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Project management--United States, New products--United States--Management, Production management--United States, and Manufacturing industries--United States--Case studies

U.S. manufacturing is today in a critical period. As a consequence of new global competitors, changes in technologies, and significant shifts in national priorities, our manufacturing base has shrunk alarmingly and thousands of manufacturing jobs have been lost. To address this problem, a unique team was formed called the Manufacturing Vision Group, which included members from five major companies (Chaparral Steel, DEC, Ford Motor Company, Hewlett-Packard, and Eastman Kodak) and four major universities (Harvard, MIT, Purdue, and Stanford). In The Perpetual Enterprise Machine, this group argues that the manufacturer that can initiate successful projects--leading to new products and processes--will be the one that prospers in the years ahead. They reveal how to launch a successful project and how projects can be mechanisms for growth and learning for the firm. The Perpetual Enterprise Machine outlines seven critical elements that outstanding development projects have in common, principles that can be powerful engines of success for the manufacturer facing the challenges of today's fiercely competitive environment. Successful firms are able to use their Core Capabilities across functions, to bring together disciplines and personnel crucial to the success of the program. They have a Guiding Vision, shared by all members of the project team, that helps coordinate the actions of workers with different skills and priorities. They Push the Performance Envelope, striving to make the improvements needed to cope with a rapidly changing competitive environment. They have Leadership, someone who can navigate uncertain terrain, who sees the project's essential elements and how they fit together. They instill the team with a sense of Ownership and Commitment, linking their personal success, status, and esteem to accomplishing project goals. They use Prototyping to learn rapidly and reduce mistakes. And they Integrate within Projects, approaching individual tasks in terms of a system-wide solution. Throughout the book, the authors illustrate these seven principles with real life case histories. We see the story behind Kodak's development of the FunSaver camera (done on a unique CAD/CAM system that greatly helped integration and shortened the lead time from design to production); Ford's 1991 Crown Victoria, the first project launched under their Concept-to-Customer system; Chaparral Steel's development of the world's first horizontal steel caster; and Hewlett-Packard's wildly successful DeskJet printer. The Perpetual Enterprise Machine delivers the insights of some of the top minds from industry and academia on one of the primary concerns of American business--how to revitalize our manufacturing industries. Visionary--yet engaging and immediately accessible--it gives managers the opportunity to profit from the trials and triumphs of five major corporations, and helps them shape the kinds of projects that will thrive and prosper in the years ahead.

Creative ability in business, Technological innovations, Information technology, and Research, Industrial

The innovation process is the most important of all business processes. Innovation is the means by which value is constructed and efficiencies are created. It is the source of sustainable competitive advantage. This book shows how the innovation process is changing profoundly. Part of the change results from the application of new technologies to the innovation process itself. A new category of technology has emerged which we call'innovation technology'. This includes simulation and modelling, visualization, and rapid prototyping technologies. When used effectively, innovation technology makes the innovation process more economical and ameliorates some of its uncertainties. These technological changes are accompanied by changing organization structures and skills requirements. The technologies are used in fast moving, creative environments and are suited to project-based organization. They also require the development of new'craft'skills to realize the possibilities created by the new'code'. The book outlines a new way of thinking about innovation. Traditional definitions of'research','development'and'engineering', imply a progressive linearity which doesn't exist in reality. They are also associated with organizational departments, which are breaking down where once they existed, and are in any case non-existent in the vast majority of firms. They also fail to capture the central importance of design in innovation. We propose a new schema for the innovation process: Think, Play, Do. Innovation requires creating new ideas and thinking about new options, playing with them to see if they are practical, economical and marketable, and then doing: making the innovation real. This new schema captures the emerging innovation process using a more contemporary idiom. The book reports in-depth studies from a number of companies and sectors. Major case studies of Procter and Gamble and Arup Partners are presented. It reports on the use of innovation technology in a range of other companies and organizations, from pharmaceuticals in GSK, to engineering design in Ricardo engineering, and welding in TWI. We describe how innovation technology is used in traditional industries, such as in mining, and in public projects, such as the development of London's traffic congestion charge and the stabilization of the leaning tower of Pisa.

