piezoceramic in a 3D-printed housing, an entire packaging time was significantly reduced ( 1) at focus with temporal pulse controllability (maximum amplitude by pp far-field transmitting sensitivity with 25.3% fractional bandwidth whereas the type B transducer showed 2.1 kPa/Vpp transmitting sensitivity with 43.3% fractional bandwidth. As this method provided discernable quickness and cost efficiency, this detailed rapid prototyping guideline can be useful for early-phase sonication projects, such as multi-element therapeutic ultrasound array and micro/nanomedicine testing benchtop device prototyping.

arthroplasty, replacement, hip, surgical planning, 3D printing, Medicine, Orthopedic surgery, and RD701-811

Abstract This article presents a comparison between two cases in which there was a need for revision of total hip arthroplasty due to aseptic acetabular failure. We used 3D prototyping in one of the cases to perform an unconventional technique of molding synthesis material before the procedure to evaluate the time saved in the transoperative period in complex cases.

website e-commerce, metode prototyping, kedai kopi kontekstual, Mathematics, QA1-939, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Bisnis kedai kopi telah mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Adanya trend nongkrong membuat bisnis kedai kopi meningkatkan pelayanan untuk kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas pelayanan, produk, dan pengalaman pemasaran memiliki dampak penting dalam memenuhi kepuasan konsumen. Kedai Kopi Kontekstual merupakan kedai kopi yang berlokasi di Banyumas. Kedai Kopi Kontekstual masih dalam proses bertumbuh dan berkembang. Asset yang dimiliki Kedai Kopi Kontekstual cukup besar yaitu kebun kopi, mesin roasting, dan SDM. Melalui asset tersebut pemilik berharap dapat menjangkau pasar nasional. Kondisi pasar yang terbatas membuat Kedai Kopi Kontekstual perlu melakukan upaya jaringan pemasaran yang lebih luas. Sebagai upaya pengembangan pasar Kedai Kopi Kontekstual membutuhkan fasilitasi sistem dalam yang mampu mengakomodasikan penjualan dan sistem transaksi. Metode prototyping merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam rekayasa perangkat lunak yang mendemonstrasikan bagaimana mengembangkan sistem secara sederhana, memberikan akses kepada pengguna konsep dasar sistem serta pengujian. UML digunakan sebagai rancangan gambaran sistem secara keseluruhan, website berbasis online menggunakan bahasa pemrograman visual studio code, javascript (framework ReactJS), Node Js dan database MySQL. Tujuan dari perancangan website adalah memperluas jangkauan pemasaran, brandawareness, dan meningkatkan pengetahuan calon pelanggan terhadap Kedai Kopi Kontekstual. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berhasil membuat rancangan website yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Kedai Kopi Kontekstual.

Rapid Prototyping, 3Dimentional Printing, Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Method, Inkjet-Based System, Medical technology, and R855-855.5

Purpose: Rapid Prototyping (RP) methods have for quite some time been utilized to construct complex 3-Dimensional (3D) models in the field of medicine since the 1900s. This paper intends to offer a thorough audit of different RP strategies, especially in Prosthodontics that are relied upon to carry numerous enhancements to this field. Materials and Methods: A pursuit was made using the Google scholar web and the PubMed database as a search engine. The keywords; ‘RP’, ‘rapid prototyping’, ‘3D printing’, ‘dentistry’ and ‘prosthodontics’, ‘stereolithography’, ‘selective laser sintering’, ‘fused deposition method’, and ‘inkjet-based system’ were looked at in the title/abstract of distributions. References of selected articles were additionally looked into for conceivable incorporation in the study. The selected articles utilized RP procedures in different fields of dentistry through various methods. Nonetheless, distributions concerning the dental utilization of RP advancements are as yet uncommon. Results: Although the concept of layering 3D objects is almost as old as human civilization, this technology has only lately been applied to the construction of 3D complex models in dentistry. Many additional methods appear to be on the horizon that could alter standard dentistry practises in the near future. More unit hours should be included in dentistry curriculums to familiarise dental professionals with the various advantages of this unique technology. Conclusion: Lately, RP using the property of adding substances or layering strategies have advanced quickly in different fields of dentistry as they can overcome known disadvantages of subtractive and regular procedures. RP has as of late proposed effective uses in different fields of dentistry, like fabrication of implant surgical guides, structures for Removable Partial Dentures (RPDs), Fixed Partial Dentures (FPDs), wax designs for the dental prosthesis, maxillofacial prosthesis, zirconia prosthesis, and molds for metal castings now as well for complete dentures.

