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Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, and Leptocysta

Leptocysta Stal, 1873 Leptocysta ��� Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., III: 122 e 127; Berg, 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. H��m. III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.: 61; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hemipt. Heteropt., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe & Poor, 1936, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 10 (4): 386; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103. Hapl��tipo: Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (= Tingis sexnebulosa Stal) Ves��cula ��� Muito alongada, alta, apertada e afilada anteriormente, e extendendo-se muito al��m da cabe��a; ligeiramente curvada na margem superior. Pronoto ��� Fortemente alargado; tricarenado. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, igual ou mais alta do que a ves��cula; as laterais muito baixas, uniareoladas, curtas, e ��s vezes pouco distintas. Antenas ��� Longas com o primeiro segmento com o dobro do comprimento do segundo; o terceiro bastante alongado. Paranotos ��� Muito largos, com ou sem espinhos nas margens, ligeiramente levantados. Elitros ��� Achatados, largos, muito mais longos do que o abd��men, subquadrados ou arredondados, com as margens espinhosas ou n��o, a parte 1 Recebido para publica����o a 27 de junho de 1946. anterior estreitada; ��rea costal muito larga; subcostal muito estreita (bisseriada); discoidal alongada atingindo al��m da metade dos ��litros. B��cula ��� Muito alta. Abertura rostral alcan��ando o ��ltimo par de patas, profunda, com l��minas altas. Rostro ��� Alcan��ando a parte final da abertura rostral. Patas ��� Longas. Distribui����o geogr��fica ��� Toda a Am��rica do Sul, exceto Chile. Pertence �� subfam��lia Tinginae, e cont��m este g��nero tr��s esp��cies, com a nova esp��cie agora incluida. Perfeitamente distinto, por��m ligeiramente relacionado com Corythaica Stal, do qual se afasta pela largura dos ��litros e paranotos; pela subcostal estreitada; pela discoidal achatada; e pelas antenas bem mais longas. �� todavia, bem mais pr��ximo de Ammianus Distant, 1904, da ��ndia, do qual se distingue pelo formato da ves��cula e dos paranotos. CHAVE DAS ESP��CIES 1. Com espinhos nas margens dos ��litros.................................. 2 ��� Sem tais espinhos.................................................................. novatis DraKe 2. Margem espinhosa na parte central; ��litros em declive no in��cio, depois retos................................................................. sexnebulosa Stal ��� Margem espinhosa em toda a sua extens��o; ��litros arredondados................................................................................ tertia n. sp.
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptocysta, and Leptocysta sexnebulosa

Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (Figs. 1-2) Tingis sexnebulosa Stal, 1860, Rio Hem., I: 64; WalKer, 1873, Cat. Hem. Het. VI: 181. Leptocysta sexnebulosa Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., Ill: 127; Berg, ( nee Stal), 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. Hern, III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc.: 61, pl. II, fgs. 1010a.; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hem. Het., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe, 1930, Amer. Mus. Nov. n. 398: 1; DraKe, 1931, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24: 511; DraKe & Hambleton, 1934, Rev. Ent., Rio de Janeiro, 4 (4): 442; DraKe, 1935, Konovia, 14 (1): 17; DraKe & Poor, 1937, Mem. Carn. Mus., 11: 306, pl. 39, fig. 13; Monte, 1937, Rodriguesia, II (8): 34, fg. 3; Monte, 1938, Bol. Biol., Ill (3-4): 131; DraKe & Poor, 1939, Physis, 17: 98; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 193; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 101; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103; Bosq, 1940, Rev. Soc. Ent. Arg., 10 (5): 412; DraKe & Hambleton, 1945, J. Wash. Ac. Sci., 35 (11): 359. Cabe��a completamente coberta pela ves��cula e com leve secre����o esbranqui��ada, trazendo cinco espinhos longos, delgados e dirigidos para frente: o par anterior quase deitado na superf��cie da cabe��a, o espinho mediano quase alcan��ando a extremidade do par posterior, e este por sua vez alcan��a mais ou menos a metade do primeiro segmento antenal. Olhos salientes. B��cula larga, alta, geralmente formada por tr��s carreiras de ar��olas, das quais a inferior �� bem mais larga. Abertura rostral larga, profunda, alargando-se para a extre�� midade, a l��mina desta abertura �� largamente uniareolada. Rostro relativamente curto, alcan��ando o segundo par de patas. Ves��cula muito alongada, apertada, afilada, e tendo na parte inferior um profundo sulco, e manchada de preto na base e ��pice. Antenas amareladas, os 2/3 apicais do ��ltimo segmento, pretos. O primeiro segmento o dobro do segundo; o terceiro quase tr��s vezes o comprimento do quarto, este levemente mais longo do que a soma dos dois primeiros. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, mais alta do que a ves��cula, geralmente formada de tr��s largas ar��olas na sua maior largura, tendo as partes anterior e posterior, manchadas de preto; as laterais muito baixas, formadas de uma s�� carreira de ar��olas, ligeiramente mais baixas atr��s, com leve inclina����o para fora. Paranotos extraordinariamente largos, dirigidos para cima, com ligeira sinuosidade, marginados de espinhos curtos, formados em sua maior largura com 6-7 carreiras de ar��olas irregulares, muitas delas foscas, entretanto as duas primeiras carreiras s��o dispostas com regularidade, sendo a primeira delas formada de c��lulas menores. Pronoto pouco elevado, castanho, com alguns p��los dourados. A por����o triangular formada de c��lulas largas. Elitros muito largos, em parte marginado de espinhos. ��rea costal muito larga, iniciando-se com duas ar��olas, depois tr��s, regularmente 4, por vezes 5 e 6 carreiras de c��lulas irregularmente dispostas; estas ar��olas s��o largas, exce^ to no ter��o anterior onde se forma u'a mancha escura, onde se apresentam bem menores. Esta ��rea �� bem estreitada na frente, segue em linha obliqua, depois reta onde alcan��a a sua maior largura, e na sua parte final nota-se uma outra mancha escura que interessa a sutural. ��rea subcostal muito estreita, bisseriada. ��rea discoidal muito larga e longa, alcan��ando muito al��m da metade dos ��litros, geralmente com seis carreiras de c��lulas, escurecida, por��m com algumas destas c��lulas claras. Patas longas e amareladas, com tarsos escuros. Parte inferior do corpo, castanha. Comprimento 4.61 mm.; largura 2.95 mm. Distribui����o ��� Brasil (Rio de Janeiro; Belo Horizonte e Vi��osa, M. Gerais; Corumb��, Mato Grosso; Nova Teutonia, S. Catarina). Argentina (Chacabuco e Rosas, B. Aires; Corrientes, Capital; S. Inacio, Missiones). Colombia (Aracataca, Madalena). Paraguai (Chaco, Rio Negro e Vila Rica). Per�� (Satipo). Venezuela (Los Canales, Naiguata, Aragua). Planta hospedeira ��� Mikania, sp. (Composta) e Vernonia, sp. (Assa Peixe) (Composta) Tipo ��� Museu de Stocolmo (Su��cia), do Rio de Janeiro
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