Integrated Safety System,E/E-Architecture,fault-tolerant hardware,dependable software platform, dependability software services,Agreement,SW-Watchdog

In this dissertation, concepts of the electronic architecture of automotive Integrated Safety System are developed as a cooperative approach of engineering process, dependable hardware architecture and software platform. The development process covers distributed rapid prototyping with virtual front-loading and correct-by-construction. Concepts of fault tolerant hardware architecture and dependability software services are discussed with design guidelines.

Virtual Prototyping, System Level Design, Modeling and Simulation

This work presents a virtual prototyping methodology for the design and verification of industrial devices in the field level of industrial automation systems. This work demonstrates that virtual prototypes can help increase the confidence in the correctness of a design thanks to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between hardware, software, analog and mixed-signal components of embedded systems and the physical processes they interact with.

Mikrofluidikchip, Rapid Prototyping, Lithographie, Ligandenmuster, Mikrospiegelarray

In this work, a maskless lithography device based on a micro-mirror array was designed and built. Single projection frames are seamlessly projected next to each other. Microfluidic chips of several cm² size comprising channels of 50 µm have been built of various polymers via direct lithography and casting. Also, bio-chemical ligand patterns comprising 256 different ligand densities have been created in a few seconds on a 5 mm² substrate with pixel sizes of a few µm.

physikalisch-basierte Simulation, Mehrkörpersysteme, deformierbare Festkörper, GPU-basierte Simulationphysically-based simulation, multi-body systems, deformable solids, GPU-based simulation

Interactive physically-based simulation of rigid bodies and deformable solids is an important and active research topic in computer graphics as well as an essential part of many applications like virtual prototyping, computer games or training simulators. This work presents interactive simulation methods for multi-body systems, cloth and incompressible deformable solids. Furthermore, GPU-based methods are introduced which accelerate the simulation significantly.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Computer and Information Science, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, and Digital Image Processing

MATLAB is an indispensable asset for scientists, researchers, and engineers. The richness of the MATLAB computational environment combined with an integrated development environment (IDE) and straightforward interface, toolkits, and simulation and modeling capabilities, creates a research and development tool that has no equal. From quick code prototyping to full blown deployable applications, MATLAB stands as a de facto development language and environment serving the technical needs of a wide range of users. As a collection of diverse applications, each book chapter presents a novel application and use of MATLAB for a specific result.

Communications Engineering, Networks, Computer Communication Networks, Software Engineering, and Computational Intelligence

This book summarizes work being undertaken within the collaborative MODAClouds research project, which aims to facilitate interoperability between heterogeneous Cloud platforms and remove the constraints of deployment, portability, and reversibility for end users of Cloud services. Experts involved in the project provide a clear overview of the MODAClouds approach and explain how it operates in a variety of applications.While the wide spectrum of available Clouds constitutes a vibrant technical environment, many early-stage issues pose specific challenges from a software engineering perspective. MODAClouds will provide methods, a decision support system, and an open source IDE and run-time environment for the high-level design, early prototyping, semiautomatic code generation, and automatic deployment of applications on multiple Clouds. It will free developers from the need to commit to a fixed Cloud technology stack during software design and offer benefits in terms of cost savings, portability of applications and data between Clouds, reversibility (moving applications and data from Cloud to non-Cloud environments), risk management, quality assurance, and flexibility in the development process.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Technology, Material Science, and Manufacturing Engineering

Freedoms in material choice based on combinatorial design, different directions of process optimization, and computational tools are a significant advantage of additive manufacturing technology. The combination of additive and information technologies enables rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing models on the design stage, thereby significantly accelerating the design cycle in mechanical engineering. Modern and high-demand powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition methods allow obtaining functional complex shapes and functionally graded structures. Until now, the experimental parametric analysis remains as the main method during AM optimization. Therefore, an additional goal of this book is to introduce readers to new modeling and material's optimization approaches in the rapidly changing world of additive manufacturing of high-performance metals and alloys.

