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SOIL chemistry and NITROGEN

Studies the effects of nitrogen-enriched rock powder on soil chemistry. Relationship higher cellulose rate nitrogen application rate.

COMPOSITION of water, POLYMERS, CATALYSTS, INORGANIC chemistry, and POWER resources

The article discusses research on how the light-induced splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen generates storable polymers and chemical fuels that could be used to address the world's energy demands. Particular attention is also given to the use of inorganic materials as semiconductor catalysts for such splits.

ORGANIC synthesis, SPECTROMETRY, ASTRONOMICAL observations, and NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Phenylmethanimine is an aromatic imine with a twofold relevance in chemistry: organic synthesis and astrochemistry. To tackle both aspects, a multidisciplinary strategy has been exploited and a new, easily accessible synthetic approach to generate stable imine‐intermediates in the gas phase and in solution has been introduced. The combination of this formation pathway, based on the thermal decomposition of hydrobenzamide, with a state‐of‐the‐art computational characterization of phenylmethanimine laid the foundation for its first laboratory observation by means of rotational electric resonance spectroscopy. Both E and Z isomers have been accurately characterized, thus providing a reliable basis to guide future astronomical observations. A further characterization has been carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing the feasibility of this synthetic approach in solution. The temperature dependence as well as possible mechanisms of the thermolysis process have been examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTING & indexing services, BIBLIOMETRICS, ORGANIC chemistry, COMPUTER software, DATABASES, INTERNET, LANGUAGE & languages, NEEDS assessment, PROFESSIONAL peer review, PUBLISHING, SERIAL publications, INFORMATION resources, ACCESS to information, PERIODICAL articles, and IMPACT factor (Citation analysis)

Subject librarians are well-positioned to apply and teach searching techniques using online library resources for assisting researchers and scholars on where to publish. A bibliometric analysis was used to compare four premier letters journals in organic chemistry: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Letters in Organic Chemistry, Organic Letters, and Tetrahedron Letters. The objective of this study is to develop a routine methodology for evaluating and comparing journals with a similar scope based on researchers' immediate needs. The study provides a practical guide to help organic chemists decide where to submit a short article for publication. For initial comparative purposes, general parameters, such as subscription rate, open access availability and article processing charge, field categories, language, maximum page length, citation style, peer-review type, review time, publication frequency, impact factor, journal h-index, acceptance rate, and database coverage were obtained from various online resources. Between 1999 and 2016, a total of 20,675 articles from Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1,732 articles from Letters in Organic Chemistry, 24,889 articles from Organic Letters, and 34,380 articles from Tetrahedron Letters were retrieved from the advanced search option in Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded). The articles were examined by year, language, country, and organization. The VOSviewer software was employed for an in-depth map analysis of the research topics covered in each journal derived from key terms in article titles. The SciFinder database was used to compare similarities and differences from the articles in each letters journal through Chemical Abstracts indexing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLICK chemistry, ORGANIC synthesis, FLUORIDES, CHEMICAL amplification, MATERIALS science, and DESULFURIZATION

The sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange reaction (SuFEx), developed by Sharpless and co-workers in 2014, is a new category of click reaction that creates molecular connections with absolute reliability and unprecedented efficiency through a sulfur(VI) hub. Ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF), as one of the most important sulfur(VI) hubs, exhibits extraordinary reactivity in SuFEx click chemistry and organic synthesis. This review summarizes the chemical properties and applications of ESF in click chemistry, organic chemistry, materials science, medicinal chemistry and in many other fields related to organic synthesis. 1 Introduction 2 Chemical Transformations of ESF 3 Chemical Transformations of 2-Arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides 4 Novel SuFEx Reagents Derived from ESF 5 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry 6 Applications of ESF Derivatives in Materials Science 7 Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of alternating current is advantageous in energy transfer over long distances. It is a well-known fact now, but subject of long conflict in the era of pioneering works in electric power production. There are also some processes in physical chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, in biochemistry and related sciences, which take place in opposite directions, with consecutive alternations in time. However, the very existence of alternate reactions, now known as the oscillatory or oscillating reactions, has long been disputed because it was thought that it is contrary to the basic principles of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, according to our knowledge, there are no oscillatory reactions without catalytic loop as the essential part of a mechanism. There could be a fundamental rule that catalysis is necessary to generate oscillations in concentrations and reaction rates. Particularly, homogeneous oscillatory reactions are often subject of research as relatively simple systems with good chance to clearly define feedbacks responsible for instability phenomena. However, oscillations can at least equally often be found in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Recently, changes in product selectivity was proved when Pd catalyzed carbonylation of phenylacetylene was moved to the oscillatory dynamic state. With this simple result, the doors are now open for wide spectrum of research projects and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterns of co-authorship provide an effective means of probing the structures of research communities. In this paper, we use the CiteSpace social network tool and co-authorship data from the Web of Science to analyse two such types of community. The first type is based on the cited publications of a group of highly productive authors in a particular discipline, and the second on the uncited publications of those highly productive authors. These pairs of communities were generated for three different countries—the People's Republic of China (PRC), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA)—and for four different disciplines (as denoted by Web of Science subject categories)—Chemistry Organic, Engineering Environmental, Economics, and Management. In the case of the UK and USA, the structures of the cited and uncited communities in each of the four disciplines were markedly different from each other; in the case of the PRC, conversely, the cited and uncited PRC communities had broadly similar structures that were characterised by large groups of connected authors. We suggest that this may arise from a greater degree of guest or honorary authorship in the PRC than in the UK or the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ORGANOCATALYSIS, ORGANIC chemistry, SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry, NATURAL products, and CHEMICAL reactions

