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RAPID prototyping and PERFORMANCE standards

Managing tasks in a company is a crucial thing to do, considering the number of functions that exist in that company. PT.XYZ does not have a task management application that causes task complexity to occur frequently for each employee so that the employee performance evaluation cannot be objective. One alternative solution proposed is to approve the task management application and objective key results by implementing the prototyping process model at PT. XYZ so that it can produce approval of application requirements, design data, design architectures, and design applications that can support objective employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, ENGINEERING design, THREE-dimensional printing, INFORMATION retrieval, and INTERDISCIPLINARY research

Purpose This paper aims to argue about the involvement of additive technologies (ATs) in the prototyping issues of designing. More precisely, it reviews the literature contributions focused on the different perspectives of prototyping activities for design purposes, searching for both available knowledge and research needs concerning the correct exploitation of ATs.Design/methodology/approach A two-step literature review has been performed. In the first step, general information has been retrieved about prototyping issues related to design. In the second step, the literature searches were focused on retrieving more detailed information about ATs, concerning each of the main issues identified in the previous step. Extracted information has been analyzed and discussed for understanding the actual coverage of the arguments and for identifying possible research needs.Findings Four generally valid prototyping issues have been identified in the first step of the literature review. For each of them, available information and current lacks have been identified and discussed about the involvement of AT, allowing to extract six different research hints for future works.Originality/value This is the first literature review concerning AT-focused contributions that cover the complex and inter-disciplinary issues characterizing prototyping activities in design contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, BONE mechanics, THREE-dimensional printing, COMPUTED tomography, CLINICAL trials, and FEASIBILITY studies

Purpose This paper aims to explore the feasibility of rapid prototyping for human hand bones and additional artery with topological preservation.Design/methodology/approach A serial of slices derived from spiral computed tomography human hand specimen was imported into 3DSlicer 4.4.0 to obtain a three-dimensional virtual model. The model is exported as a standard template library file. Additional arteries were structured according to the atlas and the bone model. Then, a real model was printed based on the virtual model. Measurements were approached in 11 parts of the virtual and real model.Findings There is no statistical difference between virtual and real model in 11 parts, and the topological characters were preserved.Practical implications This method can be used in reconstruction of clinical iconological blood vessel and anatomical education.Originality/value This paper shows that it is possible to keep the topological structure of blood vessel not only in painting but also in clinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC vehicles, RAPID prototyping, SIGNAL processing, ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking, BRAKE systems, REGENERATIVE braking, and DESIGN

The electro-mechanical brake booster (EMBB) is a kind of mechatronic actuator, which is developed to suit the brake assist requirement of electric vehicles. In this paper, we report on the design of an EMBB system consisting of a dc motor, a two-state reduction of a gear and ball screw, a servo body, and a reaction disk. Considering the inconvenience of installation and high price of the pedal force sensor, we translate the control problem of brake power assist control to position tracking control. Meanwhile, a nonlinear control method for position tracking is presented to solve the problem of power assist braking, which is formalized as three parts: the steady-state control, feed-forward control based on reference dynamics, and state-dependent feedback control. The benefit of the nonlinear control method is that it offers a concise control law and performs well in engineering implementations. In addition, a second-order filter was designed to do the signal processing and obtain a higher-order derivative. Finally, the bench tests based on rapid control prototyping environment were designed and implemented to verify the performance of the controller. Test results show that both the position tracking performance and response time of the EMBB system performed well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, LEARNING modules, THREE-dimensional printing, TEACHING aids, DESIGN education, SCHOOL children, and ELEMENTARY education

In recent years, digital fabrication, and especially its associated activities of 3D design and printing, have taken root in school education as curriculum‐based and maker‐oriented learning activities. This article explores the adoption of 3D design and printing for learning by fourth, fifth and sixth grade children (n=64) in multidisciplinary learning modules in elementary school education. School‐coordinated 3D projects were not led by design experts, such as art and design teachers, designers, researchers or technical specialists, but run 'in the wild' by school teachers. The study was conducted by using an ethnographic research design, including field observations, non‐formal interviews and a reflective questionnaire. The results indicate that, in the adoption of 3D printing activities, learning is centred on the technical skills and the usage of 3D tools. Hence, the elementary ABCs of 3D printing do not achieve the full design and creativity potential of digital fabrication that earlier research has suggested. However, the results do have implications for the potential of 3D printing projects to increase children's empowerment. In their current state, 3D design and printing are some of the learning tools, among others, and similar achievements can be achieved with other hands‐on learning technologies. In order to enhance the learning of creativity and design thinking skills, 3D activities in school should be planned accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEAF children and RAPID prototyping

