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Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Généralités, General, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Acier, Steel, Acero, Conception, Design, Diseño, Gestaltung, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, Prototipificación rápida, Combinatorial alloy design, Fe-Mn-Al-C steel, Steels, and Structural alloys

We introduce a new experimental approach to the compositional and thermo-mechanical design and rapid maturation of bulk structural materials. This method, termed rapid alloy prototyping (RAP), is based on semi-continuous high throughput bulk casting, rolling, heat treatment and sample preparation techniques. 45 Material conditions, i.e. 5 alloys with systematically varied compositions, each modified by 9 different ageing treatments, were produced and investigated within 35 h. This accelerated screening of the tensile, hardness and microstructural properties as a function of chemical and thermo-mechanical parameters allows the highly efficient and knowledge-based design of bulk structural alloys. The efficiency of the approach was demonstrated on a group of Fe―30Mn―1.2C―xAl steels which exhibit a wide spectrum of structural and mechanical characteristics, depending on the respective Al concentration. High amounts of Al addition (>8 wt.%) resulted in pronounced strengthening, while low concentrations (<2 wt.%) led to embrittlement of the material during ageing.

Analytical chemistry, Chimie analytique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Généralités, appareillage, General, instrumentation, Mécanique fluide, Fluid mechanics, Mecánica flúido, Amélioration, Improvement, Mejora, Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Application, Aplicación, Choix, Choice, Elección, Conception, Design, Diseño, Dispositif, Device, Dispositivo, Haute pression, High pressure, Alta presión, Haute température, High temperature, Alta temperatura, Limitation, Limitación, Microfluidique, Microfluidics, Microfluidic, Moule, Mold, Molde, Méthode, Method, Método, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, Prototipificación rápida, Qualité, Quality, Calidad, Robustesse, Robustness, Robustez, Réseau (arrangement), Array, Red, Styrène polymère, Styrene polymer, and Estireno polímero

Microfluidic cell-based systems have enabled the study of cellular phenomena with improved spatiotemporal control of the microenvironment and at increased throughput. While poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has emerged as the most popular material in microfluidics research, it has specific limitations that prevent microfluidic platforms from achieving their full potential. We present here a complete process, ranging from mold design to embossing and bonding, that describes the fabrication of polystyrene (PS) microfluidic devices with simllar cost and time expenditures as PDMS-based devices. Emphasis was placed on creating methods that can compete with PDMS fabrication methods in terms of robustness, complexity, and time requirements. To achieve this goal, several improvements were made to remove critical bottlenecks in existing PS embossing methods. First, traditional lithographic techniques were adapted to fabricate bulk epoxy molds capable of resisting high temperatures and pressures. Second, a method was developed to emboss through-holes in a PS layer, enabling creation of large arrays of independent microfluidic systems on a single device without need to manually create access ports. Third, thermal bonding of PS layers was optimized in order to achieve quality bonding over large arrays of microsystems. The choice of materials and methods was validated for biological function in two different cell-based applications to demonstrate the versatility of our streamlined fabrication process.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Généralités, General, Commande machine, Machine control, Control máquina, Conception ingénierie, Engineering design, Concepción ingeniería, Electronique automobile, Automotive electronics, Electrónica automóvil, Emotion émotivité, Emotion emotionality, Emoción emotividad, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Interface utilisateur, User interface, Interfase usuario, Machine lavage, Washing machine, Máquina lavado, Processus conception, Design process, Proceso concepcion, Propriété physique, Physical properties, Propiedad física, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, Prototipificación rápida, Réalité virtuelle, Virtual reality, Realidad virtual, Sensibilité tactile, Tactile sensitivity, Sensibilidad tactil, Design, Haptic interface, Simulation, and Virtual prototyping

In this paper, we present a haptic prototyping system using a torque-feedback dial, which allows one to estimate the haptic behaviors of the mechanical dial knob in the design process interactively. The system produces various high fidelity haptic effects based on the torque-feedback dial such as jog dial, detent, barrier, and a combination of these behaviors. It can be used to determine the most desirable knob behavior and physical properties for consumer electronics including automobile, washing machine, radio, and game controller. In addition, we have conducted experiments analyzing the haptic behavior's affect on the user's emotions and reactions.