computing arrays, field programmable analog arrays, leaky integrate and fire neuron, tactile sensing system, field programmable gate arrays, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, and RC321-571

Intelligent sensor systems are essential for building modern Internet of Things applications. Embedding intelligence within or near sensors provides a strong case for analog neural computing. However, rapid prototyping of analog or mixed signal spiking neural computing is a non-trivial and time-consuming task. We introduce mixed-mode neural computing arrays for near-sensor-intelligent computing implemented with Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The combinations of FPAA and FPGA pipelines ensure rapid prototyping and design optimization before finalizing the on-chip implementations. The proposed approach architecture ensures a scalable neural network testing framework along with sensor integration. The experimental set up of the proposed tactile sensing system in demonstrated. The initial simulations are carried out in SPICE, and the real-time implementation is validated on FPAA and FPGA hardware.

grid connected converter, power converter, rapid prototyping, power electronics, digital control, power factor corrector, Electronics, and TK7800-8360

The growing use of power converters connected to the grid motivates their study in power electronics courses and the prototype development in the degree final project (DFP). However, the practical realization of using state-of-the-art components and conversion techniques is complex due to the numerous multidisciplinary aspects that students must consider in its design and development and the workload associated with the DFP. An example of this is that, unlike a conventional power factor correction (PFC) design, the individual dedication of students to complete the design and validation of modern bridgeless PFC stages exceeds the number of credits of the DFP. The reason for this is that it includes system modeling, becoming familiar with the devices used, discrete selection, circuit design, control development, and programming, to build the converter and verify the operation of the complete system. To reinforce the individual skills needed for the DFP and reduce this time, a novel strategy is proposed. It allows the student to focus their efforts on integrating the individual skills achieved in the degree at the appropriate competence level during the modeling and construction of the power converter while carrying out part of the tasks out of the lab, if necessary, as was the case during the pandemic restrictions. For this, the rapid prototyping technique is introduced to speed up the overall design and speed up the tuning of digital controllers. This manuscript presents a teaching experience in which students build digitally controlled power converters using Texas Instruments microcontroller boards and PLECS®. The example of a bridgeless totem-pole power factor corrector is shown. Although it began to develop and was motivated due to the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the experience has been verified and is maintained over time, successfully consolidating.

3d printing, multilayer printed circuit boards, prototyping, ldm, additive technology, 3d printer electronics, nano inks, Information theory, and Q350-390

A new direction in 3D printing was investigated – prototyping of single-sided, double-sided and multilayer printed circuit boards. The current capabilities and limitations of 3D printed circuit board printing technology were identified. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of two desktop 3D printers presented in the industry for prototyping radio electronics, as well as the first professional machine DragonFly LDM 2020, which is a mini-factory for prototyping multilayer printed circuit boards, was carried out. The first practical experience of working and printing on DragonFly LDM 2020 supplied to the megalaboratory “3D prototyping and control of multilayer printed circuit boards” of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Telecommunication Systems MIREA – Russian Technological University is presented. The first samples of electronic boards printed on a 3D printer by the method of inkjet printing were obtained. An additive technology for the production of multilayer printed circuit boards is considered: printing with two printheads with conductive and dielectric nano-ink with two curing systems: an infrared sintering system for conductive ink and a UV curing system for dielectric ink. The LDM (Dragonfly Lights-out Digital Manufacturing) production method with the necessary maintenance is presented. The method allows the system to work roundthe-clock with minimal human intervention, significantly increasing the productivity of 3D printing and expanding the possibilities of prototyping. The materials used for 3D printing of multilayer printed circuit boards and their characteristics were investigated: dielectric acrylate nano-ink (Dielectric Ink 1092 – Dielectric UV Curable Acrylates Ink), conducting ink with silver nanoparticles (AgCite™ 90072 Silver Nanoparticle Conductive Ink). The research carried out allows us to compare the technological standards of printed electronics with traditional methods of manufacturing multilayer printed circuit boards for a number of parameters.

virtual prototyping, products design, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, Fine Arts, Architecture, and NA1-9428

