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science fiction prototyping, robot ethics, robot rights, law, ai, and Language and Literature

Science fiction narratives have not only influenced the way the majority of people imagine the future, but they have also shaped the general expectations for the technological development. This phenomenon has been called “science fiction prototyping” by Brian David Johnson. The prototype of a robot is created by science fiction works. Robots as artificially created entities are often presented as potential “members” of future society. Therefore, their legal status in imaginary reality is worth considering. The analysis of Blade Runner (1982) by Ridley Scott and I, Robot (2004) by Alex Proyas juxtaposes features that, according to the legal tradition, are most often attributed to moral subjects of legal protection with human-like features of robots. The interdisciplinary approach adopted in this study involves applying legal reasoning to the study of science fiction.

design, utopia, alteration, prototyping, progetto, and alterazione

The purpose of this paper is to re-explore the relationship between utopia and architecture, trying first and foremost to challenge the way utopia has been conceived by architectural thought: i.e., as the prefiguration of a future seen as an ‘otherness’ distinct from the present, as far as the totality of its spatial, social, and political dimensions are concerned. Such vision – as we will argue – turns out to be deeply linked to a design logic of ‘projection’ and ‘prescription’; this, however, is not the only possible logic of design. Through a reflection upon some contemporary architectural practices, we will try to highlight a new horizon for design action, in which even utopia abandons its traditional ‘projective’ role and takes on a new meaning: rather than being the non-place of a possible future, utopia stands for what doesn’t have place in the present but can emerge from its alteration. Such notion of utopia as a form of ‘situated critique’, in a concrete space and time, helps to dig more deeply into the political potential of many contemporary forms of architectural and urban design.
Il proposito di questo contributo è tornare a esplorare la relazione tra utopia e architettura, cercando innanzitutto di mettere in questione il modo in cui l’utopia è stata concepita tradizionalmente nel pensiero architettonico: vale a dire, come la prefigurazione di un futuro concepito come alterità rispetto al presente, nella totalità delle sue dimensioni spaziali, sociali e politiche. Tale visione - come si cercherà di illustrare - è intimamente legata a una certa logica “proiettiva” e “prescrittiva” che, tuttavia, non è l’unica logica possibile del progetto. Attraverso una riflessione su alcuni modi del progetto di architettura contemporaneo, si cercherà infatti di mettere in evidenza una nuova logica progettuale, in cui anche l’utopia abbandona il suo carattere proiettivo tradizionale per acquisire un nuovo senso: non più il non-luogo di un futuro possibile, bensì ciò che non ha luogo nel presente e che può tuttavia emergere dalla sua alterazione. Questa nozione di utopia come “critica situata” concretamente in uno spazio e in un tempo aiuta a comprendere più in profondità il potenziale politico di molte delle forme contemporanee di progetto architettonico e urbano.

literary mapping, geospatial prototyping, scholarly communication, 'paradise lost', History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

By focusing on the process of building 'A Map of Paradise Lost'—a geospatial humanities text-to-map project that visualizes the locatable places in John Milton’s 'Paradise Lost'— this paper addresses the question “why map literature?” and demonstrates how the process of research prototyping is in itself a form of knowledge production. Through a series of 'prototyping moments', we address how the different steps involved in building a geospatial humanities project can produce new knowledge about the fields it relates to: literary studies and digital humanities. The prototyping moments make arguments that advance our understanding of Milton’s 'Paradise Lost', approaches to data visualization for cartographic comparison in and beyond DH, and models for interdisciplinary collaboration. Résumé En se concentrant sur le processus de construction 'd’une Carte du Paradis Perdu' – un projet d’humanités géospatiales qui visualise, dans une carte à partir du texte, les places localisables dans le 'Paradis Perdu' de John Milton – cet article aborde la question «pourquoi une littérature cartographique?» et démontre comment le processus de prototypage de recherche est en soi une forme de production de connaissances. A travers une série de 'moments de prototypage', nous abordons comment les différentes étapes impliquées dans la construction d’un projet d’humanités géospatiales peuvent produire de nouvelles connaissances concernant les domaines relatifs à ce sujet: études littéraires et humanités digitales. Les moments de prototypage présentent des arguments qui améliorent notre compréhension du 'Paradis Perdu' de Milton, des approches de visualisation des données pour une comparaison cartographique «à l’intérieur» et «au-delà» des humanités digitales ainsi que des modèles pour une collaboration interdisciplinaire. Mots-clés: cartographie littéraire; prototypage géospatial; communication savante; 'Paradis Perdu'

lms, ims-ld, elearning platform, designing an ims-ld, nosql, symfony framework, disciplinary information space, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, and Science

This work is mainly based on the prototyping of a disciplinary information space for a new LMS. Our work is first to think about the conditions for creating a real LMS between learners and teachers. We have chosen to base ourselves on the hybridization between four learning theories as the basis for teaching this LMS, namely traditional pedagogy, behaviorism, cognitivism and social constructivism. These pedagogies have already proven themselves, mainly in classroom learning situations. The LMS consists of different activity spaces for teaching and learning activities. We limit ourselves in this work to the prototyping of disciplinary information space for a new LMS based on IMS-LD, NoSQL MongoDB database, and Symfony framework.