Nuclear physics, Physique nucléaire, Plasma physics, Physique des plasmas, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Physique des gaz, des plasmas et des decharges electriques, Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges, Physique des plasmas et décharges électriques, Physics of plasmas and electric discharges, Confinement magnétique et équilibre, Magnetic confinement and equilibrium, Tokamaks, Conception, Design, Confinement magnétique, Magnetic confinement, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Logiciel, Computer software, Modèle mathématique, Mathematical models, Modélisation, Modelling, Plasma confiné, Confined plasma, Plasma confinado, Système commande, Control systems, Sécurité, Safety, Tokamak ITER, ITER tokamak, 5255F, Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, ITER, model-based design, and rapid prototyping

The ITER tokamak (Latin for the way) is the next step toward the realization of electricity-producing fusion power plants, since it has been designed to reach the plasma burning condition. The Central Safety System for Nuclear Risk (CSS) is the control system in charge to assure nuclear safety for the ITER plant, the personnel, and the environment. Since the CSS is a critical safety system, its validation and commissioning play an important role, and the required level of reliability must be demonstrated. In such a scenario, it is strongly recommended to use modeling and simulation tools since the early design phase. Indeed, mathematical models will help in the definition of the control system requirements. These models can be used for the rapid prototyping of the safety system, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations can be performed to assess the performance of the control hardware against a plant simulator. This paper introduces the methodology and the software/hardware architecture used to develop both a CSS prototype and a ITER plant model suitable for the test and validation of this prototype.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Industries céramiques, Ceramic industries, Généralités, General, Conception, Design, Diseño, Céramique, Ceramic materials, Cerámica, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, and Prototipificación rápida

In the ceramics industry, especially in the household ceramics sector, forms based on simple rotation-symmetric basic elements dominante. The knowledge of free design possibilities was used for the development of a new design object for household ceramics by using the possibilities of rapid prototyping within a cooperation between the GEZUR SCHNELLEN FERTIGUNG VON MODELLEN MBH (SFM), SELLSCHAFT ZUR SCHNELLEN FERTIGUNG VON MODELLEN MBH (SFM), Dresden, and the SÄCHSISCHES PORZELLANWERK FREIBERG, Freiberg (both Germany). Based on the suggestion by a catering service which specialises in noodle-dishes, the question was raised whether a new plate for this purpose using a rational product development method can be realised.

Analytical chemistry, Chimie analytique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Chimie, Chemistry, Chimie analytique, Analytical chemistry, Généralités, appareillage, General, instrumentation, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biochimie analytique, structurale et metabolique, Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry, Biochimie analytique: généralités, techniques, appareillages, Analytical biochemistry: general aspects, technics, instrumentation, Génie biomédical, Biomedical engineering, Ingeniería biomédica, Aminoacide, Aminoacid, Aminoácido, Conception miniaturisée, Miniaturized design, Concepción miniaturizada, Conception, Design, Diseño, DNA, Electrophorèse capillaire, Capillary electrophoresis, Electroforesis capilar, Electrophorèse, Electrophoresis, Electroforesis, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Fabricación, Mastic base élastomère, Elastomeric sealant, Masilla base elastomer, Microfluide, Microfluid, Microfluido, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, Prototipificación rápida, Siloxane(diméthyl) polymère, Dimethylsiloxane polymer, Siloxano(dimetil) polímero, Structure microscopique, Microscopic structure, Estructura microscópica, Tube capillaire, Capillary tube, and Tubo capilar

