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Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Dinidoridae, Dinidor, and Dinidor saucius

Dinidor saucius St��l 1870 Dinidor saucius St��l: 79; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 235; Kirkaldy, 1909: 254; Schouteden, 1913: 5; Durai, 1987: 228, 231���232. 1873 Cyclopelta saucia: Walker: 27. 2015 Dinidor mactabilis: Schwertner and Grazia: 822, 827, 849, figs.; Genevcius et al., 2016: 1���4. Distribution. BRAZIL: Esp��rito Santo, Rio de Janeiro (Cachoeiras de Macacu [new rec.], Itatiaia [new rec.], and Rio de Janeiro); Santa Catarina (Joinville [new rec.]); S��o Paulo (Barueri [new rec.], ��leo [new rec.], Santos [new rec.], S��o Bernardo do Campo, S��o Paulo [new rec.]). Material examined. Brasil, SP, S��o Bernardo do Campo, Acampamento dos Engenheiros 23��44���52������S, 46��38���13.71������W, 11���12.Nov.2010, Bio de Campo UNIFESP (1♀); [Brasil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♀); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta. Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956, in the back of the label] (2♀); Brasil, Joinville, Rio Bracinho, S[an]ta Catarina, Museu Dirings col. [Mar 1956, written in the back of the label] (1♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (2♀); [Brazil] 1.XII.1954, Barueri (Est. S.P.), K. Lenko leg. (1♀); Brasil S��o Paulo, Est. SP.���J. J. Ferraciolli, leg., 30.II.1954 (1♀); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S. Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (2♀); [Brazil] Horto Florestal, S��o Paulo ���S.P., Brasil ��� 13.IV.1962, Lenko & Reichardt col. (4♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, Dirings col. [Agt 1956 written in the back of the label] (2♂); Brasil, Santos, Est[ado] S[��o] Paulo, Dirings col. [Nov 1950, written in the back of the label] (1♂); [Brazil] Barueri, S��o Paulo ��� Brasil, 28. III.1955, K. Lenko col. (1♂); Brasil, Joinville, S[an]ta Catarina, II-54, Dirings col. (1♂). Itatiaia, E[stado] do Rio-Brasil, J. F. Zik��n col., 7.IV.[19]31 (18♀ ♂); Brasil, RJ Estado, Local Ipanema, Col. J. Jurberg, Data X-[19]91, N�� (1♂); Brasil ���Estado PR, Local ��leo, Col. Cunha, Data 01/[19]96, N�� (1♂); Brazil, Rio de Jan[eiro], Acc[ess] No. 2966 Nov [ember], CJ Drake coll. 1956 (1♀). [Brazil] Rio [de Janeiro], PR Uhler Collection, no date (1♀ 2♂). * the species D. braziliensis and D. Impicticollis have unique colouration within the genus Dinidor; see text for explanation. ** Except for D. jograziae, body length measurements based on Durai (1987). Comments. The study of the specimens allows us to conclude that the correct identification of the species cited in Genevcius et al. (2016) is actually D. saucius. Some diagnostic characteristics pointed out by Durai (1987) in her key to separate D. mactabilis and D. saucius, for instance the colouration of the costal margin of the corium, are incongruent with the type specimens of both species, and the additional material examined. Indeed, the costal margins of hemelytra in red, orange or light brown is a characteristic seen in every species of the genus Dinidor, and cannot be used to separate the species. Some of the other characters used to diagnose the species, such as the width of the median coloured stripe along the pronotum, showed great variation within the species, and are not reliable for the correct identification of both species, D. mactabilis and D. saucius. Diagnostic characters for the five species of Dinidor with similar colouration (excluding D. braziliensis and D. impicticollis) are presented in Table 1. Prior to this work, the distribution of D. saucius has been scarcely addressed. St��l (1870) described the species from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).Although Durai (1987) only mention Brazil for the distribution of D. saucius, additional material examined by the author were collected in the neighbouring State of Esp��rito Santo (dashed in the map), expanding the distribution of the species. Rolston et al. (1996) only cited Rio de Janeiro, and as the two previous works, no specific locality information was provided. Genevcius et al. (2016) recorded D. saucius (as D. mactabilis, see above) from the state of S��o Paulo (S��o Bernardo do Campo). Aside from the new locality records from the states of Rio de Janeiro and S��o Paulo, we extend the known distribution of D. saucius southwards by at least 600km, to the state of Santa Catarina. The distribution pattern of D. saucius seems to include only the Atlantic Rain Forest region, in southern and southeastern Brazil (Fig. 9).
Published as part of L��pez, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2021, Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius St��l, pp. 654-662 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 658-660, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/4692744
{"references":["Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera jemte systematiska meddelanden. Enumeratio Dinidorinorum. In: Kungliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar. Bd. 9. No. 1. P. A. Norstedt, Stockholm, pp. 79 - 89.","Schouteden, H. (1913) Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Dinidorinae, the genera with lists of species. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 153, 1 - 19, 2 pls.","Durai, P. S. S. (1987) A Revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects, 21 (1), 163 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1987.11835477","Genevcius, B. C., Carrenho, R. & Schwertner, C. F. (2016) Dinidor mactabilis (Perty, 1833): first record of Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Check List, 12 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.3.1900","Rolston, L. H., Rider, D. A., Murray, M. J. & Aalbu, R. L. (1996) Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 39 (1), 22 - 101."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Dinidoridae

López, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan, Schwertner, Cristiano F. (2021): Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius Stål. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 654-662, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.40

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Naucoridae

SUBFAMILY LACCOCORINAE STÅL, 1876 FIGS 3B, 4– 6, 10E, 11E, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21 Type species: Laccocoris spurcus Stål, 1856. Taxonomic history: Stål (1876) proposed the division Laccocoraria to contain two genera, Heleocoris and Laccocoris, that he described. Montandon (1897b) e l e v a t e d L a c c o c o r a r i a t o s u b f a m i l y s t a t u s a s Laccocorinae. Popov (1970) considered this group as a tribe-level taxon, Laccocorini, within subfamily Naucorinae, but this classification scheme has not been followed by other specialists. Presently, ten genera are recognized in the subfamily, with no suprageneric organization as tribes. Revised taxonomy: Laccocorinae remains unchanged with respect to constituent species, although synonymies, new genera and tribes are proposed here. In my Most Probable Phylogeny dendrogram (Fig. 9), I substituted the ML topology of the clade sister to Ctenipocoris to represent what I consider to be the most plausible evolutionary relationships in the subfamily. Laccocorinae is represented by four distinct major clades, which are herein recognized as tribe-level taxa (Fig. 13). Two of the predominant genera (Heleocoris and Laccocoris) in the subfamily are polyphyletic and occur in multiple clades in two tribes. Species of Heleocoris occur in three disparate clades (Figs 13, 14). The type species is Heleocoris obliquatus (Spinola, 1837) from Bombay (Mumbai, India) as designated by Stål (1876), who based his designation on a specimen in the collection of Signoret. Montandon (1910b) questioned the existence of the type specimen, which was based on a brief original description, and provided a redescription of the species based on a specimen in Distant’s collection from the Dawna Hills of eastern Burma. Given that most species in these groups are restricted to particular geographic regions, it is highly doubtful that the specimen upon which Montandon redescribed H. obliquatus was in fact that species. Further vitiating this identification is the figure in Distant (1910: 322) of a specimen from ‘Lower Burma’ identified by Montandon as H. obliquatus, which instead clearly is Heleocoris strabus Montandon, 1897b. As such, H. obliquatus from Mumbai remains enigmatic and nearly impossible to diagnose without an authoritatively identified specimen, and thus is a species inquirenda. Nonetheless, because the type locality was given as ‘Bombay’, I here consider the clade containing species of Heleocoris from central India (all but the far eastern states) to be valid Heleocoris. Other clades containing Heleocoris from Africa and Indochina each must have the genus renamed. Species of Laccocoris were recovered in two distinct clades within different tribes (Figs 13, 15). The type species is Laccocoris spurcus (Stål, 1856) from Africa; thus, the species of Laccocoris from Africa remain unchanged. However, the species of Laccocoris from Sundaland and the Philippines are here placed in a newly erected genus, Heleolaccocoris gen. nov. Because the well-supported ML topology recovered Heleolaccocoris as sister to three species of Indochinese Heleocoris in successively more inclusive clades, this necessitated either designation of additional genera to accommodate the clades of Indochinese Heleocoris, or placing them all in Heleolaccocoris as I have done here (Fig. 13: bluecoloured clades). The previously recognized distinction between the two genera (Heleocoris and Laccocoris) was based on the shape of the labrum as wider than long with a rounded apex or longer than wide with an acute apex. This has been generally considered a feature inconsistent with phylogeny by recent scientists who have studied the group. In a treatment of the Naucoridae in Singapore, Polhemus & Polhemus (2013) considered the generic limits of Heleocoris and Laccocoris to be indistinct and correctly predicted the possible synonymy of Asian Laccocoris with Heleocoris. Diagnosis: This subfamily has a suite of unique diagnostic attributes, some of which exhibit variation among genera. The front of the head is folded posteroventrally such that the labrum is set back from the functional anterior margin of the head (Fig. 3b). Males of all genera have a dense tomentose pad ventrally over much of the mesotibia and tarsomeres 2 and 3 (Fig. 12), and to a lesser extent the protibia and tarsus, whereas in females the pads are greatly reduced. The prothoracic pretarsal claws are paired and articulated, except in Namtokocoris in which they are single and fused with the tarsus, which is the condition found in all other subfamilies (Fig. 4c). Males have two-segmented front tarsi and females only one, except in Ctenipocoris where both sexes have two, and in Namtokocoris and Pogonocaudina where both sexes have one (Fig. 4). Comments: This subfamily is circumtropical in distribution and is most common in Africa and Asia. It is not known from Australia. Although Ctenipocoris is circumtropical in distribution, each of the other major clades in the subfamily has a distinct geographic association.
Published as part of Sites, Robert W., 2022, Phylogeny and revised classification of the saucer bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae), pp. 1245-1286 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 on pages 1262-1264, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab105, http://zenodo.org/record/6994599
{"references":["Stal C. 1876. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda. Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Kongliga Svenska VetenskapsAkademiens Handlingar 14: 1 - 167.","Stal C. 1856. Hemiptera samlade af Victorin i Caplandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 13: 193 - 199.","Montandon AL. 1897 b. Hemiptera Cryptocerata. Fam. Naucoridae. Sous fam. Laccocorinae. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 47: 435 - 454.","Popov YA. 1970. Notes on the classification of the recent Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Biological Sciences) 18: 93 - 98.","Spinola M. 1837. Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des Hemipteres, Lin. ou Rhyngotes, Fab. et a la section des Heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Graviers, Genes, 383 pp.","Montandon AL. 1910 b. Especes nouvelles ou peu connues d'Hydrococrises de l'Inde. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Bucarest, Roumanie 19: 652 - 658.","Distant WL. 1910. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. V. Heteroptera: Appendix. London: Taylor & Francis.","Polhemus DA, Polhemus JT. 2013. Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. XI. Infraorder Nepomorpha - families Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61: 665 - 686."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Naucoridae, Naucoris, Naucoris maculatus, Naucoris maculatus conspersus stål, and Naucoris maculatus conspersus st��l

Naucoris maculatus conspersus St��l (Figs 6 B, 12 B) Material examined. Station 1, 28 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 18 -vii- 2013, 2♂; station 6, 18 -vii- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 7, 29 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 8, 23 -v- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♀; station 9, 30 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 25 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 3 ♀; station 10, 29 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♀; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 29 - x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 11:, 30 -i- 2013, 1♂; 28 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 28 -iii- 2013, 1♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 17, 27 - vi- 2013, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; station 21, 27 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; station 22, 23 -iv- 2013, 4 ♂ 3 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 3 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 5♂ 4 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 3♂ 4 ♀; station 23, 24 -vii- 2013, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013,1 ♂ 2 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013,2 ♂ 2 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; station 24, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 26 -ii- 2013, 1♂; 26 -iii- 2013, 1♂; 23 -iv- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 21 -v- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 27 -vi- 2013, 4♂ 5 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 5♂ 4 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 5♂ 5 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 5♂ 8 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 26 -xii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; station 25, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♀; 26 -ii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; 26 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 23 -iv- 2013, 3♂; 21 - v- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 27 -vi- 2013, 1♂; 24 -vii- 2013, 5♂ 5 ♀; 20 -viii- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; 03-ix- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 28 -xi- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; station 30, 25 -vii- 2013, 2 ♂; 05-ix- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; station 31, 29 -vi- 2013, 1 ♂ 2 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂; 30 -xi- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; station 33 29 -vi- 2013, 1♂; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 34, 29 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 2 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 05-ix- 2013, 2♂; station 35, 29 -i- 2013, 1 ♂; 27 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 1♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 28 -vi- 2013, 2♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 21 - viii- 2013, 1♀; 04-ix- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 29 -xi- 2013, 3♂ 5 ♀; 27 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; station 36, 29 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 27 -ii- 2013, 3♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 2♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 28 -vi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; 24 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 21 -viii- 2013, 4♂ 3 ♀; 04-ix- 2013, 3♂ 3 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 29 -xi- 2013,3 ♀; 27 -xii- 2013, 2♂; station 37, 29 -i- 2013, 2 ♂ 2 ♀; 27 -ii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 27 -iii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 24 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 2 ♀; 22 -v- 2013, 3♀; station 38, 30 -i- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 28 -ii- 2013, 2♂; 28 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 1♂; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 25 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 4 ♀; 28 -xii- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; station 39, 22 -viii- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 29 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 42, 19 -viii- 2013, 2 ♂; station 43, 26 -vi- 2013, 4 ♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 31 -x- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; station 44, 27 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -ii- 2013, 1♀; 22 -iv- 2013, 3♂ 1 ♀; 20 -v- 2013, 3♂ 5 ♀; 26 -vi- 2013, 4♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 19 -viii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 02-ix- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 4♂ 2 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; station 45, 31 -x- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 46, 26 -vi- 2013, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; 16 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 27 -xi- 2013, 1♂ 3 ♀; 25 -xii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; station 47, 30 -i- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 25 -iii- 2013, 1♂ 2 ♀; station 48, 23 -v- 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 19 -vii- 2013, 1♂; 22 -viii- 2013,1 ♂ 1 ♀; station 49, 28 -i- 2013, 1 ♀; 25 -iv- 2013, 2♂ 4 ♀; 23 -v- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 29 -vi- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 19 -vii- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 22 -viii- 2013, 2♂ 2 ♀; 05-ix- 2013, 1♂ 1 ♀; 31 -x- 2013, 2♂ 1 ♀; 30 -xi- 2013, 2♂ 4 ♀. Comments. This species is very common in Tunisia throughout the year, and inhabits stagnant or slowflowing waters, temporal or permanent, fresh water or brackish, with abundant riparian vegetation. It was first recorded from Tunisia by Ferrari (1884) under the name of Naucoris maculatus Fabricius. Distribution. This is a North African sub-species also known in southern Europe (south Portugal, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia) (Polhemus 1995; Carapezza 1997).
Published as part of Slimani, Noura, Moulet, Pierre, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico, Pluot-Sigwalt, Dominique, Bouma��za, Moncef & Guilbert, Eric, 2015, Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia, pp. 151-176 in Zootaxa 3981 (2) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239818
{"references":["Ferrari, P. M. (1884) Materiali per lo studio della fauna tunisina raccolti da G. e L. Doria. Rincoti. Annal del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 1, 439 - 522.","Carapezza, A. (1997) Heteroptera of Tunisia. Naturalista Siciliano, Serie IV, 21 (Supplement A), 1 - 312."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Rhacognathus

Rhacognathus americanus Stål, 1870 Distribution: Canada: AB, MB, NT (Maw et al. 2000), ON (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), QC (Roch 2020). United States: IL, IN, MA, MI, MN, NE, OH. Comments: Paiero (2019) has recently discussed the known records of this species from North America and has speculated that it might be extirpated from or might even be extinct from large portions of its known range. Further collecting is needed to test this possibility.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Paiero, S. M. (2019) Does it make scents? Making a case for the extirpation, and possibly extinction, of the native stink bug Rhacognathus americanus (Pentatomidae: Asopinae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 150, 37 - 45."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), and Pentatominae

Lycipta Stål (1862a) was proposed as a genus to include three species previously placed in Euschistus Dallas – Euschistus illotus Stål, 1860; E. triangulator (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842); and E. scabricornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844). Later, Stål (1862b) treated Lycipta as a subgenus of Euschistus and described E. (L.) spurculus. Stål (1872) transferred E. spurculus to Euschistus (Euschistus); treated E. scabricornis as inserti generis (actually Agroecus scabricornis); and added three new species to Euschistus (Lycipta). As a result (Stål 1872), there are five species: E. (L.) cornutus (Dallas, 1851); E. (L.) cribrarius Stål, 1872; E. (L.) illotus; E. (L.) picticornis Stål, 1872; and E. (L.) triangulator. Rolston (1982) added five new species to Lycipta: E. (L.) luridus (Dallas, 1851); E. (L.) circumfusus Berg, 1883; E. (L.) imitator Berg, 1878; E. (L.) machadus Rolston, 1982; and E. (L.) sharpi Bergroth, 1891. Thomas (1983) corrected the homonymy of Euschistus luridus Dallas, 1851, replacing the name of E. (L.) aceratos Berg, 1894. Grazia & Hildebrand (1982) transferred Berecynthus monrosi Pirán, 1963 to Euschistus; Rolston (1984), based on the illustrations of the head and spermatheca of E. monrosi provided by Grazia & Hildebrand (1982), included this species in the subgenus Lycipta. Finally, Grazia & Hildebrand (1983) described E. (Lycipta) longicornis, for a total of 12 species in the subgenus.

A subfamília Limnocorinae (Naucoridae) possui quatro gêneros nominais na literatura, entretanto, apenas Limnocoris Stål, 1860 é considerado válido. O presente estudo revisa taxonomicamente as espécies do gênero, bem como a relação filogenética entre elas. Todas as espécies ocorrem na região Neotropical, registradas do sul do Estado de Nevada, nos Estados Unidos, até a região central da Argentina. Historicamente, Limnocoris é um grupo pouco estudado, com trabalhos que concentram basicamente em descrições de espécies, muitas delas, publicadas em estudos isolados, sem muito detalhe. Além disso, é digno de nota mencionar que até o presente momento nenhum estudo que se objetivou classificar grupos de espécies ou mesmo a relação de gêneros dentro das subfamílias utilizando análise filogenética foi realizado até o momento. Através de revisão taxonômica, buscou-se reconhecer os táxons pertencentes ao gênero, bem como suas variações intraespecíficas. A revisão teve ênfase na localização do material-tipo e espécimes adicionais, sempre que possível. Todas as espécies estudadas foram fotografadas e examinadas com o intuito de padronizar o estudo morfológico externo do gênero. Após o estudo dos espécimes-tipo, foi possível propor 15 sinonímias novas, sinônimos juniores entre colchetes: Limnocoris dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson]; L. espinolai Nieser & Lopez-Ruf [L. porphyros Nieser & Lopez- Ruf]; L. insularis Champion [L. alcorni La Rivers]; L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus La Rivers]; L. menkei La Rivers [L. birabeni De Carlo]; L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo]; L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin]; L. pygmaeus La Rivers [L. solenoides La Rivers]; L. signoreti Montandon [L. brailovskyi La Rivers, L. laucki La Rivers e L. stangei La Rivers]; L. stali Montandon [L. carcharus La Rivers e L. robustus Roback & Nieser]. Além disso, três espécies são revalidadas: L. montandoni La Rivers, L. sattleri De Carlo e L. stali; L. surinamensis stat. nov. é elavada ao status de espécies, e outras 13 espécies novas são propostas. Lectótipos são designados para L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. dubiosus e L. signoreti. Com o objetivo de propor uma hipótese de relação de parentesco entre as espécies de Limnocoris, foi elaborada uma matriz de 82 caracteres morfológicos, tendo como método de estudo a máxima parcimônia. A análise utilizando pesagem implícita resultou em 1 árvore mais parcimoniosa; oito sinapomorfias suportam a monofilia do gênero Limnocoris, que se mostrou dividir-se em dois grandes clados separados principalmente pela pubescência da região ventral do corpo. A distribuição geográfica de grande parte das espécies é incrementada com a inclusão de novos registros e, com intuito de facilitar a identificação, mapas de distribuição e uma chave ilustrada é proposta para as espécies estudadas. The subfamily Limnocorinae (Naucoridae) contains four nominal genera in the literature, however, only Limnocoris Stål, 1860 is considered valid. The present study reviews taxonomically the species of the genus, as well as proposes a phylogenetic hypothesis of relation between them. All species occur in the Neotropical region, from southern Nevada in the United States, to central Argentina. Historically, Limnocoris is a poorly studied group, with works concentrate mainly on descriptions of species, many of them, published in isolated studies, without much detail. In addition, up to the present time no study that has aimed to classify groups of species or even the relationship of genera within the subfamilies using phylogenetic analysis has not been performed so far. Through a taxonomic revision, it was sought to recognize the taxa belonging to the genus, as well as their intraspecific variations. The revision has emphasized in the location of the type-material and additional specimens, whenever possible. All species studied were photographed and examined in order to standardize the external morphological study of the genus. After the study of the type specimens, it was possible to propose 15 new synonymies, junior synonyms between brackets: Limnocoris dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson]; L. espinolai Nieser & Lopez-Ruf [L. porphyros Nieser & Lopez-Ruf]; L. insularis Champion [L. alcorni La Rivers]; L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus La Rivers]; L. menkei La Rivers [L. birabeni De Carlo]; L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo]; L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pauper Montandon [L. nigropunctatus Montandon]; L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin]; L. pygmaeus La Rivers [L. solenoides La Rivers]; L. signoreti Montandon [L. brailovskyi La Rivers, L. laucki La Rivers e L. stangei La Rivers]; L. stali Montandon [L. carcharus La Rivers e L. robustus Roback & Nieser]. In addition, three species are revalidated: L. montandoni La Rivers, L. sattleri De Carlo and L. stali; L. surinamensis stat. nov. is elevated to species status and another 13 new species are proposed. Lectotypes are designated for L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. dubiosus e L. signoreti. With the aim of proposing a hypothesis of relationship among the species of Limnocoris, a matrix of 82 morphological characters was elaborated, having as method the maximum parsimony. The analysis under implicit weighing resulted in 1 more parsimonious tree; eight synapomorphies support the monophyly of the genus, which has been shown to divide into two clades separated mainly by the pubescence of the ventral region of the body. The geographic distribution of almost all species is increased with the inclusion of new records and, in order to facilitate identification, distribution maps and an identification key are proposed for the studied species.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Rustia, and animal structures