E-textiles, modular rapid prototyping toolkit, E-textile Bonder, Textile Prototyping Lab, adhesive bonding technology, and General Works

We present a novel E-textiles toolkit that can be used in the rapid prototyping of electronic textiles during the research and evaluation phase. The modular, Arduino-compatible toolkit incorporates various sensors and control and communication modules. The needs of fashion professionals have been considered during the conception of the toolkit, which was developed in close cooperation with partners from textile research institutes, the textile industry, art schools and design. After the initial manual prototyping, the toolkit modules can be directly transferred to reliable industrial integration using advanced machinery. To achieve this, we developed the E-textile Bonder, a machine capable of mechanically and electrically connecting modules to textiles with integrated conductors. This paper gives an overview of the toolkit as well as the design considerations discussed and implemented during the cooperation with textile industry stakeholders. Furthermore, the integration process with the E-Textile Bonder is described, and its advantages over other technologies are discussed.

prototyping, user interface, information system, internship, Mathematics, QA1-939, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Human Resources (HR) is one of the important things that determines the success of the services of a company, one of the things done to prepare a good HR is to launch a program of Job Training (PKL) or also known as an internship. PT.Gramedia Asri Media became one of the companies implementing the internship program, but the existing internship program was still carried out manually by distributing information to tertiary institutions via email. This journal aims to create an apprenticeship information system design by developing a system using the prototyping method so that the apprenticeship process can be carried out in a single system from the dissemination of information to the resolution of administrative problems related to finance and the need for an apprenticeship approval document. The system development method used therein is the prototyping method that starts from analyzing user needs to creating a User Interface (UI) that is easily understood by the user. The apprenticeship information system is expected to make the apprenticeship process more effective both in registering and processing the internship data contained therein.

prototyping, human-robot interactions, user studies, social robotics, robot companions, and Technology

This paper presents a proof of concept prototype study for domestic home robot companions, using a narrative-based methodology based on the principles of immersive engagement and fictional enquiry, creating scenarios which are inter-connected through a coherent narrative arc, to encourage participant immersion within a realistic setting. The aim was to ground human interactions with this technology in a coherent, meaningful experience. Nine participants interacted with a robotic agent in a smart home environment twice a week over a month, with each interaction framed within a greater narrative arc. Participant responses, both to the scenarios and the robotic agents used within them are discussed, suggesting that the prototyping methodology was successful in conveying a meaningful interaction experience.

mandibular reconstruction, rapid prototyping, stereolithographic model, Dentistry, RK1-715, Surgery, and RD1-811

This article documents four mandibular reconstructions performed using free fibula flaps. CT scan DICOM (Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine) files were obtained in order to print stereolithographic models of the mandible, and in one case cutting guides for fibular osteotomies. One case study details the treatment a cancer recurrence on a right emimandibulectomy. Because of a lack of access to previous CT scans, the left part of the mandible was mirrored to obtain an accurate 3D model. In one case, due to the young age of the woman, a double barrel fibula flap was used. All cases resulted in satisfactory chewing function and aesthetic outcome, with no flap failures. The report concludes that Virtual Planning and Rapid Prototyping are helpful as they reduce costs and intraoperative times while simultaneously improving surgical precision.

laser forming, rapid prototyping, self-folding origami, metal bending, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Lasers can be used to bend 2D metal sheets into complex 3D objects in a process called ‘laser forming.’ Laser forming bends metal sheets by locally heating the sheets to generate plastic strains and is an established metal bending technology in the shipbuilding industry. Recent studies have investigated the laser forming of thin metal parts as a complementary rapid prototyping technology to metal 3D printing. This review discusses the laser forming process, beginning with the mechanisms before covering various design considerations. Laser forming for the rapid manufacturing of metal parts is then reviewed, including the recent advances in process planning, before highlighting promising future research directions.

Cardiac regenerative medicine, Cell sheet, Cell therapy, Minimally-invasive surgery, Simulator study, Medicine (General), R5-920, Cytology, and QH573-671

Introduction: Considering higher risks of candidates for cardiac regenerative therapy with compromised cardiac function, it is anticipated to develop less invasive surgical procedures. In the present study, we aimed to develop a prototype of totally endoscopic cell sheet delivery device and evaluate the surgical technique for epicardial cell sheet placement using three-dimensional (3D) printed simulators based on human computed tomography data. Methods: We designed an endoscopic cell sheet delivery device with outer and inner frame with self-expandable applicator which can be opened in thoracic cavity. We launched spout line to provide liquids on the applicator surface and tension line to gently bend the applicator dorsally. We prepared human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets and compared wet/dry conditions of 3D printed heart/porcine heart and applicator to identify suitable conditions for cell sheet transplantation. Finally we validated the feasibility of endoscopic transplantation to anterior and lateral wall of left ventricle using 3D printed simulators. Results: Moist condition of both 3D printed heart/porcine heart surface and applicator at transplantation yielded highest successful rate (100%, p = 0.0197). For both endoscopic transplantation sites, MSC sheets were successfully deployed. The procedure duration was 157 ± 23 s for anterior wall and 123 ± 13 s for the lateral wall in average, respectively. Conclusions: We developed a novel prototype of endoscopic cell sheet delivery device for minimally-invasive cardiac regenerative therapy utilizing a 3D printed simulator. The commercialization of the prototype may provide a safe minimally-invasive method to deliver potential cardiac regenerative therapy in the future.