クモ, ハナグモ, キャベツ, 福岡, and 宮崎

This paper reports general information obtained concerning the daily fluctuation of spider populations found in the cabbage fields in Fukuoka and Takanabe districts, the feeding of these on injurious crop insects, and the effect of Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius) on them. The experiments or observations were carried out from September 3 to October 31 at Fukuoka and from November 10 to February 20, 1960, at Takanabe. A list of the species of spiders found to occur in the experimental cabbage fields is as follows : District of Fukuoka 1. Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius). 2. Neoscona doenitzi (Boe. et Strand). 3. Lycosa t-insignita Biis. et Strand. 4. Agelena opulenta L. Koch. 5. Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch. 6. Lycosa sp. 7. Chiracanthium kompiricola Di.in. et Strand. 8. Theridiosoma eperioides Bos. et Strand. 9. Dolomedes herculus Bos. et Strand. 10. Plexippus crassipes Karsch. 11. Leucauge subblanda Bos. et Strand. 12. Hahnia cortcicola Bi.s. et Strand. District of Takanabe 1. Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius). 2. Neoscona doenitzi (Bos. et Strand). 3. Lycosa 1-insignita Bcs. et Strand. 4. Leucauge subblanda Bos. et Strand. 5. Lycosa coelestis L. Koch. 6. Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch. 7. Plexippus paykulli (Audouin). 8. Tihellus tenellus (L. Koch). A list of the speci e s of insects caught by the spiders is as follows : a. Injurious insects of direct importance District of Fukuoka 1. Mamestra brassica Linne. 2. Agrotis fucosa Butler. 3. Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel. 4. Prodenia litura Fabricius. 5. Mesographe forticalis Linne. 6. Udea testacea Butler. 7. Oebia undalis Fabricius. 8. Plusia jessica Butler. 9. Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. 10. Phytomyza atricornis Meigen. 11. Brevicoryne brassica Linne. 12. Nysius plebejus Distant. 13. Gryllulus mitratus Saussure. District of Takanabe 1. Phaedon brassica 13aly. 2. Phyllotre t a striolata Fabricius. 3. Oebia undalis Fabricius. 4. Plutella maculipennis Curtis. 5. Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. 6. Phytonryza atricornis Meigen. 7. Hylemyla platura Meigen. b. Injurious insects of indirect importance District of Fukuoka 1. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. 2. Scopula modicaria Leech. 3. Adoxophyes orana Fis. von Ros. 4. Hymenia recurvalis Fabricius. 5. Nephotettix bipunctatus cincticeps Uhler. 6. Niraparvata lugens Linne. 7. Chlorita flavescens Fabricius. 8. Eutettix disciguttis Walker. 9. Cicadella viridis (Linne). 10. Musca domestica Linne. 11. Stomoxys calcitrans Linne. 12. Lucilia caesar Linne. 13. Paratettix histricus Stal. District of Takanabe 1. Acrolepia manganeutis Meyrik. 2. Illiberis pruni Dyar. 3. Erythroneura apicalis Nawa. 4. Empoasca onukii Matsuda. The present observations revealed that the effects of spiders on the cabbage pests were not neglizible. Especially Misumena tricuspidata was not only very effective but also very easy to make mass production in the laboratory. Thus Misumena tricuspidata may be regarded as a promising spider in the control of crop pests. Out of 140 individals of Misumena tricuspidata liberated 32 per cent were established in the cabbage field at Fukuoka, while out of 100 spiders liberated 60 per cent were established at Takanabe. This higher percentage of establishment seemed to be caused by the less active season of the spiders (at the end of November and throughout December), when the spiders became more sluggish before overwintering. During the course of experiments there was found no evidence that the spiders attacked the beneficial insects in the cabbage fields.
果樹園や水田に,どんな種類のクモがどんな程度棲息しているかという研究は,今迄にPickett及びPatterson(1946),Stultz(1955),Chant(1956),Dondale(1956,1957)Nakao及びOkurna(1958),Kobayashi(1958)等によつて行なわれてきた.然し蔬菜園にクモがどの程度いて,何を食べて生活しているかという研究は,私の知る範囲に於いては未だないようである.けれども此の事を調査する為には,今迄おこなわれたように,月に一度又は週に一度,実験場に行つて調べる方法では不充分であつて,少なくとも1日に1回は圃場に行き,そこに棲息しているクモの習性を熟知することが必要となつてくる.筆者は過去4年間此のような研究をおこなつて来たが,諸種の都合で連続1週間或いは10日間位の研究しか出来なかつた.ところが幸いに昭和34年9月1日から,昭和35年3月31日まで九州大学農学部に国内留学を許可され,安松京三教授の御指導のもとに調査を行うことが出来た.すなわち福岡地方では9月4日から予備試験を開始し,9月11日から10月10日までの30日間,高鍋地方では11月10日から12月2日までの23日間,35年1月5日から1月17日までの13日間,蔬菜園特にキャベツ畠に於ける毎日のクモの活動状況を調査した.又天敵として最も有効であると思われるハナグモを福岡では10月3日から10月23日まで,高鍋では11月20日から12月10日までの各21日間放飼して,その定着性並びに害虫捕食状況な調査したのである.研究期間は決して長いとは言われないが,日々の調査で種々有益な事柄を知り得たので,ここにその大要をまとめて'発表する次第である.本文に入るに先だち,調査期間中終始懇篤な御指導並びに本文の校閲を添うした九州大学農学部教授安松京三博士に対し,?に謹んで感謝の意を表する.又平嶋義宏助教授,日高輝展助手,大学院学生矢野宏二氏を始め,教室の各位に,更にクモに関し日頃種々御指導と御援助を賜わる八木沼健夫氏,大熊千代子姉の両氏に哀心から感謝の意を表すると共に,宮崎大学農学部教授中嶋茂博士,宮崎県教育庁学校教育課の関係諸先生並びに宮崎県立高鍋農業高等学校落合寅次郎校長に厚く感謝する次第である.