Rustia St��l, 1866a Rustia St��l 1866a: 8. Gudaba Distant 1906a: 138. (Burma) n. syn. TYPE SPECIES. Cicada dentivitta Walker, 1862: 304 (Siam). SPECIES INCLUDED. Rustia apicata (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Rustia dentivitta (Walker, 1862), Rustia kodagura n. sp., Rustia longicauda (Lei, 1996) n. comb., Rustia maculata (Distant, 1912) n. comb., Rustia marginata (Distant, 1897) n. comb., Rustia minuta n. sp., and Rustia tigrina (Distant, 1888). Remarks. St��l (1866a) described Rustia with the following characteristics (using current anatomical terminology): mesonotum width equal to the width of head, anterior margin of head between frons and rather prominent lobes of vertex deeply incised, lateral part of eyes hemispherical inclined upwards a small amount, postclypeus somewhat prominent; rostrum short; ocelli twice distance from eyes than from one another; hind wings with five apical areas. Distant (1905a) expanded the description of Rustia in the same work in which he established Gudaba. He described both Rustia and Gudaba possessing a head with eyes about as wide as the mesonotum and about as long as the pronotum, lateral pronotal margins nearly straight, abdomen longer than the distance between the apex of the head and base of the cruciform elevation, timbal covers shorter and narrower than timbal cavities, short male opercula not covering tympanal cavity, rostrum reaching posterior coxae, anterior femora strongly spined, fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and five apical cells, respectively (Distant 1906a). Characters listed in one of the generic descriptions (Distant, 1906a) that apply to both genera include the length of the head being about the distance between the eyes, the ocelli being closer to one another than to the eyes, lateral margins of the vertex not in line with those of the frons, the vertical angles globosely produced, eyes somewhat pedunculate, pronotum as long as mesonotum, the structure of the pronotal collar lateral angles and sinuate lateral margin of the pronotum, transverse male opercula, abdominal sternites III and IV in males with tubercles with the tubercle on sternite III being longest, and the fore wing basal cell being much longer than broad (see images in Fig. 5). The only character that is not obviously found in both genera is the lateral margins of the head being discontinuous found in the Rustia description (Distant 1906a). It is clear that the two genera share a common morphology and their status as separate genera is questionable. In addition to the shared characters from the original species descriptions, the genitalia are also highly similar. The pygofer distal shoulder is extended and wing-like curving laterad at its apex, and the uncus is broad at the base and tapering towards the apex. Distant (1906a; 1906b; 1914) used the 5 apical cells of the hind wings to distinguish Gudaba and Rustia from related genera. Distant's failure to recognize that Rustia possesses abdominal tubercles appears to be the reason for the erection of Gudaba. However, the presence of abdominal tubercles in Rustia was essential to the classification of the genus into their current subtribe (Lee and Emery 2013). Therefore, without any significant general morphological features that appear to be unique in the two genera, we recognize Gudaba Distant, 1906 n. syn. as a junior synonym of Rustia St��l, 1866a. As a result of this synonymy, the species previously assigned to Gudaba become Rustia apicata (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Rustia longicauda (Lei, 1996) n. comb., Rustia maculata (Distant, 1912) n. comb., and Rustia marginata (Distant, 1897) n. comb. Description. Body size small (8���17mm body length), female shorter than male due to the male's elongated abdomen. Head about as wide as mesonotum and as long as distance between eyes, eyes protruding beyond anterior pronotal margin with a slight dorsal incline, somewhat pedunculate, ocelli closer to one another than to eyes; vertex at area of ocelli about as long as front, with a deep depression lateral to lateral ocelli and globosely produced anterolateral margins; postclypeus rounded in transverse section, lacking central sulcus, rostrum length varying among species but extended to some point between middle trochanters and abdominal sternite I. Pronotum as long as mesonotum, trapezoidal with anterior margin narrower than lateral margins of pronotal collar, lateral angles of pronotal collar slightly expanded, lateral margins of pronotal collar confluent with adjoining pronotal sclerites, sinusoidal when viewed from dorsal side. Dorsal midline of metanotum entirely concealed. Fore wing and hind wing hyaline, with eight and five apical cells, respectively, with various patterns of infuscation on apex, radial and radiomedial crossveins, distal marginal cells and ambient vein of fore wing, radial and radiomedial crossveins generally not parallel. Basal cell longer than broad and unmarked. Basal area of fore wing clavus and hind wing costal cell without infuscation. Fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 fused in part, median vein and cubitus anterior separated when meeting the basal cell, hind wing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 unfused, and distal end of anal vein 3 straight. Fore femur with oblique primary spine, upright or less oblique secondary spine, possibly with very small apical spine, tarsi three-segmented. Male operculum small, scale-like, not covering tympanal cavity or encapsulating meracanthus, opercula well separated along midline, meracanthus tapering to a point, reaching to or past posterior margin of operculum. Abdomen longer than the distance between the apex of head and cruciform elevation in males but about the same distance in females, timbal cover small, recurved laterally forming a flattened ridge on the posterior timbal cavity, timbals extend below wing bases, abdominal segments with parallel sides to segment 8 where they narrow posteriorly to the genitalia, sternites III and IV with tubercles on posterolateral surface, the tubercle on sternite III longer. Pygofer distal shoulder well developed extending into a point or wing-like structure that is curved laterad, dorsal beak absent, pygofer upper lobe small, adpressed to lateral pygofer, pygofer basal lobes absent, uncus well developed with broad base and tapering towards apex, uncus retractable within pygofer, claspers absent, and male aedeagus simple, restrained under uncus. Female abdominal segment 9 with dorsal beak well defined and sinuate posterior margin, ovipositor sheath extends to about the level of the dorsal beak. Female sternite VII with medial notch. Measurments ( MM ). Length of body: 8.3���17.0; length of fore wing: 13.1���22.4; width of fore wing: 4.5���7.2; length of head: 0.6���1.8; width of head including eyes: 3.2���5.2; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.6���5.2; width of mesonotum: 3.0���4.7. Female body length is generally less than in males due to the longer male abdomen. Diagnosis. The diagnostic features for members of the subtribe as described by Lee and Emery (2013) will distinguish what is now the only genus of the subtribe from all other members of the tribe. All other Leptopsaltriini have six apical cells in the hind wing. Distribution. The genus in its new concept is found over much of Southeastern Asia including Borneo, Burma, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Indonesia, Korea, Nepal, Philippine Republic, Thailand, and Vietnam (Metcalf 1963; Sanborn 2013; 2015; Price et al. 2016). It has yet to be recorded from Laos (Lee 2014).
Published as part of Marathe, Kiran, Sanborn, Allen F. & Kunte, Krushnamegh, 2018, Revision of the genus Rustia St��l, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) including a generic synonymy, four new combinations, and two new species from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 431-443 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on pages 432-434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1457917
{"references":["Stal, C. (1866 a) Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana, 4, 1 - 276, pl. 1.","Distant, W. L. (1906 a) Rhynchota. Heteroptera-Homoptera. In: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Uol. 3. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by Lt. Col. C. T. Bingham, pp. i - xiv + 1 - 503.","Distant, W. L. (1906 c) Undescribed Cicadidae. Annales De La Societe Entomologique De Belgique, 50, 148 - 154.","Lei, Z. (1996) A new species and a new record of the genus Gudaba from China (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21, 210 - 213.","Distant, W. L. (1912) Descriptions of some new Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10 (58), 438 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693257","Distant, W. L. (1897) Cicadidae from the North Chin Hills, Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 20 (115), 17 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680596","Distant, W. L. (1888) Descriptions of new species of Oriental Cicadidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2 (10), 323 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460932","Distant, W. L. (1906 b) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1914) Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Subfam. Gaeaninae. Genera Insectorum, 158, 1 - 38.","Lee, Y. J. & Emery, D. (2013) New genera and species of Leptopsaltriini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) from India and Tibet, with the descriptions of five new subtribes. Zoosystema, 35, 525 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2013 n 4 a 6","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i - vii + 1 - 585.","Sanborn, A. F. (2013) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). With contributions to the bibliography by Martin H. Uillet. Elsevier / Academic Press, San Diego, 1001 pp.","Sanborn, A. F. (2015) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Nepal with new records and a checklist of Himalayan cicadas. In: Hartmann, M. & Wiepert, J. (Eds.), Biodiversitat und Naturausstattung im Himalaya - Biodiversity and Natural Heritage of the Himalaya. Uol. U. Verein der Freunde und Forderer des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt e. V., Erfurt, pp. 211 - 226.","Price, B. W., Allan, E. L., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Simon, C. & Kunte, K. (2016) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: an annotated provisionasl catalogue, regional checklist and bibliography. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4 (e 8051), 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8051","Lee, Y. J. (2014) Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Laos, with the description of four new genera and two new species. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.): International Journal of Entomology, 50, 59 - 81."]}

Myrcia ovata, Lippia sidoides, atividades biol?gica, biological activities, and Qu?mica

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-05-18T13:43:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Geovany Amorim Gomes.pdf: 11819103 bytes, checksum: 381e568ac6398f6cfa4544b2f766e74d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-18T13:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Geovany Amorim Gomes.pdf: 11819103 bytes, checksum: 381e568ac6398f6cfa4544b2f766e74d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-05 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. The present work reports the phytochemical study of essential oils, and of the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions obtained from ethanolic extract of leaves of Myrcia ovata Cambess. (Myrtaceae), as well as the study of the dichloromethane fraction from the ethanolic extract of stem and branch of this species. In addition, the chemical composition analysis of essential oils from Lippia sidoides Cham. leaves (Verbenaceae) was done. The chromatographic processing of these fractions allowed to the isolation of fifteen non-volatile constituents of M. ovata, including, nine phenolic compounds tectochrysin; 6-methyltectochrysin; 8-methyltectochrysin; 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-methoxyflavanone; 2,5-dihydroxy-8-methyl-7-methoxyflavanone; astilbin (rel-2R,3R-,5,7,3?,4?-tetrahydroxy-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosylflavanonol); quercetin 3,3?,4?,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone); engeletin (rel-2R,3R-5,7,4?-trihydroxy-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosylflavanonol) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, four triterpenes (friedelin, lupeol, ?-and ?-amyrin), one steroid (?-sitosterol) and one sesquiterpene (7-hydroxycadalenal). The reaction of 6-methyltectochrysin with iodine yielded new derivative. The structural formulas were identified by 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D), masses, IR and CD spectra data analysis, as well as comparison with literature data. The oxygenated monoterpenes geranial and thymol were prevalent in the essential oils of M. ovata and L. sidoides, respectively. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation or steam distillation method. The analysis was performed by GC/MS, GC/FID and by retention rates of the constituents by co-injection of hydrocarbon standards. The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from leaves of M. ovata, stood out among the rest in relation to antioxidant activity. The presence of quercetin, astilbin, engeletin and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester in this fraction, can justify this activity. The essential oil of M. ovata presented low antioxidant activity, moderate larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), strong acaricidal action against larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) and partial control of engorged females of this species of tick. The oil of L. sidoides showed ninficidal action against Rhodnius prolixus (Stal, 1859) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), while thymol and carvacrol exhibited biocidal effect in eggs and nymphs of this insect. Furthermore, this oil presented acaricidal activity on larvae of Dermacentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) and R. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae), nymphs of the latter two species of ticks and larvae and engorged females of R. microplus. O presente trabalho relata o estudo fitoqu?mico de ?leos essenciais e de fra??es hexano e acetato de etila obtidas do extrato etan?lico de folhas de Myrcia ovata Cambess. (Myrtaceae), e da fra??o obtida com diclorometano do fracionamento do extrato etan?lico de caule e galhos desta esp?cie. Al?m disso, realizou-se a an?lise da composi??o qu?mica de ?leos essenciais de folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae). O processamento cromatogr?fico destas fra??es forneceram 15 constituintes n?o-vol?teis de M. ovata, destes, nove s?o compostos fen?licos, tectocrisina, 6-metiltectocrisina, 8-metiltectocrisina, 2,5-diidroxi-6-metil-7-metoxiflavanona, 2,5-diidroxi-8-metil-7-metoxiflavanona, astilbina (rel-2R,3S-5,7,3',4'-tetraidroxi-3-O-?-L-ramnopiranosilflavanonol), quercetina (3,3?,4?,5,7-pentahidroxiflavona); engeletina (rel-2R,3S-5,7,4?-triidroxi-3-O-?-L-ramnopiranosilflavanonol) e 4,5-di-O-cafeoilquinato de metila; quatro triterpenos, friedelina, lupeol, ?-e ?-amirina, um esteroide, ?-sitosterol e um sesquiterpeno (7-hidroxicadalenal). A rea??o de ioda??o da flovona 6-metiltectocrisina forneceu o derivado 8-iodo-6-metiltectocrisina, subst?ncia in?dita na literatura. As f?rmulas estruturais foram identificadas atrav?s de an?lise dos dados espectrom?tricos de RMN de 1H e 13C (1D e 2D), massas, IV e DC, al?m de compara??o com dados da literatura. Os monoterpenos oxigenados geranial e timol foram predominantes nos ?leos essenciais de M. ovata e L. sidoides, respectivamente. Os ?leos foram obtidos por hidrodestila??o ou pelo m?todo de arraste a vapor. A an?lise foi realizada atrav?s de CG/EM, CG/DIC e pela obten??o de ?ndices de reten??o dos constituintes atrav?s de co-inje??o de padr?es de hidrocarbonetos. A fra??o acetato de etila do extrato etan?lico de folhas de M. ovata, destacou-se entre as demais em rela??o ? atividade antioxidante. A presen?a de quercetina, astilbina, engeletina e 4,5-di-O-cafeoilquinato de metila nesta fra??o, podem justificar esta atividade. O ?leo essencial de M. ovata apresentou baixo poder antioxidante, moderada atividade larvicida frente ? Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae), potente a??o carrapaticida frente a larvas de Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) e controle parcial de f?meas ingurgitadas desta esp?cie de carrapato. O ?leo de L. sidoides apresentou a??o ninficida contra Rhodnius prolixus (Stal, 1859) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), enquanto timol e carvacrol exibiram efeito biocida em ovos e ninfas deste inseto. Al?m disso, esse ?leo exibiu atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas de Dermacentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) e R. sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae), ninfas das duas ?ltimas esp?cies de carrapatos e larvas e f?meas ingurgitadas de R. microplus.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae, Pachylis, and Pachylis nervosus

Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852 Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852: 383. — Dohrn 1859: 30. — Stål 1870: 132. — Walker 1871: 52. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 13. — Van Duzee 1901: 346. — O’Shea 1980: 211. — Packauskas 2010: 178. — Linares & Orozco 2017: 16. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — México • 1♀; Yucatan; CAS • 3 ♀; Chiapas, S. slope of Cerro Vernal 13 mi. S. of Tonalá; alt. 610 m; 5.X.1974; D. E. Breedlove & J. A. Breedlove; CAS • 1♀, 1♂; Cuernavaca, Crawfor; CAS. Belize • 1♀; California Academy of Sciences Collection 180 Gift from Pomona College; CAS 4736. Costa Rica • 1♂; Mrs. E. L. Kerr coll.; 1.IX.1906. Panamá • 7 ♂, 5 ♀; Canal Zone, Fort Clayton, Paul W. Johnson Pres. to Calif. Acad. Sci. by David Johnson, Pres. by K. E. Frick coll.; IV.44(1944?); 25.IX.45(1945?), 23.VII/ 10.VIII.1956; CAS. Brazil • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; INPA; E. F. Ribeiro; 12.III.1982; INPA. No Data • ♀; CAS.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 522-525, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["DALLAS W. S. 1852. - List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Catalog of Hemiptera. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 638 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373","DOHRN A. 1859. - Catalogus Hemipterorum. Entomologischer Verein in Stettin, Alemanha, 130 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515","STAL C. 1870 - 1876. - Enumeratio Hemipterorum Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska middelanden [1870, part 1, 9: 1 - 232; 1873, part. 3, 11 (2): 1 - 163]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 938 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","VAN DUZEE E. P. 1901. - Notes on some Hemiptera from British Guiana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 27: 343 - 352.","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p.","LINARES C. & OROZCO J. 2017. - The Coreidae of Honduras (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 5: 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 5. e 13067","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020)."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Heniartes, and Heniartes productus

Heniartes productus St��l, 1866 (Figs. 37���38) Discussion: The male holotype of H. productus was redescribed by Wygodzinsky (1953), without later references in the literature. The extended and somewhat laterally compressed scutellum (Fig. 37), the pair of acute lateral processes on the pygophore rim, and the double medial process (Fig. 38), are diagnostic to this species. The male examined here (Figs. 37���38) fits the redescription of the species (Wygodzinsky 1953), except that the apex of the corium is orange (Fig. 37), whereas in the holotype it is black (Wygodzinsky 1947, 1953). Distribution: Heniartes productus was described by St��l (1866) from ��� Brasilia borealis���, quite likely what is nowadays Brazil. This is the first time this species is recorded from an exact locality. Specimen examined: BRAZIL, 1 male, Amap��, Mazag��o, Fazendinha, [0] 3 -XII- 1980, E. L. Oliveira [leg.] [MNRJ].
Published as part of Gil-Santana, H��lcio R. & Forero, Dimitri, 2010, Taxonomical and biological notes on Neotropical Apiomerini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae), pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 2331 on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275474
{"references":["Stal, C. (1866) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannedom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 9, 235 - 302.","Wygodzinsky, P. (1953) Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos generos \" Heniartes \" Spinola, 1837 e \" Agriocleptes \" Stal, 1866 (Apiomerinae, Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 13, 369 - 380.","Wygodzinsky, P. (1947) Contribuicao ao conhecimento do genero Heniartes Spinola, 1837 (Apiomerinae, Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 41, 11 - 64."]}

This article documents the addition of 473 microsatellite marker loci and 71 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Barteria fistulosa, Bombus morio, Galaxias platei, Hematodinium perezi, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (a.k.a. M.abdominalis Fab., M.grandii Goidanich or M.gifuensis Ashmead), Micropogonias furnieri, Nerita melanotragus, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, Sciaenops ocellatus, Scomber scombrus, Spodoptera frugiperda and Turdus lherminieri. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barteria dewevrei, Barteria nigritana, Barteria solida, Cynoscion acoupa, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion nebulosus, Cynoscion striatus, Cynoscion virescens, Macrodon ancylodon, Menticirrhus americanus, Nilaparvata muiri and Umbrina canosai. This article also documents the addition of 116 sequencing primer pairs for Dicentrarchus labrax.