Covid191, Pulse Oximeter2, Internet of Things3, Maker Culture4, Medically underserved Area5, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, and R895-920

Abstract Family doctors can have an active role in identifying significant population needs and solutions. During the COVID-19 epidemic, patient home monitoring with pulse oximetry has been a key aspect of care of patients. However, pandemics bring shortage of medical equipment such as pulse oximeters. Through the local maker community, in a matter of days four “smart” pulse oximeters were built. Following Internet of Things principles, the prototypes were programmed to transmit real-time data through Wi-Fi directly to the doctors. Each pulse oximeter served a family doctor during the pandemic. In this article we describe the process that led to the production of the technology and provide detailed instructions, which have also been shared in maker-oriented websites. Dissemination can potentially lead to additional small-scale productions, limiting future shortages.

k-nearest neighbor, classification, kNN prototyping, Human Activity Recognition (HAR), performance, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

The kNN machine learning method is widely used as a classifier in Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems. Although the kNN algorithm works similarly both online and in offline mode, the use of all training instances is much more critical online than offline due to time and memory restrictions in the online mode. Some methods propose decreasing the high computational costs of kNN by focusing, e.g., on approximate kNN solutions such as the ones relying on Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH). However, embedded kNN implementations also need to address the target device’s memory constraints, especially as the use of online classification needs to cope with those constraints to be practical. This paper discusses online approaches to reduce the number of training instances stored in the kNN search space. To address practical implementations of HAR systems using kNN, this paper presents simple, energy/computationally efficient, and real-time feasible schemes to maintain at runtime a maximum number of training instances stored by kNN. The proposed schemes include policies for substituting the training instances, maintaining the search space to a maximum size. Experiments in the context of HAR datasets show the efficiency of our best schemes.

rapid prototyping, stl, additive technology, subtractive technology, 3d printing, desktop milling, verification, simulation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, and TA349-359

This paper describes methodology for application of a rapid prototyping using subtractive, additive and formative technology based on STL files. Rapid prototyping technology includes using of a digital information chain CAD/CAM/CNC to a level which allows the successful realization of the physical models based on new technologies by adding, subtracting and molding material. The paper discusses about the usual technologies for rapid prototyping, for which a generalized methodology for their application has been proposed. The possibilities for program verification prior to the realization of the model were also shown. The methodology is verified on real examples of making selected parts. Used technologies are subtracting and adding material layers, layer by layer, and mold making (by adding material) for molding the silicone model.

digital transformation, e-government, service prototyping, Information technology, and T58.5-58.64

Digital Transformation is under constant evolution. Organizations that were not already created in the digital environment need to digitalize their services. The process used to do so may involve not only elements of technology, but also social, political and organizational aspects. While there is no holistic method to implement digital transformation, organizations learn from successful cases in order to build their own way to implement digital transformation. This paper presents the process through which a physically delivered service provided by the Brazilian federal government was transformed into a digital service. This was performed with a prototyping approach made of six steps: diagnose the service, analyze the service, identify the requirements, and elaborate, verify, and validate the prototype. To perform the digitalization, an automation tool was used, and there was constant interaction with the service provider. This article offers a detailed process to implement digitalization by means of prototyping, which can be used by other organizations to make services digital.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Rapid Prototyping (RP) promises to induce a revolutionary impact on how the objects can be produced and used in industrial manufacturing as well as in everyday life. Over the time a standard technique as the 3D Stereolithography (SL) has become a fundamental technology for RP and Additive Manufacturing (AM), since it enables the fabrication of the 3D objects from a cost-effective photocurable resin. Efforts to obtain devices more complex than just a mere aesthetic simulacre, have been spent with uncertain results. The multidisciplinary nature of such manufacturing technique furtherly hinders the route to the fabrication of complex devices. A good knowledge of the bases of material science and engineering is required to deal with SL technological, characterization and testing aspects. In this framework, our study aims to reveal a new approach to obtain RP of complex devices, namely Organic Electro-Chemical Transistors (OECTs), by SL technique exploiting a resin composite based on the conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and the photo curable Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). A comprehensive study is presented, starting from the optimization of composite resin and characterization of its electrochemical properties, up to the 3D OECTs printing and testing. Relevant performances in biosensing for dopamine (DA) detection using the 3D OECTs are reported and discussed too.