Orthoptera and Tettigoniidae

While I was at the Instituto Español de Entomología in Madrid in 1962, my colleague Sr. E. Morales Agacino showed me two males of Apoecides madagascariensis Bolivar, a species hitherto known only from the female holotype ; Sr. Morales asked me if I would describe the male sex and kindly lent me the two specimens for this purpose. I have since found two further males amongst a comprehensive collection of Madagascan Tettigoniidae that I have on loan from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, through the courtesy of Dr. L. Chopard. The monotypic genus Apoecides Bolivar belongs to the Copiphorinae, and has the general appearance of a brachypterous version of Pseudorhynchus Stäl; it differs from that genus, however, in having well-developed lateral carinae on the pronotum. With the exception of the genitalia, the description of the male given below also applies to the female.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, PEST analysis, Bollworm, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Infestation, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Cabbage looper, Toxicology, Botany, Chrysopa, Pest control, business.industry, business, and Beneficial insects

Five season-long insecticidal control programs were compared for their impact on pest and beneficial insects in a 240-acre cotton field. The pest species encountered were Lygus Hesperus Knight; the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). The beneficial insects assessed were a minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White); a big-eyed bug, Gcoeoris pallnes Stal; a collops beetle, Gollops vittatus (Say); a damsel bug, Nabis americoferus Carayon; and a green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens. L. hespems was suppressed most effectively by 5 applications of toxaphene-malathion, 4 applications of Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N, N -dimethyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), and 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT, All chemicals were applied when an average of 2 or more L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was encountered. In another toxaphene-DDT program, 3 treatments applied each time an average of 10 L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was found resulted in moderate reduction of this species. The abundance of L. hesperus in the control exceeded the recommended treatment level of 10 bugs per 50 net sweeps in 7 out of 13 weekly samples taken from June 6 to August 30. During the period of L. hesperus control, predator abundance was severely reduced in the toxaphene-malathion and the 2 Bidrin programs. It was moderately reduced where 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT were made and less severely so in the limited toxaphene-DDT program (3 applications). In August, an outbreak of cabbage looper occurred in all the chemical programs. By contrast, the control which had retained its predator populations suffered the lowest infestation and the least damage. One of the Bidrin programs was not treated and was extensively defoliated by cabbage looper. The other Bidrin program was treated at weekly intervals with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and was not seriously damaged. Two applications of toxaphene-DDT gave the most effective chemical control of cabbage looper. In late August and September, bollworm was significantly reduced in the programs receiving I and 3 applications of toxaphene-DDT, but unaffected by 3 applications of toxaphene-carbaryl and 4 of B. thuringiensis . The Bidrin program, which had been heavily defoliated by cabbage looper, was not treated for bollworm, yet the bollworm infestation remained below that found in the control. Four evaluations of boll set made during the season at periodic intervals showed no significant differences between any of the chemical programs and the control. However, in the final boll count made following the period of bollworm infestation the degree of bollworm damage was lowest in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the Bidrin program, which had not been treated for bollworm. Correspondingly, at harvest, the highest yields were produced in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the latter Bidrin program. But, only the toxaphene-DDT program which had received the least number of applications produced a significantly greater amount of cotton than the control.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Leafhopper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nymph, Macrosteles fascifrons, Aster yellows, Hordeum vulgare, Horticulture, Transmission (mechanics), law.invention, law, Incubation period, Aster (genus), and Botany