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Miridae

Tribe Cylapini sensu Gorczyca (2000) Diagnosis. For details see Gorczyca (2000) and Wolski (2017). Remarks. The current phylogenetic analysis rendered the tribe Cylapini paraphyletic with respect to the vanniines. The tribe Vanniini, as currently understood, is composed of the Vannius complex sensu Cassis et al. (2003) and the genus Palaucoris Carvalho (Cassis & Schuh 2012; Namyatova et al. 2016). Distant (1883) first noticed the similarity between Vannius and Valdasus, which are currently classified in the tribes Vanniini and Cylapini, respectively. The taxa of Cylapini and Vanniini were united in one tribe, the Cylapini, by Poppius (1909), based on the long antenna and by Carvalho (1952a, 1955, 1957) based on the vertical head. Gorczyca (1997) excluded the Vannius complex from Cylapinae and moved it to the controversial subfamily Palaucorinae (with a single genus Palaucoris Carvalho) based mainly on the flattened parempodia found in both taxa and he erected two tribes: the Vanniini (for Vannius complex) and Palaucorini (for Palaucoris). Cassis et al. (2003) refuted this concept, and the Vannius complex was assigned again to Cylapinae as incertae sedis. Consequently, Gorczyca (2006a) treated these genera again within Cylapinae but placed them among Cylapini. The Vannius complex was given a tribal status within Cylapinae by Cassis & Schuh (2012). The present analysis, showing vanniines nested well within Cylapini, provides a strong argument for treatment of vanniines within Cylapini, corroborating the classification of Gorczyca (2006a). On the other hand, given the uncertainties concerning the results of the current analysis (see discussion above) I believe it is premature to relegate the vanniines to Cylapini, and I suggest retaining the concept of Cylapini in its current composition pending studies with larger sampling and emphasis on the molecular data. Notes on the morphological characters in Cylapini. The Cylapini in its present concept includes the genera listed in the Tab. 2. Herein, I present the discussion of the main characters found in Cylapini taking into account their diversity within the group and comparison with other tribes. Body shape. In Cylapini body is usually elongate to elongate-oval. In some species of Carvalhoma (C. ovatum Namyatova & Cassis, C. parvum Namyatova & Cassis or C. taplini Namyatova & Cassis) and in Schizopteromiris the body is ovate (Schuh 1986; Namyatova & Cassis 2016). ...continued on the next page ...continued on the next page Head. The head in Cylapini is always hypognathous, varying from weakly wider than high or as high as wide with frons sloping, not perpendicular to vertex (Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola Carvalho, Cylapinus Carvalho, Cylapoides Carvalho, Dariella Namyatova et Cassis, Labriella Namyatova et Cassis, Mangalcoris Murphy et Polhemus, Schizopteromiris Schuh) (Figs 8a, b; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 2A, C, 3C, 4A, C, 2021: figs 3A, C, 5A, C) to much higher than wide in anterior view with frons strongly flattened, perpendicular to vertex (Cylapomorpha, Cylapus complex) (Figs 8c���i, 9a, g; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 2, 3; Wolski 2017: figs 9, 92; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 28). In all Cylapini, Vanniini and Bothriomirini the antennal fossa is placed more or less above the suture between the maxillary and mandibular plates (Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 2C, 4C, 2021: figs 3A, 5A), and the mandibular plate is separated from the remainder of the head by a suture (Figs 9a���d; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2C). In contrast, in all fulviines and rhinomirines the antennal insertion is continuous with the suture between maxillary and mandibular plates (Namyatova & Cassis 2019: figs 6G, 10E, 22C) and the mandibular plate is not separated from the remainder of head by any suture (Figs 9e, f; Wolski & Henry 2012: fig. 74; Wolski et al. 2018: fig. 11). Within Cylapini the antennal fossa is either situated close to the suture between maxillary and mandibular plates (all Cylapini except Cylapus complex) (8a, b, i, 9b; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 2C, 4C, 2021: figs 3A, 5A) or distinctly removed from it (Figs 8c���h, 9a, g), and the suture behind the mandibular plate can be faint (Fig. 9b; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: 2 C) or strongly depressed (Figs 9a, g). All members of Cylapini, Vanniini, and many bothriomirines have the ventral margin of the eyes removed from the ventral margin of head (Figs 9a���d; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2C, 2021: 3A; Namyatova et al. 2019: figs 5C, 10D, 11B) and the base of clypeus is positioned below the ventral margin of the eyes (Figs 9g ���i; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 3A, 2021: figs 3C, 5C; Namyatova et al. 2019: figs 5A, 10A, 11A). In most Fulviini and Rhinomirini the ventral margins of eyes are reaching or almost reaching the ventral margin of the head (Figs 9e, f, Wolski & Henry 2012: fig. 73; Wolski 2013: fig. 73) and the base of clypeus is situated above the ventral margin of the eyes (Figs 8l, m; Wolski 2013: figs 33���36; Namyatova et al. 2016: fig. 3H; Namyatova & Cassis 2019: figs 10A, 13C, 16C). Within Cylapini the eyes are situated either relatively close to the ventral margin of head (Figs 9b; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: figs 3A, 5A) or are strongly removed in the dorsal direction (Fig. 9a,c; Wolski 2017: figs 9, 95). The base of clypeus is situated close to the ventral margin of the eyes (Fig. 9h, 8a, b, i; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 2; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: 3 C, 5C) or is strongly removed from the eyes��� ventral margin (Figs 8c���h, 9g). The vertex in Cylapini is either carinate posteriorly (Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola, Cylapoides, Dariella, Labriella) (Figs 9h, 11e; Namyatova & Cassis 2016, 2021: figs 3b, 5b) or devoid of carina (Cylapinus, Cylapomorpha, Mangalcoris, Cylapus complex) (Figs 11a, g; Wolski 2017: fig. 33). The vertex in most Cylapini possesses a more or less developed depression along the midline. The depression is either faint (Figs 9h, 11a; Namyatova & Cassis 2016; Wolski 2017: 33) or strongly developed so the head is V-shaped in anterior view (Cylapus complex) (Figs 8c���h, 9g). The eyes are either embedded into the head, with the dorsal margin situated at the same plane as vertex (Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola, Cylapoides, Dariella, Labriella, Mangalcoris, Schizopteromiris) (Figs 8b, 9h; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2B, 2021: 3B, 5B) or the eyes are pedunculate (Cylapomorpha, Cylapinus, Cylapus complex) (Figs 8a, c���i, 9g). The latter condition is unique within Cylapinae. Antennae. The shape of antennae is variable among the genera of Cylapini. In Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola, Cylapinus, Cylapoides, Dariella, Labriella and Schizopteromiris the antenna is relatively short, shorter than body length and the segments III and IV are not thread-like (Figs 3a, b, d; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 1, 2021: fig. 1). In Mangalcoris, Cylapomorpha and Cylapus complex the antennae are longer than the body length and segments III and IV are thread-like (e.g., Figs 4b, c; Wolski 2017: 40, 46, 48, 51; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 1; Gorczyca 2006a: fig. 5; Murphy & Polhemus 2012: figs 1A, B, D). The latter type of antenna is also found in Vanniini (e.g., Gorczyca 2006a: fig. 7). Labium. In all Cylapini, Vanniini, and Bothriomirini the labium is stout and rather short, the apex usually reaching the hind coxae or barely beyond it, and the segments I and II are not subdivided (Figs 9j, k; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 5D, 6E, 2021: 3D, 5D; Namyatova et al. 2016: figs 9F, G, 2019: 5E, 9J). In contrast, in Fulviini and Rhinomirini the labium is thin and long, sharply pointed, the apex reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, and segments I and II are subdivided (Fig. 9l; Namyatova et al. 2016: figs 9J, 10A; Namyatova & Cassis 2019: figs 10 R, 13J, 22D). Pronotum. In Cylapini the pronotum is either impunctate (Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola, Cylapoides, Cylapomorpha, Labriella, Mangalcoris, Schizopteromiris) (Figs 9b, 11e) or punctate (Cylapinus, Dariella, Cylapus complex) (Figs 9a, 10a, 11a, g). The lateral margin is always ecarinate (Figs 9a, b, 10a, 11b). The collar in Cylapini is always present, and in lateral view is situated anteriorly to the propleural suture (Fig. 9a). Thoracic pleura. The mesepimeral spiracle in Cylapini is slit-like (Figs 10b���e, 11c, f), in members of the Cylapus complex it is covered with evaporative bodies (Figs 10b���e). In most Cylapini taxa except for the Cylapus complex, the metepisternum is narrow and rectangular (Figs 11c, f; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2K, 2021: figs 3F, 5H). In the Cylapus complex the metepisternum is broad and almost square (Figs 10b���e). In most Cylapini genera the metepisternum is carinate posteriorly (Figs 10b���e, 11c, f, i). The metepisternal evaporative areas are either relatively narrow, straight posteriorly and not extended onto anterior margin of metepisternum (Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola, Cylapinus, Cylapoides, Dariella, Labriella, Cylapomorpha) (Figs 11c; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2K, 2021: figs 3F, 5H; Wolski 2017: fig. 35) or are broad, rounded, extended posteriorly, and extended well onto anterior margin of metepisternum (Cylapus complex) (Figs 10b���e). In many genera of the Cylapini the metepimeron is well exposed, not obscured by second abdominal segment (Figs 10b���e, 11c, f). The ostiolar peritreme is usually oval (Figs 10d���e, 11c, f), rarely the peritreme is narrow and ear-like (Amapacylapus) (Fig. 10b) or strongly protruding, thin and arcuate and sharply pointed (Cylapus) (Fig. 10c). Hemelytron. The hemelytron in Cylapini is either impunctate (Corcovadocola, Cylapoides, Labriella, Cylapomorpha) (Fig. 11e; Wolski 2017: fig. 33; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: fig. 1) or covered with deep and dense punctation (Carvalhoma, Cylapinus, Dariella, Cylapus complex) (Figs 11a, g, m; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 1, 2021: fig. 1). Most Cylapini genera are macropterous, and in such genera as Carvalhoma, Corcovadocola and Mangalcoris the hemelytron is further modified (see Wolski & Gorczyca 2014 and Namyatova & Cassis 2019 for detailed discussion on the wing modification in Cylapinae). Legs. In most Cylapini the legs are not modified; only in Phyllocylapus lutheri Poppius, 1913 the fore tibiae are strongly broadened and leaf-like (Gorczyca 2000: fig. 15). Most Cylapini possess moderately elongated legs. In the Cylapus complex the legs, especially hind legs, are strongly elongated (Figs 4c, 6a; Wolski 2017: figs 37, 41, 55). In all Cylapini the tarsus is three-segmented. Tarsal segment I is usually shorter than II and III combined (Figs 10j, 11d, j; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: fig. 3J, 5G), rarely I segment is as long as or longer than segments II and III combined (Carvalhoma, Cylapus) (Fig.10i; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: fig. 2I). Male genitalia. The pygophore in Cylapini has no supragenital bridge sensu Konstantinov 2003, instead the ventral wall is much longer than the dorsal wall, and the genital opening is directed upward (Yasunaga 2000: fig. 5; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 7C, 8C, 2021: figs 4C, 6C; Wolski 2017: figs 17, 134). The parameres in Cylapini are similar in size, the left paramere is usually C-shaped, and the right paramere is usually sickle-shaped and frequently with more or less shortened apical process (Figs 12b, c, h, i, m, n; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 5; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 7D, E, 8D, E, 2021: figs 4D���G, 6C���G). The aedeagus is moderately voluminous, not subdivided into the vesica and conjunctiva. The phallotheca is moderately sclerotized. Ductus seminis relatively short and thick (Figs 12a, g, j, 13m; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: figs 7A, B, 8A, B, 2021: figs 4A, B, 6A,B; Wolski 2017: figs 12, 66; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 40, 48). The endosoma in Cylapini is either furnished with sclerites (Fig. 14r; Wolski 2017: figs 12, 66; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 48; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: fig. 6) or devoid of spiculi (Figs 12j, p, 13a, g, m; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 40). Sometimes the endosoma is composed of strongly inflated sclerotized lobes (Fig. 12g; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 6). Female genitalia. The ovipositor in the Cylapini is reminiscent of that found in Vanniini and Bothriomirini. Its first gonapophyses have the ventral margin more or less arcuate, dorsal margin sinuate, strongly convex subapically (Figs 21e���i; Yasunaga & Miyamoto 2006: fig. 4B; Wolski et al. 2020: figs 55, 59, 67, 69). The second gonapophyses are ventrally arcuate, with the dorsal margin weakly sinuate and strongly serrate (Figs 21m ���q, 22i, j; Wolski et al. 2020: figs 56, 60, 68, 70). In contrast, in most known Fulviini the gonapophyses are rounded, without tooth-like structures or with weakly developed denticles (Figs 22k, l; Sadowska-Woda et al. 2006: figs 2, 3, 4, 12, 13; Kim et al. 2019: figs 2D, 4D; Gorczyca et al. 2020: figs 5c, d). The first gonapophyses are often connected by well-developed, membranous structure (e.g., Sadowska-Woda et al. 2006: figs 2, 3, 12, 13; Gorczyca et al. 2020: figs 5c, d) and together with the second gonapophyses they form a dilatable ovipositing tube (Schmitz & ��tys 1973). The latter authors suggested that such a shape of the ovipositor allow fulviines to deposit eggs into the cavities tree bark where they live, indicating that they are predators. This hypothesis may be supported by the fact that most fulviines (unlike Cylapini, Vanniini, and Bothriomirini) have long, sharply pointed labium with subdivisions on segments I and II (which may make it highly flexible (van Doesburg 1985)), allowing these bugs for effective hunting. Moreover, direct evidence for predation exists only for fulviines and not for the representatives of the other tribes (see Introduction). The vestibulum in Cylapini is either membranous and without any structures encircling vulva (Figs 20b, c), or it possesses a well-developed, elongated sclerite adjacent to the base of the first gonapophyses (Figs 20a, d���h). The bursa copulatrix in Cylapini is voluminous, laterally extending beyond first gonapophyses (Figs 15a, b, f, h; 16a, d, g, 17j, 18b, 19a; Namyatova & Cassis 2016: 7 F, 9F; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 66), and with the anterior margin strongly removed from the first gonapophyses in many cases (Cylapus complex) (Figs 15a, b, f, h; 16a, d, g, 17j, 18b, 19a; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 66). The posterior wall of the genital chamber is simple and membranous (Figs 19f, g; Namyatova & Cassis 2019: figs 7G, 9G, 2021: fig. 7c; Wolski et al. 2020: fig. 54). The shape and position of the sclerotized rings are variable within the Cylapini. They can be paired (Figs 15f, g, h, 16g, 18c, 19a, d) or unpaired (Figs 15a, b, 16a, d, 17a, d, h, k). In some genera they can be minute, occupying a small portion of the dorsal wall (roof) of the genital chamber (Cylapoides, Labriella) (Fig. 15g; Namyatova & Cassis 2021: fig. 7A) while in other taxa the rings embrace anterior and lateral portions of the genital chamber (Cylapus, some species of Valdasus) (Figs 16a, d, g, 17a, d, h, k; Wolski et al. 2020: Figs 57, 63, 65) or occupies most of it (Amapacylapus, Peltidocylapus, some Valdasus) (Figs 15a, b, 18c, 19b, e). The lateral oviducts are situated centrally on the roof of the genital chamber roof. They are usually contiguous and, rarely they are separated (Cylapinus minusculus) (Fig. 15f). The lateral oviducts are either wide (Cylapus complex) (Figs 15a, 16d, g, 18a, b, 19b, e) or thin (Cylapinus minusculus, Cylapomorpha, Cylapoides unicolor) (Figs 15f, g, h; Yasunaga 2000: Fig. 7). They can be short (as in Amapacylapus, Peltidocylapus, and some species of Valdasus) (Figs 15a, b, 18c, 19b, e) or long, reaching beyond lateral or posterior portion of the genital chamber (Cylapus, some species of Valdasus, Cylapomorpha, Cylapinus, Cylapoides) (Figs 15f, g, 16d, g, 17d, k; Yasunaga 2000: fig. 7). The spermathecal gland opens centrally in the genital chamber, between the lateral oviducts (Figs 15a, b, f, h, 18a, 19b, e; Wolski et al. 2020: 52, 57), or it rarely it opens in the posterior area of the bursa copulatrix (some species of Cylapus) (Figs 16d, 17d). The dorsal sac sensu Kullenberg (1947) is absent in most studied Cylapini. The representative of Cylapomorpha investigated herein possesses the medio-longitudinal, U-shaped, membranous, structure (Fig. 15h), similar to that observed in Orthotylini (e.g., Pluot-Sigwalt & Matocq 2017: figs 5, 6). In all investigated species of Cylapus and some Valdasus (V. henryi Wolski, Ch��rot et Carpintero, V. schoenherri St��l) the posterior portion of bursa copulatrix is furnished with a more or less developed, transverse sclerotization connecting the posterior portion(s) of the sclerotized ring(s) (Figs 16b, e, h, 17f, h, k, l; Wolski et al. 2020: figs 63, 64, 65). In anterior view this structure clearly forms a pouch or pocket, and it is reminiscent of the pouch-like structures found in Hallodapini (Pluot-Sigwalt & Matocq 2017: fig. 12). It is noteworthy that species investigated here also possess the endosoma furnished with at least three sclerites (Wolski 2017: figs 66, 71, 80, 97, 102, 135, 14). At the same time, all studied Cylapus complex species without dorsal sac have the endosoma without sclerites (Peltidocylapus) (Figs 12j, 13a, m, 14a, f, e, l) or with a single, weakly developed sclerotized appendage (Amapacylapus) (Wolski 2017: figs 12, 18). This observation may support the hypothesis of Pluot-Sigwalt & Matocq (2017) who suggested the role of the dorsal sac during copulation when some portions of aedeagus and parameres penetrate the gynatrium and probably enter and anchor into the cavity of the dorsal sack sac.
Published as part of Wolski, Andrzej, 2021, Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 5074 (1) on pages 18-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5074.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5760387
{"references":["Gorczyca, J. (2000) A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego, Katowice, 174 pp.","Wolski, A. (2017) Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 57 (2), 399 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / aemnp- 2017 - 0084","Cassis, G., Schwartz, M. D. & Moulds, T. (2003) Systematics and new taxa of the Vannius complex (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Australian Region. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 49, 123 - 151.","Cassis, G. & Schuh, R. T. (2012) Systematics, biodiversity, biogeography, and host associations of Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). Annual Review of Entomology, 57, 377 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-ento- 121510 - 133533","Distant, W. L. (1883) Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Biologia Centrali Americana, 1, 225 - 264.","Poppius, B. (1909) Zur Kenntnis der Miriden-Unterfamilie Cylapina Reut. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 37 (4), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9441","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1952 a) Neotropical Miridae, 56: Description of three new genera and five new species from Brazil and British Honduras (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 12, 265 - 273.","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1955) Keys to the genera of Miridae of the world (Hemiptera). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 11, 1 - 151.","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1957) Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Part I. Subfamilies Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae and Bryocorinae. Arquivos do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro, 44, 1 - 158.","Gorczyca, J. (1997) Revision on Vannius - complex and its subfamily placement (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Genus, 3, 517 - 533.","Gorczyca, J. (2006 a) The catalogue of the subfamily Cylapinae Kirkaldy, 1903 of the World (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae). Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum. Vol. 5. Department of Natural History, Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, 100 pp.","Schuh, R. T. (1986) Schizopteromiris, a new genus and four new species of coleopteroid cylapine Miridae from the Australian Region (Heteroptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 22, 241 - 246.","Namyatova, A. A. & Cassis, G. (2016) Revision of the staphylinoid and ground-dwelling genus Carvalhoma Slater and Gross (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) of Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 253, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.253","Carvalho, J. C. M. & Fontes, A. V. (1968) Mirideos neotropicais, CI: Revisao do complexo Cylapus Say, com descricoes de gene- ros e especies novos (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 28, 273 - 282.","Bergroth, E. (1922) New Neotropical Miridae (Hem.). Arkiv for Zoologi, 14 (21), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7726","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1986) Mirideos neotropicais, CCLVI: Dois generos e seis especies novos da tribo Cylapini (Hemiptera). Acta Amazonica, 16 / 17, 589 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921987171598","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1989) Mirideos neotropicais, CCCVI: novos generos e especies da tribo Cylapini Kirkaldy (Hemiptera). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Zoologia, 5, 79 - 94.","Distant, W. L. (1893) Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Biologia Centrali Americana, Supplement, i - xx + 329 - 462.","Namyatova, A. A. & Cassis, G. (2021) Five new genera of the subfamily Cylapinae (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae) from Australia. ZooKeys, 1012, 95 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1012.57172","Murphy, D. H. & Polhemus, D. A. (2012) A new genus of micropterous Miridae from Singapore mangroves (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 60, 109 - 115.","Yasunaga, T. (2000) The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 143, 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 99900044","Wolski, A., Cherot, F. & Carpintero, L. C. (2020) Review of the genus Valdasus Stal, 1860 (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, Ecuador and French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4849 (2), 187 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4869.2.2","Namyatova, A. A. & Cassis, G. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187 (4), 1196 - 1252. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlz 058","Wolski, A. & Henry, T. J. (2012) Revision of the New World Species of Peritropis Uhler (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 43, 213 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 04303002","Wolski, A., Gorczyca, J. & Yasunaga, T. (2018) Taxonomic review of the bifenestratus species group of the genus Fulvius Stal with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). ZooKeys, 796, 107 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 796.21293","Konstantinov, F. V. (2012) A new species of Palaucoris from Sulawesi. Entomologica Americana, 118, 121 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 12 - RA- 013.1","Wolski, A. (2013) Revision of the plant bug genus Cylapocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae), with descriptions of seven new species from Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Zootaxa, 3721 (6), 501 - 528. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.6.1","Wolski, A. & Gorczyca, J. (2014) Revision of the plant bug genus Xenocylapidius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with descriptions of five new species from Australia and New Caledonia. ZooKeys, 459, 73 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 459.8015","Konstantinov, F. V. (2003) Male genitalia in Miridae (Heteroptera) and their significance for suprageneric classification of the family. Part I: general review, Isometopinae and Psallopinae. Belgian Journal of Entomology, 5, 3 - 36.","Yasunaga, T., Miyamoto, S. (2006) Second report on the Japanese cylapinae plant bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with description of five new species. In: Rabitch W (Ed.), Hug the Bug - For Love of True Bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 721 - 735.","Sadowska-Woda, I., Cherot, F. & Gorczyca, J. (2006) Contribution to the study of the female genitalia of twelve Fulvius species (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). In: Rabitsch W. (Ed.), Hug the bug - For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, pp. 617 - 636.","Kim, J., Lim, J. & Jung, S. (2019) A taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Asia - Pacific Biodiversity, 12 (2019), 249 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2019.01.006","Gorczyca, J., Wolski, A. & Taszakowski, A. (2020) The first record of the genus Fulvius Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from continental China with description of a new species. Bonn zoological Bulletin, 69 (1), 123 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.20363 / bzb- 2020.69.1.123","Schmitz, G. & Stys, P. (1973) Howefulvius elytratus gen. n. sp. n. (Heteroptera, Miridae, Fulviinae) from Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaka, 70, 400 - 407.","Kullenberg, B. (1947) Uber Morphologie und Funktion des Kopulationsapparats der Capsiden und Nabiden. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 24, 217 - 248.","Pluot-Sigwalt, D. & Matocq, A. (2017) An investigation of the roof of the genital chamber in female plant-bugs with special emphasis on the \" dorsal sac \" (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1285723"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Cosmopepla

Cosmopepla lintneriana Kirkaldy, 1909 New state records: California: Plumas Co.: Plumas Natl. Forest, Butterfly Valley, 20-VIII-1989, C. B. Barr (1♂ DAR). Kentucky: Fayette Co.: [no specific locality], 13-VII-1959, J. M. Campbell (1♀ DAR). Oregon: Benton Co.: Sulphur Springs, 6 mi. N Corvallis, 8-X-1962, R. Bland (1♂ 1♀ UMMZ). Lane Co.: 2 mi. E Jasper, 2-VI-1972, Westcott & Penrose (1♂ DAR). West Virginia: Wood Co.: 25-27-VII-1971, L. H. Rolston (3♂♂ 2♀♀ DAR). Distribution: Canada: AB, BC, MB (Maw et al. 2000), NB (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), NF (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), NS, NT (Maw et al. 2000), ON, PE (Brown 1941, Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), QC, SK (Maw et al. 2000). United States: AR, AZ (Snow 1904, 1906), CA, CO, CT, DC, GA, IA (Osborn 1892, Stoner 1917, 1920, Hendrickson 1930), IL, KS, KY, LA (Rosewall 1938), MA, ME, MI, MO, MS, MT, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD (Parshley 1922, Harris 1937, Morihara & Balsbaugh 1976), TN (Meyer 1937, Howden & Crossley 1961, Powell et al. 1996), TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI (Stål 1872), WV. (Mexico) Comments: Froeschner (1988) listed this species under the preoccupied name, Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas, 1865). He correctly explained that it was not preoccupied by Pentatoma bimaculata Westwood, 1837, but apparently he was unaware of the description of Pentatoma bimaculata by Montrouzier (1855), predating Thomas’ Pentatoma bimaculata by ten years. See Rider & Rolston (1995) for clarification. So, many of the records for this species are under its synonyms, Cosmopepla bimaculata or Cosmopepla carnifex (Fabricius, 1798).
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with Biological and Anatomoical References, Lists of Foodplants and Parasites, etc. Prefaced by a Discussion on Nomenclature, and an Analytical Table of Families. Vol. I. Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Brown, A. W. A. (1941) Foliage insects of spruce in Canada. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Publication 712. Technical Bulletin, 31, 1 - 30, 2 pls., keys.","Snow, F. H. (1904) Lists of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera collected in Arizona by the entomological expeditions of the University of Kansas in 1902 and 1903. The Kansas University Science Bulletin, 2 (12), 323 - 350.","Snow, F. H. (1906) Some results of the University of Kansas entomological expeditions to Arizona in 1904 and 1905. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 20 (1), 155 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3624697","Osborn, H. (1892) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1 (2), 120 - 131.","Stoner, D. (1917) The Pentatomoidea of the Lake Okoboji Region. Bulletins from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 7 (3), 39 - 47, pls. 9 - 10.","Stoner, D. (1920) The Scutelleroidea of Iowa. University of Iowa Studies, Studies in Naturtal History, 8 (4), 1 - 140, pls. 1 - 7.","Hendrickson, G. O. (1930) Studies on the insect fauna of Iowa praries. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 4 (2), 49 - 179.","Rosewall, O. W. (1938) Notes on the Pentatomidae of Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 4, 237 - 240.","Parshley, H. M. (1922) Report on a collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera from South Dakota. South Dakota State College, Technical Bulletin, 2, 1 - 22.","Harris, H. M. (1937) Contributions to the South Dakota list of Hemiptera. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 11 (2), 169 - 176.","Morihara, D. K. & Balsbaugh, E. U., Jr. (1976) Phytopagous insects collected on musk thistle, Carduus nutans, in southeastern South Dakota. Environmental Entomology, 5 (4), 692 - 696. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 5.4.692","Meyer, A. M. (1937) An ecological study of Cedar Glade invertebrates near Nashville, Tennessee. Ecological Monographs, 7 (3), 403 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1943056","Howden, H. F. & Crossley, D. A. Jr. (1961) Insect Species on Vegetation of the White Oak Lake Bed, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. No. ORNL- 3094. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 38 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2172 / 4041200","Powell, S. D., Grant, J. F. & Lambdin, P. L. (1996) Incidence of above-ground arthropod species on musk thistle in Tennessee. Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 13 (1), 17 - 28.","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Froeschner, R. C. (1988) Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. The stink bugs. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, pp. 544 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 30","Thomas, C. (1865) Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society, 5, 401 - 468.","Westwood, J. O. (1837) In: Hope, F. W., A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A. with Short Latin Diagnoses of the New Species. Pt. 1. Printed by J. C. Bridgewater, London, pp. 1 - 46.","Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'Ile de Woodlark ou Moiou (bei Neuguinea). Annales de la Societe d'Agriculture de Lyon, Series 2, 7 (1), 1 - 114.","Rider, D. A. & Rolston, L. H. (1995) Nomenclatural changes in the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (4), 845 - 855.","Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Entomologia Systematica Emendata et Aucta, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus. Supplementum. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, ii + 572 pp."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Brochymena

Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Canada: AB, BC, NB (Larivière 1992, Roch 2020), MB (Maw et al. 2000), NS (Larivière 1992, Roch 2020), ON, QC, SK (Larivière 1992). United States: AK (Scudder & Sikes 2014), AL (Larivière 1992), AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE (Larivière 1992), FL, GA (Herrich-Schäfer 1839, Scott & Fiske 1902, Larivière 1992), IA, ID (Harris & Shull 1944, Furniss 1972, Larivière 1992), IL, IN, KS, KY (Larivière 1992), LA, MA, MD, ME (Larivière 1992, Roch 2020), MI, MN (Lugger 1900, Larivière 1992, Rider 2012, Koch et al. 2014), MO, MS, MT (Larivière 1992), NC, ND (Larivière 1992, Rider 2012), NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV (Larivière 1992), NY, OH, OK, OR (Torre-Bueno 1934, Larivière 1992, Hedstrom et al. 2017), PA, SC, SD (Parshley 1922, Harris 1937, Larivière 1992), TN (Howden & Crossley 1961, Larivière 1992), TX (Uhler 1876, Snow 1906, Tucker 1917, Torre-Bueno 1931, Larivière 1992), UT, VA, VT (Larivière 1992, Roch 2020), WA (Wallis & Turner 1972, Larivière 1992, Zack et al. 2012), WI (Stål 1872, Larivière 1992), WV (Brown et al. 1988, Larivière 1992). (Hawaii) Comments: Lugger (1900) recorded Brochymena annulata from Minnesota; this is clearly a misdetermination and should be referred to this species.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae Sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species; Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus et Observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxxii + 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510","Lariviere, M. - C. (1992) Description of Parabrochymena, new genus, and redefinition and review of Brochymena Amyot and Audinet-Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), with considerations on natural history, chorological affinities, and evolutionary relationships. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 163, 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 124163 fv","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Scudder, G. G. E. & Sikes, D. S. (2014) Alaskan Heteroptera (Hemiptera): New records, associated data, and deletions. Zootaxa, 3852 (3), 373 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.3.6","Scott, W. M. & Fiske, W. F. (1902) Jarring for the circulio on an extensive scale in Georgia, with a list of the insects caught. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, New Series, 31, 24 - 36.","Harris, H. M. & Shull, W. E. (1944) A preliminary list of Hemiptera of Idaho. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 18 (2), 199 - 208.","Furniss, M. M. (1972) A preliminary list of insects and mites that infest some important browse plants of western big game. USDA Forest Service Research Note INT- 155. Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah, 16 pp.","Lugger, O. (1900) Bugs (Hemiptera) injurious to our cultivated plants. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 69, 1 - 259, 16 pls.","Rider, D. A. (2012) The Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of North Dakota I: Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3 - 4), 312 - 380.","Koch, R. L., Rider, D. A., Tinerella, P. P. & Rich, W. A. (2014) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Minnesota: An annotated checklist and new state records. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 47 (3 - 4), 171 - 185.","Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la (1934) On some Heteroptera from the west and southwest. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 29 (4), 155 - 157.","Hedstrom, C., Lowenstein, D., Andrews, H., Bai, B. & Wiman, N. (2017) Pentatomid host suitability and the discovery of introduced populations of Trissolcus japonicus in Oregon. Journal of Pest Science, 90 (4), 1169 - 1179. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 017 - 0892 - 6","Parshley, H. M. (1922) Report on a collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera from South Dakota. South Dakota State College, Technical Bulletin, 2, 1 - 22.","Harris, H. M. (1937) Contributions to the South Dakota list of Hemiptera. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 11 (2), 169 - 176.","Howden, H. F. & Crossley, D. A. Jr. (1961) Insect Species on Vegetation of the White Oak Lake Bed, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. No. ORNL- 3094. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 38 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2172 / 4041200","Uhler, P. R. (1876) List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1, 267 - 361.","Snow, F. H. (1906) Some results of the University of Kansas entomological expeditions to Arizona in 1904 and 1905. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 20 (1), 155 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3624697","Tucker, E. S. (1917) Determination and records of insects collected at Plano, Tex. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences, 28, 291 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3624372","Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la (1931) Heteroptera collected by G. P. Engelhardt in the south and west - II. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 26, 135 - 139.","Wallis, R. L. & Turner, J. E. (1972) Insects overwintering in the warm microenvironment of drainage ditches in central Washington. Environmental Entomology, 1 (1), 107 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 1.1.107","Zack, R. S., Landolt, P. J. & Munyaneza, J. E. (2012) The stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Washington State. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3), 251 - 262.","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Brown, M. W., Adler, C. R. L. & Weires, R. W. (1988) Insects associated with apple in the mid-Atlantic states. New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin, 124, 1 - 31."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Euschistus

Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817) New state records: Alabama: Lee Co.: [no specific locality], 16-VI-1981, D. A. Rider (1♂ DAR). Tennessee: Fentress Co.: Allardt, 17-VIII-1922, 1650 feet, T. H. Hubbell, det. R. F. Hussey 1924 (1♂ UMMZ), 18-VIII-1922, T. H. Hubbell (1♂ UMMZ), 16-VIII-1924, c. 1600 ft., T. H. Hubbell, det. R. I. Sailer 1950 (1♂ UMMZ). West Virginia: Wood Co.: 25-27-VII-1971, L. H. Rolston (1♀ DAR). Distribution: Canada: AB (Maw et al. 2000), BC, NS (Dallas 1851; Walker 1867, 1872), ON, QC. United States: AL, AR, CO, CT, DC, FL, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY (Garman 1897; Yeargan 1979; Townsend & Sedlacek 1986; Sedlacek & Townsend 1988; Apriyanto, Sedlacek & Townsend 1989; Apriyanto, Townsend & Sedlacek 1989), MA, MD (Aldrich et al. 1991, Brown & Bahr 2008), ME (Parshley 1914, Procter 1946, Roch 2020), MI, MN (Koch et al. 2014, Koch & Rich 2015), MO, NC, ND (Rider 2012), NE, NH, NJ, NM (Osborn 1893), NY, OH, OK (Carpenter 1937, Stoner et al. 1962, Arnold & Drew 1988, Kondratieff et al. 2005), OR, PA, SD (Parshley 1922, Harris 1937), TN, TX (Stål 1872, Uhler 1876, Suh et al. 2013), UT, VA, WV, WA (Zack et al. 2012), WI (Fluke 1929; Williams 2004, 2015). Comments: Provancher (1886) listed this species from California and Texas, but Van Duzee (1912) indicated that these were based upon misidentifications of Euschistus fissilis (= servus). This species is commonly called the onespotted stink bug.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Palisot de Beauvois, A. - M. - F. - J. (1817) Insectes Recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique, dans les Royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, a Saint-Domingue et dans les Etats-Unis, pendant les Annees 1786 - 1797. Parts 9 - 10. Imprimerie de Fain et Compagnie, Paris, 36 pp. [pp. 137 - 172]","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, Inc., London, 368 pp., 11 pls.","Walker, F. (1867) s. n. In: Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Scutata. E. Newman, London, pp. 241 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 118688","Walker, F. (1872) Hemiptera, Heteroptera and Dermaptera (Orthoptera) of America to the north of the United States. The Canadian Entomologist, 4 (1), 29 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 429 - 2","Garman, H. (1897) Notes on several tobacco insects and on two imperfectly known diseases of tobacco. Bulletin of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, 66, 33 - 39.","Yeargan, K. V. (1979) Parasitism and predation of stink bug eggs in soybean and alfalfa fields. Environmental Entomology, 8 (4), 715 - 719. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 8.4.715","Townsend, L. H. & Sedlacek, J. D. (1986) Damage to corn caused by Euschistus servus, E. variolarius, and Acrosternum hilare (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Economic Entomology, 79, 1254 - 1258. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 79.5.1254","Sedlacek, J. D. & Townsend, L. H. (1988) Impact of Euschistus servus and E. variolarius (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) feeding on early growth stages of corn. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81 (3), 840 - 844. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 81.3.840","Aldrich, J. R., Hoffman, M. P., Kochansky, J. P., Lusby, W. R., Eger, J. E. & Payne, J. A. (1991) Identification and attractiveness of a major pheromone component for nearctic Euschistus spp. stink bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Environmental Entomology, 20 (2), 477 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 20.2.477","Brown, J. W. & Bahr, S. M. II. (2008) Appendix. List of the invertebrates of Plummers Island, Maryland. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 15 (1), 192 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0097 - 0298 (2008) 15 [192: ALOTIO] 2.0. CO; 2","Parshley, H. M. (1914) List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Maine. Psyche, 21 (5), 139 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1914 / 95384","Procter, W. (1946) Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region Incorporated. VII. The Insect Fauna with References to Methods of Capture, Food Plants, the Flora and Other Biological Features. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, 566 pp.","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Koch, R. L., Rider, D. A., Tinerella, P. P. & Rich, W. A. (2014) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Minnesota: An annotated checklist and new state records. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 47 (3 - 4), 171 - 185.","Koch, R. L. & Rich, W. A. (2015) Stink bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) feeding and phenology on early-maturing soybean in Minnesota. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (5), 2335 - 2343. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / tov 218","Rider, D. A. (2012) The Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of North Dakota I: Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3 - 4), 312 - 380.","Osborn, H. (1893) Notes on the distribution of Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1 (4), 120 - 123.","Carpenter, J. R. (1937) Fluctuations in biotic communities, III. Aspection in a ravine sere in central Oklahoma. Ecology, 18 (1), 80 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1932704","Stoner, A., Bryan, D. E. & Drew, W. A. (1962) A partial inventory of insect populations in tallgrass prarie pastures in north central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 42, 143 - 157.","Arnold, D. C. & Drew, W. A. (1988) The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Oklahoma. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Technical Bulletin T - 166. Norman, Oklahoma, 42 pp.","Kondratieff, B. C., Schmidt, J. P., Opler, P. A. & Garhart, M. C. (2005) Survey of selected arthropod taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, 2005, 72 - 265.","Parshley, H. M. (1922) Report on a collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera from South Dakota. South Dakota State College, Technical Bulletin, 2, 1 - 22.","Harris, H. M. (1937) Contributions to the South Dakota list of Hemiptera. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 11 (2), 169 - 176.","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Uhler, P. R. (1876) List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1, 267 - 361.","Suh, C. P. - C., Westbrook, J. K. & Esquivel, J. F. (2013) Species of stink bugs in cotton and other row crops in the Brazos River bottom of Texas. Southwestern Entomologist, 38 (4), 561 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.038.0402","Zack, R. S., Landolt, P. J. & Munyaneza, J. E. (2012) The stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Washington State. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3), 251 - 262.","Fluke, C. L. (1929) The known predacious and parasitic enemies of the pea aphid in North America. Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Bulletin, 93, 1 - 47.","Williams, A. H. (2004) Feeding records of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Wisconsin. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 37 (1 - 2), 16 - 29.","Williams, A. H. (2015) Feeding records of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Wisconsin, supplement. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 48 (3 - 4), 192 - 198.","Provancher, A. L. (1886) Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada et Particulierement de la Province de Quebec. Vol. III. Cinquieme Ordre les Hemipteres. s. n., Quebec, 354 pp., 5 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38557","Van Duzee, E. P. (1912) Synonymy of the Provancher collection of Hemiptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 44 (11), 317 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 44317 - 11"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Thyanta

Thyanta custator accerra McAtee, 1919 Distribution: Canada: MB (Maw et al. 2000), ON (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), QC, SK (Scudder 2013). United States: AL, AR, AZ, CA (Van Duzee 1917, Johnson & Ledig 1918, Norland 1931, Goeden 1971, Rider & Chapin 1992), CO, CT (Van Duzee 1917, Parshley 1923 a, O’Donnell & Schaefer 2012), DE (Rider & Chapin 1992), DC (Rider & Chapin 1992), FL, GA, IA (Osborn, 1892, Stoner 1915, Van Duzee 1917, Hendrickson 1930, Knight 1936, Rider & Chapin 1992), IL, IN, KS, KY (Rider & Chapin 1992), LA (Rider & Chapin 1992, Temple, Davis, Micinski et al. 2013), MA (Uhler 1878, Parshley 1917, Van Duzee 1917), MD (Rider & Chapin 1992), ME (Phipps 1930, Rider & Chapin 1992, Roch 2020), MI, MN (Rider & Chapin 1992, Koch et al. 2014), MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE (Uhler 1872, 1876; Van Duzee 1917; Rider & Chapin 1992), NH (Rider & Chapin 1992, Roch 2020), NJ (Van Duzee 1917, Rider & Chapin 1992), NM, NV, NY, OH (Osborn 1900, Adkins 1917, Balduf 1923, Furth 1974, Rider & Chapin 1992), OK (Ortenburger 1927; Carpenter 1937; Smith 1940a, b; Fenton & Howell 1957; Stoner et al. 1962; Arnold & Drew 1988; Rider & Chapin 1992; Kondratieff et al. 2005), PA (Van Duzee 1917, Rider & Chapin 1992), SC (Jones & Sullivan 1981, Rider & Chapin 1992), SD, TN (Stål 1872, Van Duzee 1917, Howden & Crossley 1961, Rider & Chapin 1992, Lambdin et al. 2003), TX, UT, VA (Hoffman 1971; Allen & Hoffman 1975, 1976; Rider & Chapin 1992; Basnet et al. 2014), WV (Rider & Chapin 1992), WI (Rider & Chapin 1992), WY. (Mexico, Guatemala, Hawaii) Comments: At the time of the Froeschner (1988) catalog, the status of the different U.S. forms within Thyanta was confused. Rider & Chapin (1992) determined that Thyanta custator is composed of two subspecies - the nominate subspecies occurs along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, whereas Thyanta custator accerra occurs throughout the rest of the U.S., except it is replaced by Thyanta pallidovirens in the western U.S. This form was listed in Froeschner (1988) as Thyanta accerra and also the records for Thyanta pallidovirens spinosa Ruckes refer to this form. Additionally, most records of Thyanta perditor from the desert southwestern states should be referred here. The Idaho record for this species should be referred to Thyanta pallidovirens.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["McAtee, W. L. (1919) Notes on Nearctic Hemiptera. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 14, 8 - 16.","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Scudder, G. G. E. (2013) Additional provincial and state records for Heteroptera (Hemiptera) in Canada and the United States. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 109, 55 - 69.","Van Duzee, E. P. (1917) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications Entomology 2. University of California press, Berkeley, California, xiv + 902 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29381","Johnson, C. & Ledig, R. (1918) Tentative list of Hemiptera from the Claremont-Laguna region. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 10, 3 - 8.","Norland, C. (1931) List of California Pentatomidae, especially from the south. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 23, 45 - 46.","Goeden, R. D. (1971) Insect ecology of silverleaf nightshade. Weed Science, 19 (1), 45 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0043174500048244","Rider, D. A. & Chapin, J. B. (1992) Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100 (1), 42 - 98.","Parshley, H. M. (1923 a) Family Pentatomidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae. In: Britton, W. E. (Ed.), Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part IV. The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 34, pp. 753 - 783, pls. XVIII - XX","Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Krimmel, B. A. (2012) Banasa sordida (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Monterey cypress and Gowen cyprus (Cupressus macrocarpa, C. goveniana; Cupressaceae) as host plants in coastal California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 114 (2), 263 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.114.2.263","Osborn, H. (1892) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1 (2), 120 - 131.","Stoner, D. (1915) Preliminary notes on Iowa Pentatomoidea (Heterop.). Entomological News, 26, 353 - 355.","Hendrickson, G. O. (1930) Studies on the insect fauna of Iowa praries. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 4 (2), 49 - 179.","Knight, H. H. (1936) Records of southern insect species moving northward during the drouth years of 1930 and 1934. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 29 (4), 578 - 580. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 29.4.578","Temple, J. H., Davis, J. A., Micinski, S., Hardke, J. T., Price, P. & Leonard, B. R. (2013) Species composition and seasonal abundance of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Louisiana soybean. Environmental Entomology, 42 (4), 648 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 11135","Uhler, P. R. (1878) On the Hemiptera collected by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., in Dakota and Montana, during 1873 - 74. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 4, 503 - 512.","Parshley, H. M. (1917) Fauna of New England. 14. List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 125.","Phipps, C. R. (1930) Blueberry and huckleberry insects. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 356, 107 - 232.","Koch, R. L., Rider, D. A., Tinerella, P. P. & Rich, W. A. (2014) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Minnesota: An annotated checklist and new state records. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 47 (3 - 4), 171 - 185.","Uhler, P. R. (1872) Notices of the Hemiptera of the Western Territories of the United States, chiefly from the surveys of Dr. F. V. Hayden. In: Hayden, F. V. (Ed.), Preliminary Report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of Adjacent Territories, Being a Fifth Annual Report of Progress. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, pp. 392 - 423.","Uhler, P. R. (1876) List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1, 267 - 361.","Osborn, H. (1900) Remarks on the hemipterous fauna of Ohio with a preliminary record of species. Annual Report of the Ohio State Academy of Science, 8, 60 - 79.","Adkins, W. S. (1917) Some Ohio Heteroptera records. Ohio Journal of Science, 18 (2), 58 - 61.","Balduf, W. V. (1923) The insects of the soybean in Ohio. Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, 366, 147 - 181.","Furth, D. G. (1974) The stink bugs of Ohio (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey, 5 (1), 1 - 62.","Ortenburger, A. I. (1927) Some Oklahoma Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 6, 184 - 192.","Carpenter, J. R. (1937) Fluctuations in biotic communities, III. Aspection in a ravine sere in central Oklahoma. Ecology, 18 (1), 80 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1932704","Smith, C. C. (1940 a) Biotic and physiographic succession on abandoned eroded farmland. Ecological Monographs, 10 (3), 421 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1948513","Fenton, F. A. & Howell, D. E. (1957) A comparison of five methods of sampling alfalfa fields for arthropod populations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50 (6), 606 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.606","Stoner, A., Bryan, D. E. & Drew, W. A. (1962) A partial inventory of insect populations in tallgrass prarie pastures in north central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 42, 143 - 157.","Arnold, D. C. & Drew, W. A. (1988) The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Oklahoma. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Technical Bulletin T - 166. Norman, Oklahoma, 42 pp.","Kondratieff, B. C., Schmidt, J. P., Opler, P. A. & Garhart, M. C. (2005) Survey of selected arthropod taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, 2005, 72 - 265.","Jones, W. A. Jr. & Sullivan, M. J. (1981) Overwintering habitats, spring emergence patterns, and winter mortality of some South Carolina Hemiptera. Environmental Entomology, 10 (3), 409 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 10.3.409","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Howden, H. F. & Crossley, D. A. Jr. (1961) Insect Species on Vegetation of the White Oak Lake Bed, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. No. ORNL- 3094. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 38 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2172 / 4041200","Lambdin, P. L., Grant, J. F., Wiggins, G. J. & Saxton, A. (2003) Diversity of the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on Arnold Air Force Base, Tullahoma, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 78 (3), 76 - 84.","Hoffman, R. L. (1971) The Insects of Virginia: No. 4. Shield Bugs (Hemiptera; Scutelleroidea, Corimelaenidae, Cydnidae, Pentatomidae). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Research Division Bulletin, 67, i - v + 1 - 61, 7 maps, 1 pl.","Allen, W. A. & Hoffman, R. L. (1975) Distribution records of several Virginia shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae, Corimelaenidae, Cydnidae, Pentatomidae). USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 25 (12), 233 - 236.","Allen, W. A. & Hoffman, R. L. (1976) New geographical and seasonal distribution records for thiry-one species of Virginia shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae, Cydnidae, and Pentatomidae. USDA Cooperative Plant Pest Report, 1 (41), 747 - 751.","Basnet, S., Maxey, L. M., Laub, C. A., Kuhar, T. P. & Pfeiffer, D. G. (2014) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in primocanebearing raspberries in southwestern Virginia. Journal of Entomological Science, 49 (3), 304 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.18474 / 0749 - 8004 - 49.3.304","Froeschner, R. C. (1988) Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. The stink bugs. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, pp. 544 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 30"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Blattodea, Blattidae, and Macrostylopyga

Genus Macrostylopyga Anisyutkin, Anichkin & Nguyen, gen. nov. The gender is feminine. Type species: Macrostylopyga grandis gen. et sp. nov., here designated. Description. Large and uniformly dark-colored cockroaches. Sexual dimorphism poorly marked, both sexes completely lacking tegmina and wings (Figs. 3, 13). Hind metatarsus a little longer than other segments combined (Figs. 18, 22); all metatarsi with 2 unequal rows of spines along lower margin: exterior row (Fig. 22, e.r.) with larger number of spines, as compared to interior row (Fig. 22, i.r.); euplantulae small or absent (Figs. 18, 22); claws symmetrical and simple; arolium vestigial (Fig. 19, ar.). Anal plate with medial part caudally elongated, not triangular (Figs. 5, 14). Paraprocts nearly symmetrical, without pv sclerites (sensu Klass 1997) (Figs. 6, 8, 10, 15). Male genitalia: left phallomere (Figs. 27���38) with large sclerite L 4 C, process sla large, medially directed, outer side of phallomere with undivided sclerite L 4 F (possibly L 4 E + L 4 F), sclerite L 2 large, occupied lower and part of inner sides of phallomere, sclerite L 1 large, plate-like (Figs. 35, 36, 41, 42, 46), located in parallel with phallomere (not incorporated with phallomere wall���Figs. 35, 36, 39); right phallomere with caudal part of sclerite R 1 H in shape of long, more or less cylindrical in section (not plate-like), processes (Figs. 50���56), R 1 H fused with complicate, partly membranous sclerite R 1 G (Figs 50, 51, 53���55). The completely apterous females are known only for the type species, M. grandis sp. nov. (see below for its description). The last instar nymph of M. laosana (Anisyutkin, 2010) was described (Anisyutkin 2010), and it has no visible traces or rudiments of tegmina and wings. The complete absence of tegmina and wings in females of M. bidupi sp. nov. and M. laosana can be deduced from the rule common for all cockroaches: the shortening of tegmina and wings due to sexual dimorphism is always more expressed in females. The opposite cases, where males have shorter tegmina and wings than females, are yet unknown. Therefore, if the only known males of M. bidupi sp. nov. and M. laosana are completely apterous, then it is safe to conclude that the females of these species are apterous as well. Differential diagnosis. The genus Macrostylopyga gen. nov. belongs to the subfamily Blattinae Latreille according to the structures of male genitalia and tarsi (McKittrick 1964; Mackerras 1965; Klass 1997). It is characterized by the peculiar apterous habitus. Completely apterous cockroaches with similar habitus can also be found in the subfamilies Polyzosteriinae Handlirsch and Tryonicinae Mackerras of the family Blattidae and in the family Lamproblattidae McKittrick. The representatives of South American Lamproblattidae are characterized by a very peculiar structure of the male genitalia (McKittrick 1964; Klass 1997), which strongly differs from those of Macrostylopyga gen. nov. The subfamily Polyzosteriinae is characterized by the peculiar structure of tarsi: ������tarsi relatively rather short and stout, either all segments lacking spines, or first and second segment of hind and sometimes of mid tarsus spined, pulvilli [= euplantulae] and arolia large, claws symmetrical or more frequently asymmetrical.��� (Mackerras 1965, p. 844). Macrostylopyga gen. nov. differs from the representatives of Tryonicinae in the structure of male genitalia, viz. in the shape of sclerites L 4 C and R 1 H (Grandcolas 1997). Roth (2003 a) listed 25 genera in the subfamily Blattinae: Apterisca Princis, Austrostylopyga Mackerras, Blatta Linnaeus, Brinckella Princis, Cartoblatta Shelford, Catara Walker, Celatoblatta Johns, Deropeltis Burmeister, Dorylaea Stal, Duchailluia Rehn, Eroblatta Shelford, Eumethana Princis, Hebardina Bey-Bienko, Henicotyle Rehn & Hebard, Homalosilpha Stal, Maoriblatta Princis, Mimosilpha Bey-Bienko, Miostylopyga Princis, Neostylopyga Shelford, Pelmatosilpha Dohrn, Periplaneta Burmeister, Pseudoderopeltis Krauss, Scabinopsis Bey- Bienko, Shelfordella Adelung and Thyrsocera Burmeister. Catara is characterized by strong reduction of the tibial spines (Shelford 1910) and evidently belongs to the subfamily Archiblattinae Kirby. Duchailluia was erected in the monotypic subfamily Duchailluiinae Roth (Roth 2003 b). It can readily be distinguished from Macrostylopyga gen. nov. in having remarkably modified styli (Rehn 1933, Roth 2003 b). Austrostylopyga, Blatta, Cartoblatta, Celatoblatta, Deropeltis, Dorylaea, Eroblatta, Eumethana, Hebardina, Homalosilpha, Mimosilpha, Pelmatosilpha, Periplaneta, Pseudoderopeltis, Scabinopsis, Shelfordella and Thyrsocera clearly differ from Macrostylopyga gen. nov. in having more or less developed tegmina and wings, at least in the males. Apterisca and Brinckella differ from Macrostylopyga gen. nov. in having modified abdominal tergites VI and VII (Princis 1963). Macrostylopyga gen. nov. can be separated from the South-American genus Henicotyle by the complete absence of tegmina (in the females of Henicotyle tegmina present in the shape of lateral flaps, males as yet undescribed) and the reduction of one row of spines along the lower margin of hind metatarsus; in Henicotyle, ������ventral surface of tarsal joints regularly biseriate spinulose��� (Rehn & Hebard 1927, p. 187). Maoriblatta differs from the new genus in the presence of tegmina, reduced to lateral flaps, and the large euplantula on the hind metatarsus; in Maoriblatta the metatarsus of the hind leg has a large pulvillus more than half the length of the segment "Kaudaler Basitarsus mit grossem Pulvillus versehen, der mehr als die H��lfte der Unterseite des Glieder bedeckt" (Princis 1966, p. 57). Celatoblatta can readily be distinguished from Macrostylopyga gen. nov. by the outline of apical part of the left phallomere (Johns 1966). The new genus is most similar to the genera Neostylopyga and Miostylopyga. The structure of the male genitalia of N. rhombifolia (Stoll), the type species of Neostylopyga, is similar to that of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), the type species of the Periplaneta Burmeister, 1838 (Anisyutkin 2010) and clearly differs from that of representatives of the genus Macrostylopyga gen. nov. These differences are the shape of sclerites L 4 C, L 4 F, L 1, L 2, R 1 H, presence or absence of process sla (compare figs. 5���8 in Anisyutkin (2010) and Figs. 27 ���40, 50��� 56 of the current paper). From the monotypic Miostylopyga the new genus differs in larger size and structure of hind tarsus which has euplantulae on the metatarsus and second segment. In Miostylopyga proposita (Shelford) these euplantulae are completely absent (Princis 1966). Included species. The type species, M. bidupi sp. nov. and M. laosana (Anisyutkin, 2010).
Published as part of Anisyutkin, Leonid N., Anichkin, Alexandr E. & Thinh, Nguyen Van, 2013, Macrostylopyga gen. nov., a new genus of cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 520-532 in Zootaxa 3635 (5) on pages 521-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.5, http://zenodo.org/record/217427

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae, Melucha, and Melucha lineatella

Melucha lineatella (Fabricius, 1803) NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil • ♂; Amapá; Porto Grande; E. L. Oliveira; 9.V.1982; INPA) • 2♀; Amazonas; Barcelos, Rio Aracá, Boca do Curuduri; 00°05’50”N, 63°17’22”W; Sopé da Serra do Aracá;0°52’24”N, 63°27’19”W; C.F. Schwertner col., C. Durigan, Varredura; coleta manual; VII.2007; 16.VI.2010; INPA • 2♀; Novo Airão AM 352 Ramal Km 10 02°42’56.5”S, 60°56’26.7”W; Armadilha luminosa móvel 18:00-21:00h and 21:00-24:00h; J.A. Rafael, D. Takiya & J.T. Câmara; 28-29.VIII.2011; INPA • ♀, 3♂; Obidos, Bx. Amazonas, Traira, Dirings; VIII/XII.59(1959?); MZSP 1695, 1797, 1699, 1700 • 4♀, ♂; Manaus, Estr. Am 1km 15; Res. Ducke; 02°55’S 59°59’W); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke AM 010; 02°55’51”S, 59°58’59”W); Trilha do Barro Branco, Trilha da Ciência, J. T. Câmara, B.R.S. Machado, Serrão, Rose, A. Faustino, P. Torres, coleta manual, Rede entomológica; 29.VI.1970; 18.IV.1998, 10.IV.2002, 01-20.V.2010; INPA 3004 • ♀; Beruri, Rio Purus; 03°56’62”S, 61°21’02”W; Coleta Manual, Xavier & Aquino leg.; XII.2003; INPA • ♀; Novo Aripuanã, Lago Xadá; 05°15’39”S, 60°42’32”W); Coleta manual, F. Xavier, F. Godoi & A. Lourido Leg.; INPA • ♀; S. Gabriel da Cachoeira, Penny e Elias, 5-12.VII.1980; INPA • 3♀; Pará; Tucurui, Rio Tocantins, Chiqueirão, Canoal; M.F. Torres; 28.III.1984, 02/ 07.IV.1984; MPEG 05016513, 05016517, 05016502 • ♀; Mun. De Itaituba, Rio Tapajoz, Camargo, Dirings; V?/VI?.62(1962); MZSP • ♀, ♂; Belém Mocambo, P. Waldir, Exp. Perm. Amaz.; III.1964, 01.IV.1977; MPEG 05016672, MZSP 1730 • 2♀; Mun. Benevides; 408 km 06; Faz. Morelandia, M.F. Torres, W. França; 22.X.1991, 21.VI.1980; MPEG 05015926, 05016774 • ♀; Parauapebas, Carajás, Flona Carajás; INPA • ♀; Rondônia; Ouro Preto do Oeste, Margem direita Rio Paraiso; M.F. Torres; 17.III.1985; MPEG 05017563 • 3♀; Ouro Preto d’Oeste, Projeto Polonoroeste; C. Elias leg.; 29.X and 18.XI.1987; DZUP 361568, 361573, 363492.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 545, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneroptera, and Phaneroptera laticerca