At present, speed is a key factor in the design and development of industrial products, And In the light of modern technology, computer-based prototyping techniques have emerged in so-called advanced rapid prototyping as a solution to the modeling activity associated with design processes. But these technologies have disadvantages, such as the high cost of the models and the long time it takes for these models to be completed, The subject of the research came to the virtual prototyping as a modern technology through which the models associated with the design activity of industrial products, These models provide the speed required in light of the continuous evolution and changing requirements of the market, and also provide a low-cost solution suitable for adoption by major companies or small and medium-sized enterprises alike. The importance of these virtual models is evident when it comes to communicating as much information about design as possible with the simplest way and the lowest costs, Through these models can include everything related to the product of work theories and engineering drawings and three-dimensional models with physical properties that mimic the final product, Within the same application and this information induced by one of the images prepared on the computer programs, and thus we can share these models over the Internet and work on them remotely, which in turn contributes to shorten the time of the design process. The importance of research is to shed light on the role of virtual prototyping as one of the basic elements in the process of design and development of industrial products, as the research aims to activate the role of virtual modeling in the process of product design and development and to include them in the design process as one of the basic stages' because of its usefulness, The hypothesis is that if virtual prototyping techniques and new technologies can be utilized in the process of designing industrial products in a creative manner, this ensures that the cost of model design and testing processes is reduced, as well as the opportunity to develop products periodically without incurring many expenses related to the production of physical models. The deductive approach was used to achieve this.

rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, microfluidic systems, lab-on-a-chip, plant-on-a-chip, and Medicine

To shorten the production time for PDMS-moulds by additive manufacturing (AM) several 3D printers have been investigated in comparison to standard micro-milling by producing benchmark structures. These are evaluated regarding their shape accuracy, the transparency of the casted PDMS which is linked to the surface quality of the mould, and the production time until the moulds are ready to use. Even though the additively manufactured moulds showed significantly better surface quality and shorter production time, the necessary shape accuracy for non-square-structures or structures with < 250 μm edge length could not be achieved due to limiting factors like nozzle diameter, size of the digital micromirror device or spot size of the LCD-panel.

antenna, high frequency, rfid, tuning network, vicinity coupling devices, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

This paper describes the development of a high frequency (HF) antenna for high output power vicinity coupling devices (VCDs) operating at 13.56 MHz. Key design parameters, such as RF power level, antenna size, and communication protocol, and their link to the antenna features and requirements, have been discussed. For efficient reader interrogation, detection, and recovery of transponder responses, a tuning circuit necessary to adjust the antenna power matching and resonance characteristics was designed and prototyped. The antenna was fed to an industry standard reader and evaluated for read range performance with vicinity cards. The designed antenna on the reader achieved a good read range, which demonstrated fair agreement with the calculated theoretical results.

Vacuum, Pumping system, Montecarlo simulations, Synchrotron radiation, e− e+ colliders, Higgs factories, Physics, QC1-999, Optics. Light, QC350-467, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Abstract The FCC-ee is a very challenging accelerator project from the point of view of vacuum. Apart from the sheer size of the machine, a twin-ring of 100 km circumference, the vacuum system design must be capable of dealing with the low-energy 45.6 GeV, high-current version of the machine (the Z-pole) as well as the higher energy, lower current versions. The main difficulty is related to the very much different synchrotron radiation (SR) spectra of the Z-pole vs the other energies, in particular the ttbar at 182.5 GeV. The critical energy of the SR spectrum of the Z-pole is 19.5 keV, while the ttbar exceeds 1.2 MeV. It is particularly challenging in terms of shielding the beryllium chamber in the detectors, for the Machine Detector Interface (MDI) area. We discuss the evolution of the vacuum system design for the arc sections, and some new ideas on NEG-coating, SR absorbers, and pumping system, with the aim to build prototypes soon, in the framework of the FCC Innovation Study program. The design of the vacuum hardware depends on the choices made for the magnets, and the required shielding from high-energy radiation generated by the circulating beam interacting with the residual gas and the interaction of the intense SR fans with the photon. There is also an important collaboration with the engineering integration of the vacuum system in the tunnel, particularly considering the full-energy booster injector, which is not detailed here. We also briefly describe the raytracing montecarlo modelling efforts carried out in the MDI area, and its pumping configuration.

pedagogical prototyping, living labs, immersive education, nature-based solutions, circular bioeconomy, Architecture, and NA1-9428

Emerging designers and makers of the built environment have an outstanding responsibility and potential to mitigate and adapt to global climate change, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. This paper overviews how the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia – Valldaura Labs (VL) educates incipient practitioners in interdisciplinary strategies for unifying the constructed and natural worlds through pedagogical prototyping and learning by living. VL is a living lab sited 10 km from Barcelona’s centre in the Collserola Natural Park, hosting the immersive Master in Advanced Ecological Buildings & Biocities (MAEBB), which culminates in the annual autonomous design and fabrication of a self-sufficient building. The methods and projects of VL provide best practices of reference for realising holistically integrated ecological and technological landscapes.