Additive Fertigung, Glas, Nanokomposite, Polymethylmethacrylat, Stereolithographie,additive manufacturing, glass, nanocomposite, polymethylmethacrylate, stereolithography

Curable nanocomposites were developed to fabricate fused silica glass. During a thermal debinding and sintering step a transparent fused silica glass is received. These nanocomposites can be structured using stereolithography or replicative processes. PMMA prepolymers were developed which can be structured using lithography in a few seconds. PFPEs were established as a stereolithography material.

surface integrity, contact mechanics, friction and wear, coatings and surface treatments, multiscale tribology, and computational methods and optimization techniques applied in surface engineering

The desired properties of surface components include the improvement of different properties, such as aesthetic appearance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, electronic or electrical properties, thermal insulation, wear, triboemission and corrosion resistance through barriers.These properties can be enhanced using different methods, such as by adding a coating. Nevertheless, the bulk of the material or substrate cannot be considered independent of the surface treatment. Metal cutting is one of the general machining methods used to achieve high accuracy and productivity for metal parts.The topics of the book “Manufacturing and Surface Engineering” include the full range of surface engineering aspects, i.e., surface integrity, contact mechanics, friction and wear, coatings and surface treatments, multiscale tribology, computational methods, and optimization techniques applied in surface engineering.Recent experimental works by Zhang, Li, Zhang, Zhang and Duan, and by other researchers outlined that coating layer surface treatments may increase the damping behavior of thin-walled mechanical components vibrating in flexural conditions. Nevertheless, it was also experimentally found by the authors that most of these coating surface treatments had a negligible or null effect with respect to the vibrational damped response in testing or operating conditions. Ciniero, Le Rouzic and Reddyhoff report the potential of measuring charged particle emissions and/or tribocharging for the study or monitoring of the failure of coatings. The spatial information of triboemission allows the identification of the exact time and location of the failure. The evolution of the failure during sliding and the change in the characteristics of the contact are also monitored. After studying the effect of the Ti content on the performance of FeCoCrNiAlTix, He, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Dong and Li establish that the structure of FeCoCrNiAlTix coatings consists of two kinds of BCC phases. With the continuous increase in Ti content, the number of eutectic structures decreases, accompanying the increase in the proeutectic phase and the Ti-rich second phase is precipitated out. Abutaha, Abdul Razak, and Ibrahim developed an experimental investigation into the engineering properties of concrete incorporating POC as an aggregate and filler material. This approach offers an environmentally-friendly solution to the ongoing waste problems associated with palm oil waste material.Liu and Janssen studied the effects of impact on the wear of the structural steel S235 in various liquids. When the impact is small, corrosion plays a dominant role, thus the sample in seawater wears the least due to the beneficial interaction with abrasion. However, when the impact is large, the wear rates of three liquids do not show a noticeable difference, because the wear mechanism changes from material removal to mainly plastic deformation. The influence of corrosion becomes a minor influencing factor when subject to impact.Vázquez Martínez, Salguero Gómez, Batista Ponce and Botana Pedemonte analyzed the different treatments obtained through setup parameter combinations to obtain samples with widely varying features, according to the thickness of the treated layer and the incidence depth of the laser beam. This diversity of samples shows a range of color tonalities from soft gold to medium gray and blue. Microstructural changes and oxidation layer generation provide a significant increase in the material hardness, reaching Vickers hardness values close to 1000 HV for high intensity treatments.Takada and Sasahara studied the FSB process using four levels of tip radius burnishing tools and investigated their effect on surface roughness, hardness and residual stress for a 0.45% C steel shaft. The thickness of the hardened layer increased as the tool tip radius decreased. The hardness value of the processed layer reached 600 HV. The residual stress on the processed surface was compressive when a radius tool with a smaller tip was used, and the residual stress turned tensile when a radius tool with a larger tip was used.Vereschaka, Kataeva, Sitnikov, Aksenenko, Oganyan and Sotova searched for patterns that allow a reliable justification for the choice of the composition of coatings and their micro- and nanostructures depending on the material being machined and the cutting regimes (in particular, the cutting speed).Amadori, Catania and Casagrande investigated experimentally eight different innovative composite solutions. A significant increase in the damping behavior was observed for all of these solutions with respect to the uncoated components, and with respect to the already known solutions that have previously been investigated by these authors and other researchers. The coating solution employing an Al2O3 powder + matrix, made using a screen-printing and curing technology on an Al alloy substrate, proved to be the most effective technology with respect to the aim of this work. Catania and Strozzi investigated the performance of different solutions in a free and forced flexural vibration response; they propose a simple model based on the assumption of a multi-layer, zig-zag beam, which also locally models the dissipative actions at the interface between the layers. Some virtual prototyping application examples are also reported.