Phaneroptera laticerca n. sp. (Figs 3-15) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 943241B7-3E5C-4059-A702-0A53452608FA MAT��RIEL TYPE. ��� Holotype. France. ♂; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 14.VIII.2019; J. Barataud leg.; MNHN-EO-ENSIF12090. Paratypes. France. 1 ♀; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 14.VIII.2019; J. Barataud leg.; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 12093 ��� 1 ♂; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 14.VIII.2019; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 11.IX.2019; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♂, Cerb��re (66), Casa cremada; 42��26���57���N, 3��8���54���E; alt. 225 m; 12.IX.2019; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Latour-de-Carol (66), el Sol��; 42��27���56���N, 1��53���42���E; alt. 1295 m; 18.X.2020; J. Barataud leg.; coll. DLP ��� 1 ♂, 3 ♀; idem; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Enveitg (66), Tauja; 42��27���57���N, 1��53���59���E; alt. 1350 m; 19.X.2020; leg. J. Barataud; MNHN-EO-ENSIF12091, 12092 ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Oss��ja (66), Les Closes; 42��24���28���N, 1��59���50���E; alt. 1320 m; 21.X.2020; J. Barataud leg.; coll. DLP ��� 1 ♂, 2 ♀; idem; coll. JB ��� 2 ♀; Latour-de-Carol (66); El Fenars; 42��28���22���N, 1��52���53���E; alt. 1330 m; 23.X.2020; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♂; Minerve (34), Les Lacs; 43��22���5���N, 2��42���57���E; alt. 422 m; 9.VIII.2021; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB ��� 1 ♀; Conqueyrac (30), Pic d���Aguzan; 43.925 96, 3.898665; alt. 197 m; 10.VIII.2021; J. Barataud leg.; coll. JB. ENREGISTREMENTS AUDIO. ��� France. 1 ♂; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m, 19.IX.2018; J. Barataud leg. ��� 2 ♂; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 14.VIII.2019; J. Barataud leg. ��� 3 ♂; L���Alb��re (66), El roc de la vinya; 42��28���40���N, 2��52���35���E; alt. 439 m; 15.VIII.2019; J. Barataud leg. ��� 2♂; Le Perthus (66), col de Panissars; 42��27���18���N, 2��51���27���E; alt. 326 m; 11.IX.2019; J. Barataud leg. ��� 8 ♂; L���Alb��re (66), El roc de la vinya; 42��28���40���N, 2��52���35���E; alt. 439 m; 11.IX.2019; J. Barataud leg. ��� 3 ♂; Cerb��re (66), Casa cremada; 42��26���57���N, 3��8���54���E; alt. 225 m; 12.IX.2019; J. Barataud leg. ��� 4 ♂; L���Alb��re (66), El roc de la vinya; 42��28���40���N, 2��52���35���E; alt. 439 m; individus juv��niles r��colt��s le 8.VII.2020 et enregistr��s entre le 11.VIII.2020 et le 03.IX.2020; J. Barataud leg. ��� 5 ♂; Latour-de-Carol (66), el Sol��; 42��27���56���N, 1��53���42���E; alt. 1295 m; 18.X.2020; J. Barataud leg. ��� 1 ♂; Oss��ja (66), Les Closes; 42��24���28���N, 1��59���50���E; alt. 1320 m; 21.X.2020; J. Barataud leg. ��� 1 ♂; Latour-de-Carol (66), El Fenars; 42��28���22���N, 1��52���53���E; alt. 1330 m; 23.X.2020; J. Barataud leg. ��� 3 ♂; Minerve (34), Les Lacs; 43��22���5���N, 2��42���57���E; alt. 422 m; 9.VIII.2021; J. Barataud leg. ��� 1 ♂; Aigues-Vives (34), Les Saules; 43��19���36���N, 2��49���48���E; alt. 126 m; 9.VIII.2021; J. Barataud leg. ��� 2 ♂; Conqueyrac (30), Pic d���Aguzan; 43��55���33���N, 3��53���55���E; alt. 197 m; 10.VIII.2021; J. Barataud leg. ��� 1♂; Gruissan (11), Chapelle des Auzils; 43��8���19���N, 3��5���34���E; alt. 140 m; 08.X.2021; J. Barataud leg.. Espagne. 2 ♂; Abla, El Encinar (AL); 37��5���18���N, 2��45���1���O; alt. 1324 m; 28.X.2019; J. Barataud leg. LOCALIT�� TYPE. ��� France, Le Perthus (Pyr��n��es-orientales); col de Panissars. DISTRIBUTION. ��� France m��ridionale (des Pyr��n��es-orientales aux Bouches-du-Rh��ne), Espagne. ��TYMOLOGIE. ��� Le nom d���esp��ce fait r��f��rence �� la forme ��largie des cerques des m��les. PROPOSITION D��� UN NOM VERNACULAIRE. ��� Le Phan��ropt��re �� larges cerques. DIAGNOSE M��le La morphologie g��n��rale (Fig. 3A) est tr��s proche de celle des esp��ces voisines et en partie sympatriques Phaneroptera falcata, et surtout P. nana et P. cf. sparsa. La distinction avec P. falcata est assez simple gr��ce �� la plaque sous-g��nitale (Fig. 3C) de forme triangulaire, r��tr��cie �� l���extr��mit�� (��largie �� l���extr��mit�� en deux lobes divergents chez P. falcata), aux sternites abdominaux (Fig. 5C) de coloration claire et uniforme (chez P. falcata, pr��sence d���une bande m��diane vert vif contrastant avec les c��t��s blanc-verd��tre clair ��� Fig. 5D), et au paranotum l��g��rement plus haut que large (plus large que haut chez P. falcata). La distinction avec P. nana et P. cf. sparsa est moins ��vidente et n��cessite l���examen de plusieurs crit��res. Les cerques nettement ��largis avant la pointe apicale constituent une caract��ristique diagnostique importante (Fig. 3C). Ils diff��rent en effet de ceux de P. nana qui sont de diam��tre �� peu pr��s constant, brusquement r��tr��cis en pointe apicale (Fig. 3E) et de ceux de P. cf. sparsa qui sont plus effil��s et nettement r��tr��cis avant la pointe apicale (Fig. 3G). Les caract��ristiques biom��triques sont interm��diaires entre P. nana et P. cf. sparsa, en recouvrement partiel avec cette derni��re esp��ce (Fig. 6A et Annexe 2). Par rapport �� P. nana, les tegmina sont un peu moins larges (entre 5,3 et 5,9 fois plus longs que larges) et les f��murs post��rieurs un peu plus ��troits (entre 9,4 et 10,7 fois plus longs que larges). Les autres mesures r��alis��es ne mettent pas en ��vidence de crit��res discriminants. Pour ceux avanc��s par Ragge (1956) entre P. nana et P. sparsa concernant la forme des lobes lat��raux du pronotum et le rapport entre la longueur des tegmina et la longueur des f��murs post��rieurs, P. laticerca n. sp. pr��sente des valeurs interm��diaires, en recouvrement avec les deux autres esp��ces (Fig. 6B). Ces deux variables ne constituent donc pas des crit��res diagnostiques fiables, au moins dans les zones biog��ographiques o�� la pr��sence de P. laticerca n. sp. est possible. Les tegmina au repos ne d��passent pas les genoux post��rieurs, ce qui constitue un crit��re int��ressant par rapport �� P. cf. sparsa chez qui les genoux post��rieurs sont d��pass��s par les tegmina au repos. Il n���y a g��n��ralement que trois taches noires sur le dessus des tegmina (Fig. 3B) mais certains individus peuvent en avoir quatre, comme P. nana. La forme de la plaque sous-g��nitale, m��me si elle semble un peu plus large en moyenne que chez P. nana, ne semble pas constituer un crit��re pertinent entre les trois esp��ces. La r��pe stridulatoire semble ��galement tr��s similaire chez les diff��rentes esp��ces (Fig. 3D, F et H). Femelle Comme pour le m��le, la morphologie g��n��rale est tr��s proche de celle des esp��ces voisines P. falcata, P. nana et P. cf. sparsa (Fig. 5A). La distinction avec P. falcata est assez simple gr��ce aux caract��ristiques de l���oviscapte (Fig. 5B) qui pr��sente une courbure r��guli��re avec la base de la lamelle entre les valves inf��rieures et sup��rieures droite et non sinueuse, une dentelure assez forte sur le bord sup��rieur et une coloration verte �� la base du bord inf��rieur (anguleux �� la base, avec la base de la lamelle sinueuse, des dentelures fines sur le bord sup��rieur et une coloration brune sur le bord inf��rieur chez P. falcata). Les autres crit��res d��taill��s chez le m��le (coloration des sternites abdominaux et forme du paranotum) sont valables ��galement chez la femelle et constituent des crit��res faciles �� appr��cier sur le terrain. La distinction avec P. nana et P. cf. sparsa est moins ��vidente et n��cessite l���examen de plusieurs crit��res. Comme chez le m��le, les caract��ristiques biom��triques sont interm��diaires entre P. nana et P. cf. sparsa, permettant la s��paration d���avec P. nana, gr��ce �� la largeur moins importante des tegmina et des f��murs post��rieurs (Fig. 6A). Par rapport �� P. cf. sparsa, il existe d���autres caract��ristiques diagnostiques li��es au nombre de denticules sur le bord sup��rieur de l���oviscapte (31 �� 36 denticules contre 41 �� 44 chez P. cf. sparsa; Fig. 4) et aux tegmina ne d��passant pas les genoux post��rieurs. On peut ��galement noter de l��g��res diff��rences au niveau de l�����piprocte (Fig. 5E) de forme semi-circulaire, avec le bord post��rieur assez largement arrondi (de forme subtriangulaire avec le bord post��rieur plus ��troitement arrondi chez P. cf. sparsa; Fig. 5G), et des cerques (Fig. 5E) qui se r��tr��cissent r��guli��rement depuis leur base jusqu����� leur extr��mit��, en restant relativement ��pais jusqu����� l���apex (se r��tr��cissant plus brusquement et restant plus fins sur leur moiti�� distale chez P. cf. sparsa; Fig. 5G). Les caract��ristiques des cerques et de l�����piprocte sont par contre tr��s similaires �� P. nana (Fig. 5F). DESCRIPTION MORPHOLOGIQUE M��le Coloration g��n��rale. Vert-jaun��tre avec des fines taches brunrouille r��parties sur l���ensemble du corps (Fig. 3A). Dessus de l���abdomen color�� de brun-rouille (sur la partie des tergites cach��e sous les tegmina au repos). Sternites abdominaux et face interne des f��murs post��rieurs d��pourvus de ponctuation, uniform��ment de coloration blanc-verd��tre clair (Fig. 5C). Tegmina. Entre 5,3 et 5,9 fois plus longs que larges (Fig. 6A). Bordure inf��rieure rehauss��e de rouille orang��e. Pr��sence de trois (rarement quatre) petites taches noires de part et d���autres de l���appareil stridulatoire (Fig. 3B): sur le tegmen gauche, une tache �� l���extr��mit�� de la nervure cubitale 1, une tache �� l���extr��mit�� de la nervure cubitale 2 et parfois une tache �� la base de la nervure cubitale 2; sur le tegmen droit, une tache �� l���extr��mit�� de la nervure cubitale 1. Appareil stridulatoire. R��pe stridulatoire pr��sentant une double courbure avec une partie rectiligne plus longue vers la base, comportant des dents allong��es et nombreuses (plus de 50) (Fig. 4D). La partie externe, apr��s la double courbure, avec des dents beaucoup plus petites, moins nombreuses (entre 20 et 30) et beaucoup plus rapproch��es. Pr��sence sur le tegmen droit d���un miroir bien marqu��, de forme quadrangulaire, l��g��rement concave sur sa partie interne et se r��tr��cissant dans sa partie post��rieure �� partir de la zone m��diane. Ailes post��rieures. Plus longues que les tegmina, en grande partie hyalines et avec la partie apicale renforc��e, rugueuse et de coloration identique aux tegmina. Pronotum. Sans car��nes lat��rales marqu��es. Disque pourvu d���une rainure transverse oblique au tiers basal et d���une rainure m��diane indistincte dans la m��tazone. Marge basale du disque arrondie. Lobes lat��raux entre 1,1 et 1,3 fois plus hauts que longs (Fig. 6B). Pattes. Pattes post��rieures avec des f��murs entre 9,4 et 10,7 fois plus longs que larges (Fig. 6A), ne d��passant pas l���apex des tegmina. Pr��sence d�����pines sur la face interne des tibias post��rieurs (au moins 35), m��dians (7-10) et ant��rieurs (3-5). Pattes ant��rieures munies d���une ��pine coxale bien d��velopp��e. Orifice tympanal. De forme ovale, environ deux fois plus long que large. Epiprocte. De forme assez r��guli��re, quadrangulaire, un peu plus long que large. Pr��sence d���un l��ger sillon m��dian vers l���extr��mit�� et de deux fossettes longitudinales peu marqu��es dans la partie basale. Plaque sous-g��nitale. De forme triangulaire, r��tr��cie et nettement ��chancr��e �� l���extr��mit�� (Fig. 3C). ��chancrure de forme triangulaire. Cerques. De diam��tre irr��gulier, amincis dans leur partie m��diane, avant un ��largissement distinct dans leur partie apicale (Fig. 3C); pointe apicale formant une griffe ��paisse recourb��e vers l���int��rieur. Femelle Comme le m��le �� l���exception des ��l��ments suivants. Tegmina. D��pourvus de taches noires, enti��rement vert-jaun��tre finement ponctu��s de brun-rouille. Absence d���appareil stridulatoire diff��renci��. ��piprocte. De forme semi-circulaire, avec le bord post��rieur assez largement arrondi (Fig. 5E). Plaque sous-g��nitale. De forme triangulaire, avec un r��tr��cissement marqu�� au niveau du quart apical (Fig. 5C). Cerques. Se r��tr��cissent r��guli��rement depuis leur base jusqu����� leur extr��mit��, en restant relativement ��pais jusqu����� l���apex (Fig. 5E). Oviscapte. Avec une courbure r��guli��re, et une coloration verte avec une marge brune sur le bord sup��rieur et le quart apical du bord inf��rieur. Dentelure assez forte sur le bord sup��rieur avec 31 �� 36 denticules (Fig. 4). Base de la lamelle entre les valves inf��rieures et sup��rieures droite et non sinueuse (Fig.5B). BIOACOUSTIQUE L���esp��ce semble avoir une activit�� strictement nocturne et les stridulations n���ont ��t�� entendues qu���une fois la nuit tomb��e. L���activit�� est maximale dans les trois premi��res heures de la nuit mais des chants ont ��t�� enregistr��s en captivit�� jusqu���en fin de nuit. Presque inaudible �� l���oreille nue, la stridulation est en grande partie dans le domaine ultrasonore, avec une FME g��n��ralement comprise entre 22 et 26 kHz (minimum 19,8 et maximum 27,7 kHz; n= 603). La distance de d��tection avec un d��tecteur d���ultrasons D 1000x est assez faible, environ 20 m pour les types de chants les plus sonores et seulement quelques m��tres pour les types de chants d���intensit�� plus faible (contre plus de 30 m pour le chant d���appel de P. nana dans des conditions similaires). Le chant d���appel du m��le, particuli��rement complexe, est compos�� de strophes h��t��rog��nes dans lesquelles alternent diff��rents types de phrases, syllabes et impacts isol��s. Il peut ��tre d��compos�� en trois types, ici num��rot��s de 1 �� 3 en fonction de leur r��le pr��sum�� dans le comportement acoustique de l���esp��ce (voir discussion sur le comportement acoustique dans le genre Phaneroptera): ��� Le chant de type 1 (Fig. 7) est compos�� de syllabes isol��es comportant g��n��ralement 10 �� 13 impacts (minimum 7; maximum 17; n= 254). La dur��e des syllabes est le plus souvent comprise entre 60 et 90 ms (minimum 44; maximum 169 ms; n=254) et les intervalles entre syllabes sont g��n��ralement de 700 �� 1300 ms (minimum 261 ms; maximum �� plus de 10 s; n = 254). L���intensit�� des impacts au sein de chaque syllabe augmente de mani��re progressive puis diminue plus brutalement. ��� Le chant de type 2 (Fig. 8) est compos�� de phrases complexes comprenant une syllabe principale avec g��n��ralement 6 �� 8 impacts (minimum 4; maximum 15; n= 127). Cette syllabe est plus courte que les syllabes de type 1, avec une dur��e moyenne de 20 �� 30 ms (minimum 15; maximum 85; n =127). Elle est suivie par 2 �� 6 syllabes secondaires (le plus souvent 4), d���intensit�� nettement plus faible et comptant g��n��ralement 4 �� 7 impacts (minimum 3; maximum 9; n= 127). ��� Le chant de type 3 (Fig. 9), d���intensit�� nettement plus faible que les pr��c��dents, est compos�� de s��ries d���impacts isol��s, ��mis avec un rythme rapide et assez r��gulier, et se terminant par une acc��l��ration finale l��g��rement plus forte en intensit��. Les intervalles entre impacts sont en moyenne de 100 ms (minimum 31; maximum 379 ms; n =205). Sur quelques s��quences, les impacts ��taient le plus souvent group��s par deux (Fig. 10). L���analyse des nombreux enregistrements r��alis��s sur plus de 40 individus diff��rents (voir d��tail en Annexe 1) permet de d��gager une s��quence type (Fig. 12A) qui revient le plus souvent (mais non de mani��re syst��matique). Cette s��quence type commence g��n��ralement par le chant de type 1 qui est celui que l���on entend le plus souvent sur le terrain, souvent ��mis de mani��re r��guli��re sur des dur��es a
Published as part of Barataud, Julien, 2021, Caract��risation acoustique des diff��rentes esp��ces du genre Phaneroptera Audinet-Serville, 1831 en Europe occidentale, et description d'une nouvelle esp��ce cryptique en France et en Espagne (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae), pp. 691-727 in Zoosystema 43 (29) on pages 695-706, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a29, http://zenodo.org/record/5705046
{"references":["RAGGE D. R. 1956. - A revision of the genera Phaneroptera Serville and Nephoptera Uvarov (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with conclusions of zoogeographical and evolutionary interest. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 127 (2): 205 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1956. tb 00471. x","FIEBER F. X. 1853. - Synopsis der europaischen Orthoptera. Lotos 3: 168 - 176.","STAL C. 1857 [1856]. - Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhan- dlinger 13: 165 - 170.","TAUBER E. & PENER M. 2000. - Song recognition in female bushcrickets Phaneroptera nana. The Journal of experimental biology 203: 597 - 603.","HELLER K. - G., HEMP C., INGRISCH S. & LIU C. 2015. - Acoustic communication in Phaneropterinae (Tettigonioidea) - a global review with some new data. Journal of Orthoptera Research 24 (1): 7 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.024.0103","HELLER K. G., HELLER M., VOLLETH M., SAMIETZ J. & HEMP C. 2021. - Similar songs, but different mate localization strategies of the three species of Phaneroptera occurring in Western Europe (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). European Journal of Entomology. 118: 111 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2021.012"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Chlorochroa

Chlorochroa uhleri (Stål, 1872) Distribution: Canada: AB, BC, MB (Maw et al. 2000), SK (Scudder & Thomas 1987). United States: AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OR, SD, TX (Chittenden 1898, Gaines 1933), UT, WA, WY (Buxton et al. 1983). (Mexico) Comments: Records of this species from central and eastern North America should be referred to Chlorochroa persimilis.
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, Jemte Systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Scudder, G. G. E. & Thomas, D. B. Jr. (1987) The green stink bug genus Chlorochroa Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 119 (1), 83 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 11983 - 1","Chittenden, F. H. (1898) Reported damage by the green plant-bug, Lioderma uhleri Stal. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Bulletin, New Series, 10, 94.","Gaines, J. C. (1933) Trap collections of insects in cotton in 1932. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 28 (2), 47 - 54.","Buxton, G. M., Thomas, D. B. & Froeschner, R. C. (1983) Revision of the species of the sayi - group of Chlorochroa Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Occasional Papers in Entomology (Sacramento, Calif.), 29, 1 - 23."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, and Banasa

