articles+ search results

QUANTUM dots, NONIONIC surfactants, ORGANIC synthesis, IONIC surfactants, SEMICONDUCTOR nanoparticles, ORGANIC semiconductors, and PHOSPHINES

Efficient conversion of light from short wavelengths to longer wavelengths using color conversion layers (CCLs) underpins the successful operation of numerous contemporary display and lighting technologies. Inorganic quantum dots, based on CdSe or InP, for example, have received much attention in this context, however, suffer from instability and toxic cadmium or phosphine chemistry. Organic nanoparticles (NPs), though less often studied, are capable of very competitive performance, including outstanding stability and water-processability. Surfactants, which are critical in stabilizing many types of nano-structures, have not yet been used extensively in organic NPs. Here we show the utility of surfactants in the synthesis and processing of organic NPs by thoroughly characterizing the effect of ionic and non-ionic surfactants on the properties of fluorescent organic NPs. Using this information, we identify surfactant processing conditions that result in nearly 100 % conversion of organic fluorophores into sub-micrometer particles, or nano-dots, with outstanding performance as CCLs. Such water dispersions are environmentally benign and efficiently convert light. They can be used for a range of fluorophores covering a full spectral gamut, with excellent color purity, including full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values as low as 21 nm. Compared to inorganic (InP) reference CCLs, the organic nano-dot based CCLs show superior color conversion efficiency and substantially improved long-term stability. Compared to inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles aren't as well understood. Here the authors explore the use of surfactants to prepare organic semiconductor nanoparticles with outstanding photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, various drug candidates have been developed, molnupiravir (MK-4482 and EIDD-2801), which is a new orally anti-viral agent under development for the treatment of COVID-19, is under study in the final stage of the clinical trial. Molnupiravir enhances the replication of viral RNA mutations in animals and humans. Due to the high demand for the synthesis of this drug, it was essential to develop an efficient and suitable synthetic pathway from raw material. In this study, molecular docking analysis on molnupiravir is examined also, the mechanism of action (MOA) and the recent synthetic pathway is reported. This review will be helpful to different disciplines such as medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ANTIFUNGAL agent synthesis, STRUCTURE-activity relationships, ORGANIC chemistry, RUTHENIUM catalysts, BIOACTIVE compounds, PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry, and HETEROCYCLIC compounds

A pharmacophore system has been found as 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocycle ring with nitrogen heteroatoms. These heterocyclic compounds can be produced using azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes catalyzed by ruthenium or copper. The bioactive compounds demonstrated antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. This heterocycle molecule, in particular, with one or more 1,2,3-triazole cores has been found to have the most powerful antifungal effects. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of this prospective fungicidal chemical. Also there have been explained drugs and mechanism of action of a triazole compound with antifungal activity. This review will be useful in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, mycology, and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ORGANIC chemistry, ORGANIC fertilizers, UREA as fertilizer, POTASSIUM fertilizers, AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS, and UREA

Freshwater lakes are essential hotspots for the removal of excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads transported from the land to coastal oceans. The biogeochemical processes responsible for N removal, the corresponding transformation rates and overall removal efficiencies differ between lakes, however, it is unclear what the main controlling factors are. Here, we investigated the factors that moderate the rates of N removal under contrasting trophic states in two lakes located in central Switzerland. In the eutrophic Lake Baldegg and the oligotrophic Lake Sarnen, we specifically examined seasonal sediment porewater chemistry, organic matter sedimentation rates, as well as 33-year of historic water column data. We find that the eutrophic Lake Baldegg, which contributed to the removal of 20 ± 6.6 gN m−2 year−1, effectively removed two-thirds of the total areal N load. In stark contrast, the more oligotrophic Lake Sarnen contributed to 3.2 ± 4.2 gN m−2 year−1, and had removed only one-third of the areal N load. The historic dataset of the eutrophic lake revealed a close linkage between annual loads of dissolved N (DN) and removal rates (NRR = 0.63 × DN load) and a significant correlation of the concentration of bottom water nitrate and removal rates. We further show that the seasonal increase in N removal rates of the eutrophic lake correlated significantly with seasonal oxygen fluxes measured across the water–sediment interface (R2 = 0.75). We suggest that increasing oxygen enhances sediment mineralization and stimulates nitrification, indirectly enhancing denitrification activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUSTAINABLE chemistry, ORGANIC synthesis, CHEMICAL engineering, CHEMICAL processes, INORGANIC chemistry, AMMONIUM sulfate, and METHACRYLATES

Keywords: green chemistry; industrial chemistry; organic synthesis; synthetic methods EN green chemistry industrial chemistry organic synthesis synthetic methods 1865 1869 5 01/29/21 20210126 NES 210126 B Making industry greener b : Many principles for the economic production of organic bulk chemicals, the syntheses of which have potentially the highest environmental impact, currently overlap with principles of green chemistry. For about 93 % of the 250 million tons organic chemicals produced annually by oxidation, oxygen is used as the oxidant, in most cases in combination with catalysts to achieve appropriate selectivities.[3] I Addressed Principles of Green Chemistry: Prevent Waste, Atom Economy, Reduce Derivatives, Catalysis vs. Getting Greener: Propylene Oxide O SB 2 sb is not always the most efficient oxidant, as shown in the different synthetic routes to valuable propylene oxide (Scheme 4).[5] The chlorohydrin process uses chlorine and produces CaCl SB 2 sb as the by-product and is therefore not that green. This would allow the entry into a circular economy.[18, 19] Certain initiatives involving large chemical producers were recently started to introduce a circular economy based on chemcycling in order to replace the current linear use of feedstocks.[20] Greener alternatives should also be as economic as possible. [Extracted from the article]

ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, ORGANIC chemistry, POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL processes, AMMONIUM sulfate, and CLOUD condensation nuclei

