articles+ search results

rapid prototyping, stl, additive technology, subtractive technology, 3d printing, desktop milling, verification, simulation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, and TA349-359

This paper describes methodology for application of a rapid prototyping using subtractive, additive and formative technology based on STL files. Rapid prototyping technology includes using of a digital information chain CAD/CAM/CNC to a level which allows the successful realization of the physical models based on new technologies by adding, subtracting and molding material. The paper discusses about the usual technologies for rapid prototyping, for which a generalized methodology for their application has been proposed. The possibilities for program verification prior to the realization of the model were also shown. The methodology is verified on real examples of making selected parts. Used technologies are subtracting and adding material layers, layer by layer, and mold making (by adding material) for molding the silicone model.

silicon photonics, silicon-on-insulator, waveguides, modulators, mid-infrared, silicon nitride, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

The field of silicon photonics has experienced widespread adoption in the datacoms industry over the past decade, with a plethora of other applications emerging more recently such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR), sensing, quantum photonics, programmable photonics and artificial intelligence. As a result of this, many commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) foundries have developed open access silicon photonics process lines, enabling the mass production of silicon photonics systems. On the other side of the spectrum, several research labs, typically within universities, have opened up their facilities for small scale prototyping, commonly exploiting e-beam lithography for wafer patterning. Within this ecosystem, there remains a challenge for early stage researchers to progress their novel and innovate designs from the research lab to the commercial foundries because of the lack of compatibility of the processing technologies (e-beam lithography is not an industry tool). The CORNERSTONE rapid-prototyping capability bridges this gap between research and industry by providing a rapid prototyping fabrication line based on deep-UV lithography to enable seamless scaling up of production volumes, whilst also retaining the ability for device level innovation, crucial for researchers, by offering flexibility in its process flows. This review article presents a summary of the current CORNERSTONE capabilities and an outlook for the future.

virtual prototyping, computer graphics, orthopaedics, virtual bones, rapid prototyping, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, and TA349-359

The paper presents some methods used to analyze human bone joints. First, there were defined the 'hard' parts as the main bone components and 'soft' parts as ligaments or menisci using CT images. These components are imported into a parameterized environment assembly module and a biomechanical model of human walking is being obtained, which is exported to a kinematic simulation environment and finite element analysis, where first the kinematic parameters are defined. With these defined parameters, the kinematic and dynamic simulation of the subsystems for classical, normal motion can be switched. Following the interpretation of the results, the initial parameters of the biomechanical subsystems may be modified. In the next phase, the components of the subsystems are divided successively and the finite element structure is obtained for the entire biomechanical system of the joints that participate in human locomotion.

biomechanical design, ankle-foot prosthesis, experimental validation, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Powered ankle-foot prostheses for walking often have limitations in the range of motion and in push-off power, if compared to a lower limb of a healthy person. A new design of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis is proposed to obtain a wide range of motion and an adequate power for a push-off step. The design methodology for this prosthesis has three points. In the first one, a dimensionless kinematic model of the lower limb in the sagittal plane is built, through an experimental campaign with healthy subjects, to calculate the angles of lower limb during the gait. In the second point a multibody inverse dynamic model of the lower limb is constructed to calculate the foot-ground contact force, its point of application and the ankle torque too, entering as input data the calculated angles of the lower limb in the previous point. The third point requires, as input of the inverse dynamic model, the first dimensioning data of the ankle-foot prosthesis to obtain the load acting on the components of the prosthesis and the angle torque of the actuator during the gait cycle. Finally, an iteration cycle begins with the inverse dynamic model modifying the ankle torque and angle until these quantities during the gait are as close as possible to the physiological quantities. After the mechanical design and the construction of the prototype of the prosthesis, an experimental methodology was used for preliminary validation of the design. The preliminary tests in the laboratory on the prototype alone show that the range of motion of the ankle angle during the gait is close to a healthy person’s: 27.6° vs. 29°. The pushing force of the distal area of the prototype is 1.000 N, instead of 1.600 N, because a budget reduction forced us to choose components for the prototype with lower performance.