Banasa dimidiata (Say, 1831a) New state records: Alabama: Baldwin Co.: Gulf Shores St. Pk., 17-V-1985, E. G. Riley & D. A. Rider (1♂ DAR). Cleburne Co.: Shoal Creek Ford, 6 mi. NNW Edwardsville, 23-VII-1965, J. & L. Donahue, det. J. E. McPherson (1♀ MSUC). Hale Co.: near Payne Lake, 11 mi. S Duncanville, 22-VII-1965, J. & L. Donahue, det. J. E. McPherson (1♂ MSUC). Lee Co.: [no specific locality], 22-VI-1981, D. A. Rider (1♂ DAR), 24-VI-1982, D. A. Rider (1♀ DAR). Tuscaloosa Co.: University, 1935, A. F. Archer (1♂ UMMZ). South Carolina: Pickens Co.: Clemson, 1-VII-1959 [additional dates: 13-VII-1958, 20-VII-1958, 29-VIII-1958], R. C. Fox, det. J E. McPherson (2♂♂ 2♀♀ MSUC). Wyoming: Albany Co.: Rock Creek Trail, 15-VI-2007, W. K. Reeves (1♀ DAR). Distribution: Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB (Brown 1941, Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), NS, ON, PE (Maw et al. 2000, Roch 2020), QC, SK (Walley 1929). United States: AL, AR, AZ (Thomas & Yonke 1981, Jones 1993), CA, CO, CT (Parshley 1917, 1923a; O’Donnell & Schaefer 2012), DC, DE (Schrader & Hughes-Schrader 1958), FL, GA, IA, ID (Harris & Shull 1944), IL, IN, KS (Packauskas 2012), LA, MA, MD, ME (Parshley 1914, 1917; Johnson 1927; Phipps 1930; Roch 2020), MI, MN (Koch et al. 2014), MO, MS (Lago & Testa 2000), MT (Van Duzee 1917), NC, ND, NE, NH (Slosson 1896, Parshly 1917, Roch 2020), NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI (Parshley 1917), SC, SD (Parshley 1922, Harris 1937), TN (Lambdin et al. 2003, Vlach et al. 2010), TX, UT, VA, VT (Roch 2020), WV, WA, WI, WY. (Mexico) Comments: Say (1831a) originally used dimiata as the specific epithet for this species, which was emended to the present form by LeConte (1859). This was probably unjustified, hence the listing of this species as Banasa dimiata in Froeschner (1988), but Hoffman (2005) provided arguments for maintaining the use of Banasa dimidiata for reasons of stability. Thomas & Yonke (1981) characterized the range of this species as “Entire U.S., northern Mexico and southern Canada ”, but they did not give any specific state localities. This species was also recorded from Alabama, Maine, and Minnesota in an unpublished thesis (Simons 1969).
Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
{"references":["Say, T. (1831 a) Descriptions of New Species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana, 39 pp.","Brown, A. W. A. (1941) Foliage insects of spruce in Canada. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Publication 712. Technical Bulletin, 31, 1 - 30, 2 pls., keys.","Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada,","Roch, J-F. (2020) Entomofaune du Quebec. Liste des Punaises du Quebec et des Regions Adjacentes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Document Faunique 27. Version 2.3. Entomofaune du Quebec Inc., Saguenay, 41 pp.","Walley, G. S. (1929) Hemiptera. In: Criddle, N., The entomological record, 1928. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 59, pp. 120 - 124.","Thomas, D. B. Jr. & Yonke, T. R. (1981) A review of the Nearctic species of the genus Banasa Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 54 (2), 233 - 248.","Jones, W. A. Jr. (1993) New host and habitat associations for some Arizona Pentatomoidea and Coreidae. Southwestern Entomologist, Supplement, 16, 1 - 29.","Parshley, H. M. (1917) Fauna of New England. 14. List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 125.","Parshley, H. M. (1923 a) Family Pentatomidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae. In: Britton, W. E. (Ed.), Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part IV. The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 34, pp. 753 - 783, pls. XVIII - XX","O'Donnell, J. E. & Schaefer, C. W. (2012) Annotated checklist of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of Connecticut. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3 - 4), 220 - 234.","Schrader, F. & Hughes-Schrader, S. (1958) Chromatid autonomy in Banasa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Chromosoma, 9 (3), 193 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02568075","Harris, H. M. & Shull, W. E. (1944) A preliminary list of Hemiptera of Idaho. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 18 (2), 199 - 208.","Packauskas, R. J. (2012) The Pentatomidae, or stink bugs, of Kansas with a key to species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45 (3 - 4), 210 - 219.","Parshley, H. M. (1914) List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Maine. Psyche, 21 (5), 139 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1914 / 95384","Johnson, C. W. (1927) Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region. Part I. The Insect Fauna with Reference to the Flora and Other Biological Features. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 247 pp.","Phipps, C. R. (1930) Blueberry and huckleberry insects. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 356, 107 - 232.","Koch, R. L., Rider, D. A., Tinerella, P. P. & Rich, W. A. (2014) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Minnesota: An annotated checklist and new state records. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 47 (3 - 4), 171 - 185.","Lago, P. K. & Testa, S., III (2000) The terrestrial Hemiptera and auchenorrhynchous Homoptera of Point Clear Island and surrounding marshlands, Hancock County, Mississippi. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, 45 (3), 186 - 195.","Van Duzee, E. P. (1917) Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications Entomology 2. University of California press, Berkeley, California, xiv + 902 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29381","Slosson, A. T. (1896) Additional list of insects taken in alpine region of Mt. Washington. Entomological News, 7 (9), 262 - 265.","Parshley, H. M. (1922) Report on a collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera from South Dakota. South Dakota State College, Technical Bulletin, 2, 1 - 22.","Harris, H. M. (1937) Contributions to the South Dakota list of Hemiptera. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 11 (2), 169 - 176.","Lambdin, P. L., Grant, J. F., Wiggins, G. J. & Saxton, A. (2003) Diversity of the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) on Arnold Air Force Base, Tullahoma, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 78 (3), 76 - 84.","Vlach, J., Lambdin, P., Dilling, C., Grant, J., Paulsen, D. & Wiggens, G. (2010) Diversity of the insect fauna within the unique sinking pond habitat in middle Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 85 (3 - 4), 62 - 86.","LeConte, J. L., Jr. (1859) The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North America. Vol. I. Bailliere Brothers, New York, xxi + 412 pp.","Froeschner, R. C. (1988) Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. The stink bugs. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, pp. 544 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 30","Hoffman, R. L. (2005) The Virginia species of Banasa, three decades later (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Banisteria, 25, 41 - 44.","Simons, E. E. (1969) The stink bugs (Pentatomidae) of Alabama. MS Thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 124 pp."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Euschistus, and Euschistus triangulator

Euschistus (Lycipta) triangulator (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842) (Figs 63–64) Cimex triangulator Herrich-Schäffer, 1842: 95–96. Euschistus triangulator: Stål, 1860: 19. Lycipta triangulator: Stål, 1862: 58. Euschistus (Lycipta) triangulator: Stål, 1872b: 23; Rolston, 1982: 290–291; Weiler et al. 2011: 59, 60, 64. Material studied. Maquiné: 1♀, 01.IV.2006, V. C. Matesco leg. (UFRG); 1♂, 12.X.2005, M. O. Marchiori leg. (UFRG). São Francisco de Paula: 1♂, 18.III.2007, C. F. Schwertner leg. (UFRG). Diagnostic features. Body dorsal and ventral surfaces castaneous to reddish castaneous, antennae reddish. Mandibular plates subequal to clypeus, rounded apically.Anterolateral margins of pronotum concave and with spaced denticles (Fig. 63). Internal angles of cicatrices of pronotum dark. Humeral angles reddish castaneous, strongly developed, acute apically and directed laterally (Fig. 63). Pronotum with callous transumeral band. Pronotum and scutellum with multiple concolorous impunctate callosities. Apex of scutellum with inconspicuous callosity (Fig. 63). Legs pale with dark castaneous spots. Apex of radial vein with pale yellow callosity. Veins of the membranous portion of hemelytra reticulate. Body length: 9.50–10.50 mm (Garbelotto & Campos 2014). Recorded host plants. Canola (Marsaro Jr. et al. 2017; Bianchi et al. 2019). Distribution in Rio Grande do Sul. Maquiné, Passo Fundo and São Francisco de Paula (Fig. 64).
Published as part of Barros, Lurdiana D., Paim, Marcelo R., Krein, Verônica, Carabajal, Victor, Brandão, Marcela N., Bernardes, Paula De O. & Lindner, Mariana F., 2021, Illustrated guide to Pentatominae (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) species associated with the four main grain crops in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, pp. 430-478 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 453-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/4692176
{"references":["Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro - Traktens Hemipter-fauna. Part I. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, 2 (7), 1 - 84.","Stal, C. (1862) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro - Traktens Hemipter-fauna. Part I. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, 3 (6), 1 - 75.","Stal, C. (1872 b) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Rolston, L. H. (1982) A revision of Euschistus Dallas subgenus Lycipta Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 84, 281 - 296.","Weiler, L., Ferrari, A. & Grazia, J. (2011) Contributions to the knowledge of Euschistus (Lycipta) with the description of E. (L.) riograndensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini). Zootaxa, 3067 (1), 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3067.1.5","Garbelotto, T. A. & Campos, L. A. (2014) Pentatominae do Sul de Santa Catarina. Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 80 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.7476 / 9788598203089.0001","Bianchi, F. M., Marsaro Jr., A. L., Grazia, J., Pereira, P. R. V. S. & Panizzi, A. R. (2019) Diversity of Stink Bugs (Pentatomidae) Associated with Canola: Looking for Potential Pests. Neotropical Entomology, 48, 219 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 018 - 0642 - 3"]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptopharsa, and Leptopharsa colombiana

Leptopharsa colombiana sp. nov. Fig. 3A, B Material. Holotype: mаle, deposited аs COL-TING-01 in CEHI аnd lаbeled аccordingly. Distribution. Pleistocene Colombiаn Copаl, Colombiа. Diagnosis. This new species аlso belongs to the genus Leptopharsa Stål, 1873 shаring its mаin morphologicаl chаrаcters (see Leptopharsa antica sp. nov.) differing from the other four Miocene species of the genus Leptopharsa (L. poinari Golub et Popov, L. evsyunini Golub et Popov, L. frater Golub et Popov, Leptopharsa antica sp. nov.) by the nаrrower body 2.77 times аs long аs wide (vs. L. poinari 2.6; L. evsyunini 2.26; L. frater 1.7; L.antica sp. nov. 2.38), very long heаd spines, pаrticulаrly the frontаl one, from L. antica sp. nov. by longer аntennаe, segment III meаsuring 1.08mm (vs. 0.5mm) аnd from аll of them by not protruding аnterolаterаl аngles of pаrаnotа. Leptopharsa colombiana sp. nov. seems to be rаther close to recent L. satipona Drаke et Hаmbleton, 1944, described from Peru. Both species аre rаther smаll (body length of L. satipona 2.7, body width 1.0 mm), hаve biseriаte pаrаnotа, costаl аreа of hemelytrа mostly biseriаte аnd triseriаte аt the widest pаrt, very nаrrow аnd biseriаte subcostаl аreа, discoidаl аreа with five rows of аreolаe аt the widest pаrt. But judging from the originаl description (Drаke & Hаmbleton 1944) pаrаnotа of L. satipona аre rаther nаrrow аnd projecting upwаrd, their outer mаrgins neаrly strаight; while those of Leptopharsa colombiana аre wide аnd not projecting upwаrd аt аll, their lаterаl mаrgins weаkly but distinctly convex. Description. Mаcropterous, of smаll size аbout 3mm; body nаrrow, elongаte, 2.77 times аs long аs wide. Colorаtion dorsаlly fuscous, venter аnd аntennаe fuscous, pronotаl disc blаckish-brown, legs yellowish brown. Hemelytrа аnd pаrаnotа with rаther lаrge hyаline аreolаe. Lаterаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа nude, without bristles or hаirs. Heаd short аnd wide, 2.33 times аs wide аs long, with three frontаl аnd two thin аnd very long occipitаl spines with аcute аpices, these reаching the bаse of аntenniferous tubercles; frontаl mediаn spine аlmost reаching аpex of аntennаl segment I. Frons convex. Eyes rаther lаrge, lаterаlly produced. Antenniferous tubercles smаll, curved towаrds heаd, with obtuse аpex. Antennаe very long аnd thin; longest segment III 3.27 times аs long аs segment IV аnd 3.09 times аs long аs width of heаd. Bucculаe closed аnteriorly; rostrum rаther thin, reаching hind coxаe. Rostrаl chаnnel not interrupted by trаnsverse lаminаe аt meso-metаsternаl suture. Pronotum nаrrowed аnteriorly, with three low longitudinаl cаrinаe with аn indistinct row of аreolаe. Pronotаl disc moderаtely convex. Hood (vesiculа) rаther smаll, tectiform, subаngulаrly produced аnteriorly аnd pаrtly covering the bаse of heаd. Pаrаnotа rаther wide, slightly reflexed, with two rows of rаther lаrge, mostly quаdrаngulаr аreolаe аlong their length; lаterаl mаrgins of pаrаnotа slightly convex, аnterolаterаl аngles rounded, not produced аnteriorly. Pronotаl triаngulаr posterior process relаtively short, with rаther lаrge аreolаe. Hemelytrа much longer thаn аbdomen. Lаterаl mаrgins of the folded wings аlmost pаrаllel to eаch other, slightly converging towаrds аpex аnd weаkly sinuаte аt middle of their length. Costаl аreа slightly reflexed аnd wide, with two rows of rectаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl аreolаe аlong most of its length, with two to three аreolаe of аn intermediаte third row аt the widest pаrt (аt the preаpicаl sinus), with one row аt the аpex of hemelytrа. Subcostаl аreа very nаrrow, with two rows of very smаll rectаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl аreolаe. Discoidаl аreа rаther short, with five rows of rаther smаll аreolаe which аre much lаrger thаn those of subcostаl аreа. Membrаne with six rows of rаther lаrge аreolаe аt the widest pаrt. Hind wings of the holotype аre not visible. Measurements. (in mm): body length from аpex of clypeаl spine to аpex of аbdomen—2.97, from аpex of clypeus to аpex of аbdomen—2.77; body width—1.0; pronotum length—1.03; pronotum width—1.1; heаd length from posterior mаrgin of eyes to аpex of clypeus—0.15; from posterior mаrgin of eyes to аpex of frontаl mediаn spine—0.4; length of mediаn frontаl spine—0.2; heаd width—0.35; vertex width—0.15; length of аntennаl segments (I, II, III, IV)—0.24, 0.1, 1.08, 0.33; length of hemelytron—2.0; length of discoidаl аreа—0.9; length of foreleg femur—0.5, length of middle leg femur—0.6, length of hind leg segments: femur—0.63, tibiа—0.69; tаrsus—0.1. Etymology. The epithet of this first Tingidаe species from Colombiаn Copаl is nаmed аfter the country of origin.
Published as part of Golub, Viktor B. & Heiss, Ernst, 2018, Two new species of lace bugs from Dominican amber and a new species from Colombian copal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), pp. 333-341 in Zootaxa 4444 (3) on pages 338-339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1309735
{"references":["Stal, C. (1873) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. 3. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 11 (2), 1 - 163232.","Drake, C. J. & Hambleton, J. (1944) Concerning Neotropical Tingitidae (Hemiptera). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 34 (4), 120 - 129."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptopharsa, and Leptopharsa antica

Leptopharsa antica sp.nov. Fig. 2 Material. Holotype: mаle, deposited аs DOM-TING-04 in CEHI аnd lаbeled аccordingly. Distribution. Miocene Dominicаn аmber, Dominicаn Republic. Diagnosis. All mаin morphologicаl chаrаcters of the new species indicаte thаt it belongs to the recent genus Leptopharsa Stål, 1873 аs redescribed by M.P. Hurd (1946): heаd аrmed with three spines (аs in recent species L. gibbicarina Froeschner, 1976); аntennаe thin аnd long; lаmellаte pаrаnotа deflected obliquely dorsаd but not bent onto pronotаl disc; lаmellаte pronotаl cаrinаe not very high, with one row of аreolаe; hemelytrа produced posteriorly, discoidаl аreа short (less thаn hаlf the length of hemelytron). Ventrаl fаce of holotype cаnnot be exаmined becаuse of the dаrkness of the аmber piece. The new species is closely relаted to Miocene L. poinari Golub et Popov, 2000 described from Dominicаn аmber. It differs from L. poinari by hаving only one frontаl spine, distinctly shorter аntennаe, slightly wider hood (vesiculа or cyst аuct. = аreolаte vesiculаr structure on аnterior mаrgin of pronotum), lаterаl pronotаl mаrgins less convex, costаl аreа of hemelytrа wider with three rows of аreolаe аt bаsаl hаlf, hemelytrаl membrаne with mаximаlly seven rows of аreolаe, lаterаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа nude. Heаd of L. poinari is аrmed with three frontаl spines, аntennаe very long аnd distinctly longer thаn in L. antica, the hood nаrrower (somewhаt depressed lаterаlly), lаterаl pronotаl mаrgins slightly sinuаte аt middle of their length, costаl аreа of hemelytrа nаrrower аnd biseriаte in bаsаl hаlf, membrаne with five to six rows of аreolаe аt the lаrgest pаrt, lаterаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа covered with minute bristles (Golub & Popov 2000). L. antica differs cleаrly from Miocene L. evsyunini Golub аnd Popov, 2000 by hаving one frontаl spine (three in L. evsyunini), nаrrower аnterolаterаl аngles of pаrаnotа not produced (vs. distinctly produced аnteriorly), four rows of аreolаe in costаl аreа of hemelytrа (vs. only three rows of lаrger аreolаe аnd а single аreolа of а fourth row аt the widest pаrt), five rows of аreolаe in discoidаl аreа (vs. only 3 rows). Miocene L. frater Golub et Popov, 2003 differs from the new species by hаving three frontаl spines (аs L. poinari аnd L. evsyunini), noticeаbly nаrrower hood, distinctly diverging аpices of folded wings, three rows of аreolаe in subcostаl аreа, four to five rows of in bаsаl pаrt of costаl аreа аnd three rows in аpicаl hаlf of membrаne (Golub & Popov 2003). The new species а s well аs L. poinari аre similаr to recent L. elegantula Stаl, 1873, the type species of the genus, described from Columbiа аnd recorded аlso in Ecuаdor, Boliviа аnd Brаzil. All three species hаve а similаr hаbitus, relаtively nаrrow pаrаnotа with two rows of аreolаe аnd hemelytrаl аpices not diverging in repose. L. elegantula differs from the new species by its lаrger size (3 mm), three frontаl spines, costаl аreа of hemelytrа with only three rows of аreolаe аt the widest pаrt. Recent species L. gibbicarina Froeschner, 1976 (known аs pest of oil pаlm) described from Colombiа аnd hаving only one frontаl spine differs from Leptopharsa antica by strongly rounded mаrgins of pаrаnotа, lаrger hood, divergent аpices of hemelytrа аnd the presence of аn oblique dаrk strip on the hemelytrа (Froeschner 1976). Description. Mаcropterous mаle; body distinctly elongаte аnd rаther nаrrow, аpproximаtely 2.38 times аs long аs wide. Colorаtion dorsаlly yellowish-fuscous, venter, heаd аnd pronotаl disc blаck, аntennаe brown, legs yellowish fuscous with blаck tаrsi on hind legs. Hemelytrа аnd pаrаnotа with rаther lаrge trаnspаrent аreolаe. Mаrginаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа nude, without spines or hаirs. Heаd short аnd wide, 1.9 times аs wide аs long, with two occipitаl аnd one frontаl very thin spine; occipitаl spines (only left ones cleаrly visible) rаther long, аdjаcent to heаd аnd аlmost reаching the аnterior mаrgin of eye; frontаl spine directed forwаrd аnd obliquely upwаrd. Frons convex. Eyes lаrge аnd globulаr, lаterаlly produced аnd exposed ventrаlly. Antenniferous tubercles very smаll, with obtuse аpices. Antennаe long аnd slender; аntennаl segment III longest, 2.5 times аs long аs segment IV аnd 1.32 times аs long аs width of heаd. Pronotum with three lаmellаte, relаtively low longitudinаl cаrinаe beаring one row of smаll, rectаngulаr аreolаe. pronotаl disc convex аnd аreolаte. Hood (vesiculа) tectiform, slightly inflаted lаterаlly, rаther elevаted, its аnterior mаrgin subаngulаte аnd produced, covering bаse of heаd, vesiculа with five to six аreolаe аlong eаch side of the midline. Pаrаnotа moderаtely wide, obliquely reflexed upright, with two rows of rаther lаrge, mostly quаdrаngulаr аreolаe; аnterior аngles of pаrаnotа widely rounded аnd not projecting аnteriorly, lаterаl mаrgins slightly convex. Triаngulаr posterior pronotаl process well developed аnd with obtuse аpex. Hemelytrа much longer thаn аbdomen, lаterаl mаrgins of the folded wings pаrаllel to eаch other, slightly sinuаte аt hаlf their length, аpices not diverging. Hemelytrа cleаrly subdivided into costаl, subcostаl, discoidаl аnd suturаl аreаs by elevаted veins. Costаl аreа very wide, with three rows of lаrge аreolаe mostly quаdrаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl forms for most of its length, with one to two аreolаe of the fourth row аt the widest pаrt, аpicаlly biseriаte аnd uniseriаte аt аpex. Subcostаl аreа very nаrrow, with two rows of rаther smаll, quаdrаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl аreolаe in the bаsаl hаlf of its length, with one row of rectаngulаr аreolаe increаsing in size towаrds the аpex of hemelytron in its аpicаl hаlf. Discoidаl аreа is short аnd rаther wide with five rows of аngulаr аreolаe in the widest pаrt. Suturаl аreа with one row of quаdrаngulаr аreolаe аlong bаsаl hаlf of discoidаl аreа which аre increаsing in size towаrds аpex. Posterior wings well developed, longer thаn аbdomen; on the left hind wing indistinct veins аre recognizаble representing Subcostаl- Rаdiаl- аnd Cubitаl veins аnd probаbly а trаnsverse vein connecting the lаtter (nomenclаture of veins аfter Drаke аnd Dаvis, 1960). Measurements. (in mm): body length—2.5, body width (аpproximаte, аs the left wing is spreаd аside)—1.05; pronotum length—0.98; pronotum width—0.75; heаd length from posterior mаrgin of eyes to аpex of clypeus— 0.2; heаd width—0.38; length of аntennаl segments (I, II, III, IV; аpproximаte becаuse of the oblique position of the аntennаe)—0.12, 0.08, 0.5, 0.2; length of hemelytron—1.78; length of discoidаl аreа—0.72; length of foreleg segments: femur—0.35, tibiа—0.52, tаrsus—0.008. Etymology. The epithet of this interesting species refers to its аge from anticus >Lаtin
Published as part of Golub, Viktor B. & Heiss, Ernst, 2018, Two new species of lace bugs from Dominican amber and a new species from Colombian copal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), pp. 333-341 in Zootaxa 4444 (3) on pages 336-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1309735
{"references":["Stal, C. (1873) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. 3. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 11 (2), 1 - 163232.","Hurd, M. P. (1946) Generic classification of North American Tingoidea (Hemiptera Heteroptera). The Jowa State College Journal of Science, 20 (4), 429 - 493.","Froeschner, R. C. (1976) Description of a new species of lace bug attacking the oil palm in Colombia (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78 (1), 104 - 107.","Golub, V. B. & Popov, Yu. A. (2000) New Cenozoic lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Paleontological Journal, 34 (Supplment 3), 290 - 297.","Golub, V. B. & Popov, Yu. A. (2003) Two new species of lace bugs from Dominican amber (Heteroptera: Tingidae, Tinginae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 12, 101 - 110.","Drake, C. J. & Davis, N. T. (1960) The morphology, phylogeny and higher classification of the family Tingidae, including the description of a new genus and species of the subfamily Vianaidinae (Heteroptera). Entomologia Americana, New Series, 39, 1 - 100."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae, Anastatus, and Anastatus bifasciatus