Keywords: atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry; multiphase chemistry; organic pollutants; inorganic species; kinetic studies; mechanistic studies; chemical mechanisms; modeling EN atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry multiphase chemistry organic pollutants inorganic species kinetic studies mechanistic studies chemical mechanisms modeling 3 3 1 02/02/21 20210101 NES 210101 The Atmosphere Special Issue "Atmospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry" comprises ten original articles dealing with different aspects of chemistry in atmospheric liquid water. Dissolved species from the soluble aerosol fraction as well as soluble trace gases undergo chemical reactions in the aqueous phase via different mechanisms, usually yielding different products from those in the gas phase. Their rough estimations showed that the gas-phase reactions of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) with OH or NO SB 3 sb radicals dominate over the aqueous-phase reaction with SO SB 4 sb SP - sp in deliquescent aerosol and haze. [Extracted from the article]

HIGH throughput screening (Drug development), COMBINATORIAL chemistry, ORGANIC chemistry, EXPECTED returns, ANIMAL species, and NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Drug development from natural products precedes human history by thousands of years. Mankind has learned to take the advantages of such discovered principles by nature which they now used to treat human diseases. Since, owing to the close evolutionary history with plants and animals species, many metabolites that they produce, mimics the human biological activities such as the neurotransmitters, enzymes and hormones. Therefore, many metabolites that plants and animals produce are now used by human being to treat the diseases like diabetes, cancer, microbial infections and Alzheimer's disease. The advent of combinatorial chemistry, organic chemistry and high throughput screening (HTS) has developed many lead molecules to treat human diseases. Unfortunately, these renewed techniques did not bring any expected returns in terms of new drug discoveries and therefore many researchers have shifted their research efforts back to the natural products to discover and develop the multidimensional and multibroadspectrum medicines using genomic engineering, combinatorial mucobiosynthesis and modern analytical techniques. In the present review, we have discussed comprehensively the journey of modern medicines with their prospects and promises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ORGANIC synthesis, SPECTROMETRY, ASTRONOMICAL observations, and NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Phenylmethanimine is an aromatic imine with a twofold relevance in chemistry: organic synthesis and astrochemistry. To tackle both aspects, a multidisciplinary strategy has been exploited and a new, easily accessible synthetic approach to generate stable imine‐intermediates in the gas phase and in solution has been introduced. The combination of this formation pathway, based on the thermal decomposition of hydrobenzamide, with a state‐of‐the‐art computational characterization of phenylmethanimine laid the foundation for its first laboratory observation by means of rotational electric resonance spectroscopy. Both E and Z isomers have been accurately characterized, thus providing a reliable basis to guide future astronomical observations. A further characterization has been carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing the feasibility of this synthetic approach in solution. The temperature dependence as well as possible mechanisms of the thermolysis process have been examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTING & indexing services, BIBLIOMETRICS, ORGANIC chemistry, COMPUTER software, DATABASES, INTERNET, LANGUAGE & languages, NEEDS assessment, PROFESSIONAL peer review, PUBLISHING, SERIAL publications, INFORMATION resources, ACCESS to information, PERIODICAL articles, and IMPACT factor (Citation analysis)

Subject librarians are well-positioned to apply and teach searching techniques using online library resources for assisting researchers and scholars on where to publish. A bibliometric analysis was used to compare four premier letters journals in organic chemistry: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Letters in Organic Chemistry, Organic Letters, and Tetrahedron Letters. The objective of this study is to develop a routine methodology for evaluating and comparing journals with a similar scope based on researchers' immediate needs. The study provides a practical guide to help organic chemists decide where to submit a short article for publication. For initial comparative purposes, general parameters, such as subscription rate, open access availability and article processing charge, field categories, language, maximum page length, citation style, peer-review type, review time, publication frequency, impact factor, journal h-index, acceptance rate, and database coverage were obtained from various online resources. Between 1999 and 2016, a total of 20,675 articles from Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1,732 articles from Letters in Organic Chemistry, 24,889 articles from Organic Letters, and 34,380 articles from Tetrahedron Letters were retrieved from the advanced search option in Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded). The articles were examined by year, language, country, and organization. The VOSviewer software was employed for an in-depth map analysis of the research topics covered in each journal derived from key terms in article titles. The SciFinder database was used to compare similarities and differences from the articles in each letters journal through Chemical Abstracts indexing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the sustainable developments of life and society, various problems such as environmental, energy, and biohealth issues must be solved by a wide range of scientific and technical efforts. Therefore, the fabrication of functional materials and systems with strategic intelligence is required. As seen in the evolution processes in nature, self‐assembling processes are capable of creating highly intelligent materials and systems. This task would be taken by an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics, through the combination of nanotechnology concepts with other scientific disciplines such as materials science, supramolecular chemistry, organic chemistry, and bio‐related science and technology. Herein, several examples are presented to overview intelligent nanoarchitectonics for the creation of functional materials and systems mainly through self‐assembly in various scale ranges. These examples are classified into several sections according to atom‐level, molecular‐level, materials‐level, and life‐level intelligent assembly, where several key items such as atom switch devices, molecular switches, molecular machines, shape‐shifting and shape‐specified assemblies, and cell control at interfaces are included. Discussions on these examples show a high possibility of the nanoarchitectonics' approach in intelligent fabrication of functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLICK chemistry, ORGANIC synthesis, FLUORIDES, CHEMICAL amplification, MATERIALS science, and DESULFURIZATION

The sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange reaction (SuFEx), developed by Sharpless and co-workers in 2014, is a new category of click reaction that creates molecular connections with absolute reliability and unprecedented efficiency through a sulfur(VI) hub. Ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF), as one of the most important sulfur(VI) hubs, exhibits extraordinary reactivity in SuFEx click chemistry and organic synthesis. This review summarizes the chemical properties and applications of ESF in click chemistry, organic chemistry, materials science, medicinal chemistry and in many other fields related to organic synthesis. 1 Introduction 2 Chemical Transformations of ESF 3 Chemical Transformations of 2-Arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides 4 Novel SuFEx Reagents Derived from ESF 5 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry 6 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Materials Science 7 Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of alternating current is advantageous in energy transfer over long distances. It is a well-known fact now, but subject of long conflict in the era of pioneering works in electric power production. There are also some processes in physical chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, in biochemistry and related sciences, which take place in opposite directions, with consecutive alternations in time. However, the very existence of alternate reactions, now known as the oscillatory or oscillating reactions, has long been disputed because it was thought that it is contrary to the basic principles of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, according to our knowledge, there are no oscillatory reactions without catalytic loop as the essential part of a mechanism. There could be a fundamental rule that catalysis is necessary to generate oscillations in concentrations and reaction rates. Particularly, homogeneous oscillatory reactions are often subject of research as relatively simple systems with good chance to clearly define feedbacks responsible for instability phenomena. However, oscillations can at least equally often be found in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Recently, changes in product selectivity was proved when Pd catalyzed carbonylation of phenylacetylene was moved to the oscillatory dynamic state. With this simple result, the doors are now open for wide spectrum of research projects and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterns of co-authorship provide an effective means of probing the structures of research communities. In this paper, we use the CiteSpace social network tool and co-authorship data from the Web of Science to analyse two such types of community. The first type is based on the cited publications of a group of highly productive authors in a particular discipline, and the second on the uncited publications of those highly productive authors. These pairs of communities were generated for three different countries—the People's Republic of China (PRC), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA)—and for four different disciplines (as denoted by Web of Science subject categories)—Chemistry Organic, Engineering Environmental, Economics, and Management. In the case of the UK and USA, the structures of the cited and uncited communities in each of the four disciplines were markedly different from each other; in the case of the PRC, conversely, the cited and uncited PRC communities had broadly similar structures that were characterised by large groups of connected authors. We suggest that this may arise from a greater degree of guest or honorary authorship in the PRC than in the UK or the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, CARBON absorption & adsorption, PHOTOCHEMICAL curing, COMBUSTION, and VOLATILE organic compounds

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) has a strong positive, but still controversial, effect on global warming. In particular, BC absorption enhancement (Eabs) due to internal mixing with other chemical species—so-called lensing effect—is poorly assessed. This bottleneck partly relies on the lack of long-term in situ measurements of both the optical and chemical properties of BC-containing particles. Here, we present experimental and computational results showing a significant Eabs increase with the aerosol photochemical aging. This was associated with the production of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosols (SOA), especially at summertime. The 3-year-long continuous aerosol chemical and optical measurements used for the present study was obtained in the Paris region, France, which might be representative of near-future air quality within developing countries. These findings suggest that SOA could represent one of the most critical chemical species to be considered within climate models. Atmospheric chemistry: organic aerosols amplify atmospheric warming from black carbon Tiny remnants of combustion, known as black carbon, absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere—an effect that can be doubled by "lensing" from secondary organic aerosols. A multi-institution team led by Olivier Favez at the Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques conducted a three-year observational and modeling study near Paris. The researchers tested a range of atmospheric constituents and found that secondary organic aerosols—adhered to black carbon particles—are the most important determinant of the enhanced warming. The aerosols are produced by photochemical reactions with a wide variety of natural and human-produced volatile organic compounds, and act to focus solar radiation to the core of the black carbon particle, especially during the particle aging process during summer. The findings—although specific to Paris—provide insights into the specific compounds leading to enhanced warming, and reveal the most effective targets for remediating their effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ORGANOCATALYSIS, ORGANIC chemistry, SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry, NATURAL products, and CHEMICAL reactions

Abstract: Organocatalysis is a growing area that is benefiting from advances in many fields. Its implementation has begun in areas such as supramolecular chemistry, organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. While a considerable number of important publications in the field of organocatalytic Mukaiyama‐type additions have been reported, they are yet to be fully covered in a review. Therefore, we would like to highlight the applications of various kinds of organocatalysts in Mukaiyama‐type reactions, while also including the vinylogous Mukaiyama variation. Herein we describe and discuss the development and current state of the art of the organocatalytic Mukaiyama reaction, vinylogous Mukaiyama and related reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PHYSIOLOGY education, BACHELOR of science degree, and MEDICAL education

Course-level learning objectives and core concepts for undergraduate physiology teaching exist. The next step is to consider how these resources fit into generalizable programlevel guidelines for Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees in Physiology. In the absence of program-level guidelines for Physiology degree programs, we compiled a selective internal report to review degree requirements from 18 peer BS programs entitled "Physiology" in the United States (U.S.). There was a range of zero to three required semesters of math, physics, physics laboratory, general biology, biology laboratory, general chemistry, chemistry laboratory, organic chemistry, organic chemistry laboratory, biochemistry, biochemistry laboratory, anatomy, anatomy laboratory, core systems physiology, and physiology laboratory. Required upper division credits ranged from 11 to 31 and included system-specific, exercise and environmental, clinically relevant, pathology/disease-related, and basic science options. We hope that this information will be useful for all programs that consider themselves to be physiology, regardless of name. Reports such as this can serve as a starting point for collaboration among BS programs to improve physiology undergraduate education and best serve our students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRUG synthesis, DRUG analysis, CHEMISTS, ORGANIC synthesis, and CHEMICAL synthesis

The 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017) was arranged within the celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia from 5-8 September 2017 to get together specialists in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical analysis, screening of bioactive compounds, pharmacology and drug formulations; promote the exchange of scientific results, methods and ideas; and encourage cooperation between researchers from all over the world. The topic of the conference, "Drug Synthesis and Analysis," meant that the symposium welcomed all pharmacists and/or researchers (chemists, analysts, biologists) and students interested in scientific work dealing with investigations of biologically active compounds as potential drugs. The authors of this manuscript were plenary speakers and other participants of the symposium and members of their research teams. The following summary highlights the major points/topics of the meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

METHYLATION, METAL catalysts, and FLUORINATION

Owing to the excellent performance of fluorinated compounds in the areas of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials chemistry, organic chemists have made great efforts towards the selective incorporation of fluorine or fluorinated moieties into organic molecules through nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical, and metal-catalyzed pathways. Impressive progress in fluorination and perfluoroalkylation (especially trifluoromethylation) reactions has been made over the past few decades. However, methods for incorporating lightly fluorinated groups (such as −CF2H) are still underdeveloped, in spite of their important applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This Focus Review summarizes recent developments in metal-catalyzed direct difluoromethylation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRUGS of abuse, SEWAGE disposal plants, and CHEMICAL derivatives