rapid tooling, rapid prototyping, 3d printing, 3d printed molds, fiber-reinforced polymers (frps), biomedical devices, articular splints, computer-aided design (cad), Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Advances in additive manufacturing technologies and composite materials are starting to be combined into synergic procedures that may impact the biomedical field by helping to achieve personalized and high-performance solutions for low-resource settings. In this article, we illustrate the benefits of 3D-printed rapid molds, upon which composite fibers can be laminated in a direct and resource-efficient way, for the personalized development of articular splints. The rapid mold concept presented in this work allows for a flexible lamination and curing process, even compatible with autoclaves. We demonstrate the procedure by completely developing an autoclave-cured carbon fiber−epoxy composite ankle immobilizing, supporting, or protecting splint. These medical devices may support patients in their recovery of articular injuries and for promoting a more personalized medical care employing high-performance materials, whose mechanical response is analyzed and compared to that of commercial devices. In fact, this personalization is fundamental for enhanced ergonomics, comfort during rehabilitation, and overall aesthetics. The proposed design and manufacturing strategies may support the low-cost and user-centered development of a wide set of biomedical devices and help to delocalize the supply chain for involving local populations in the development of medical technology.

torque control, machine control, gears, electric actuators, actuators, aircraft, electromechanical actuators, control engineering computing, control system synthesis, power system, rapid-prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop laboratory platform, electro-mechanical actuator controls, electrical actuation, board next generation aircraft, advanced experimental testing capabilities, optimal system design, rapid control-prototyping, hardware-in-the-loop techniques, scale laboratory setups, entire electrical system, mechanical system, laboratory HiL, actuator motor control schemes, test conditions, laboratory test-bench, landing gear electromechanical actuator controls, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

To meet the challenges posed by the increasing use of electrical actuation on board next generation aircraft, advanced experimental testing capabilities are required to investigate optimal system design, performance and control. Rapid control-prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) techniques provide the ability to expedite experimental testing, allowing for elements of the system to be validated without requiring fully realised hardware. Previously, this would require large scale laboratory setups, where the entire electrical and mechanical system would have to be designed and built prior to experimental testing. This study presents the development of a laboratory HiL and rapid-prototyping test-bench, capable of investigating the performance of actuator motor control schemes, under a variety of test conditions. Experimental testing is carried out using a laboratory test-bench, demonstrating the performance of landing gear electromechanical actuator controls under power system and load transients.

active damping, draw-work, laboratory setup, petroleum drilling, proportional-integral controller, retrofitting, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

This paper presents a control system design methodology for the drill-string rotary drive and draw-works hoist system aimed at mature drilling rig retrofitting. The rotary drive is equipped with an active damping speed control system featuring a proportional-integral speed controller readily available within modern controlled electrical drives, extended with drill-string back-spinning prevention scheme for the case of stuck tool. The draw-works hoist system features a tool normal force (Weight-on-Bit) controller with tool longitudinal speed (Rate-of-Penetration) limiting functionality. The design of proposed control systems has been based on suitable control-oriented process models and damping optimum criterion which guarantees a desired level of closed-loop system damping. The proposed drilling control systems have been verified on a downscaled laboratory experimental setup, which represents a necessary pre-requirement before these systems are tested in the field.

wrist orthosis, 3d printing, fused deposition modelling, multi-material, fdm, abs, tpu, Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Manufactures, and TS1-2301

The paper presents design and manufacturing process of an individualized wrist orthosis. The patient’s upper limb was 3D scanned and the orthosis was design using a CAD system. Each part of the orthosis consists of two different materials, that fulfill different functions. By using the double-head Fused Deposition Modelling machine it was possible to produce theses parts in a single process without the need for additional assembly operations. The orthosis has been tested for mutual fit of parts, strength and comfort of use.