When nymphs and adults of Elymana virescens (F.) were caged for 7 days on barley plants, Hordeum vulgare L. var. ‘Vantage’ infected with aster yellows casual agent (AYCA), 26% and 24%, respectively, of the exposed insects subsequently transmitted AYCA to barley seedlings. In comparable concurrent experiments with the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), 48% and 78% of the nymphal and adult groups, respectively, transmitted the causal agent. An incubation period of 39-46 days was required before 95% of the inoculative E. virescens could transmit, whereas less than 32 days were needed before 85% of the inoculative M. fascifrons transmitted. However, once the leafhoppers of both species became inoculative they were equally consistent in transmitting. When adult E. virescens and M. fascifrons were injected with an inoculum containing AYCA, 16% and 55% of the injected insects, respectively, became inoculative. The concentration of AYCA in the extracts of inoculative E. virescens was about equal to that of inoculative M. fascifrons when the extracts were prepared on the basis of leafhopper weight.

No presente trabalho o g��nero Bothrocoris Mayr, 1868 �� inclu��do em Lopadusa Stal, 1860, como subg��nero do mesmo. Lopadusa, Stal, 1860 �� redescrito e ilustrado, bem como Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stal, 1860, Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837) e Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) fuscopunctata (Distant, 1880).Bothrocoris consanguineus Distant, 1911, �� colocada na sinonimia de L. (B.) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837). A genit��lia externa e interna de ambos os sexos �� descrita e ilustrada para t��das as esp��cies.

No presente trabalho o g��nero Bothrocoris Mayr, 1868 �� inclu��do em Lopadusa Stal, 1860, como subg��nero do mesmo. Lopadusa, Stal, 1860 �� redescrito e ilustrado, bem como Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stal, 1860, Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837) e Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) fuscopunctata (Distant, 1880).Bothrocoris consanguineus Distant, 1911, �� colocada na sinonimia de L. (B.) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837). A genit��lia externa e interna de ambos os sexos �� descrita e ilustrada para t��das as esp��cies.

R. Agenjo: Hoyosia, nuevo género para codeti Oberthür, 1883, dedicado al Excmo. Sr. Prof. Dr. D. Angel Hoyos de Castro, Decano de la Facultad de Farmacia. (Lep. Lirnacodidae). (Lám. I). C. Capilla: Nueva especie de Liacarus Michael, 1898 del pre-Pirineo oscense (Acari, Oribatei). A. Cobos: Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. N° 203. II. (Col. Buprestidae). F. Español: Nuevos datos sobre los Rathysciinae de Guipúzcoa. (Col. Catapidae). H. Franz: Eine blinde Stenichnus-Art von Tenerife nebst einer Bestimmungstabelle für alle kanarischen Stenichflus-Arten. (Col. Scydmaenidae). J. A. de la Fuente: Revisión de los pentatómidos ibéricos (Flerniptera). Parte I. Tribus Sciocorini Stäl, 1872, y Strachiini Stäl, 1872. D.K. McE Kevan, S. S. Akbar, and Y.-C. Chang: The concealed copulatory structures of the Pyrgomorphidae (Orth. Acridoidea) (Part IV) (Láms. II-IX). E. Ortiz y J. Templado: Los cromosomas de dos especies de sésidos. (Lep. Aegeriidae) (Lám X). C. Pérez Íñigo: Ácaros orihátidos de suelos de España peninsular e Islas Baleares (Acari, Oribatei). (Parte IV). E. M. Robles-Chillida: Estudio morfológico de la cutícula antenal y formaciones sensitivas adyacentes en Aglais urticae (L., 1758) (Lep.Nymphalidae) (Láms. XI-XVIII). K.E. Schedl: Zur Scolytoidea Fauna von Marokko (Coleoptera). Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. D. St. Quentin: Zur Verbreitungsgeschichte der Aeschniden (Odonata)