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs encompass a broad range of compounds including opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, anaesthetics, anti-epileptics and mood stabilisers, lysergic compounds, sympathomimetic amines and cocaine derivatives. In this article, we review studies on the occurrence and fate of these drugs in wastewater treatment plants. In general, among various drugs studied, the concentrations and detection frequencies of opioids and cocaine derivatives were the highest in wastewaters. The forensic analysis of wastewaters suggests that cocaine and opioids usage has increased. Given the fact that data on drug usage can be used for making regulatory decisions and policies, this review focuses on understanding the sources and environmental dynamics of neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs. There is a pressing need for more research on the magnitude and extent of illicit drug consumption. The 'sewage epidemiology' approach, currently applied in the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities, is reviewed. The field of wastewater research has been advancing in multipronged paths, incorporating concepts in analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, environmental chemistry, biochemistry, sewage engineering, drug epidemiology and statistics. Future prospects with regard to the occurrence and environmental fate of illicit and psychoactive drugs are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTERMOLECULAR forces, DATA analysis, INSTRUCTIONAL systems design, CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL sciences, and EDUCATION

Connecting abstract science concepts to real-world phenomena and experiences proves difficult for many learners, and intermolecular forces are counted among the more challenging topics because of their abstract nature. Mastery of intermolecular forces is crucial to chemistry, physical science, general biology, and molecular biology, as they influence physical properties of substances, protein folding mechanisms, and the DNA double helix. The intermolecular forces activity presented in this article is designed to foster concept-building through students' use of concrete, manipulative objects, and it was developed to be pedagogically sound. Data analysis via pre- and posttesting and subsequent exam questions indicated that students who had the opportunity to participate in the activity were better able to identify and apply intermolecular forces both immediately after completion of the activity and also at the end of the semester. This activity has broad applicability in its usefulness to AP chemistry or biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, general biology, and molecular biology, as intermolecular forces are relevant to all these content areas. In addition, the intermolecular forces activity is editable so educators from a variety of courses or educational levels could modify it for use to meet their particular instructional goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ORGANIC chemistry research, CHEMICAL synthesis, METAL complexes, CATALYSIS, CHEMISTS, and SCIENTISTS

The article comments on the article "The Reasons Organic Chemistry is Needed for in a Well Developed Country," by I.P. Beletskaya and V.P. Ananikov, published in this journal. It discusses need for a strong effort to get positive results in the fields of Russian chemistry, organic synthesis, and metal complex catalysis; need for the development of new methods and reactions for the formation of desired materials; and role of young researchers in the development of organic chemistry in Russia.

CHEMISTRY, GOLD, and SOLAR cells

The article presents abstracts of research on chemistry which include gold chemistry, organic electronics and solar cells.

VOLATILE organic compounds, OPTICAL properties of atmospheric aerosols, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC research, HYDROCARBONS, GLOBAL temperature changes, and MOUNTAINS

Mean temperature anomalies in the Southeastern United States (SEUS) over the past century have reflected regional cooling hypothesized to be a result of an enhancement of warm season aerosol optical thickness caused by the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Aerosol and gas-phase VOC measurements were made at the Appalachian Atmospheric Interdisciplinary Research (AppalAIR) site in the southern Appalachian mountains of North Carolina during the summer of 2013 in an effort to characterize warm season chemistry. Organic aerosol (OA) chemistry was characterized through a positive matrix factorization analysis resolving a low-volatility, semi-volatile, and isoprene oxidation factor contributing 34 ± 15, 24 ± 12, and 42 ± 17 %, respectively to the total observed OA. Volatile organic compound characterization described chemistry that was typical of rural background levels with periods of elevated hydrocarbon and urban tracer loading that varied with synoptic flow. Chemical, meteorological, and aerosol optical property data suggested that measurements made at the AppalAIR site are representative of background atmospheric chemistry in the SEUS. Annual background secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production in the SEUS was estimated to be 0.15-0.50 GgC yr. Estimates of total and background SOA from this study provide evidence that the SEUS is a region of global significance in the context of global SOA budgets, and can be useful in understanding the extent of anthropogenic enhancement of summertime SOA compared to background levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COMPOSITION of water, POLYMERS, CATALYSTS, INORGANIC chemistry, and POWER resources

The article discusses research on how the light-induced splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen generates storable polymers and chemical fuels that could be used to address the world's energy demands. Particular attention is also given to the use of inorganic materials as semiconductor catalysts for such splits.

MINORITY students, DENTAL schools, DENTAL education, TABLET computers in education, DENTAL Admission Test, HIGHER education, and UNIVERSITY & college admission

The University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Dentistry has piloted two years of an Admissions Enhancement Program (AEP) with students from underrepresented minority groups and/or economically disadvantaged areas of Missouri interested in applying to dental school. The AEP utilizes an innovative online-onsite hybrid format to elevate students' foundational knowledge in biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, and quantitative reasoning. The online component includes interaction with UMKC instructors using tablet technology and Wimba virtual classroom sessions. The onsite component engages students in academic and professional development, enrichment activities targeting skills training, experience in dental labs and clinics, and mentoring in preparing the dental school application, essay writing, and interviewing. Results to date indicate overall program satisfaction among AEP participants and a dental school acceptance rate of 73.7 percent (14/19 students). Participants reported the mock interviews and essay-writing portions contributed to their becoming competitive candidates for the admission process, and the online material enhanced their preparation for the Dental Admission Test (DAT). Pre- and post-AEP data show participant DAT Academic Average scores increased by two points. The school will continue to monitor program participants in subsequent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIOCHEMISTRY periodicals and MAGAZINE covers

Five departments, one common goal:For the past 100 years, the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr has focused above all on chemical catalysis, and this is more true today than ever. Researchers in heterogeneous, homogeneous, and biocatalysis, organometallic chemistry, organic synthesis, as well as theoretical chemistry are occupied with the catalytic transformation of raw materials and pure compounds with the highest possible chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity under conditions that maximize the use of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STREAM chemistry, WATER quality, PHOSPHORUS in water, ORTHOPHOSPHATES, BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand, WATER pollution, FACTOR analysis, and ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature

Anthropogenic activities have led to water quality deterioration in many parts of the world, especially in Northeast China. The current work investigated the spatiotemporal variations of water quality in the Taizi River by multivariate statistical analysis of data from the 67 sampling sites in the mainstream and major tributaries of the river during dry and rainy seasons. One-way analysis of variance indicated that the 20 measured variables (except pH, 5-day biological oxygen demand, permanganate index, and chloride, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus concentrations) showed significant seasonal ( p ≤ 0.05) and spatial ( p < 0.05) variations among the mainstream and major tributaries of the river. Hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the different seasons classified the mainstream and tributaries of the river into three clusters, namely, less, moderately, and highly polluted clusters. Factor analysis extracted five factors from data in the different seasons, which accounted for the high percentage of the total variance and reflected the integrated characteristics of water chemistry, organic pollution, phosphorous pollution, denitrification effect, and nitrogen pollution. The results indicate that river pollution in Northeast China was mainly from natural and/or anthropogenic sources, e.g., rainfall, domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BUSINESS partnerships, PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry, DRUG development, NATURAL products, and BUSINESS enterprises

The article presents the author's views on the increasing partnership between academic and industrial enterprises of pharmaceuticals with an aim of improving drug discovery and development. Various issues discussed includes challenges faced by academic-industrial partnerships, structure of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis and use of natural products in drug development.

IONIC liquids, ELECTROCHEMICAL research, ANALYTICAL chemistry research, ORGANIC synthesis research, BIOCATALYSIS, and HEAT transfer fluids

Copyright of Kemija u Industriji is the property of Croatian Society of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

EXPERIMENTAL methods in education, COORDINATION polymers synthesis, INORGANIC chemistry, TRIAZOLES, LIGANDS, X-ray diffraction, and INFRARED spectra

In the past decade, coordination polymer as an interdisciplinary field has expanded rapidly and aUracted much interest of chemistry and materials. However, to the best of our knowledge, the coordination polymer is not involved in the inorganic chemistry experimental teaching up to now. Herein, on the base of our research, we introduce a synthetic experimental teaching of the synthesis and characterizations of the [Cu2I(DETRZ)]n coordination polymer constructed from 3,5-diethy-1,2,4-triazole ligand and [Cu4I4] cubane-like cluster. The foUowing experimental processes are included in this experiment : the synthesis and separation of triazole ligand, the solvothermal synthesis of coordination polymer, the single-crystal data coHection and solution, the crystal structure description, the powder X-ray diffraction, the infrared spectra analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and so on. The coordination polymer experiment presented in this paper is simple and reliable, which combines the inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and crystaHography, and effectively helps the undergraduates to learn the frontier of inorganic chemistry and coordination chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CARBON compounds, DENITRIFICATION, STABLE isotopes, RIPARIAN plants, and STREAM restoration

Organic carbon is important in regulating ecosystem function, and its source and abundance may be altered by urbanization. We investigated shifts in organic carbon quantity and quality associated with urbanization and ecosystem restoration, and its potential effects on denitrification at the riparian-stream interface. Field measurements of streamwater chemistry, organic carbon characterization, and laboratory-based denitrification experiments were completed at two forested, two restored, and two unrestored urban streams at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site, Maryland, USA. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate loads increased with runoff according to a power-law function that varied across sites. Stable isotopes and molar C:N ratios suggested that stream particulate organic matter (POM) was a mixture of periphyton, leaves, and grass that varied across Site types. Stable-isotope signatures and lipid biomarker analyses of sediments showed that terrestrial organic carbon sources in streams varied as a result of riparian vegetation. Laboratory experiments indicated that organic carbon amendments significantly increased rates of denitrification (35.1 ± 9.4 ng N·[g dry sediment]-1h-1; mean ± SE) more than nitrate amendments (10.4 ± 4.0 ng N·[g dry sediment]-1h-1) across streamflow conditions and sites. Denitrification experiments with naturally occurring carbon sources showed that denitrification was significantly higher with grass clippings from home lawns (1244 ± 331 ng N·g dry sediment-1·h-1, and overall unrestored urban Sites showed significantly higher denitrification rates than restored and forest sites. We found that urbanization influences organic carbon sources and quality in streams, which can have substantial downstream impacts on ecosystem services such as denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing polymers represent a class of materials with built-in capability of rehabilitating damages. The topic has attracted increasingly more attention in the past few years. The on-going research activities clearly indicate that self-healing polymeric materials turn out to be a typical multi-disciplinary area concerning polymer chemistry, organic synthesis, polymer physics, theoretical and experimental mechanics, processing, composites manufacturing, interfacial engineering, etc. The present article briefly reviews the achievements of the groups worldwide, and particularly the work carried out in our own laboratory towards strength recovery for structural applications. To ensure sufficient coverage, thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers, extrinsic and intrinsic self-healing, autonomic and non-autonomic healing approaches are included. Innovative routes that correlate materials chemistry to full capacity restoration are discussed for further development from bioinspired toward biomimetic repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOLID state chemistry, CURRICULUM, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, STRUCTURAL analysis (Science), INORGANIC chemistry, and EDUCATION

The article describes a course in undergraduate solid state chemistry that integrates the main concepts of crystallography which is also considered as an attempt to create a course in applied crystallography. The course introduces structure analysis techniques and links them to courses in inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry to bring the fundamentals of the science closer to chemists, material scientists and biologists. The experience of teaching this course proved that the merging of chemistry and crystallography is synergistic.