distributed power generation, power system interconnection, decision making, control engineering computing, distribution networks, smart power grids, distributed energy resources, power industry, decision-making algorithms, real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop prototyping platform, real-life power distribution network, downstream device controllers, advanced functionalities, unique benchmark, hardware-in-the-loop integration, distribution network benchmark, electric power HIL, platform development including models, microgrid deployment, test platform, protective devices, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

This article provides a unique benchmark to integrate and systematically evaluate advanced functionalities of microgrid and downstream device controllers. The article describes Banshee, a real-life power distribution network. It also details a real-time controller hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) prototyping platform to test the responses of the controllers and verify decision-making algorithms. The benchmark aims to address power industry needs for a common basis to integrate and evaluate controllers for the overall microgrid, distributed energy resources (DERs), and protective devices. The test platform will accelerate microgrid deployment, enable standard compliance verification, and further develop and test controllers' functionalities. These contributions will facilitate safe and economical demonstrations of the state-of-the-possible while verifying minimal impact to existing electrical infrastructure. All aspects of the benchmark and platform development including models, configuration files, and documentation are publicly available via the electric power HIL controls collaborative (EPHCC).

Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, and Science

Requirements elicitation is one of the important and major activities within the Requirements Engineering phase. There are different techniques used for requirement elicitation process. Selection of any requirements elicitation technique depends on complexity, size, time and other resources of proposed software project. Selection of suitable technique for requirements elicitation is not a trivial process and if it is done properly then it can reduce time, budget, and risk constraints of system being developed. Sometimes researchers have found a gap between theory and practice that is gap between literature and industry practices. Therefore, goal of this paper is to find out the gap between literature and industry practice about requirements elicitation practices in PSI (Pakistani Software Industry). This paper shows the usage and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in Pakistani software companies. 29 Software companies following prototyping technique practice were surveyed using questionnaire, to investigate about usage of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation in industry, and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in term of schedule, cost and the customer Satisfaction. The appropriate practice of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation can reduce the project failure rate in PSI.

Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, and TA1501-1820

The extension of accessibility of CH to disabled people is a current topic of great importance. Today, there exist a lot of ongoing projects aimed at the extension of accessibility using the most recent and low cost technologies to improve accessibility to CH. One of the technologies, today available that can help to improve accessibility to CH, is certainly rapid prototyping. The main goal of the research here illustrated is the application of rapid prototyping for the extension of accessibility of Cultural Heritage (CH) to blind and visually impaired people. This document reports an experiment that compared the effectiveness of different 3D models for the introduction of blind and visually impaired people to the tactile use of models of monuments. In addition, this study focuses on defining standards and guidelines regarding features of 3D models, e.g. print resolution, in order to obtain greater legibility of models at different scales by the blind or visually impaired people. This paper shows a part of a wider Interreg EU research project, named I-ACCESS, aimed to study accessibility problems and solutions for CH. The experiments conducted with the sample of disabled people, allowed to obtain results on the most suitable printing parameters to be used.

Domestic refrigerator, Evaporator, Virtual prototyping, CFD, Heat transfer improvement, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

The present paper aims to assess and to improve existing design of evaporators for household table top refrigeration appliances using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This category of refrigerators are compact and cheap solutions for domestic appliance. The requirement for low cost solution does not cancel necessity of high effectivity, usually referred as “energy class”. The evaporator is important component of refrigerator heat transport system and to its efficiency. Existing design of evaporator is improved in two directions – as shape of the serpentine and as cross section – constrained by overall cost limit. Two groups of thermal CFD analyses are performed over various design variants. Used virtual prototypes enable to view in detail heat transfer process and to reach an better solution in means of overall price/performance. This study shows the effect of serpentine geometry on evaporator performance as well as demonstrates the benefits of virtual prototyping when targeting optimization and improvement.