Doença de Chagas, Triatomíneos, Panstrongylus megistus, and Triatoma infestans

Chamado antes como: Núcleo de Pesquisas da Bahia do Instituto de Endemias Rurais da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-08-22T12:57:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-08-22T13:09:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T13:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1972 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Este é a primeira de uma série de publicações sobre os triatoviineos do Eslado da Bahia , com base nos áados obtidos na. inspeção de 889.972 domicílios de 11.045 localidades do EHado, nos nyics de 1957 a 1971, quando se coletaram 33.588 exemplares do h emiptero. Foram identificadas 18 espécies per tencentes a 4 gêneros, conforme a seguir cf the State of Bahia, Brazil. Surveys were made, of 889,972 dwelling? in 11,04s localities of the State and 33,588 bugs were collected. Four genera and eighteen species oj Triatominae were identified, as follows. Triatoma bahiensis Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 is here considered tc be a s y n onym oi subspecies of T. pessoai Sherlock & Serafim, 1967. Other subspecies or races of other Triatominae have been encountered in Bahia. and will be considered fully elsewhere. Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) is more abundant in the l i t toral areas with tropical climate, high h umid ity and broad-leaved forest vegetation. P. megistus is considered to be the most impor tant vector of Chagas Disease in the State 0] Bahia. 1. brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is principally fo und in areas with an arid climate and xerophilic vegetation. I t was also found in some areas with tropical humid climate, where it ma y be a d iffe ren t race. Some specimens were also caught in areas with a cooler climate and vegetation of moist broad-leaved forest. The spread of T. brasiliensis to this area is considered to be due to h um a n agency T. inie s tans Klug, 1834, once limited in Brazil to tempe rate areas south of the 16th parallel, ?ias been spreading northward through areas with diverse climate characteristics, possibly due to accidental means. T. sordida (Stal, 1859) was fo u n d to have a riverain distributioji in areas with dry climate. T. rubrofasc ia ta e Geer. 1773) is limited to two old colonial ports in the State. Years ago it was quite abundant in these places. Improvements in s a n itary conditions in recent years probagly account for the present scarcity of ihis species in both localities. The following species were fo u n d in small numbers and in limited areas: P. diasi (Pinto & L en t) , P. geniculatus (Latreille), P. lutzi (Neiva & L en t) , T. costalimai Verano & Galvao, T. lenti Sherlock & Serafim, T. ma cu la ta Erickson, 1. melanoc epha la Neiva & Pinto, T. pessoai Sherlock & Serafim. T. petrochii Pinto & Barreto, and T. tibiama culata Pinto. A single specimen of Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1940 was caught, for the fir st time, in a house in a dry area of the nor thwes t part of the State. Of the genus Psamolestes, only P. tertius Lent & Juberg, 1965 was found all over the State. This species ivas restricted to suitable bird nests, lohich are its normal habitat.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Rhodnius prolixus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Chlorpyrifos, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Xenopsylla, Toxicology, Resmethrin, Triatoma infestans, Aedes aegypti, Aerosol, Anopheles albimanus, fungi, complex mixtures, and parasitic diseases

The effectiveness of selected aerosols and micronized dusts in controlling insects in aircraft, was evaluated in simulated field trials against 3 mosquito species ( Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, and A. quadrimaculatus Say), 2 house fly ( Musca domestica L.) strains, oriental rat fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), and cone-nose bugs ( Triatoma infestans Klug and Rhodnius prolixus Stal). Micronized dust and aerosols containing resmethrin alone or in combination with certain other toxicants were highly effective against the test species. Chlorpyrifos dust and G-I730 aerosol ( d-trans allethrin) also gave promising results. The data indicate that lower concentrations of active ingredient(s) in dusts and aerosol treatments and/or the application of lesser amounts of formulation per unit volume of space may be satisfactory against the insects of public health importance included in the tests.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Integrated pest management, Beet armyworm, Chrysopa, Predation, Toxicology, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Botany, PEST analysis, and fungi