Abstract: Organocatalysis is a growing area that is benefiting from advances in many fields. Its implementation has begun in areas such as supramolecular chemistry, organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. While a considerable number of important publications in the field of organocatalytic Mukaiyama‐type additions have been reported, they are yet to be fully covered in a review. Therefore, we would like to highlight the applications of various kinds of organocatalysts in Mukaiyama‐type reactions, while also including the vinylogous Mukaiyama variation. Herein we describe and discuss the development and current state of the art of the organocatalytic Mukaiyama reaction, vinylogous Mukaiyama and related reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PHYSIOLOGY education, BACHELOR of science degree, and MEDICAL education -- United States

Course-level learning objectives and core concepts for undergraduate physiology teaching exist. The next step is to consider how these resources fit into generalizable programlevel guidelines for Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees in Physiology. In the absence of program-level guidelines for Physiology degree programs, we compiled a selective internal report to review degree requirements from 18 peer BS programs entitled "Physiology" in the United States (U.S.). There was a range of zero to three required semesters of math, physics, physics laboratory, general biology, biology laboratory, general chemistry, chemistry laboratory, organic chemistry, organic chemistry laboratory, biochemistry, biochemistry laboratory, anatomy, anatomy laboratory, core systems physiology, and physiology laboratory. Required upper division credits ranged from 11 to 31 and included system-specific, exercise and environmental, clinically relevant, pathology/disease-related, and basic science options. We hope that this information will be useful for all programs that consider themselves to be physiology, regardless of name. Reports such as this can serve as a starting point for collaboration among BS programs to improve physiology undergraduate education and best serve our students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRUG synthesis, DRUG analysis, CHEMISTS, ORGANIC synthesis, and CHEMICAL synthesis

The 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017) was arranged within the celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia from 5-8 September 2017 to get together specialists in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical analysis, screening of bioactive compounds, pharmacology and drug formulations; promote the exchange of scientific results, methods and ideas; and encourage cooperation between researchers from all over the world. The topic of the conference, "Drug Synthesis and Analysis," meant that the symposium welcomed all pharmacists and/or researchers (chemists, analysts, biologists) and students interested in scientific work dealing with investigations of biologically active compounds as potential drugs. The authors of this manuscript were plenary speakers and other participants of the symposium and members of their research teams. The following summary highlights the major points/topics of the meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

METHYLATION, METAL catalysts, and FLUORINATION

Owing to the excellent performance of fluorinated compounds in the areas of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials chemistry, organic chemists have made great efforts towards the selective incorporation of fluorine or fluorinated moieties into organic molecules through nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical, and metal-catalyzed pathways. Impressive progress in fluorination and perfluoroalkylation (especially trifluoromethylation) reactions has been made over the past few decades. However, methods for incorporating lightly fluorinated groups (such as −CF2H) are still underdeveloped, in spite of their important applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This Focus Review summarizes recent developments in metal-catalyzed direct difluoromethylation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRUGS of abuse, SEWAGE disposal plants, and CHEMICAL derivatives

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs encompass a broad range of compounds including opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, anaesthetics, anti-epileptics and mood stabilisers, lysergic compounds, sympathomimetic amines and cocaine derivatives. In this article, we review studies on the occurrence and fate of these drugs in wastewater treatment plants. In general, among various drugs studied, the concentrations and detection frequencies of opioids and cocaine derivatives were the highest in wastewaters. The forensic analysis of wastewaters suggests that cocaine and opioids usage has increased. Given the fact that data on drug usage can be used for making regulatory decisions and policies, this review focuses on understanding the sources and environmental dynamics of neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs. There is a pressing need for more research on the magnitude and extent of illicit drug consumption. The 'sewage epidemiology' approach, currently applied in the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities, is reviewed. The field of wastewater research has been advancing in multipronged paths, incorporating concepts in analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, environmental chemistry, biochemistry, sewage engineering, drug epidemiology and statistics. Future prospects with regard to the occurrence and environmental fate of illicit and psychoactive drugs are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]