Deaf children are an underrepresented group in technology development, despite the potential technology available to aid them in language acquisition. Requirements elicitation prototyping allows Deaf children to act in an informant role in the creation of key technologies. This paper presents a case study of requirements elicitation prototyping conducted with young Deaf children in order to identify issues within the process. Potential solutions to each issue are provided so that designers working with young Deaf children as informants can adjust their design process to obtain relevant information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY, PROTOTYPES, NEW product development, AUTOMATION, and MANUFACTURING processes

Rapid Prototyping (RP) presents the automatic production of physical parts using by additive manufacturing technology. The start techniques for Rapid Prototyping became available in the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts. Today they are used for a much wider range of applications and are even used to manufacture production-quality parts in relatively small numbers. Rapid Prototyping is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, medical, and consumer products industries. In paper is presented process of design product development, product production and testing of products produced by Fused Deposition Modelling rapid prototyping technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, DESIGN, TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH, and PROTOTYPES

Rapid prototyping (RP) today is absorbed into practice and is being recognized as a significant technology for design. This paper attempts to formulate key aspects of the design methodological framework that are coalescing with RP''s capability to build artifacts as part of the creative design process. In doing so, it attempts to formulate questions and issues of RP as a design medium that supports the full spectrum of digital design as a paperless process. These issues have been the resultant of early experimental and hands-on involvement with RP technologies in research and educational environments. In this paper, a DDF method (Digital Design Fabrication) is introduced. The DDF method is a two-stage process of working that integrates generative computing and RP into one process. Together they support a process to generate diverse candidate artifacts as solutions to design problems. Through a presentation of issues, procedural observations, and research findings, a range of potential applications of the DDF model are defined and presented. It demonstrates a process of design situated between conceptual design and real-world construction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

RAPID prototyping, CONCURRENT engineering, METHODOLOGY, and MANUFACTURING processes

Abstract: The objective of the study is to suggest a methodology for fabricating designs, through the use of rapid prototyping, that are innate to this mode of production. It endeavors to do so by involving a more inclusive sensory spectrum as an essential ingredient in the conceptualization and realization of a design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

RAPID prototyping, HOUSEHOLD electronics design & construction, and NEW product development

Prototyping is an essential part of product development in companies, and yet it is one of the least explored areas of design practice. There are limited ethnographic studies conducted within companies, specifically around the topic of prototyping. This is an empirical and industrial-based study using inductive ethnographic observations to further our understanding of the various roles prototypes play in organizations. This research observed the entire product development cycle within three companies in the fields of consumer electronics (CE), footwear (FW), and medical devices (MD). Our guiding research questions are: What is a prototype? What are the roles of prototypes across these three companies? Through our analysis, we uncovered that prototypes are tools for enhanced communication, increased learning, and informed decision-making. Specifically, we further refine these categories to display the types of communication, learning, and decision-making that occur. These insights are significant because they validate many prior prototyping theories and claims, while also adding new perspectives through further exploiting each role. Finally, we provide newly modified definitions of a prototype and prototyping based on this empirical work, which we hope expands designers' mental models for the terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, ENGINEERING equipment, and SUPPORT vector machines

Designers frequently utilize engineering equipment to create physical prototypes during the iterative concept generation and prototyping phases of design. Currently, evaluating designers' efficiency during prototype creation is a manual process that either involves observational or survey based approaches. Real-time feedback when using engineering equipment has the potential to enhance designers' efficiency or mitigate potential injuries that may result from incorrect use of equipment. Toward an automated approach to addressing these challenges, the authors of this work test the hypotheses that (i) there exists a difference in designers' comfort levels before and after they use a piece of engineering prototyping equipment and (ii) a machine learning model predicts the level of comfort a designer has while using engineering prototyping equipment with accuracies greater than random chance. It has been shown that the level of comfort that an individual has while completing a task impacts their performance. The authors investigate whether automatic tracking of designers' facial expressions during prototype creation predicts their level of comfort. A study, involving 37 participants using various engineering equipment, is used to validate the approach. The support vector machine (SVM) regression model yielded a range of R squared values from 0.82 to 0.86 for an equipment-specific model. A general model built to predict comfort level across all engineering equipment yielded an R squared value of 0.68. This work has the potential to transform the manner in which design teams utilize engineering equipment toward more efficient concept generation and prototype creation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, THREE-dimensional printing, TECHNOLOGY, LEARNING, PROTOTYPES, SECONDARY education, and SCHOOL children