Rapid prototyping, fused deposition modeling, orientasi objek, 3D printer, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

Pembuatan prototipe pada industri manufaktur berkembang dengan pesat, berawal dari pembuatan secara konvensional, kemudian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin-mesin perkakas, dan berkembang dengan pemanfaatan komputer sebagai alat kontrol pada mesin tersebut sehingga dikenal dengan istilah CNC (computer numerically control). Pada awalnya, pembuatan prototipe dilakukan menggunakan mesin perkakas yang membentuk kontur permukaan dengan melakukan pemotongan pada benda kerja, tentunya dalam hal ini terdapat bahan tersisa yang dikenal dengan chip. Dewasa ini perkembangan dalam pembuatan prototipe maju dengan pesat yang dikenal dengan pembuatan prototipe cepat (rapid prorotyping). Keunggulan dari rapid prototyping dalam bidang manufaktur adalah kemudahannya dalam menghasilkan suatu produk yang kompleks dengan tepat dan efisien. Proses rapid prototyping mampu merealisasikan hasil permodelan 3D software dalam bentuk nyata tanpa intervensi apapun. Dalam penelitian ini, dikaji tentang pengaruh penentuan posisi orientasi secara vertical dan horizontal terhadap kekuatan Tarik material polymer yang digunakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dengan menggunakan perangkat rapid prototyping tipe fused deposition modeling yakni 3D printing. Bahan filament yang digunakan jenis polymer PLA dan ABS. Proses printing dilakukan terhadap bentuk objek uji Tarik ASTM D638. Proses 3D printing dilakukan dengan memvariasikan posisi orientasi objek secara vertikal dan horizontal. Spesimen yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dilakukan uji tarik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa penentuan orientasi posisi objek spesimen memberi pengaruh terhadap tegangan tarik spesimen.

Traffic Signal Control, State Flow, Field Programmable Gate Array Prototyping., Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, and Science

The problem of vehicular traffic congestion is a persistent constraint in the socio-economic development of Pakistan. This paper presents design and implementation of an intelligent traffic controller based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to provide an efficient traffic management by optimizing functioning of traffic lights which will result in minimizing traffic congestion at intersections. The existent Traffic Signal system in Pakistan is fixed-time based and offers only Open Loop method for Traffic Control. The Intelligent Traffic Controller presented here uses feedback sensors to read the Traffic density present at a four way intersection to provide an efficient alternative for better supervisory Control of Traffic flow. The traffic density based control logic has been developed in a State Flow Chart for improved visualization of State Machine based operation, and implemented as a Subsystem in Simulink and transferred into VHDL (Hardware Description Language) code using HDL Coder for reducing development time and time to market, which are essential to capitalize Embedded Systems Market. The VHDL code is synthesized with Altera QUARTUS, simulated timing waveform is obtained to verify correctness of the algorithm for different Traffic Scenarios. For implementation purpose estimations were obtained for Cyclone-III and Stratix-III.

energy efficiency, rotor position detection, sensorless drive, switched reluctance motor, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Abstract A switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a low‐cost motor with a simple structure and variable speed industrial and home applications. This article presents the design, simulation, and development of a low‐cost, accurate, and small‐size sensorless driver for a 6/4 three‐phase SRM. In the algorithm, the (nonlinear) relation of the flux, current, and rotor (FCR) position is linearized to achieve a modified FCR model, in which the values of the most important points of the primary FCR are emphasized. The SRM parameters required for the design process are obtained using a 3D finite‐element method (FEM). The proposed method is simulated and then tested under different load and speed conditions. The results are compared with a conventional sensorless algorithm's results, and the reference data are obtained by a direct with‐sensor algorithm. The algorithm estimates the rotor position (error of 1.3%) between low to nominal speed of the selected SRM under both nominal and no‐load conditions. In comparison with the conventional algorithm, the proposed FCR model significantly reduces the calculation cost and memory demand by 66%. Finally, the proposed algorithm decreases the driver size and price by 64% and 85%, respectively.

bluetooth, low energy, embedded system, internet of things, parking system, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