Anastatus (Anastatus) bifasciatus (Geoffroy) Figs 1, 2 Cynips bifasciatus Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785: 388. Described: female. Diplolepis bifasciata (Geoffroy); Dalla Torre, 1898: 418. Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy); Nikol’skaya, 1952: 490, fig. 477. Anastatus (Anastatus) bifasciatus (Geoffroy); Gibson, 1995: 105 (by implication); Narendran, 2009: 78, fig. 12. Cinips bifasciata Fonscolombe, 1832: 294. Described: female. Synonymy by Bouček, 1970: 80. Pteromalus bifasciatus (Fonscolombe); Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834: 426. Eupelmus bifasciatus (Fonscolombe); Förster, 1860: 122. Anastatus bifasciatus (Fonscolombe); Ruschka, 1921: 264 Anastatus eurycephalus Masi, 1919: 321–324, figs 26(1–5), 27. Described: female. Synonym of A. bifasciatus (Fonscolombe) by Bolívar y Pieltain, 1935: 280; synonymy by Bouček, 1970: 80. Cerycium pretense Erdős, 1946: 138–139, figs 4a–b. Described: male. Synonymy by Bouček, 1970: 80. Cinips bombycum Fonscolombe, 1832: 295. Described: male. Synonymy by Graham, 1992: 1101. Diplolepis bombycum; Dalla Torre, 1898: 418. Eupelmus subaeneus De Stefani, 1898: 251. Described: female. Synonymy by Bouček, 1970: 80. Pteromalus oomyzus Rondani, 1872: 202–203. Described: male (see Bouček 1974: 261). Synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 261, 277. Misocoris oomyzus; Rondani, 1877: 187, plate II, figs 55–58. Misocoris oophagus Rondani, 1877: 187, plate II, figs 61–63. Described: male. Synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 262, 277. Pteromalus ovivorus Rondani, 1872: 203. Described: female. Synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 262, 277. Misocoris ovivorus; Rondani, 1877: 187, plate II, figs 59–60. Cynips gemmarum Fonscolombe, 1832: 296. Described: male. Synonymy by Bouček, 1970: 80. Pteromalus gemmarum; Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834: 425. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Macropterous (Figs 1A, B). Fore wing with hyaline cross band behind marginal vein complete and with entirely white setae (Fig. 1D); infuscate region basal of hyaline band with uniformly dark setae and about 2.5–3.0× wider than cross band (Fig. 1D); basal region with basal cell, mediocubital fold, and cubital and vanal areas bare (Fig. 1F: bac, mcf, cua, vna). Head (Fig. 1E) with scrobal depression distinctly separated from anterior ocellus, by distance at least equal to 2× longitudinal diameter of ocellus (Fig. 1E: osd). Antenna (Fig. 1C) with fl2 slightly longer than pedicel (Fig. 1C, insert), but not all funiculars longer than wide, with at least apical two funiculars quadrate to slightly transverse (Fig. 1C). Mesosoma (Figs 1A, B), including procoxa (Fig. 1B), entirely dark, with concave posteromedial part of mesoscutum similarly dark as rest of mesoscutum (Fig. 1G) though under some angles of light with slight metallic luster; mesotibial apical spur infuscate (Fig. 1I); mesotarsus usually (see further under Remarks) similarly infuscate as mesotibial apical spur and similar in colour to mesotarsal pegs (Fig. 1B). Mesoscutum (Fig. 1G) with convex anterior part of medial lobe extensively mesh-like coriaceous at least anteriorly, at most distinctly reticulate only posteriorly, and with concave posterior part of mesoscutum only very sparsely setose with dark hair-like setae; mesoscutal lateral lobe with bare, minutely mesh-like coriaceous band anterior of posteromedian carina relative to distinctly larger mesh-like coriaceous to coriaceous-imbricate or reticulate sculpture on outer inclined surface (Fig. 1G). Profemur with ventral margin evenly curved, without distinct angulation or tooth apically (Fig. 1H). MALE. Antenna with scape (Fig. 2E) extensively dark dorsally but yellow ventrolongitudinally; pedicel dark; flagellum (Figs 2B, E) uniformly dark such that multiporous plate sensilla not contrasting in colour with surrounding cuticle, and consisting of five funiculars and clava, with clava (Fig.2E: clv) more than twice as long as combined length of funiculars. Head with frons mostly to entirely mesh-like coriaceous (Fig. 2C), at most slightly roughened in part. Mesopleurosternum uniformly dark (Fig. 2D) or at most with transepisternal line variably distinctly paler. Legs (Fig. 2B) beyond trochanters with all femora and tibiae extensively dark but front leg with knee, inner surface and apex of tibia, and all but apical tarsomere pale; middle leg with knee, tibia apically, and all but apical tarsomere pale, and hind leg with knee and basal three or four tarsomeres pale. Fore wing (Fig. 2F) with costal cell dorsally setose along entire leading margin (Fig. 2G); basal cell at least uniformly setose along basal and mediocubital folds though variably setose within cell and setae often white and inconspicuous; disc with large, quadrangular speculum (Fig. 2F: spc), the ventral surface with only 1 or 2 lines of setae adjacent to parastigma, and comparatively inconspicuously closed posteriorly by line of white setae. Species concept. Our concept of A. bifasciatus is based on identified specimens from Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy and Switzerland in the CNC, including reared material from Stahl et al. (2018a). Regional records. Reported from mainland China by Chu et al. (1935) and from Taiwan by Yie and Hsu (1967) under the name A. gastropachae, which Noyes (2019) listed, incorrectly, as a junior synonym of A. bifasciatus following Ishii (1938) (see under A. gastropachae). We did not examine voucher material from Chu et al. (1935) or Yie and Hsu (1967), but assuming their identifications of A. gastropachae were correct, then evidence for the presence of A. bifasciatus in China is completely lacking. However, because of past confusion between A. bifasciatus and A. gastropachae as well as between A. bifasciatus and A. japonicus (see below) we treat the name so that all three species can be distinguished reliably if A. bifasciatus is eventually found in China. It is possible that the species occurs at least in the Palaearctic part of China if the records from Japan and South Korea are accurate (see below). Distribution. Noyes (2019) recorded A. bifasciatus from throughout the Palaearctic region, including Europe and the Middle East, northern Africa, and Japan and Korea in the eastern Palaearctic, as well as Kenya (Afrotropical), India (Oriental), and United States of America (Nearctic). However, as discussed by Hayat (1975: 268), the record of Narayanan et al. (1967) is a misidentification of A. japonicus and subsequent inclusions of A. bifasciatus in the Indian fauna, such as by Narendran (2009), are based on prior literature records rather than validating specimens. Likewise, Nearctic records, such as by Crossman (1925), are based on misidentifications of A. japonicus and it remains to be confirmed whether A. bifasciatus occurs outside the Palaearctic region. Hosts. Noyes (2019) listed A. bifasciatus as a parasitoid of about 30 species of Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera plus, as a hyperparasitoid, two species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). However, some of the listed host records are undoubtedly based on misidentification of the parasitoid. This species is currently being investigated for potential augmentative biocontrol of an invasive agricultural pest, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in Europe (Haye et al. 2014; Stahl et al. 2018a, 2018b). Its extensive putative host range, including Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) and other lepidopteran and hemipteran pest species, suggests potential for biocontrol in China as well. Remarks. Females of A. bifasciatus are similar to those of A. colemani in sharing a complete fore wing hyaline cross band (Figs 1D, 3F) in combination with similar mesoscutal sculpture and setal patterns (Figs 1G, 3E). However, females of A. colemani have a short but distinct spine-like projection ventrally on the profemur within about its apical third (Fig. 3I: arrow), setae within the fore wing basal region (Fig. 3H), and the concave posteromedial part of the mesoscutum contrasting quite conspicuously in colour to the rest of the mesoscutum because of distinctly brighter metallic luster (Fig. 3E). Females of A. bifasciatus do not have a profemoral tooth (Fig. 1H), have the basal region of the fore wing entirely bare (Fig. 1F), and have the mesoscutum more-or-less uniformly dark with at most slight metallic luster (Fig. 1G). Three females from Iran that we provisionally identify as A. bifasciatus have entirely pale mesotarsi. However, all other examined A. bifasciatus females have infuscate mesotarsi that are similar in colour to the mesotarsal pegs and mesotibia (Fig. 1I). The few A. colemani females examined have at least the basal four mesotarsomeres pale in distinct contrast to the pegs and tibia (Fig. 3J). Females of both species have an infuscate mesotibial apical spur (Figs 1I, 3J). Unfortunately, males of A. colemani are unknown, but males of A. bifasciatus are distinguished from males of all other treated species by flagellar structure. The clava (Fig. 2E: clv) is greatly elongate compared to other species and there are only five funiculars, which suggests that length of the clava is at least partly a consequence of fusion of the apical two funiculars with the clava. This difference in flagellar structure demonstrates that the redescription of the male of A. bifasciatus by Tachikawa (1959) actually was a misidentification of A. japonicus (see further under this latter species).
Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Gibson, Gary A. P., Tang, Lu & Xiang, Jiawei, 2020, Review of the species of Anastatus (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) known from China, with description of two new species with brachypterous females, pp. 351-401 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 357-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3772901
{"references":["Fourcroy, A. F. (1785) Entomologia Parisiensis, sive catalogus Insectorum, quae in agro parisiensi reperiuntus-secundum methodam Geoffraeriam in sectiones, genara et species distributii; cui addita sunt nomina trivialia et fere recentae novae species, pars secunda. Via et Aedibus Serpentineis, Paris, 231 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36528","Dalla Torre, K. W. (1898) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. V. Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae. Guilelmi Engelmann, Lepzig, 598 pp.","Nikol'skaya, M. N. (1952) Khaltsidy fauny SSSR (Chalcidoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. Vol. 44. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 575 pp. [in Russian, English translation: Nikol'skaya, M. N. 1963. The chalcid fauna of the U. S. S. R. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel]","Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 5. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, 421 pp.","Narendran, T. C. (2009) A review of the species of Anastatus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) of the Indian subcontinent. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1, 72 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1956. tb 01100. x","Fonscolombe, E. L. J. H. B. (1832) Monographia chalciditum galloprovinciae circa aquas degentum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Series 1, Zoologie, 26, 273 - 307.","Boucek, Z. (1970) Contribution to the knowledge of Italian Chalcidoidea based mainly on a study at the Institute of Entomology in Turin, with descriptions of some new European species (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 49, 35 - 102.","Nees ab Esenbeck, C. G. (1834) Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium, Monographiae, genara Europaea et species illustrantes. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 320 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26555","Forster, A. (1860) Eine centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 17, 93 - 153.","Ruschka, F. (1921) Chalcididenstudien I. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 70, 234 - 315.","Masi, L. (1919) Materiali per una fauna dell'Arcipelago Toscano. XI. Calcididi del Giglio. Seconda serie: Eurytomidae (sequito), Eucharidinae, Encyrtinae, Eupelminae (partim.). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 48, 277 - 337.","Bolivar y Pieltain, C. (1935) Estudio monografico de las especies espanolas del genaro Anastatus Motsch. (Hym. Chalc.). Revista Espanola di Entomologia, 10, 273 - 292.","Erdos, J. (1946) Genera nova et species novae chalcidoidarum (Hym.). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 39, 131 - 165.","Graham, M. W. R. (1992) Hymenoptera collections of Boyer de Fonscolombe, with an account of his work and a description of the natural features of his estate. Journal of Natural History, 26, 1089 - 1111. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770631","De Stefani, T. (1898) Miscellanea entomologica sicula. Naturalista Siciliano, Nuova Serie, 2, 249 - 256.","Rondani, C. (1872) Sopra alcuni vesparii parassiti. Note. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 4, 201 - 208.","Boucek, Z. (1974) On the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) described by C. Rondani. Redia, 55, 241 - 285.","Rondani, C. (1877) Vesparia parassita non vel minus cognita observata et descripta. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 9, 166 - 213.","Stahl, J. M., Babendreier, D. & Haye, T. J. (2018 a) Using the egg parasitoid Anastatus bifasciatus against the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in Europe: can non-target effects be ruled out? Journal of Pest Science, 91, 1005 - 1017. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 018 - 0969 - x","Chu, J. T. & Hsia, S. H. (1935) A list of the Chekiang and Kiangsu chalcids and proctotrupids in the Bureau of Entomology, Hangchow. Entomology and Phytopathology, 3, 394 - 398.","Yie, S. T. & Hsu, S. J. (1967) Biological study of the more important insect-pests attacking genus Pinus introduced from the USA. VII. Insect parasites of the pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus punctatus Walk. and sawfly, Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt. Plant Protection Bulletin, Taichung, 9, 5 - 13.","Noyes, J. S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea database. Online. Available from www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids (accessed 18 May 2019)","Ishii, T. (1938) Chalcidoid- and proctotrypoid-wasps reared from Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler and D. albolineatus Matsumura and their insect parasites, with descriptions of three new species. Kontyu, 12, 97 - 105.","Hayat, M. (1975) Some Indian species of Anastatus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Oriental Insects, 9, 261 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1975.10434497","Narayanan, E. S., Rao, V. P. & Subba Rao, B. R. (1967) Advances made in insect parasitology and biological control of pests in India. In: Agricultural Entomology, Reviews circulated at entomological research workers conference. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, pp. 205 - 246.","Crossman, S. S. (1925) Two imported egg parasites of the gipsy moth, Anastatus bifasciatus Fonsc. and Schedius kuvanae Howard. Journal of Agricultural Research, 30, 643 - 675.","Haye, T., Abdallah, S., Gariepy, T. & Wyniger, D. (2014) Phenology, life table analysis and temperature requirements of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in Europe. Journal of Pest Science, 87, 407 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 014 - 0560 - z","Stahl, J. M., Babendreier, D. & Haye, T. J. (2018 b) Life history of Anastatus bifasciatus, a potential biological control agent of the brown marmorated stink bug in Europe. Biological Control, 129, 178 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.10.016","Tachikawa, T. (1959) Redescription of the male of Anastatus bifasciatus Fonscolmbe (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Kontyu, 27, 284 - 286."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Miridae, Heterochterus, and Heterochterus timmsii

Ƭ Heterochterus timmsii Evans, 1971 Heterochterus timmsii Evans, 1971: 149– 150 (original description, illustration). HOLOTYPE:?sex, wing, Australia: Queensland: ‘ Mt Crosby, coll. B. V. Timms, presented by Department of Entomology, University of Queensland, Q.M. F6473’ (QMBA). Heterochterus timmsii: JELL (2004): 65 (redescription, illustrations). Distribution. Australia: Queensland (Ipswich Coal Measures: Late Triassic) (EVANS 1971, JELL 2004). Discussion The first described species of velvety shore bugs was the widely distributed Acanthia marginata Latreille, 1804, discovered in southern France, and soon after accommodated in its own new genus, Ochterus Latreille, 1807, and new family, Pelogonida Leach, 1815 (based on an unnecessary new replacement name Pelogonus Latreille, 1809). Additional two taxa were described by GUÉRIN- MÉ- NEVILLE (1843), Pelogonus indicus (junior synonym of O. marginatus marginatus) from India, and the first American species, Pelogonus perboscii from Mexico. Until the end of 19th century, altogether eleven species of Ochteridae were described, seven of which still remain valid. Among them were also two species which were in the future designated as types of new genera, Ocyochterus Drake & Gómez-Menor, 1954 (Pelogonus victor Bolívar, 1879) and Megochterus Jaczewski, 1934 (Pelogonus nasutus Montandon, 1898). Between 1901 and 1970, 17 additional species of Ochteridae were described, mostly from the American continent where important contributions were published by CHAMPION (1901), BARBER (1913), HUNGERFORD (1927), and especially the revision by SCHELL (1943a,b). In the Old World, only five species were described in this period (HORVÁTH 1913; JACZEWSKI 1934, 1935, 1938; MANCINI 1939). SINGH- PRUTHI (1925) first described and illustrated male genitalia including the right paramere of Ochterus marginatus, a character soon applied in ochterid taxonomy by HUNGERFORD (1927) and JACZEWSKI (1934). Big progress in describing new Ochteridae started in 1970s with three revisional papers by Nicolas A. Kormilev for Australian, Oriental and Afrotropical taxa (KORMILEV 1971, 1972, 1973), largely based on the structure of the right paramere. Soon followed the papers of NIESER (1975) (Suriname), POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS (1976) (SW USA), RIEGER (1977) (Australia, Philippines), and GAPUD & SAN VALENTIN (1977) (Philippines). Victor P. Gapud continued his work on the fauna of Philippines also in the following three decades (GAPUD 1981, 1995, 2003). In the same time, Martin Baehr, a renowned German coleopterist specialised in Carabidae (Coleoptera), revised Ochteridae of the Australian Region in a series of four papers (BAEHR 1989, 1990a,b,c). In 1990s, Nico Nieser and Ping-ping Chen described seven additional species mostly from Malesia, but also from southern China and South America (NIESER & CHEN 1992, 1999). Finally, Dan A. Polhemus started describing new Ochteridae with Ochterus seychellensis in 1992 (POLHEMUS 1992a), and continued, together with his father John T. Polhemus, with series of revisional papers on Ochterus of Mauritius (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2008), Malaysia and the Oriental part of Indonesia (2012, 2015), North and Central America (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2016), as well as a revision of the genus Ocyochterus with the description of one new species (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2014). Since 1971, 64 species of Ochteridae were described, nearly three times the number described before this date (see Table 1 and Fig. 25). The most prolific authors were D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, who described together 17 species of Ochteridae, followed by M. Baehr with 16 species and subspecies, N. Nieser with 9 species, and N. A. Kormilev and V. P. Gapud each with 8 species (cf. Table 2). The species inventory of Ochteridae is certainly far from complete, as it is documented by mentions of a probable new species of Ochterus from Palawan (GAPUD 2003) and several undescribed species from New Guinea (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1998, 2012), and Oriental Region, as well as due to the probable polyphyly of O. marginatus (CHEN et al. 2005). Also our unpublished results suggest existence of additional undescribed species, especially in the Oriental Region, the Afrotropical Region and Madagascar. The extant members of the family Ochteridae are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of all continents. The present lack of published records from Lesser Sunda and Maluku Islands (Indonesia) is probably due to sampling bias, as we have at hand unidentified material from Maluku, superficially resembling O. nicobarensis (ZJPC). Further Ochteridae inhabit temperate zones of Australia and Tasmania (ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004), East Palearctic (north to the northernmost Japanese island, Hokkaido, and to Kunashir, the southernmost island of Kuriles) (POLHEMUS 1995 a, KANYUKOVA 2006, HAYASHI et al. 2016, HAYASHI & MIYAMOTO 2018) and Eastern Nearctic Region (north to Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota and Ontario (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988a, 2016; MAW et al. 2000). On the contrary, Ochteridae are missing in temperate Europe, continental regions of Central Asia (POLHEMUS 1995 a, KANYUKOVA 2006), from the Appalachian Mountains and the Ozark Plateau in the eastern part, as well as from most of the western part of USA (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988a, 2016), from New Zealand, and from temperate and subtropical South America (the most southern species being O. foersteri reaching the Misiones province of Argentina – MELO 2015, BACHMANN & MAZZUCCONI 2017). The zoogeographical pattern of Gelastocoridae resembles that of Ochteridae, with three exceptions: i) Gelastocoridae in South America occur further south, into central Chile; ii) in the Eastern Palaearctic they extend northward only to central China and the southern Japanese islands of Kyushu and Shikoku; and iii) they are completely absent in the Western Palaearctic (except one record from coast of Sinai, Egypt) (e.g., TODD 1955, 1961; POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988b; POLHEMUS 1995b; ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004; CHEN et al. 2005; KMENT & JINDRA 2008; FAÚNDEZ & ASHWORTH 2015; FAÚNDEZ & CARVAJAL 2017; NIESER et al. 2020). Concerning the biodiversity pattern, we can recognize two distinct biodiversity centres, the Australasian Region with 29 species-group taxa and the Neotropical Region with 28 species-group taxa. Within the Neotropical Region, most of these taxa (i.e. 17) are known from Central America, while only 14 species and subspecies are known from South America (see Table 2). This situation may be influenced by the existence of the recent excellent revision of Central American fauna by POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS (2016) and future research will elucidate the precise number of species actually occurring in South America. In the Caribbean, so far only one endemic species is known (O. hungerfordi from Cuba) and two widely distributed species shared with the continent (O. aeneifrons aeneifrons and O. perbosci), which is in contrast with high number of island endemics occurring in Malesia and islands of the Indian Ocean. In the Australian Region, 5 species occur in Sulawesi (including the widely distributed O. marginatus marginatus and O. noualhieri shared with Sundaland), 11 species in New Guinea, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands, 13 species and subspecies in Australia, and 2 species in New Caledonia (one of them endemic). The Oriental Region seems also species rich with 22 species-group taxa, but only 5 species are so far known in its western (mostly continental) part north of the border of Malaysia; 8 species occur in Sundaland and 11 species and subspecies are confined to the Philippines. The Afrotropical Region harbours 8 species, 6 of them occurring on the continent and 4 on the adjacent islands; O. caffer and O. papaceki sp. nov. occur in both the African mainland and islands (Madagascar and Socotra, respectively), while Mauritius and Seychelles each harbour a single endemic species. The fauna of the Nearctic Region includes five species (with O. rotundus and O. perbosci confined to its southernmost regions and shared with Neotropical Region) (POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2016). The least species rich is fauna of the Palaearctic Region, including only three described species, the widely distributed O. marginatus marginatus, O. strigicollis endemic to Israel, and O. breviculus confined to the transitional zone between the Palaearctic and the Oriental Region in Yunnan and Xizang (Tibet) in southern China (NIESER & CHEN 1992, POLHEMUS 1995a). In alternative zoogeographical regionalisation, Malesia (including the Malay Peninsula, Sundaland, Philippines, Wallacea, New Guinea and Solomon Islands), would harbour 33 species and subspecies – see CHEN et al. 2005, ZETTEL & LANE 2010. POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 2012). In contrast to the New World, we must stress the importance of island endemism for the species diversity in Old World Ochterus – among 55 Old World species, 33 (60 %) of them are confined to islands. Interestingly, also Gelastocoridae also share a similar pattern of species richness, with centres of biodiversity in Neotropical and Australian Region; the Oriental Region harbours only 9 species, 3 of them extending to Eastern Palaearctic, the Afrotropical Region has only 2 species, one of them marginally reaching the Western Palaearctic; 8 species-group taxa occur in Nearctic Region, though most of them are confined to its southernmost areas, Florida and along the Mexican border (e.g., TODD 1955, 1961; POLHEMUS & POLHEMUS 1988b; POLHEMUS 1995b; ANDERSEN & WEIR 2004; CHEN et al. 2005; KMENT & JINDRA 2008; FAÚNDEZ & ASHWORTH 2015; NIESER et al. 2020). The phylogenetic relationships within Ochteridae were addressed by MAHNER (1993) and summarized as follows: (Megochterus + (Ocyochterus + (American Ochterus + Old World Ochterus))). The monophyly of the Old World Ochterus is well supported by the apomorphic structure of the right paramere, provided with a rounded apical cap and two subapical appendages; however, the monophyly of American Ochterus with a simple right paramere remains questionable, as their paraphyly towards the Old World clade (Ochterus s. str.) is also possible (MAHNER 1993). The first cladistic analysis of relationships among genera of Ochteridae was performed by YAO et al. (2011), who included the three recent genera and three fossil genera from Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of China, suggesting the following relationships: ((† Floricaudus + † Pristinochterus) + († Angulochterus + (Megochterus + (Ochterus + Ocyochterus)))). For review of the fossil taxa assigned to Ochteridae and Ochteroidea stem group see Table 3. On the other hand, relationships among species-group taxa within the diverse Ochterus have never been rigorously tested. Considering the morphological homogeneity of this group, the use of molecular phylogenetic methods will be necessary.
Published as part of Kment, Petr, Carapezza, Attilio & Jindra, Zdeněk, 2020, Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 23-64 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.003, http://zenodo.org/record/3879659
{"references":["EVANS J. W. 1971: Some Upper Triassic Hemiptera from Mount Crosby, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 145 - 151.","JELL P. A. 2004: The fossil insects of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 50: 1 - 124.","LATREILLE P. A. 1804: Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des crustaces et des insectes. Vol. 12. F. Dufart, Paris, 424 pp.","LATREILLE P. A. 1807: Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundem ordinem naturalem in familias disposita iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus tertius. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, 259 pp.","LEACH W. E. 1815: Entomology. Pp. 57 - 172. In: BREWSTER D. (ed.): The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Vol. 9. Blackwood, Edinburgh, 764 pp. + pls. CCLIII-CCLX.","LATREILLE P. A. 1809: Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundem ordinem naturalem in familias disposita iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus quartus et ultimus. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, 599 pp + 16 pls.","DRAKE C. 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B. 1927: A report upon the aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera of the Mulford Biological Expedition to Bolivia, South- - America, 1921 - 22. Proceedings of the Entomomological Society of America 29: 187 - 190 + pl. 10.","SCHELL D. V. 1943 a: The Ochteridae (Hemiptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 16 (1): 29 - 36. [January 1943]","HORVATH G. 1913: Aquatic and semi-aquatic Rhynchota from the Lake of Tiberias and its immediate vicinity. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9: 477 - 480.","JACZEWSKI T. 1935: Die Uferwanzen (Heteroptera: Fam. Leptopodidae, Acanthiidae, Ochteridae und Mononychidae) der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Suppl. - Band XIII ' Tropische Binnengewasser' 5: 474 - 483.","JACZEWSKI T. 1938: Eine neue Ochteriden-Art aus Africa, nebst faunistischen Angaben ueber einige andere Arten dieser Familie (Heteroptera). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft der Naturforschender Freunde in Berlin 1937: 186 - 187.","KORMILEV N. A. 1971: Ochteridae from the Oriental and Australian Regions (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Pacific Insects 13: 429 - 444.","KORMILEV N. A. 1972: A new species of the genus Ochterus Latreille, 1807, from New Guinea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Ochteridae). Pacific Insects 14: 585 - 587.","KORMILEV N. A. 1973: Ochteridae from Western and Southern Africa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 106: 1 - 9.","NIESER N. 1975: The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana region. Studies of the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 16: 1 - 310 + 24 pls.","POLHEMUS J. T. & POLHEMUS M. S. 1976: Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera of the Grand Canyon (Insecta: Hemiptera). Great Basin Naturalist 36: 221 - 226.","RIEGER CH. 1977: Neue Ochteridae aus der Alten Welt. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge 24: 213 - 217.","GAPUD V. 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Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 197 - 203","NIESER N. & CHEN P. - P. 1992: Notes on Gelastocoridae and Ochteridae (Heteroptera) with the description of five new species. Storkia 1: 2 - 13.","NIESER N. & CHEN P. - P. 1999: Sixteen new species of Nepomorpha mainly from Sulawesi. Notes on Malaysian aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera), VIII. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142: 77 - 123.","POLHEMUS D. A. 1992 a: The first records of the families Ochteridae and Hebridae (Heteroptera) from the granitic Seychelles, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 100: 418 - 423.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2008: A new Indian Ocean species of Ochterus from the island of Mauritius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48: 281 - 288.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2016: Revision of the genus Ochterus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Ochteridae) in Mesoamerica and the United States. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159: 9 - 75.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2014: Ocyochterus irmae, a beautiful new species of Ochteridae (Heteroptera) from the Northern Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 163 - 171.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 1998: A biodiversity survey of aquatic insects in the Ajkwa River Basin and adjacent areas, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Tropical Biodiversity 5 (3): 197 - 216.","POLHEMUS D. A. & POLHEMUS J. T. 2012: Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. IX. Infraorder Nepomorpha, families Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60: 343 - 359.","CHEN P. - P., NIESER N. & ZETTEL H. 2005: The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana Handbook, Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden - Boston, x + 546 pp.","STAL C. 1855: Hemiptera fran Kafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 12: 27 - 47.","CHANDRA K. & JEHAMALAR E. 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Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptopharsa, and Leptopharsa antica

