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POSTAGE stamps, NOBEL Prizes, NOBEL Prize in Chemistry, STAMP collecting, ANALYTICAL chemistry, ORGANIC chemistry awards, NATURAL products, BIOCHEMISTRY, and AWARDS

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Philately, Part II, is a review of the stamps issued in different countries to commemorate the Nobel Prizes in analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, natural products and biochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ORGANIC chemistry, ORGANIC fertilizers, UREA as fertilizer, POTASSIUM fertilizers, AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS, and UREA

PHOTONS, PHYSICAL organic chemistry, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry, and NUCLEAR spin

This Perspective presents a review and survey of the science and philosophy of my research career over the past five decades at Columbia as a physical organic chemist and photochemist. I explore the role of paradigms, structure, and geometric thinking in my own cognitive and intellectual development. The Perspective describes my investigations of high energy content molecules in electronically excited states and the development of electronic spin and supramolecular photochemistry chemistry. Current research dealing with the nuclear spin chemistry of H2 incarcerated in buckyballs is illustrated. In the second part of this Perspective, I recount a personal role of the philosophy and history of science and the scientific communities' use of paradigms in their every day research and intellectual activities. Examples are given of the crucial role of geometry and structure in the rapid development of organic chemistry and physical organic chemistry over the past century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POLYMER research and MASS spectrometry

Examines proposed partial least squares (PLS) multivariate statistical models for predicting concentration of hydrocarbon- and oxygen-containing functional groups for a calibration set of model homopolymers. Plasma-deposited films; Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); PLS modeling; Preprocessing; Prediction of surface oxygen and hydrogen concentration.

COMPOSITION of water, POLYMERS, CATALYSTS, INORGANIC chemistry, and POWER resources

The article discusses research on how the light-induced splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen generates storable polymers and chemical fuels that could be used to address the world's energy demands. Particular attention is also given to the use of inorganic materials as semiconductor catalysts for such splits.

SOIL chemistry and NITROGEN

Studies the effects of nitrogen-enriched rock powder on soil chemistry. Relationship higher cellulose rate nitrogen application rate.

QUANTUM dots, NONIONIC surfactants, ORGANIC synthesis, IONIC surfactants, SEMICONDUCTOR nanoparticles, ORGANIC semiconductors, and PHOSPHINES

Efficient conversion of light from short wavelengths to longer wavelengths using color conversion layers (CCLs) underpins the successful operation of numerous contemporary display and lighting technologies. Inorganic quantum dots, based on CdSe or InP, for example, have received much attention in this context, however, suffer from instability and toxic cadmium or phosphine chemistry. Organic nanoparticles (NPs), though less often studied, are capable of very competitive performance, including outstanding stability and water-processability. Surfactants, which are critical in stabilizing many types of nano-structures, have not yet been used extensively in organic NPs. Here we show the utility of surfactants in the synthesis and processing of organic NPs by thoroughly characterizing the effect of ionic and non-ionic surfactants on the properties of fluorescent organic NPs. Using this information, we identify surfactant processing conditions that result in nearly 100 % conversion of organic fluorophores into sub-micrometer particles, or nano-dots, with outstanding performance as CCLs. Such water dispersions are environmentally benign and efficiently convert light. They can be used for a range of fluorophores covering a full spectral gamut, with excellent color purity, including full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values as low as 21 nm. Compared to inorganic (InP) reference CCLs, the organic nano-dot based CCLs show superior color conversion efficiency and substantially improved long-term stability. Compared to inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles aren't as well understood. Here the authors explore the use of surfactants to prepare organic semiconductor nanoparticles with outstanding photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]