3D printing, Cytotoxicity, Microfluidics, Photochemistry, and Polymerization

3D printing has revolutionized the microfabrication prototyping workflow over the past few years. With the recent improvements in 3D printing technologies, highly complex microfluidic devices can be fabricated via single-step, rapid, and cost-effective protocols as a promising alternative to the time consuming, costly and sophisticated traditional cleanroom fabrication. Microfluidic devices have enabled a wide range of biochemical and clinical applications, such as cancer screening, micro-physiological system engineering, high-throughput drug testing, and point-of-care diagnostics. Using 3D printing fabrication technologies, alteration of the design features is significantly easier than traditional fabrication, enabling agile iterative design and facilitating rapid prototyping. This can make microfluidic technology more accessible to researchers in various fields and accelerates innovation in the field of microfluidics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in 3D printing and its use for various biochemical and biomedical applications.

cement pastes, rheology, particle suspensions, Carbopol, yield stress, thixotropy, lubricating grease, steady-state and transient flow, microstructure, nanocomposites, LCB polypropylene, oscillatory flows, elongational flow, grout, natural hydraulic lime, masonry, consolidation, shear thickening, colloids, continuum model, computational rheology, diutan gum, rhamsan gum, viscoelasticity, flow properties, weak gel, complex fluids, drop formation, epoxy, jetting, polymers, polymer processing, prototyping, rheometry, polystyrene, linear viscoelasticity, start-up shear, biopolymer, eco-friendly surfactant, microfluidization, thyme oil, shear-banding flow, BMP model, normal stresses, Saffman–Taylor instability, yield stress fluid, traction test, bulk rheology, droplet size distribution (DSD), dilatational rheology, emulsion stability, interfacial shear rheology, piezoelectric, pressure transducers, extrusion, viscous gravity spreading, nonlinear diffusion equation, Navier-Stokes equations, volume of fluid method, OpenFOAM, generalized Boussinesq equation, porous medium equation, and Dupuit-Forchheimer assumption

Rheology, defined as the science of deformation and flow of matter, is a multidisciplinary scientific field, covering both fundamental and applied approaches. The study of rheology includes both experimental and computational methods, which are not mutually exclusive. Its practical importance embraces many processes, from daily life, like preparing mayonnaise or spread an ointment or shampooing, to industrial processes like polymer processing and oil extraction, among several others. Practical applications include also formulations and product development. This Special Issue aims to present the latest advances in the fields of experimental and computational rheology applied to the most diverse classes of materials (foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polymers and biopolymers, multiphasic systems and composites) and processes. This Special Issue will comprise, not only original research papers, but also review articles.

human-computer interface (HCI), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), modified sliding window algorithm, piecewise linear approximation (PLA), support vector regression, eye tracking, blockchain, ontology, context, cyber-physical systems, robotics, interaction, coalition, individual management of livestock, momentum data sensing, remote sensing platform, sensor networks, technology convergence, industry 4.0, distributed measurement systems, automation networks, node-RED, cloud computing, OPC UA, hardware trojan taxonomy, thermal imaging, side channel analysis, infrared, FPGA, Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks, Cloud of Things, virtual sensor, sensor detection, smart cities, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard, Arduino, open hardware, smart farming, teaching robotics, science teaching, STEM, robotic tool, Python, PiCamera, vision system, service learning, open platform, automated vehicle, EPICS, open-source platform, visual algorithms, digital signal controllers, embedded systems education, dsPIC, Java, smart converter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), photovoltaic (PV) system, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), interleaved, DC/DC converter, and distributed energy resource

Open-source electronics are becoming very popular, and are integrated with our daily educational and developmental activities. At present, the use open-source electronics for teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a global trend. Off-the-shelf embedded electronics such as Arduino- and Raspberry-compatible modules have been widely used for various applications, from do-it-yourself (DIY) to industrial projects. In addition to the growth of open-source software platforms, open-source electronics play an important role in narrowing the gap between prototyping and product development. Indeed, the technological and social impacts of open-source electronics in teaching, research, and innovation have been widely recognized.