Parking in crowded city areas usually causes serious problems. Drivers spend an amount of time, effort, and fuel while finding someplace to park their vehicles. Although there are many solutions for free parking space indication; they are only suitable for parking lots inside the buildings, such as the shopping malls. However, there are not many solutions for exterior parking lots and for big cities as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to propose solutions to this problem, especially by considering issues like power consumption and communication approaches. A parking-space occupancy detection system is proposed, utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy communication and Arduino-based sensor devices. Raspberry Pi-based central devices redirect the collected data to the cloud-based database system, which makes them available for drivers to use mobile devices with Android systems. The selected components make the proposed system easily deployable and scalable.

rapid prototyping, FDM, prototype, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), and TA1-2040

The article deals with creating 3D models using RAPID PROTOTYPING technology. At present, we are witnessing the integration of new technologies into ordinary life. A good example is the use of FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology that primarily uses thermoplastics to create 3D models. A few years ago, the use of rapid prototyping technology was a prerogative of companies, research institutes and a narrow group of universities. Technologies such as FDM and STL (Stereolithography) have become affordable in the past few years for smaller businesses and individuals. The specific segment is the replicating rapid prototype RepRap (replicating rapid prototype), the extended version of which is the Prusa i3 printer.

cone beam ct, finite element method, rapid prototyping, parametric customization of implants, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, and TA349-359

This paper investigates the opportunity of implementing FE simulations and rapid prototyping techniques on titanium implant in maxillofacial surgery case based on osteotomy. Maxilla region was recorded by Cone Beam CT with high resolution and optimal radiation. Then, it followed the medical image reconstruction into 3D voxelized model. This model was converted both, to stl surface model for rapid prototyping, CAD modeling and FE mesh for simulation purposes with keeping good volume and dimensional consistency. Stl meshed surface was imported into CAD software, as initial 3d structure, which is used for parametric and customized design of implant. Since, the osteotomy is final application, it was simulated the cutting and shifting of maxilla for proper correction by digital prototyping. Then, the fixation points for shifted maxilla were determined by surgeon to provide steady and tight joints between implanting screws and maxilla. Applied implant was given in initial standard flat configuration. Flat implant configuration was adapted by complex 3D bending in CAD software to be customized towards surface conformity of maxillofacial anatomy. By FE simulation in MSC Patran/Nastran, it was performed the stress analysis of implant with different thickness configurations and 3D bending, which provides the optimized implant model with best fit dimensions. Optimized implant model and corresponding body model were converted into physical models. RP model of maxilla was post-processed by cutting and boring to provide an adequate implant positioning according to digital prototypes. This approach facilitated the preparation of complex shaped implants in swept and lofted form, what had to be in high degree of conformity to anatomy surface. To approve a good practical opportunity, it was applied and tested in concrete surgery case of maxillofacial osteotomy.

stringed musical instruments, multisensory feedback, virtual reality, musical haptics, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

Keytar is a plucked guitar simulation mockup developed with Unity3D that provides auditory, visual, and haptic feedback to the player through a Phantom Omni robotic arm. Starting from a description of the implementation of the virtual instrument, we discuss our ongoing work. The ultimate goal is the creation of a set of software tools available for developing plucked instruments in Unity3D. Using such tools, sonic interaction designers can efficiently simulate plucked string prototypes and realize multisensory interactions with virtual instruments for unprecedented purposes, such as testing innovative plucked string interfaces or training machine learning algorithms with data about the dynamics of the performance, which are immediately accessible from the machine.

battery energy storage systems, rapid prototyping, conflicts identification, power utility automation, power distribution grid, semantic web technologies, ontology, description logics, model-driven engineering, smart grid architecture model, IEC 61850, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are starting to play an important role in today’s power distribution networks. They provide a manifold of services for fulfilling demands and requests from diverse stakeholders, such as distribution system operators, energy market operators, aggregators but also end-users. Such services are usually provided by corresponding Energy Management Systems (EMS). This paper analyzes the complexity of the EMS development process resulting from an evolving power utility automation.