The present and prospective use of precious metals (platinum and palladium) in catalyst production is analyzed with allowance made for the appearance of new catalytic technologies. The production of precious metal catalysts in Russia is now being curtailed. Russian companies are reconstructing plants that employ precious metal catalysts and bulding new ones in cooperation with foreign partners who will provide advanced technologies and the necessary catalysts. The proportion of imported palladium- and platinum-containing catalysts in Russia remains rather high (as much as 60%). The consumption of precious metals in organic synthesis and in the pharmaceutical industry remains at the level of the 1990s. In this overview, we analyze the possibilities for the wider use of platinum in the design of novel catalysts that could compete with imported analogues, including those for petroleum refining, petroleum chemistry, organic synthesis, and environmental applications. We also cover new areas for Russia: nanocomposites for hydrogen energy, new drugs, and membrane technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOIL chemistry, WATER chemistry, SPATIAL variation, and WATERSHEDS

The article presents the study which examines the spatial and temporal variability in surface water chemistry, organic soil chemistry and hydrologic indicators at three poor-fen complexes in two boreal catchments in Northern Alberta. The examination is intended to offer insights into the dominant controls on surface water chemistry. The relation between exchangeable base saturation and potential of hydrogen (pH) of organic soils with surface water chemistry at two of the fen complexes is cited.

Stormwater ponds (SWPs) are wetlands created or engineered for the purpose of collecting and controlling urban runoff, sediments, and toxins prior to discharging into other surface and/or ground waters. As wetlands face increasing pressure from development, many SWPs are also considered by planners as a valid solution to the problem of wetland habitat loss. This study compares water chemistry, organic matter dynamics, and macroinvertebrate community structure, biomass, and secondary productivity in a sample of SWPs with nearby reference wetlands of natural origin. Although total secondary productivity of invertebrates was greater in SWPs, significant differences were observed in water chemistry, invertebrate community structure, invertebrate biomass turnover, and organic matter dynamics that suggest that the SWPs were not comparable to the reference wetlands from the point of view of ecosystem function and conservation. Furthermore, improvement in the function of SWPs in pollutant control might be achieved by improving their function in conservation, most notably by considering the role of organic matter inputs from adjacent terrestrial areas in the planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ANALYTICAL chemistry, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, FOOD quality, QUALITY control, LIQUID chromatography, and ENGINEER'S degree

The importance of Analytical Chemistry in the modern world is continually increasing. There are a lot of reasons: the need for environmental monitoring, food quality control, human health, industrial production quality control, nanotechnologies, material science; these are only some of the areas where analysts are indispensable. Analytical Chemistry, or rather Chemical Analytics, should be treated on a par with the three fundamental chemical courses: Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry, as an individual course or courses, is lectured in 52 Polish universities, including the Academy of Medicine and Academy of Life Sciences (agriculture and related). All these universities were already introduced in the Bolonia Process, The European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) points, and three steps of education: Bachelor's degree (at universities of technology-Engineer's degree), Master's degree, and Doctoral Studies. Analytical Chemistry exists on all levels of teaching. On the first level, Bachelor's degree, the program of Analytical Chemistry contains the basic knowledge, so called classical Analytical Chemistry: gravimetric analysis, electrogravimetry, acid-base titration, oxidation-reduction titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, quality assurance, and quality control of results (2-3 h of lecture, 5 h of laboratory, and 1 h of seminar). During the second level (Master's degree) the program contains more developed analytical techniques: gas and liquid chromatography, spectrophotometric methods, electrochemical methods, elemental analysis, etc. The lecture courses at universities depend on the specific specialization, and there are a variety of different courses according to the need of specialization programs. The Bachelor's (engineer's) projects (diploma theses) are very often prepared in the field of Analytical Chemistry. The same occurs with Doctoral Studies; very often, students choose subject matters connected with Analytical Chemistry. This is why each year we have about 100 doctoral candidates in the field of Analytical Chemistry. The laboratories of Polish universities are well equipped with specialized apparatuses, but are strongly dependent on the university's profile and the size of the university. Students can participate in the scientific research carried on by the didactic staff, especially when completing diploma theses or doctorates. Some of them are performing studies and theses abroad, in the frame of the LLP ERASMUS Program. From our department, each year, about 10-12 students complete their Analytical Chemistry theses abroad. It promotes the European dimension and improves the quality of education by encouraging innovation in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1861, Chemistry at Pisa was entering a phase of renewal under Professor S. De Luca. He has a place not only in the history of chemistry in Italy but also in the literature of the country through a short story by Fucini. His successor was P. Tassinari, who as a young man had been a pioneer in photography and who at Pisa enabled all students to do practical work in the laboratory. During his tenure, Pisa hosted two major foreign chemists: the German U. Schiff and the Russian A. Borodin, although the latter is far more famous as a composer. F. Sestini, the founder of Italian Photochemistry, was also working another faculty at Pisa at that time. R. Nasini, the founder of the Italian School of Physical Chemistry, was Professor from 1907 until 1929 and during his tenure in 1918 Marie Curie made Pisa her base for a three-week scientific mission she had been given by the Italian government. The Chair of Physical Chemistry was then held by A. Mazzucchelli from 1928 until 1935. The two Institutes of Chemistry at Pisa were headed by Nasini's successor C. Porlezza, a figure who was practically chemistry incarnate at Pisa until 1955 and in relation to whom mention is made of two students killed in the Italian civil war, one pro and one anti-Fascist. The "post-Porlezza" period saw an increase in the Institutes of Chemistry at Pisa with the arrival of Organic Chemistry, Organic Industrial Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry all of which were incorporated into the current Department in 1985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CURCUMA, CHEMISTRY education, CHEMISTRY experiments, ORGANIC chemistry, and TAUTOMERISM

The article presents a case study which centers on the chemistry of curcumin. One of the objectives of the case was to examine the main concepts in organic chemistry, which include keto-enol tautomerization, resonance theory, antioxidant chemistry, organic acids and bases, and metal chelation. For the study, students were grouped into five or six. It was found that several students had difficulty creating different resonance structures.