Following initial educational enthusiasms for 'Making' technologies and the 'Maker Movement', increasing numbers of students are now using digital fabrication programs and equipment in school. Given the current lack of empirical research exploring the realities of Making as a school activity, this paper presents an in-depth auto/ethnographic account of 3D printing-currently, one of the most popular Maker technologies in schools. Investigating the case of an 8 week Year 9 design project, this paper seeks to broaden understandings of how 3D printing technologies and practices are shaping 'what counts' as learning within contemporary school settings. In particular, this research focuses on the experiences of Making within a school context; what is learned through these experiences; and how the process of Making in school feels. This paper highlights three key issues that have been marginalised to date in discussions of Making in schools: (1) lack of pragmatic engagement, (2) affective labour of failing; and (3) mediated alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ARTIFICIAL implants, BIOMEDICAL materials, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, MEDICAL imaging systems, DESIGN, and SURGEONS

The conventional design process is prior to surgical interventions. The accuracy and efficiency of this method is heavily dependent on experiences and skills of the designer. In order to decrease the dependence on design experience and enhance the participation of surgeons in the design process, we developed a novel method to design and fabricate customized exact-fit medical implant. This method involves several technologies such as three-dimensional geometry modeling based on sectional medical images, triangular mesh defragmentation and rapid (RP) prototyping technology. With the help of a three-dimensional triangular mesh model and RP model, surgeons and engineers could consult conveniently over the design process and modify the design to achieve an exact-fit implant. The result indicates that by using this method the accuracy and efficiency is improved greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NEW product development, OPTICAL scanners, and RAPID prototyping

While the combination of 3D scanning and printing processes holds much promise for the field of new product development, problems with repeatability and accuracy have limited the wider spread adoption of some digital prototyping tools, such as 3D scanners. Studies have explored the errors inherent in higher fidelity scan to print (S2P) processes, yet few have explored the errors in S2P processes that leverage affordable rapid noncontact scanners. Studies have yet to explore the strategies that designers, who are experienced with additive manufacturing, employ to mitigate errors. To address these gaps, a controlled study was conducted using data from 27 scans collected with a prototypical off-the-shelf noncontact optical scanner. The geometric and dimensional integrity of the digital models was found to be significantly out of tolerance at various phases of the S2P process, as compared to the original physical model. Larger errors were found more consistently in the data acquisition phase of the S2P process, but results indicate these errors were not sufficiently filtered out during the remainder of the process. A behavioral study was conducted with 13 experienced designers in digital fabrication to determine strategies for manually cleaning Point Clouds. Actions such as increase or decrease in brush size and select or de-select points were recorded. These actions were analyzed using hidden Markov modeling, which revealed distinct patterns of behavior. Designer strategies were not beneficial and digital models produced by designers were found to be significantly smaller than original physical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAPID prototyping, DOCUMENTATION, INTERNETWORKING, NUMERICAL control of machine tools, and WOLFRAM language (Computer program language)

This paper describes the process for design, development and fabrication of a lamp prototype that worked as an experiment in “digital bridges” between different software, using Mathematica as the main source for design geometry that is passed dynamically to platforms for documentation, lighting analysis and rendering, as well as CNC machining for final fabrication. The process will be used as key for discussing the dynamic relationship between variation, design option and analysis, in relation to the richness of our design culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TOPOLOGY, THREE-dimensional printing, RAPID prototyping, METALS, and STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to communicate a method to perform simultaneous topology optimization of component and support structures considering typical metal additive manufacturing (AM) restrictions and post-print machining requirements.Design/methodology/approach An integrated topology optimization is proposed using two density fields: one describing the design and another defining the support layout. Using a simplified AM process model, critical overhang angle restrictions are imposed on the design. Through additional load cases and constraints, sufficient stiffness against subtractive machining loads is enforced. In addition, a way to handle non-design regions in an AM setting is introduced.Findings The proposed approach is found to be effective in producing printable optimized geometries with adequate stiffness against machining loads. It is shown that post-machining requirements can affect optimal support structure layout.Research limitations/implications This study uses a simplified AM process model based on geometrical characteristics. A challenge remains to integrate more detailed physical AM process models to have direct control of stress, distortion and overheating.Practical implications The presented method can accelerate and enhance the design of high performance parts for AM. The consideration of post-print aspects is expected to reduce the need for design adjustments after optimization.Originality/value The developed method is the first to combine AM printability and machining loads in a single topology optimization process. The formulation is general and can be applied to a wide range of performance and manufacturability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]