Rapid Control Prototyping, Modular Multilevel Converter, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Induction Motor, Typhoon HIL, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

In this paper, Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) of five-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based Induction Motor (IM) drive performance is observed with different switching frequencies. The Semikron based MMC Stacks with two half-bridge each are tested with the switching logic generated by phase and level shifted based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The switching logic is generated by the Typhoon Hardware in Loop (HIL) 402. The disadvantages of Multilevel Converter like not so good output quality, less modularity, not scalable and high voltage and current rating demand for the power semiconductor switches can be overcome by using MMC. In this work, the IM drive is fed by MMC and the experimentally the performance is observed. The performance of the Induction Motor in terms of speed is observed with different switching frequencies of 2.5kHz, 5kHz, 7.5kHz, 10kHz, 12.5kHz and the results are tabulated in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of input voltage and current to the Induction Motor Drive. The complete model is developed using Typhoon HIL 2021.2 Version Real-Time Simulation Software.

Mechanical engineering and machinery and TJ1-1570

To overcome the inefficiency of slicing process of rapid prototyping based on STL models, an improved slicing algorithm is proposed. The method builds integral topology of STL models in advance using a Hash table, which enables to get contours directly, and then reduces the search range in slicing by establishing the slicing relation matrix, which can effectively reduce the time cost of slicing. It has been demonstrated that the algorithm has nearly linear time complexity. The method is proved to be effective and efficient through application cases, and the results show better performance than other existing algorithms, especially when the STL model is complex or large.

digital orthodontics, stereolithography, three-dimensional printing, and Medicine

Introduction: The digitalisation of dental models has made significant contribution to the current success of orthodontic practices. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is an innovative method of producing physical objects based on Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Aim: To compare the accuracy of the Three-Dimensional (3D) printed rapid prototyped models with orthodontic stone models across different ranges of crowding. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at the Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India during September 2019 to September 2020. A total of 36 rapid prototyped models were reconstructed from stone models using Light Emitting Diode (LED) scanner and Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. Dental stone models and RP models were evaluated using digital caliper for different linear measurements and arch dimensions. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. To evaluate accuracy, t-test analyses and Bland-Altman plotting were performed. Results: T-test showed statistically non significant difference in all parameters of measurements of RP models when compared to stone models. According to Bland-Altman plotting. The mean difference between stone and RP models for the various degree of crowding was minimal and within ±0.07 mm in all planes. Conclusion: Discrepancy between dental plaster models and RP models were less than 0.5 mm which was considered clinically non significant. Suggesting that RP models can be effectively used as an alternative to stone models.

Acetabular defects, Hip arthroplasty, Rapid prototyping, Revision, Surgical procedure design, Orthopedic surgery, and RD701-811

Objective To compare rapid prototyping technology (RP tech) in revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) with traditional examination methods and to see how they are different in evaluating acetabular anatomy and designing surgical procedure. Methods From February 2014 to March 2018, 43 RTHA patients with complex acetabulum defects were enrolled in this prospective study regardless of age or gender. Incomplete and unclear data were excluded. Three types of radiographic examination were performed on each patient before the revision surgery. Four groups of evaluations were designed: (i) X‐ray; (ii) computed tomography (CT‐scan); (iii) RP tech; and (iv) CT‐aided RP tech. Discrepancies between preoperative radiographic analysis and intra‐operative findings were separately compared by a team of surgeons. Premade surgical plans based on each evaluation method were compared with the final surgical procedure. The compliance of anatomic evaluation and surgical plan‐design based on 3D RP tech and traditional radiographs were ranked manually by a of team surgeons into: (i) complete accordance; (ii) general accordance; and (iii) undetermined structure/procedure. The difference in ranks between RP tech and traditional radiographic methods were analyzed with a nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis test. P