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Open source software, Public software -- Analysis, and Rapid prototyping -- Analysis

Keywords: Dynamic optimization; Dynamic simulation; Pyomo; Process control; Williams-Otto process Abstract With ongoing digitalization, fast simulation of process dynamics offers new opportunities for model-based control schemes. This is eased by the availability of high-level, open-access, easy-to-use software able to simulate and optimize chemical processes, making rapid prototyping possible also for the chemical engineer. In this study, the capabilities of the Python-based open-source software package Pyomo towards industrial application is illustrated in modeling and comparing different control schemes for a simple Williams-Otto process. It is shown how to simulate the process dynamics and how to compute optimal control trajectories for minimizing waste and maximizing yield. Two approaches to setpoint tracking are compared: one based on proportional-integral feedback control and one based on optimal open-loop control. Byline: Julia Riese, Jochen Schmid, Katrin Teichert, Moncef Chioua, Thorsten Schindler, Michael Bortz

Rapid prototyping and Autografts

Keywords: digital dentistry; endodontics; laboratory technology; oral surgery; pain Abstract Objective To describe a method to fabricate donor tooth replica to assist surgeons in preparation of recipient socket during tooth autotransplantation. Materials and Methods A total of 28 compromised molars in 27 patients were transplanted with third molars using computer-aided rapid prototyping (CARP) technique. Surgery time and extra-alveolar time were documented. Postoperatively, the distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was measured. The degree of postoperative pain experienced was assessed with visual analog scale at day 1, 3, and 7. Results From 28 clinical cases, the average extra-alveolar time and surgery time were 2.5 minutes ([+ or -]1.3) and 44minutes ([+ or -]6.8), respectively. Postoperatively, the average distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was 0.87mm ([+ or -]0.15) at the mesial-cervix, 0.95mm ([+ or -]0.17) at the distal-cervix, 0.88mm ([+ or -]0.18) at the buccal-cervix, and 0.95mm ([+ or -]0.13) at the lingual-cervix. The value of visual analog scale score significantly decreased from day 1 to day 3. Conclusions CARP is a reliable technique for fabrication of tooth like surgical replicas in conventional autotransplantation. Clinical Significance CARP technique minimized extra-oral time, reduced iatrogenic damage, and consequently increased the survival rate of tooth autotransplantation. Byline: Jia-jia Xia, Zi-yu Ge, Xiao-hui Fu, Yan-zhen Zhang