Future, Prototypes, Technology, Design, Crowdfunding, Makerspace, Materiality, Technologization, Social Practice, Prototyping, Science, Society, Sociology of Technology, Sociology of Science, Sociological Theory, Sociology, Zukunft, Prototypen, Technik, Materialität, Technologisierung, Soziale Praxis, Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft, Techniksoziologie, Wissenschaftssoziologie, Soziologische Theorie, and Soziologie

Prototypes migrate from the workshops to society. They are no longer considered deficient because of incomplete objects. Rather, it is through the design of the material provisional that the social day after tomorrow is shaped and technologised. The production and reception of these artefacts is transformed from an exclusive expert activity to a public social practice: Prototypes are produced in publicly accessible Makerspaces and celebrated in urban event formats. Sascha Dickel shows that this can also be accompanied by a new form of criticism that does not oppose the technologization of the social, but opens up ways to design alternative futures in a technologically integrated world.

cell-free protein synthesis, unnatural amino acid, unnatural protein, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS), in vitro transcription-translation (TX-TL), cell-free protein expression (CFPE), in vitro protein synthesis, cell-free synthetic biology, cell-free metabolic engineering (CFME), colicins, antimicrobials, chaperones, in vitro translation, protein production, drug development, eukaryotic lysates, microsomes, growth factors, enzymes, cell-free metabolic engineering, bioconversion platform, synthetic biology, cell-free transcription-translation, rapid prototyping, artificial cell, riboregulator, DNA origami, mathematical model, CFPS, tPa, tissue plasminogen activator, ischemic stroke, E. coli crude extract preparation, genomically engineered E. coli, and sonication

Cell-free synthetic biology is in the spotlight as a powerful and rapid approach to characterize and engineer natural biological systems. The open nature of cell-free platforms brings an unprecedented level of control and freedom for design compared to in vivo systems. This versatile engineering toolkit is used for debugging biological networks, constructing artificial cells, screening protein library, prototyping genetic circuits, developing new drugs, producing metabolites, and synthesizing complex proteins including therapeutic proteins, toxic proteins, and novel proteins containing non-standard (unnatural) amino acids. The book consists of a series of reviews, protocols, benchmarks, and research articles describing the current development and applications of cell-free synthetic biology in diverse areas.

architecture, architectural design, built environment, and physical environment

Design Transactions presents the outcome of new research to emerge from ‘Innochain’, a consortium of six leading European architectural and engineering-focused institutions and their industry partners. The book presents new advances in digital design tooling that challenge established building cultures and systems. It offers new sustainable and materially smart design solutions with a strong focus on changing the way the industry thinks, designs, and builds our physical environment. Divided into sections exploring communication, simulation and materialisation, Design Transactions explores digital and physical prototyping and testing that challenges the traditional linear construction methods of incremental refinement. This novel research investigates ‘the digital chain’ between phases as an opportunity for extended interdisciplinary design collaboration. The highly illustrated book features work from 15 early-stage researchers alongside chapters from world-leading industry collaborators and academics.

Cyber-physical systems, IoT, Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing, Robotics and Automation, Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrial Management, Industrial Automation, Open Access, Semantic Web Technologies, Simulation-based Decision Making, Cycle Time Modeling, Automated Material Handling system, Material Flow Simulation, Digitalized Workplaces, Automated Decision-making, Cross Factory Decision-making, Mixed Criticality Systems, Digital twin, Rapid Prototyping, System dynamic simulation, Return on quality, iDev40, EADTC 2018, EADTC 2019, Electrical engineering, Cybernetics & systems theory, Engineering: general, Management of specific areas, and Robotics

This open access book reports on cutting-edge electrical engineering and microelectronics solutions to foster and support digitalization in the semiconductor industry. Based on the outcomes of the European project iDev40, which were presented at the two first conference editions of the European Advances in Digital Transformation Conference (EADCT 2018 and EADTC 2019), the book covers different, multidisciplinary aspects related to digital transformation, including technological and industrial developments, as well as human factors research and applications. Topics include modeling and simulation methods in semiconductor operations, supply chain management issues, employee training methods and workplaces optimization, as well as smart software and hardware solutions for semiconductor manufacturing. By highlighting industrially relevant developments and discussing open issues related to digital transformation, the book offers a timely, practice-oriented guide to graduate students, researchers and professionals interested in the digital transformation of manufacturing domains and work environments.