Leptopharsa antica sp.nov. Fig. 2 Material. Holotype: mаle, deposited аs DOM-TING-04 in CEHI аnd lаbeled аccordingly. Distribution. Miocene Dominicаn аmber, Dominicаn Republic. Diagnosis. All mаin morphologicаl chаrаcters of the new species indicаte thаt it belongs to the recent genus Leptopharsa Stål, 1873 аs redescribed by M.P. Hurd (1946): heаd аrmed with three spines (аs in recent species L. gibbicarina Froeschner, 1976); аntennаe thin аnd long; lаmellаte pаrаnotа deflected obliquely dorsаd but not bent onto pronotаl disc; lаmellаte pronotаl cаrinаe not very high, with one row of аreolаe; hemelytrа produced posteriorly, discoidаl аreа short (less thаn hаlf the length of hemelytron). Ventrаl fаce of holotype cаnnot be exаmined becаuse of the dаrkness of the аmber piece. The new species is closely relаted to Miocene L. poinari Golub et Popov, 2000 described from Dominicаn аmber. It differs from L. poinari by hаving only one frontаl spine, distinctly shorter аntennаe, slightly wider hood (vesiculа or cyst аuct. = аreolаte vesiculаr structure on аnterior mаrgin of pronotum), lаterаl pronotаl mаrgins less convex, costаl аreа of hemelytrа wider with three rows of аreolаe аt bаsаl hаlf, hemelytrаl membrаne with mаximаlly seven rows of аreolаe, lаterаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа nude. Heаd of L. poinari is аrmed with three frontаl spines, аntennаe very long аnd distinctly longer thаn in L. antica, the hood nаrrower (somewhаt depressed lаterаlly), lаterаl pronotаl mаrgins slightly sinuаte аt middle of their length, costаl аreа of hemelytrа nаrrower аnd biseriаte in bаsаl hаlf, membrаne with five to six rows of аreolаe аt the lаrgest pаrt, lаterаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа covered with minute bristles (Golub & Popov 2000). L. antica differs cleаrly from Miocene L. evsyunini Golub аnd Popov, 2000 by hаving one frontаl spine (three in L. evsyunini), nаrrower аnterolаterаl аngles of pаrаnotа not produced (vs. distinctly produced аnteriorly), four rows of аreolаe in costаl аreа of hemelytrа (vs. only three rows of lаrger аreolаe аnd а single аreolа of а fourth row аt the widest pаrt), five rows of аreolаe in discoidаl аreа (vs. only 3 rows). Miocene L. frater Golub et Popov, 2003 differs from the new species by hаving three frontаl spines (аs L. poinari аnd L. evsyunini), noticeаbly nаrrower hood, distinctly diverging аpices of folded wings, three rows of аreolаe in subcostаl аreа, four to five rows of in bаsаl pаrt of costаl аreа аnd three rows in аpicаl hаlf of membrаne (Golub & Popov 2003). The new species а s well аs L. poinari аre similаr to recent L. elegantula Stаl, 1873, the type species of the genus, described from Columbiа аnd recorded аlso in Ecuаdor, Boliviа аnd Brаzil. All three species hаve а similаr hаbitus, relаtively nаrrow pаrаnotа with two rows of аreolаe аnd hemelytrаl аpices not diverging in repose. L. elegantula differs from the new species by its lаrger size (3 mm), three frontаl spines, costаl аreа of hemelytrа with only three rows of аreolаe аt the widest pаrt. Recent species L. gibbicarina Froeschner, 1976 (known аs pest of oil pаlm) described from Colombiа аnd hаving only one frontаl spine differs from Leptopharsa antica by strongly rounded mаrgins of pаrаnotа, lаrger hood, divergent аpices of hemelytrа аnd the presence of аn oblique dаrk strip on the hemelytrа (Froeschner 1976). Description. Mаcropterous mаle; body distinctly elongаte аnd rаther nаrrow, аpproximаtely 2.38 times аs long аs wide. Colorаtion dorsаlly yellowish-fuscous, venter, heаd аnd pronotаl disc blаck, аntennаe brown, legs yellowish fuscous with blаck tаrsi on hind legs. Hemelytrа аnd pаrаnotа with rаther lаrge trаnspаrent аreolаe. Mаrginаl veins of pаrаnotа аnd hemelytrа nude, without spines or hаirs. Heаd short аnd wide, 1.9 times аs wide аs long, with two occipitаl аnd one frontаl very thin spine; occipitаl spines (only left ones cleаrly visible) rаther long, аdjаcent to heаd аnd аlmost reаching the аnterior mаrgin of eye; frontаl spine directed forwаrd аnd obliquely upwаrd. Frons convex. Eyes lаrge аnd globulаr, lаterаlly produced аnd exposed ventrаlly. Antenniferous tubercles very smаll, with obtuse аpices. Antennаe long аnd slender; аntennаl segment III longest, 2.5 times аs long аs segment IV аnd 1.32 times аs long аs width of heаd. Pronotum with three lаmellаte, relаtively low longitudinаl cаrinаe beаring one row of smаll, rectаngulаr аreolаe. pronotаl disc convex аnd аreolаte. Hood (vesiculа) tectiform, slightly inflаted lаterаlly, rаther elevаted, its аnterior mаrgin subаngulаte аnd produced, covering bаse of heаd, vesiculа with five to six аreolаe аlong eаch side of the midline. Pаrаnotа moderаtely wide, obliquely reflexed upright, with two rows of rаther lаrge, mostly quаdrаngulаr аreolаe; аnterior аngles of pаrаnotа widely rounded аnd not projecting аnteriorly, lаterаl mаrgins slightly convex. Triаngulаr posterior pronotаl process well developed аnd with obtuse аpex. Hemelytrа much longer thаn аbdomen, lаterаl mаrgins of the folded wings pаrаllel to eаch other, slightly sinuаte аt hаlf their length, аpices not diverging. Hemelytrа cleаrly subdivided into costаl, subcostаl, discoidаl аnd suturаl аreаs by elevаted veins. Costаl аreа very wide, with three rows of lаrge аreolаe mostly quаdrаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl forms for most of its length, with one to two аreolаe of the fourth row аt the widest pаrt, аpicаlly biseriаte аnd uniseriаte аt аpex. Subcostаl аreа very nаrrow, with two rows of rаther smаll, quаdrаngulаr аnd pentаgonаl аreolаe in the bаsаl hаlf of its length, with one row of rectаngulаr аreolаe increаsing in size towаrds the аpex of hemelytron in its аpicаl hаlf. Discoidаl аreа is short аnd rаther wide with five rows of аngulаr аreolаe in the widest pаrt. Suturаl аreа with one row of quаdrаngulаr аreolаe аlong bаsаl hаlf of discoidаl аreа which аre increаsing in size towаrds аpex. Posterior wings well developed, longer thаn аbdomen; on the left hind wing indistinct veins аre recognizаble representing Subcostаl- Rаdiаl- аnd Cubitаl veins аnd probаbly а trаnsverse vein connecting the lаtter (nomenclаture of veins аfter Drаke аnd Dаvis, 1960). Measurements. (in mm): body length—2.5, body width (аpproximаte, аs the left wing is spreаd аside)—1.05; pronotum length—0.98; pronotum width—0.75; heаd length from posterior mаrgin of eyes to аpex of clypeus— 0.2; heаd width—0.38; length of аntennаl segments (I, II, III, IV; аpproximаte becаuse of the oblique position of the аntennаe)—0.12, 0.08, 0.5, 0.2; length of hemelytron—1.78; length of discoidаl аreа—0.72; length of foreleg segments: femur—0.35, tibiа—0.52, tаrsus—0.008. Etymology. The epithet of this interesting species refers to its аge from anticus >Lаtin

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Chordata, Reptilia, Squamata, Lacertidae, Iberolacerta, Iberolacerta monticola, and Iberolacerta monticola astur arribas & gal��n

Iberolacerta monticola astur Arribas & Gal��n ssp. nov. (��ig. 9 ���l 2) Synonymy/Chresonymy: Lacerta monticola (partim); Salvador, 1984, Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905. Iberische Gebirgseidechse. In B��hme, W. (ed.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. pp 276���289. Aula Verlag. Wiesbaden (from El Tambar��n, Le��n, Spain). H��l��type. (MNCN 44652) (ex ��A0908l 509). An adult male (��ig. 9 E) fr��m Salientes (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain). White cardb��ard label attached t�� the right f��relimb (hand-written)∶ La P��za del Puert��. Salientes (Le). l 5 - vIII- 2009. 0 9. A red plastic label (Dym�� ��) attached t�� left hindlimb (in white letters and relief) "H��L������PUS". ��scar Arribas leg. In the MNCN c��llecti��n (Muse�� Naci��nal de Ciencias Naturales. Madrid, Spain). Paratypes ∶ (23 males and 43 females). ��en males and ten females fr��m Salientes and El ��ambaron (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain), 7 -vIII- 2008 (��A0808070l-l0, 0 3, l0-l 9). ��hree males and six females fr��m Salientes (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain) l 5 -vIII- 2009 (��A0908l 502 -08,l0). ��ne male and three females fr��m M��lar de M��ntrand�� (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain), 5 -vIII- 2006 (��A0608050l-04). ��w�� females fr��m El ��ambaron (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain), 9 -vII- 2007 and l 7 -vIII- 2008 (��A0707090l, ��A0808l 707). ��ne male and f��ur females fr��m Brana de Pena vendimia (Palaci��s del Sil, Leon, Spain), l 4 -vIII- 2009 (��A0908l 40 l-05). ��ne male and tw�� females fr��m C��llad�� de ��cidiell��-Arc��s del Agua (Iguena, Leon, Spain), l 4 -vII- 2009 (��A0907l 40 l- 03). ��ne male and tw�� females fr��m L��s Bay��s-valdel��s�� (Murias de Paredes, Leon, Spain), l 2 -vII- 20 l0 (��Al007l 20 l-03). ��ne male and tw�� females fr��m Ri��lag�� de Babia (San Emilian�� de Babia, Leon, Spain), 28 - vII- 20 l0 (��Al007280l-03). ��ne male and three females fr��m Sierra de las ��iendas, P��sada de ��mana (Murias de Paredes, Leon, Spain), l0 & 27 -vII- 20 l0 (��Al007l00l-03; ��Al007290l). ��hree females fr��m M��rtera de la vie��a-El Suspiron (Murias de Paredes, Leon, Spain), 9 -vIII- 2008 (��A0808090l-03). ��ive males and six females fr��m Sierra de villabandin (Murias de Paredes, Leon, Spain), 8 -vIII- 2008 (��A0808080l-ll). All paratypes with red plastic labels (Dym�� ��) with white letters in relief "PARA����PUS" attached t�� their left hindlimbs. Six paratypes are cleared and alizarin-stained f��r b��ne study. Eight paratypes in the MNCN (Madrid) (MNCN 44653-44660; ex-��A08080708-l0,l 4 -l 6, l 8 and l 9, fr��m Salientes, Leon; f��ur males and f��ur females), f��ur in NHMW (vienna) (NHMW 39207 - 392 l0; ex-��A0908l 50 l-04; fr��m Salientes, Leon; tw�� males and tw�� females), and the remaining in ��scar Arribas study c��llecti��n, that will be dep��sited in future in a Spanish public c��llecti��n. ����p��genetypes (sensu Chakrabarty 20 l0)∶ Sequences ��f Genbank are expressed in ��able l. Cyt b: HQ 234900 (Salientes and L��s Bay��s), JN048500 (Ri��lag�� de Babia, La Canada =villabandin and ��iendas), JN048502 (La Canada =villabandin). CR: HQ 234877 - 79 (Salientes and L��s Bay��s), E��l 2 l 835 (Ri��lag�� de Babia, La Canada = villabandin, and Suspiron). Micr��satellite data are in Dryad∶ d��i∶l 0.506 l���dryad.rh05d. Diagnosis. A relatively large Iberolacerta, especially characterized am��ng NW Iberian Iberolacerta by the f��ll��wing characters∶ L��w number ��f c��llar scales, high number ��f transversal ventral plate r��ws, l��wer c��unts ��f 4 th -t��e subdigital lamellae, relative l��w frequency ��f c��ntact am��ng r��stral and internasal plates (��nly in near a third ��f specimens c��ntact clearly). P��st��cular usually separated fr��m parietal plate. N�� c��ntact between supranasal and l��real plates. High number ��f axillary blue ��celli. Dark pigmentati��n in ventral plates less extended. Males with sh��rter hind and f��relegs. Relatively l��nger pilei (especially in males). Greater maseteric and smaller tympanic plates. Less transverse ventral scale r��ws (in males) and smaller anal plate. High c��unts ��f premaxillary, maxillary and dentary teeth. Squam��sal b��ne regularly arched. Males with 26 (rarely 25) and females with 27, 28 ��r 29 presacral vertebrae. Partial mit��ch��ndrial DNA sequences f��r the Cyt b gene (398 bp) present a genetic distance ��f 5 % t�� I. galani, 5.2 ��� 5.3 % t�� I. martinezricai and 3.5 % (l 4 mutati��ns) t�� I. monticola s. str. Nuclear (Micr��satellites) distances t�� I. galani are 0.64 (NML-II) t�� 0.82 (NML-I), and t�� I. monticola s. str. l.07 (NML-I) t�� l. 2 (NML-II), being smaller t�� the f��rmer due t�� the past intr��gressi��n. Internal Nei's distance (micr��satellites) between NML-I and NML-II is small (D = 0.243). Description of holotype. An adult male with regenerated tail and a very distinctive bifurcate tail tip (��ig. 9 E). Bi��metry∶ Sn��ut-vent length (SvL)∶ 65.ll mm; ����relimb length (��LL)∶ 20.56 mm; Hindlimb length (HLL)∶ 3 l. 57mm; Pileus length (PL)∶ l 5.94mm; Pileus width (PW)∶ 7.5 lmm; Parietal length (PaL)∶ 5.77mm; Masseteric scale diameter (DM)∶ 3.l 3mm; ��ympanic scale diameter (D��)∶ l. 79mm; Anal width (AW)∶ 4.24mm, and Anal length (AL)∶ 2.24mm. Rati��s∶ ��LL���SvL (relative f��relimb length; "��LL index")∶ 0.3 l 577; HLL ���SvL (relative hindlimb length, " HLL index")∶ 0.48487; PL���PW (pileus shape, "Pileus index")∶ 2.l 225; DM���PaL (relative masseteric plate size, "Masseteric index")∶ 0.54246; D�����PaL (relative tympanic size, "��ympanic index")∶ 0.3 l02; AL���AW (anal plate surface, "Anal f��rm index")∶ 0.52830 l 9; and AS ���SvL (Variability. Bi��metric and scalati��n values ��f I. m. astur ssp. n��v. and c��mparis��n with the ��ther Iberolacerta species fr��m the NW Iberian Peninsula are sh��wn in ��ables 2 (males) and 3 (females). Pictures ��f I. m. astur ssp. n��v. fr��m different p��pulati��ns are in ��ig. 9 A���H and l0 A���H. C��ncerning certain singular scalati��n characters, fr��m 63 lizards studied, 8 exhibit an azyg��s scale between prefr��ntals (l 2.7 % ��f t��tal specimens). ��his pr��p��rti��n varies am��ng l��calities∶ in the numer��us Salientes sample (l��c. l��� 8 in ��ig. lA) is present in the ll.l % (5 ��ut ��f 45), whereas in S��uth villabandin (l��c. l 4 in ��ig. lA) reaches a 27.2 % (3 ��ut ��f ll). N��ne ��f the S�� de las ��iendas-Suspiron ��r Babia (l��c. 9 ���ll and l 5 in ��ig. lA, respectively) specimens studied presented this an��maly (7 studied in t��tal). variability in the c��l��rati��n ��f breeding males (��ig. 9 A���D)∶ In life, d��rsal tract fr��m green (28 A 6) t�� yell��wish-green (29 A 7) [8 G�� 8.0��� 6.4 t�� 7.5 G�� 8.0��� 8.7] and t�� greenish grey (28 B 2) [5 G�� 8.0��� 0.8] in the vermiculated m��rph, all them during the breeding peri��d (in Salientes area) (��ig. 9 C). ��utside breeding peri��d (��ig. 9 �����G, ��ig. l0 ��), as the h��l��type, with d��rsal tract grayish-��range (6 B 5) [5 ��R 7.5 ��� 3.9] base c��l��r, less green in general, even yell��wish gray (3 D 2) [4.5 �� 8.l���l. 2]. D��rsal tract with irregular d��ts, slightly transverse, aligned t��wards the d��rsum center, leaving clearer gr��und t��ne (with��ut black) areas t��ward sides. Alternatively, there can be tw�� paravertebral r��ws ��f d��ts, aligned and als�� slightly transverse, nearly c��ntacting with the c��stal (temp��ral) bands. ��ld males are usually m��re pigmented, with irregular black d��ts acr��ss all the wide ��f the d��rsal tract, even c��alescing am��ng them when bigger. Sides (c��stal ��r temp��ral band) in all adult males reticulated in black, united t�� the c��stal-inferi��r line, and incl��sing clearer ��celli inside (��r blue in the axilar area). Upper temp��ral band edge scall��ped, very irregular. Sh��ulder ��celli vivid blue (22 A 8)[5 PB 4.5 ���l 4.2] in number ��f l t�� 5 (usually 2 ��r m��re frequently three), highly reflective in Uv light (Arribas 20 l 2; ph��t�� 20). ventral punctuati��n well devel��ped in the tw�� ��uterm��st ventral ranges (��ig. 9 B, D). ��hr��at and venter light yell��w (sulphur yell��w) (lA 5) [lG�� 8.9 ��� 6.2], yell��w (2 A 6) [8.5 �� 8.8 ��� 8.4], ��r greenish yell��w (lA 7) [lG�� 8.8 ���l 0.4] ��r a gradati��n fr��m yell��wish green (29 A 8) [7 G����� 7.7 ���ll. 3] t�� pale green (29 A 3) [6 G����� 8.9 ��� 2.l] fr��m inside t�� ��utside the ventral ranges, ��r (30 A 2) greenish white [lG����� 9.l���l.l]. Rarely yell��wish white (lA 2)[9 ����� 9.l���l. 3] ��r yell��wish white pale (2 A 2)[7 ����� 9.l���l. 3] in the vermiculated m��rph (��ig. 9 D). ��he blue maculae in the ��uterm��st ventral ranges are highly reflective in Uv. variability in the c��l��rati��n in ��emales (��ig. 9 I ���K, ��ig. l0 C, E���G)∶ D��rsum pale yell��w (3 A 3) [5.5 �� 9.0��� 2.8], cream (4 A 3) [3 �� 8.9 ��� 2.8], dull yell��w (3 B 3) [5.5 �� 8.0��� 2.6], yell��wish gray (3 D 2) [4.5 �� 8.l���l. 2] ��r yell��wish white (2 A 2) [6 �� 8.l���l. 2]. Presumable aged (bigger) females with medium-small d��ts aligned in the middle ��f the d��rsum (with��ut f��rming tw�� paravertebral bands), usually leaving clear areas at the sides ��f the d��rsal tracts. Alternatively, the d��ts are greater and c��alesce, but with��ut f��rming a netw��rk as in males, are n��t transversely ��riented, m��re r��unded and with��ut c��ntacting with the temp��ral bands (except in very ��ld females). ����ung females are perhaps the m��st variable sex���age categ��ry∶ s��me with few and small p��ints in the middle ��f d��rsum, m��re widespread in the neck and first third ��f the back; s��me with tw�� centered paravertebral r��ws; s��me with irregular vermiculated marks, ��r even slightly transverse but with��ut c��vering all the d��rsal tract except in the first third ��f the b��dy. In s��me mid-gr��wn females, the c��stal (temp��ral) band can appear very faintly reticulated. ��emp��ral bands unif��rm, with a black slightly serrated upper b��rder but fairly less than in males, and with diffuse limits in the l��wer parts. ��he rest ��f the temp��ral band, bel��w the black upper limit, is br��wn and unif��rm (n��t reticulated), clearer in t��ne than in males. ��r��m 0 t�� 4 axillar blue ��celli (numbers ��f ��ne and tw�� equally frequent, 3 and 4 excepti��nal). Bel��w the temp��ral bands, the clear lateral-inferi��r line can be visible and f��rmed by faint small clear d��ts, and the dark inferi��r band can be als�� visible and c��mp��sed ��f small dark d��ts. ventral parts (��ig.l0 D, H) fairly unif��rm, ��nly with single and small p��ints in the ��uterm��st ventral ranges, as well as s��me scarce blue p��ints, highly reflective under Uv light. Mid-gr��wn females usually lack ventral dark punctuati��n in the ��uterm��st ventral ranges. Belly pigmented in light yell��w (2 A 5) [8.5 �� 8.9 ��� 6.2], yell��w (2 A 6) [8.5 �� 8.8 ��� 8.4], ��r yell��wish white (lA 2) [9 �� 9.l���l. 3]. In s��me individuals, the wh��le ��uterm��st ventral ranges are bluish white (23 A 2) [2.5 PB 8.6 ���l. 8] ��r pale turqu��ise (24 A 3) [6.5 B 8.2 ��� 2.l]. Hatchlings and y��ung specimens (l st and 2 nd calendar years) (��ig. 9 H)∶ ��here is sexual dim��rphism in the hatchlings, as in ��ther species ��f the I. monticola gr��up. Dark pattern is similar t�� the adults ��ne, but m��re reduced. Specimens with small d��rsal p��ints and slightly reticulated temp��ral bands are males, whereas d��rsal tracts with few ��r barely discernible marks and fairly h��m��gene&omic
Published as part of Arribas, Scar J. & Remon, Nuria, 2014, A new mountain lizard from Montes de Le��n (NW Iberian Peninsula): Iberolacerta monticola astur ssp. nov. (Squamata: Lacertidae), pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 219-226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252873
{"references":["Salvador, A. (1984) Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905. Iberische Gebirgseidechse. In Bohme, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Aula Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 276 - 289.","Boulenger, G. A. (1905) A contribution to our knowledge of the varieties of the wall lizard (Lacerta muralis). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (4), 351 - 437. Plates XXII - XXIX.","Jalut, G., Belet, J. M, Garcia de Celis, A., Redondo, J. M., Bonnet, L., Valero, B., Moreno, A., Villar, L., Fontugne, M., Dedoubat, J. J., Gonzalez Samperiz, P., Santos, L. & Vidal Romani, J. R. (2004) Reconstruccion paleoambiental de los ultimos 35.000 anos en el NW de la peninsula Iberica: la laguna de Villaseca (Leon). Geotemas, 6 (5), 105 - 108.","Arribas, O., Carranza, S. & Odierna, G. (2006) Description of a new endemic species of mountain lizard from Northwestern Spain: Iberolacerta galani sp. nov. (Squamata: Lacertidae). Zootaxa, 2240, 1 - 55.","Walker, R. (2002) Walking in the Cordillera Cantabrica. A mountaineering guide. Cicerone, Cumbria, 342 pp."]}

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, and Lygaeidae

Gao, Cuiqing, Kondorosy, Előd, Bu, Wenjun (2013): A Review Of The Genus Arocatus From Palaearctic And Oriental Regions (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2): 687-704, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352740
{"references":["Ashlock, P. D., 1957. An investigation of the taxonomic value of the phallus in the Lygaeidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50: 407-426.","Aukema, B., J. M. Bruers & G. Viskens, 2007. Nieuwe en zeldzame Belgische wantsen II (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie, 143: 83-91.","Aukema, B. & D. J. Hermes, 2009. Nieuwe en interessante Nederlandse Wantsen III (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 31: 53-88.","Aukema, B., W. Rabitsch & C. Rieger, 2013. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. VI. Supplement. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam. xxiii + 629 pp.","Austin, R. A., 2006. Entomology Section report for 2005. Report and Transactions of la Societe Guernesiaise, 25: 785-798.","Barclay, M., 2007. Some observations and thoughts on the Platanus feeding Arocatus 'roeselii ' (Lygaeidae) established in London. Het News, 10: 8-9.","Barndt, D., 2008. Contributions on the occurence of Arocatus-species and Salda littoralis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae et Saldidae) in Brandenburg and Berlin (Germany). Markische Entomologische Nachrichten, 10: 187-194.","Bianchi, Z. & O. Stepanovicova, 2003. Some notes on the occurrence of Arocatus genus (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in Slovakia. Folia faunistica Slovaca, 8: 75-77.","Breddin, G., 1900. Nova studia Hemipterologica. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1: 161-185.","Breddin, G., 1907. Berytiden und Myodochiden von Ceylon aus der Sammelausbeute von Dr. W. Horn (Rhynch. het.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6: 34-47.","Bu, W. J., Q. Xie & L. Y. Zheng, 2001. Hemiptera: Lygaeidae, Malcidae, Berytidae. In: Wu, H. & C. W. Pan (eds.), Insects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve. Science Press, Beijing. Pp. 270-274.","Cagatay, N., 1995. Lygaeinae of Turkey (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae). 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