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on cotton in California is typically a secondary pest, likely to become abundant after insecticide applications against Lygus hesperus Knight. In this study local outbreaks were generated experimentally in an area of one square mile of cotton, subdivided into 4 randomized blocks of 4 treatments. Applications of dimethoate triggered significant increases in abundance of beet armyworm larvae. Levels up to 4 times as high as those in the untreated control were reached. Analysis of results of population censuses of both beet armyworm and its natural enemies in the experimental area, supplemented by observational evaluation of predator activities on early developmental stages, indicated impairment of predation on eggs and newly hatched larvae as the calise of outbreaks. Especially important in this context were the hemipterous species Geocoris pallens Stal, Orius tristicolor (White), and Nabis americoferus Carayon, which were severely reduced by the treatments. Another important predator of eggs and caterpillars, the larva of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, appeared immune to the insecticide. Field observations further revealed some egg predation by the otherwise predominantly phytophagous L. hesperus . The relevance of this study to pest management procedures for cotton is discussed.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cabbage looper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Trichoplusia, Horticulture, Chrysopa, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Botany, Nymph, Predation, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Larva, and fungi

A comparative life-table analysis of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) populations on cotton in California revealed that, where predators were suppressed with properly timed applications of dimethoate insecticide, increases in larval survival of T. ni occurred. When the populations of predators were allowed to reach density levels comparable to those in the nontreated control, survival rates for T. ni larvae did not differ significantly between nontreated plots and previously treated plots. The results suggest that predators, particularly adults and nymphs of Orius tristicolor (White), Geoeoris pallens Stal, Nabis americoferus Carayon, and larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, inflict a major intrageneration mortality on T. ni larvae on cotton, and that, when these natural enemies are suppressed, a secondary pest outbreak of T. ni can occur. Rates of parasitization and polyhedrosis of T. ni developmental stages were not, in general, adversely affected by the dimethoate sprays. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus and an egg-larval parasite, Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman), appeared to cause mortality which was density related. Two apparently new parasite records for T. ni are recorded: Chelonus texanus Cresson and Patrocloides montanus (Cresson).

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Virology, Virus, Deltocephalus, Transmission (mechanics), law.invention, law, Vector (epidemiology), Nymph, Leafhopper, and Macrosteles

Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), an isometric virus associated with a stunting disease of maize, has a semipersistent relationship with its leafhopper vector, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes). Leafhopper’s lose their ability to transmit MCDV within 48 h after virus is acquired. Leafhoppers given a 96-h virus-acquisition access period (AAP) were more efficient vectors than leafhoppers given a 24-h AAP. The leafhoppers can transmit MCDV following a 2-h AAP and a 2-h inculation period. None of 100 nymphs which previously fed on infected corn and then molted transmitted MCDV, whereas 25 of 100 nonmolted nymphs transmitted virus. Both adult males and females transmit MCDV. The leafhopper Deltocephalus sonorus Ball also is a vector of MCDV, although it is inefficient when compared to G. nigrifrons . The leafhoppers, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), D. maidis DeLong and Wolcott, and Macrosteles fasifrons (Stal), failed to transmit MCDV.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electron diffraction, Atmospheric temperature range, Analytical chemistry, Electrical resistance and conductance, Condensed matter physics, Electron microscopic, Electrical measurements, Short range order, Transmission electron microscopy, and Chemistry

The order-Disorder transformation in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. Upon heating disordered CuPt, short range order is developing in the temperature range 20 to 190 °C by the formation of microdomains which grow into long range order domains upon further heating. This development of short range order gives rise to an electrical resistance increase, followed by a decrease due to the formation of long range order. The electrical measurements are correlated with electron microscopic observations. Der Ordnungs-Fehlordnungsubergang in CuPt wurde mit Hilfe von Messungen des elektrischen Widerstandes, von Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Beim Tempern von fehlgeordnetem CuPt entwickelt sich im Temperaturbereich 20 bis 190 °C Nahordnung durch die Bildung von Mikrodomanen, die bei weiterer Temperung zu Fernordnungsdomanen wachsen. Diese Entwicklung von Nahordnung gibt Anlas zu einem Ansteigen des elektrischen Widerstands, dem ein Abfall infolge der Ausbildung von Fernordnung folgt. Die elektrischen Messungen werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Homogeneous, Electron diffraction, Condensed matter physics, Critical point (thermodynamics), Electron microscope, law.invention, law, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrical resistance and conductance, Chemistry, Electron microscopic, and Stress relief