CHEMICAL reactions, CHEMICALS, DEPSIDES, and METABOLISM

Graphical Abstract Section Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 541 NEW TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF O‐METHYLEDGEWORIN AND EDGEWORIN B. Serge Kirkiacharian and Marie Brillard Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay Malabry Cedex, France Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 547 ALLYLSILYL PROPARGYL ETHERS AS SUBSTRATES FOR INTRAMOLECULAR PAUSON–KHAND REACTIONS Salma Ishaq and Michael J. Porter Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 559 2‐HYDROXY‐1,2,3,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐AZULEN‐6‐CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER—A NOVEL PRECURSOR FOR A NEW CLASS OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS Z. Hussain,1,2 H. Hopf,1 L. Pohl,1 and T. Rantanen11Institut für Organische Chemie, Braunschweig, Germany 2Max‐Planck‐Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 573 SYNTHESIS OF NEW TETRAHETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS BY THE MIXED CONDENSATION REACTIONS ON [1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[4,3‐A][1,5]BENZODIAZEPINES A. Boudina, A. Baouid, A. Hasnaoui, and M. Essaber Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Hétérocycles, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences‐Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc The condensation reaction of diarylnitrilimines and arylonitrile oxides with [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a] [1,5]benzodiazepines is completely regioselective. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 581 TETRAMERIC DABCO–BROMINE COMPLEX: A NOVEL REAGENT FOR REGENERATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS FROM ALDOXIMES AND KETOXIMES Majid M. Heravi,1 Fateme Derikvand,1 and Mitra Ghassemzadeh21Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Azzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran 2Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran An efficient and convenient conversion of aldoximes and ketoximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with tetrameric DABCO–bromine is reported. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 587 FIRST CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF THREE NATURAL DEPSIDES INVOLVED IN FLAVONOL CATABOLISM AND RELATED TO QUERCETINASE CATALYSIS Sylvain Tranchimand, Thierry Tron, Christian Gaudin, and Gilles Iacazio Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Paul Cézanne Aix‐Marseille III, Marseille Cedex, France The naturally occurring products of the reaction catalyzed by quercetinase on kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were synthesized by coupling suitably protected phloroglucinol carboxylic acid and hydroxy‐perbenzylated benzoic acid derivatives. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 599 ORGANIC BASE‐CATALYZED STEREOSELECTIVE ISOMERIZATIONS OF 4‐HYDROXY‐4‐PHENYL‐BUT‐2‐YNOIC ACID METHYL ESTER TO (E)‐ AND (Z)‐4‐OXO‐4‐PHENYL‐BUT‐2‐ENOIC ACID METHYL ESTERS John P. Sonye and Kazunori Koide Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 603 FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2,2′‐DIALKYLATED 4,4′‐OXYBIPHENOLS Katsuya Maeyama,1 Yasushi Fujiwara,1 Makiya Nishimuro,2 Yasuhiko Yoshida,2 and Noriyuki Yonezawa11Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan 2Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 611 SYNTHESIS OF METHYL N‐ARYL OXAMATE USING SOLUBLE POLYMER SUPPORT Guichun Yang,1 Haiqing Zhang,1,2 Yanling Huang,1 and Zuxing Chen11Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Resources and Environment, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China A variety of methyl N‐aryl oxamate were synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a soluble polymer support and a monoproctection group with excellent yields. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 621 CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF HALOSTEROIDAL DERIVATIVES BY BIPYRIDINE OR PHENANTHROLINE COMPLEXES OF COPPER(II) IN HYDRAZINE AQUEOUS MEDIA Huang‐Chi Du, Kung‐Cheng Liu, and Wen‐Shan Li Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 631 SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS USING BENZYLDIMETHYLTELLURONIUM DICHROMATE Yang‐Heon Song Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejeon, South Korea Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 637 OPTIMIZED PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 6‐AZIDO‐6‐DEOXY‐GALACTOPYRANOSIDES FROM 6‐O‐TOSYL‐GALACTOPYRANOSIDES Shu‐Chun Li, Xiang‐Bao Meng, Meng‐Shen Cai, and Zhong‐Jun Li Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China A practical procedure for the preparation of 6‐azido‐6‐deoxy‐galacto‐pyranoside derivatives was demonstrated. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 645 ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF BENZOFURYL‐SUBSTITUTED SEMICARBAZIDES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION Xi‐Cun Wang,1 Lan‐Qin Chai,1,2 Man‐Gang Wang,1 Zheng‐Qun Quan,1 and Zheng Li11Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 2College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China A series of asymmetric semicarbazides was synthesized by reactions of 2‐benzofuran isocyanate with acid hydrazides under microwave irradiation using one‐pot procedures. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 653 MICROWAVE‐ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF 1,4,7,10‐TETRAAZACYCLODODECANE B. Jebasingh and V. Alexander Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, India A new method of synthesis of cyclen by the microwave‐mediated condensation of tosylamide monosodium salt with tritosylated diethanolamine in dry DMF followed by detosylation of tosylated cyclen with HBr is described. The X‐ray crystal structure of cyclen is reported. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 659 PROTECTION AND DEPROTECTION OF ACETALS BY USING MOO3/SIO2 Rajesh S. Bhosale,1 Sidhanath V. Bhosale,2 Sheshanath V. Bhosale,2 Kuldeep S. Solanke,3 Rajendra P. Pawar,3 Harish S. Chougule,4 and Mohan K. Dongare41School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marthwada University, Nanded, India 2Institute of Chemistry—Organic Chemistry, Freie University, Berlin, Germany 3Organic Chemistry Synthesis Lab., Dnyanopasak College, Prabhani, India 4Catalysis Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India Acetalization of aldehydes using a new silica‐supported molybdenum(VI) oxide (20%) catalyst has been explored. Additionally, facile deprotection strategy for the acetals is reported including the results from the replacement of solvent studies. The protocol achieved the protection O,O‐acetals in excellent yield within a few hours under neutral conditions and also deprotection of aromatic O,O‐acetals in excellent yields was achieved within a few minutes in aqueous acetone. Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 665 SOLID‐SUPPORTED SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLE‐SUBSTITUTED 1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES BY MODIFIED HANTZSCH METHOD AND THEIR AROMATIZATION E. Rajanarendar, P. Ramesh, M. Srinivas, K. Ramu, and G. Mohan Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 673 OXIDATIVE ACETYLATION OF TETRAMETHYL BISPHENOL‐F Pradeep T. Deota,1 Hemant S. Parmar,1 Vaibhav B. Valodkar,2 Piyush R. Upadhyay,2 and S. P. Sahoo31Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India 3Sun Pharmaceutical Advance Research Centre, Vadoara, India Synth. Commun.2006, 36, 679 EFFICIENT AND RAPID METHOD FOR THE OXIDATION OF ELECTRON‐RICH AROMATIC ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS USING IMPROVED BASIC HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Zhi‐Qi Cong,1 Chun‐ian Wang,2 Tie Chen,1 and Bing‐Zhu Yin11Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China 2Department of Pharmacy and Applied Chemistry, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China The oxidation of aromatic aldehydes with electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating substituents to their carboxylic acid using an improved basic hydrogen peroxide system represents an efficient, rapid, and practical procedure, particularly in the case of electron‐rich benzaldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RADIOCHEMISTRY, RADIOACTIVE substances, NUCLEAR engineering, NUCLEAR science, and CHEMISTRY education