This paper describes a procedure that makes it possible to design and fabricate (including sealing) microfluidic systems in an elastomeric material-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-in less than 24 h. A network of microfluidic channels (with width >20 μm) is designed in a CAD program. This design is converted into a transparency by a high-resolution printer; this transparency is used as a mask in photolithography to create a master in positive relief photoresist. PDMS cast against the master yields a polymeric replica containing a network of channels. The surface of this replica, and that of a flat slab of PDMS, are oxidized in an oxygen plasma. These oxidized surfaces seal tightly and irreversibly when brought into conformal contact. Oxidized PDMS also seals irreversibly to other materials used in microfluidic systems, such as glass, silicon, silicon oxide, and oxidized polystyrene; a number of substrates for devices are, therefore, practical options. Oxidation of the PDMS has the additional advantage that it yields channels whose walls are negatively charged when in contact with neutral and basic aqueous solutions; these channels support electroosmotic pumping and can be filled easily with liquids with high surface energies (especially water). The performance of microfluidic systems prepared using this rapid prototyping technique has been evaluated by fabricating a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis system. Amino acids, charge ladders of positively and negatively charged proteins, and DNA fragments were separated in aqueous solutions with this system with resolution comparable to that obtained using fused silica capillaries.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Appareillage et mise en oeuvre, Machinery and processing, Matières plastiques, Plastics, Divers, Miscellaneous, Conception, Design, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, and Prototipificación rápida

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Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Fonderie, Foundry engineering, Moulage et noyautage. Matériaux et procédés, Molding materials. Mold making. Core making, Conception, Design, Diseño, Gestaltung, Fonderie, Foundry, Fundería, Giesserei, Moulage, Molding, Moldeo, Formverfahren, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, and Prototipificación rápida

Introduction. Process chains for fast mould and pattern production. LOM in rapid tooling & patternmaking for different casting processes (sand casting - plaster casting -investment casting - ceramic block casting -evaporative pattern casting) and plastics processing (vacuum casting and RTV - injection moulding - blow moulding - rotational moulding - vacuum forming - laminating). and evaluation.

Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Science technology, industry, Sciences et technologies, industries, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique; automatique theorique; systemes, Computer science; control theory; systems, Logiciel, Software, Organisation des mémoires. Traitement des données, Memory organisation. Data processing, Systèmes d'information. Bases de données, Information systems. Data bases, Genie mecanique. Construction mecanique, Mechanical engineering. Machine design, Généralités, General, Anticipation, Anticipación, Commercialisation, Marketing, Comercialización, Conception assistée, Computer aided design, Concepción asistida, Conception outil, Tool design, Concepción herramiento, Cycle développement, Life cycle, Ciclo desarrollo, Date limite, Deadline, Fechas últimas, Diminution coût, Cost lowering, Reducción costes, Document électronique, Electronic document, Documento electrónico, Durabilité, Durability, Durabilidad, Industrie automobile, Automobile industry, Industria automóvil, Industrie aéronautique, Aeronautic industry, Industria aeronáutica, Information numérique, Digital information, Información numérica, Modèle physique, Physical model, Modelo físico, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Nomenclature, Nomenclatura, Planification, Planning, Planificación, Principe travail virtuel, Virtual work principle, Principio trabajo virtual, Priorité, Priority, Prioridad, Prototypage rapide, Rapid prototyping, Prototipificación rápida, Recyclage, Recycling, Reconversión, Réalité virtuelle, Virtual reality, Realidad virtual, Structure produit, Product structure, Estructura producto, DMUs, Digital Mock-Ups, PLM, Product Life Cycle Management, automobile and aeronautics Industries, collaborative work, design, organisation, production, rapid prototyping, and technology

In order to reduce costs and deadlines while increasing product differentiation and variety, companies make use of Digital Mock-Ups (DMUs) and rapid prototyping (virtual and physical models). These allow them to anticipate (a long way upstream) questions which may arise later. The considerable development of simulation tools and prototyping has transformed the way in which products are developed. Thus, the use of a digital chain of information that goes from the expression of a product idea right through to recycling, passing through the phases of conception, production and commercialisation (Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)), has become a priority. This involves removing the separation between the world of planning and the world of production. It permits a shared nomenclature, better access to information, better anticipation and, hence, simulation at the earliest possible stage. Having said that, the approach is relatively new and using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in design and production is full of hurdles and setbacks. Finally, the experience feedback of the new usages of DMUs, virtual platforms and collaborative work highlights the importance of the strategic, organisational, cultural and human dimensions that are associated with technological innovation. The deployment of Information Technology (IT) has completely changed work practices.