The ordering mechanism in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. A complex ordering mode consisting of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes is found below 475°C between 475 and 620°C the dispersed ordered domains stop growing. Transformation twins observed near the critical temperature for ordering are related to stress relief in the larger domains. The electrical resistance measurements are correlated with the electron microscopic observations to substantiate this model. Der Ordnungsmechanismus in CuPt wird mit Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Eine komplexe Ordnungsmode, die aus homogenen und heterogenen Prozessen besteht, wird unterhalb 475°C gefunden, zwischen 475 und 620°C horen die dispersen, geordneten Domanen auf zu wachsen. Transformationszwillinge, die in der Nahe der kritischen Ordnungstemperatur beobachtet werden, werden mit dem Spannungsrelief in den groseren Domanen verknupft. Die Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert, um das Modell zu stutzen.

Insect Science, Biology, Labidura riparia, biology.organism_classification, Predation, Lycosa, Introduced species, Beauveria bassiana, Riparia, Geocoris, Sinea, and Botany

Biotic control agents which feed on the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, in Florida were investigated from 1971–77. A scelionid egg parasite, Eumicrosoma benefica Gahan, was the only parasite found. Predatory bugs included: 2 lygaeids, Geocoris uliginiosus (Say) and G. bullatus Say; a nabid, Pagasa pallipes Stal.; 2 anthocorids, Xylocoris vicarius (Reuter) and Lasiochilus pallidulus Reuter; and a reduviid, Sinea sp. Other predators included a dermapteran, Labidura riparia Pallas, several ant species, primarily Solenopsis geminata (F.), and a spider, Lycosa sp. A fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsomo) Vuillemin, also attacked B. insularis. The biotic control agents that appeared to regulate populations of the southern chinch bug were: E. benefica, G. uliginosus, X. vicarius, and L. riparia.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Predator, Myzus persicae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Predation, Botany, Functional response, Geocoris pallens, Aphid, and Coccinella transversoguttata

A model to evaluate potential reductive impact of populations of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), by predators was generalized to include effects of temperature on the rate of aphid reproduction and the functional response of the predator complex. Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown was the most abundant predator in field experiments with large numbers of green peach aphids on sugarbeet plants, Beta vulgaris , L., Geocoris pallens Stal, syrphids, and Scymnus marginicollis Mannerheim were also abundant. Predators had a major role in determining the abundance of aphids, but their effect was greater at the higher densities because the more voracious species responded preferentially to high aphid populations.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Nezara viridula, biology.organism_classification, biology, Toxicology, Pest control, business.industry, business, Ipomoea, Parathion methyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Predation, Agronomy, Euschistus servus, Instar, and fungi

Aerial applications of methyl parathion applied at rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha in large field plots were tested for the differential morality responses of the last 4 developmental stages of several stink bug species associated with soybean. Both dosage rates gave effective control for all developmental stages of the species examined except 5th-instar Acrosternum hilare (Say) and 4th- and 5th-instar Euschistus servus (Say). No Podisus maculiventris (Say), a predaceous stink bug, were found in any field 24 h posttreatment; whereas, very little mortality was observed for Edessa bifida (Say), a pentatomid that utilizes Ipomoea spp. as hosts. A topical application technique was used to evaluate dosage-mortality responses of field-collected adults of 7 pentatomid species. In addition, responses were obtained for males females and diapausing adults of Nezara viridula (L.) and 5th-instar N. viridula , A. hilare : and E. servus . Based on μg/insect, P. maculiventris had a significantly lower LD50 than the other species (0.032 μg/insect); whereas, E. bifida had a significantly higher LD50 that was from 12 to 107× above other values. Thyanta pallido-virens (Stal) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) had mortality responses similar to the other soybean pests. Reproductively active and diapausing adults of N. viridula exhibited Similar responses. The μg/insect LD50 for N. viridula , A. hilare and E. servus 5th instars were higher than their corresponding adults.