Given the mismatch between supply of and demand for nuclear scientists, education in nuclear and radiochemistry has become a serious concern. The Nuclear and Radiochemistry in Chemistry Education (NRIChEd) Curriculum Project was undertaken to reintroduce the topics normally covered in a one-semester radiochemistry course into the traditional courses of a four-year chemistry major: general chemistry, organic chemistry, quantitative and instrumental analysis, and physical chemistry. NRIChEd uses a three-pronged approach that incorporates radiochemistry topics when related topics in the basic courses are covered, presents special topics of general interest as a vehicle for teaching nuclear and radiochemistry alongside traditional chemistry, and incorporates the use of non-licensed amounts of radioactive substances in demonstrations and student laboratory experiments. This approach seeks not only to reestablish nuclear science in the chemistry curriculum, but to use it as a tool for elucidating fundamental and applied aspects of chemistry as well. Moreover, because of its relevance in many academic areas, nuclear science enriches the chemistry curriculum by encouraging interdisciplinary thinking and problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESEARCH institutes, ORGANIC chemistry, ANNIVERSARIES, SCIENTISTS, and HETEROCYCLIC chemistry

Reports that the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), a large scientific center in Russia in the field of organic chemistry, organic catalysis, and the chemistry of natural and biologically active compounds, has turned 70 years old on February 23, 2004. Institute's concentration of highly qualified scientists on its staff; Major scientific results achieved by several institute; Studies in heterocyclic chemistry.

CHEMISTRY, FOOD science, FOOD packaging, COOKING, MATHEMATICS, ENGLISH people, INFORMATION services, TECHNICAL writing, and STUDENTS

The article reports on the connection of Food Science Class with the basic principles in Chemistry. It covered the basic principles of chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology. Other topics involved in it are the study of food production, processing and packaging and its principles were linked to real-life applications with food. It also dealt on Math and English skills and integrated the major fields of scientific study with nutrition, technology, history and food preparation. Its laboratories involved data collection, development of tables and technical writing and are designed to help students apply Math and Algebra 1 skills through calculation of mass percentages, averages and density and showed students on which procedure worked best and why.

SOIL chemistry and NITROGEN

Studies the effects of nitrogen-enriched rock powder on soil chemistry. Relationship higher cellulose rate nitrogen application rate.

Published data and the results of the authors' investigations on the electrochemical conversion of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides and freons into valuable organic products are reviewed. Considerable attention is paid to the probable mechanisms of such processes, the role and position of the radical-ions and free radicals in them, and the effect of the structure of the reagents, the electrolysis conditions, and other factors on the composition and yield of the products. The problems of developing this promising process, which lies at the junction between physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and ecology, are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SEDIMENTATION & deposition research, OCEAN bottom, and CARBONATE minerals

Discusses the mechanism underlying the relative deposition rates of organic carbon and calcite to the sea floor. Effect of total calcite concentration on the specific depth at which calcite dissolves; Control of atmospheric carbon dioxide by ocean carbonate chemistry; Organic carbon degradation in the sediments.

NUTRITION education, HIGHER education, ACADEMIC degrees, UNIVERSITY & college entrance requirements, and COLLEGE teachers

The article provides information on the degree programs related to food science and human nutrition being offered by Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Peter J. Bechtel is the program director at the university. Entrance requirements include GPA with an aggregate of more than or equal to 3; courses in general chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry and physiology all with laboratories; and GRE aptitude test. The university offers both M.S. and Ph.D. degree programs. The M.S. program emphasis in nutritional science or applied nutrition is offered with either a thesis or non-thesis option. The Ph.D. degree emphasizes basic sciences with research in nutritional biochemistry, nutrition education or food science. The M.S. degree requires 35 credits and a final exam, whereas the Ph.D. requires a minimum of 50 credits beyond the M.S. Tuition and fees per year are $2,874.08 for resident and $8,572.08 for nonresidents. The faculty include K.G.D. Allen, J.E. Anderson, G.W. Auld, P.J. Bechtel, S. Gregary and others.

SCIENTISTS, BIOLOGISTS, BIOLOGICAL research, SCIENTIFIC community, and OXYTETRACYCLINE

The article presents information on scientist Ben A. Sobin and his research achievements. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1912 and his graduate education took place at Ohio State University. He specialized in chemistry, organic chemistry, bacteriology and biochemistry. Professionally he worked in various organizations and his career with Pfizer Inc. began as chief of biologies control where he attained success in research assignment. One of them was the preparation of the first samples of Terramycin under Sobin's direction.

SCIENCE teachers, TEACHER training, CHEMISTRY education, HIGH schools, OCCUPATIONAL training, SECONDARY education, EFFECTIVE teaching, HIGH school students, and EDUCATION research

The article discusses studies about developments in professional training of science teachers in high schools in the U.S. A chemistry teacher should have as a minimum, college courses in general inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and physical chemistry. Organic chemistry is studied because of the basic principles and general information involved and the important role organic substances play in modern life. One of the conclusions reached by the Committee on Preparation of High School Chemistry teachers is that more extensive training and other sciences is urgently needed in many cases and these needs should be met either by decreasing the requirements in educational course, by increasing the number of credits required for graduation.